2022年中考英语语法专题复习学案形容词和副词

这是一份2022年中考英语语法专题复习学案形容词和副词，共7页。学案主要包含了形容词短语等内容，欢迎下载使用。

1.人物描述类
afraid害怕的 alive活着的 alne独自的 angry生气的 awake醒着的 excited兴奋的 famus著名的 gd好的 healthy健康的 ill生病的 lnely孤独的 lvely可爱的 nisy吵闹的 ld年长的 pr贫穷的
quiet安静的 relaxed放松的 rich富裕的 sft柔和的 shy害羞的
strng强壮的 surprised惊讶的 tall高大的 tired疲劳的 ugly丑陋的
weak虚弱的 wrse更坏的 yung年轻的
2.情绪性格类
afraid害怕的 angry生气的 brave勇敢的 careful细心的 clever聪明的
cnfident自信的 excited兴奋的 friendly友好的 funny滑稽的 glad乐意的
happy开心的 hnest诚实的 kind善良的 lazy懒惰的 lively活泼的
lvely可爱的 nervus焦虑的 utging开朗的 patient耐心的 plite礼貌的
prud骄傲的 sad伤心的 shy害羞的 serius严肃的 strict严格的
humrus 幽默的 interested感兴趣的
3.天气类
bad坏的 cl凉爽的 fine晴朗的 nice好的 rainy有雨的
warm暖和的 windy有风的 terrible恶劣的
4.词义相近类
friendly与kind famus与well-knwn high与tall happy与pleasant
lw与shrt lnely与alne perfect与wnderful sleepy与asleep
smart与wise valuable与precius
词义相对类
humrus幽默的←→serius严肃的 difficult困难的←→easy简单的
similar相似的←→different不同的 strng强壮的←→weak虚弱的
dirty脏的←→clean干净的 warm暖和的←→cl凉爽的/cld寒冷的
light轻的←→heavy重的 special特别的←→cmmn普通的
wrng错的←→right对的 lw低的←→high高的
cheap便宜的←→expensive贵的 interesting有趣的←→bring无聊的
free空闲的←→busy忙碌的 wnderful很棒的←→terrible糟糕的
6.以-ful结尾的形容词
awful 糟糕的 clrful 多彩的 wnderful 美妙的 useful有用的 frgetful 健忘的
hpeful 有希望的 painful疼痛的 harmful 有害的 successful 成功的 careful细心的
beautiful 美丽的 helpful 乐于助人的 grateful感恩的 thankful 感激的 peaceful 和平的
pwerful强大的 meaningful有意义的
考点二 形容词短语
与abut搭配
be crazy abut对……着迷 be srry abut对……感到遗憾
be wrried abut对……担忧 be sure abut确信，对……有把握
(2)与frm搭配
be absent frm缺席…… be different frm与……不同
(3)与in搭配
be interested in对……感兴趣 be rich in富于，盛产
be successful in在……方面成功 be weak in在……方面薄弱
(4)与f搭配
be afraid f害怕…… be full f充满……
be sure f对……有把握 be tired f对……厌倦
be prud f为……感到自豪
(5)与t搭配
be friendly t对……友好 be similar t与……相似
be clse t接近 be rude t对……粗鲁
be gd/nice/kind t对……友好 be plite t对……有礼貌
be related t与……有关
(6)与with搭配
be angry with生……的气 be busy with忙于
be patient with对……有耐心 be ppular with受……欢迎
be satisfied with对……感到满意
(7)与fr搭配
be famus/knwn/well-knwn fr因……而著名
be late fr迟到 be thirsty fr渴望
be/get ready fr为……做好准备 be gd fr对……有好处
be suitable fr适合…… be thankful fr对……心存感激
(8)与at搭配
be amused at以……为乐 be angry at对……生气
be annyed at对……恼怒 be gd at擅长于……
be mad at对……愤怒 be surprised at对……感到惊奇
同步练习：
( )1.—Hw d yu like this huse？— It's everything I've been lking fr.
Terrible! B. Perfect! C. Awful! D. Delicius!
( )2.The stry is really .It makes all f us laugh a lt.
A. crrect B. bring C. humrus D. direct
( )3.The price f the huses at the mment are still very .
A. high B. expensive C. higher D. mre expensive
( )4. It's every pliceman's duty t keep peple and the traffic in gd rder.
A. safe B. healthy C. busy D. famus
( )5.She is always with her parents, and she even tells her secret t them.
A. bred B. pen C.angry D. mad
( )6.We are f hearing Jeff's same ld jkes. He keeps telling it every time.
A. bred B. surprised C. pleased D.scared
( )7.—What shuld I d with the shirt made f cttn?
—Oh,it shuld be washed at temperature r it'll be ruined.
A. medium B. ht C. cld D. warm
( )8.I fund a place near the lake. I read there fr a whle afternn.
A. peaceful B. painful C. careful D. grateful
( )9.What a(n) girl she is! She sn became friends with everyne.
A. serius B. active C. stupid D. rude
( )10.It's s f yu t clse the dr withut making a sund.
A. plite B. hnest C. strict D. excellent
考点三：副词词义辨析
常见的以­ly结尾的副词
finally最后 hardly几乎不，很少 really的确，确实 angrily生气地
carelessly满不在乎地；粗心地 certainly当然 clearly清晰地
easily容易地，不费力地 especially特别，尤其 firstly首先
generally通常；一般 greatly非常 happily高兴地 kindly友好地
luckily幸好，幸运的是 nearly几乎，将近 prbably大概，或许 prperly正确地，适当地 quickly迅速地，飞快地 quietly安静地 secretly秘密地
slwly缓慢地 smthly平整地；顺利地 simply简单地；仅仅
2. 易混副词
同步练习：
( )1.I culd cntrl my feelings at the mment.The mvie reminds me f my childhd.
A. really B. nearly C. slwly D. hardly
( ) 2.—Is dinner ready？—Nt .
A. already B. just C. yet D. ever
( )3.—Hw is yur ld friend Katie?—Oh, she's mved t anther city, s I've ____ ever seen her since then. A. clearly B. simply C. nearly D. hardly
( )4.—Are yu the last ne t g t schl tday? — nt. I'm always the first ne.
A. Certainly B. Usually C. Generally D. Finally
( )5. —D yu like seeing a mvie n yur mbile phne?
—N. I d that because it makes me uncmfrtable.
A.ften B. usually C. seldm D. smetimes
( )6. Zhu Feng has learned English fr many years, but he can understand the native speakers. A. hardly B. certainly C. always D. almst
( )7.Be careful when yu are driving, ______ in a rainstrm like this.
A. seriusly B. ttally C. especially D. prbably
( )8. Please remember nt t speak ______in the reading rm.
A. ludly B. slwly C. quietly D. quickly
( ) 9. As a friend, she tries t help me in every way， s I trust her_______ .
A. cmpletely B. heavily C. widely D. hardly
( )10. When Judy sees her neighbrs passing by, she is kind enugh t greet them .
A. heavily B. sadly C. warmly D. freely
考点四：形容词和副词的混合辨析
( )1.Hw it rained yesterday! We had t cancel ur ftball match
A. heavily B. light C. heavy D. lightly
( )2. is the best way t keep a gd relatinship with yur parents, teachers and gt ther peple arund yu.
A. Active cmmunicating B. Actively cmmunicating
C. Actively cmmunicatin D. Active cmmunicate
( )3.They met in 2012 and gt married tw years later.
A. special B. exact C. hardly D. exactly
( )4.Old Mr. Green desn't feel _______because sme students visit him regularly.
A. sadly B. lively C. lnely D. angrily
( )5.IPads are becming smaller and lighter. They can be carried very .
A. easy B. easily C. rapid D. rapidly
( )6. Allen always behaves , s many peple like him.
A. strangely B. plitely C. friendly D. lvely
( )7. Steve isn't as as Kelly. He ften makes mistakes in his writing.
A. careful B. easy C. carefully D. easily
( )8.I am really t g t Krea with my family this summer hliday. I can g shpping there.
A. nervus B. nervusly C. happy D. happily
考点五：形容词和副词的比较等级
原级的用法
说明人或事物自身的特征、性质或状态时用形容词原级。如:
The flwers in the garden are beautiful.花园里的花很漂亮。
(2)有表示程度的副词very, s, t, enugh, quite等修饰时用形容词原级。如:
The by is t yung.这个男孩太小了。
(3)表示两者在某一方面相同或不同时用原级。常见结构如下:
2. 比较级的用法
(1)当有表示程度的副词及短语much, even, still, far, rather, any, a little, a bit, a lt等修饰时,用形容词或副词的比较级。 It is even clder tday.今天甚至更冷了。
(2)比较级常见结构：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①两者进行比较时，用形容词/副词比较级，其结构为：“A＋动词＋比较级＋than＋B”或“A＋动词＋mre/less＋原级＋than＋B”
如：T have a spirit f ding by yurself is mre useful than crying fr help.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②有程度副词a little, a bit, a lt, much, even, far等修饰形容词/副词时，该形容词/副词需用比较级形式。如：She is much smarter than I expect.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更……”时，用句型“Which/Wh＋动词＋比较级， A r B？”。如：Which is nearer t the sun, the mn r the earth？月球和地球哪个离太阳更近？
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④表示“两者之间较……的一个”时，常用“the＋比较级＋f the tw”结构。
如：Mary is the thinner f the tw girls ver there.玛丽是那边两个女孩中较瘦的那一个。
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤表示“越来越……”时，用“比较级＋and＋比较级”或“mre and mre＋原级”结构。
如：I think Chinese will be mre and mre ppular in the future.我认为汉语在将来会越来越流行。
= 6 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑥表示“越……，越……”时，用“the＋比较级， the＋比较级”结构。
如：The mre difficult the prblem is, the mre careful we shuld be.问题越难，我们就应该越仔细。
= 7 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑦表示“是……的几倍”时，用“倍数＋比较级＋than”结构。
如：Yur rm is three times bigger than mine.
3. 形容词/副词最高级的用法
(1)表示“……中最……之一”时，用“ne f＋the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”结构，如：
It's really ne f the mst amazing things n the earth！这真的是地球上最神奇的事情之一！
(2)三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用形容词/副词最高级。在最高级的句型中，句末常跟一个amng，in或f短语来表示范围。形容词最高级前通常加定冠词the，副词最高级前一般不加the。如：
Helen is the yungest persn in her family.海伦是她家里年龄最小的。
(3)表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行比较时，用“Which/Wh＋动词＋(the)最高级， A, B r C？”。如：Which seasn d yu like best, spring, summer r autumn? 你最喜欢哪一个季节，春天、夏天还是秋天？
(4)形容词最高级前加序数词构成“the＋序数词＋形容词最高级＋可数名词单数”，表示“第几最……”。 如：The Yellw River is the secnd lngest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河。
形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格修饰时，此时不能再用定冠词。如：
She is my best friend. 她是我最好的朋友。
4. 形容词和副词比较等级的变化规则
(1)规则变化：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①单音节词和少数双音节词,直接在词尾加­er，­est yung→yunger→yungest
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②以不发音的字母e结尾的加­r，­st. large→larger→largest
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③单音节词和少数双音节词以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，则双写这个辅音字母，再加­er，­est. big→ bigger →biggest .
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i，再加­er，­est. happy →happier →happiest.
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤多音节词和部分双音节词,在原级前加mre, the mst
imprtant → mre imprtant → the mst imprtant.
不规则变化:
同步练习：
( )1. The Nile is ne f the rivers in the wrld.
A. lng B. lnger C. lngest D. mst lngest
( )2. After tw years' physical training, he was and healthier.
A. weaker B. lnger C. strnger D. shrter
( )3.It's said that the year 2016 is the ever.
A. warm B. warmth C. warmer D. warmest
( )4. Staying with families and friends is ne f things in the wrld.
A. the happiest B. happier C. the happy D. happiest
( )5.The weather is becming .
A. htter and htter B. mre ht and ht
C. hter and hter D. mre and mre ht
词汇
用法
例句
already
常用于肯定句
I have already sent her the invitatin.
yet
常用于否定句或疑问句句末
He hasn't cme yet.
still
常用于肯定句或疑问句，表示某事还在进行
It's very cld utside. But they are still wrking.
用法及结构
例句
A＝B：as＋原级＋as
Teenagers ften think they shuld be allwed t practice their hbbies as much as they want.
A≠B：nt＋as/s＋原级＋as
I can nt type as/s fast as my brther.
倍数：倍数＋as＋原级＋as
My rm is twice as big as his.
原级
比较级
最高级
gd/well
better
best
bad/badly
wrse
wrst
many/much
mre
mst
little
less
least
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
ld
lder/elder
ldest/eldest