2022北京朝阳区高三下学期一模英语试卷含答案

2022北京朝阳高三一模

英语

第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30 分）

第一节（共10 小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Jeff Jensen was suffering from painful nerve damage in his leg and foot. He needed surgery, but he doubted if he could _____1_____it, even with insurance. “There’s nothing more _____2_____than seeing a bill for 18, 20, 24,000 dollars and going,” said Jensen.

Luckily for Jensen, his doctor is Demetrio Aguila. The nerve specialist gives patients at his Healing Hands of Nebraska in Papillion the___3___to pay for surgery through community service instead of money. He calls it M25 Program. At the heart of his vision was the simple___4___ of people helping people.

Using an algorithm (算法) , the clinic calculates community service hours based on the price of the surgery. In Jensen’s case, the $12,000 operation equaled 560 hours of____5____at one of the local charitable organizations registered with the M25 Program. Jensen opted for the community service. Since hundreds of hours of community service would be___6___, Aguila encouraged others to help, and he___7___involved himself in it. “I had this hope that we would rekindle (重新激起) the enthusiasm for ________8________in our neighbors and in ourselves,” he told CNN.

Jensen, whose surgery was completed in February 2020, was helped by more than 100 friends and strangers who freely offered to help at Orphan Grain Train, which donates food, clothing, and medicine nationally and globally.

“We can’t___9___the people in our own backyard,” said Aguila. “And we want to help more people like Jensen who have lost hope medically. If people come together to help other people, then our community is _______10_______.”

1. A. buy B. afford C. book D. accept

2. A. depressing B. shameful C. confusing D. dangerous

3. A. schedule B. investment C. instruction D. option

4. A. judgment B. curiosity C. beauty D. interest

5. A. helping out B. moving about C. hanging around D. working out

6. A. exciting B. boring C. tough D. enjoyable

7. A. even B. almost C. still D. rather

8. A. training B. understanding C. learning D. volunteering

9. A. trouble B. cheat C. ignore D. hurt

10. A. served B. lifted C. tested D. awarded

【1~10题答案】

【答案】1. B    2. A    3. D    4. C    5. A    6. C    7. A    8. D    9. C    10. B

第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分, 共 15 分）

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在 给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

A

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在 给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Do you take music and art classes? These classes, which are part of a group of classes often ___11___ (know) as arts education, allow students to learn new things in a creative way. Many people believe arts education _____12_____(play) an important part in the lives of students. However, when schools need to save money, music and art programs____13____(cut) in most cases. This is because  some people believe they matter less than other classes. Different opinions about music and art can affect the future of arts education, so it’s important to understand these points of view.

【11~13题答案】

【答案】11. known   

12. plays    13. are cut

B

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在 给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

The name of Sorrento, a coastal town in Italy, had been put deep in my soul for a long time, mainly through hearing various_____14_____(performance) of the song “Come back to Sorrento”. After consideration, I finally_____15_____(pay) a visit to Sorrento during the summer vacation. The town was considerably popular for American weddings and traditional food. One evening, while____16____(wander) on the street, I was attracted by a house. A proud citizen told me that was the restaurant____17____Sophia Loren, the famous actress, once dined. Perhaps what impressed me most about Sorrento was their lemons. The fruit provided the raw materials for lemon soaps on sale everywhere.

【14~17题答案】

【答案】14. performances   

15. paid    16. wandering   

17. where

C

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在 给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Athletes are not only competitors, but good friends—that’s a main attraction of the Olympics. That’s _______18_______ athletes send best wishes to their competitors, even if they have themselves lost. As competitors they compete for gold, but as friends they work together to challenge limits. The hugs received from other competitors are always remarked in the Games because the true Olympic spirit is______19______ victory and national boundaries. Winning a medal is definitely important, but one needs a golden heart to cope with all the difficulties on the field and still congratulate their competitors. That’s what makes the Olympics________20________ (attract).

【18~20题答案】

【答案】18. why   

19. beyond    20. attractive

第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38 分）

第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上 将该项涂黑。

A

Now you can create your own streaming videos with ATEM devices! Simply connect your cameras, computers or microphones. Then push the buttons on the panel to switch video sources just like a professional broadcaster! You can even add titles, picture-in-picture overlays and mix audio! Then livestream to Zoom, Skype or YouTube!

➢ATEM Mini

ATEM Mini is a new and low-cost live production switcher. All the buttons are positioned on the front panel so it’s very easy to learn. With ATEM Mini, you can create your own videos. There are 4 HDMI (高清多媒体接口) video inputs for connecting cameras and computers, plus a USB output that looks like a web camera so you can connect to Zoom or Skype. Besides, ATEM Mini is a really professional broadcast switcher, which means it has professional effects such as a DVE (Digital Video Effect) for picture-in-picture effects commonly used for explaining computer slides. There are titles for presenter names, wipe effects switching between sources and a green screen keyer (键控器) for replacing background with pictures. ATEM Software Control for Mac and PC is also included, which allows access to more advanced broadcast features!

➢ATEM Mini Pro

The ATEM Mini Pro model includes all the features found in ATEM Mini, plus more! It has a built-in hardware streaming engine for livestreaming via its Ethernet (以太网) connection. This means you can livestream to YouTube, Facebook and Twitter in much better quality and with perfectly smooth motion. You can even connect a hard disk or flash storage to the USB connection and record your stream for upload later! Moreover, with so many cameras, computers and effects, things can get busy fast! The ATEM Mini Pro model features a multiview that lets you see all cameras, titles and programs, plus streaming and recording status all on a single TV or monitor.

If you want to learn more, visit www.blackmagicdesign.com.

21. With ATEM devices, you can________.

A. exchange video sources with others B. take pictures and turn them into videos

C. livestream on social media platforms D. compete with a professional broadcaster

22. According to the passage, ATEM Mini Pro________.

A. has more user-friendly buttons

B. features more HDMI video inputs

C. can change the background of a picture

D. can display several views on a single screen

23. Where does the passage most probably come from?

A. A book review. B. A travel journal.

C. A science magazine. D. A research report.

【21~23题答案】

【答案】21. C    22. D    23. C

B

I first discovered the Little Free Library concept while being on a 2015 vacation in Santa Barbara, California. I fell in love with the idea of free literature-sharing boxes posted at the edges of parks and along sidewalks in neighbourhoods. And because our home was already filled with mountainous piles of books, my husband wasn’t the least bit surprised when I suggested starting a Little Free Library of our own. In our garden shed (棚) , we filled the shelves with books from our personal collection. Over the next two months, strangers discovered our Little Free Library and began their regular visit.

My love of reading dates back to 1970, when I studied in a three-room primary schoolhouse on a dirt road. One day, I accidentally came to the basement library and I was fascinated by the picture books. Unfortunately, the books were later thrown away when the school discovered the basement was full of mould (霉). Happily, weeks later, a truck arrived with a trailer—which, with the help of our county’s public library, had been transformed into a paradise (乐土) for those who enjoyed reading. Now I still remember the floor-to-ceiling shelves and the carpeted benches in it. Every time I left, I wrote my name on several sign-out cards, which were filled with names of children from neighbouring schools. We liked the same books and, although we never met, I considered them friends.

At the beginning of the first COVID-19 lockdown, our Little Free Library began to include children’s stories. I witnessed mothers lifting their children for a look into the library. Walkers included our street in their route so they could check for new offerings. Some folks routinely drove from several blocks away to visit. From time to time, visitors filled shelves with literary fiction, romances, poetry and a range of non-fiction. I smiled when people met me in the yard and commented that our Little Free Library was like a bird feeder.

We remain grateful that we have kept our Little Free Library open. It has become an alternative means of creating a community of people with mutual regard for humanity and the written word. We are together even when apart.

24. What inspired the author to start the Little Free Library?

A. Her large collection of books. B. An experience during a vacation.

C. Her husband’s encouragement. D. Strangers’ visit to her garden shed.

25. From the passage, we can learn that________.

A. neighbouring schools donated books to the Little Free Library

B. the author’s enthusiasm for reading started from her childhood

C. children wrote their names on the sign-out cards to meet friends

D. the county’s public library became a perfect place for book lovers

26. People considered the Little Free Library a bird feeder because________.

A. it provided food for thought B. it attracted birds for shelter

C. visitors could feed birds here D. people could exchange books here

【24~26题答案】

【答案】24. B    25. B    26. A

C

Both misinformation, which includes honest mistakes, and disinformation, which involves an intention to mislead, have had a growing impact on teenage students over the past 20 years. One tool that schools can use to deal with this problem is called media literacy education. The idea is to teach teenage students how to evaluate and think critically about the messages they receive. Yet there is profound disagreement about what to teach.

Some approaches teach students to distinguish the quality of the information in part by learning how responsible journalism works. Yet some scholars argue that these methods overstate journalism and do little to cultivate critical thinking skills. Other approaches teach students methods for evaluating the credibility of news and information sources, in part by determining the incentive of those sources. They teach students to ask: What encouraged them to create it and why? But even if these approaches teach students specific skills well, some experts argue that determining credibility of the news is just the first step. Once students figure out if it’s true or false, what is the other assessment and the other analysis they need to do?

Worse still, some approaches to media literacy education not only don’t work but might actually backfire by increasing students’ skepticism about the way the media work. Students may begin to read all kinds of immoral motives into everything. It is good to educate students to challenge their assumptions, but it’s very easy for students to go from healthy critical thinking to unhealthy skepticism and the idea that everyone is lying all the time.

To avoid these potential problems, broad approaches that help students develop mindsets in which they become comfortable with uncertainty are in need. According to educational psychologist William Perry of Harvard University, students go through various stages of learning. First, children are black-and-white thinkers—they think there are right answers and wrong answers. Then they develop into relativists, realizing that knowledge can be contextual. This stage is the one where people can come to believe there is no truth. With media literacy education, the aim is to get students to the next level—that place where they can start to see and appreciate the fact that the world is messy, and that’s okay. They have these fundamental approaches to gathering knowledge that they can accept, but they still value uncertainty.

Schools still have a long way to go before they get there, though. Many more studies will be needed for researchers to reach a comprehensive understanding of what works and what doesn’t over the long term. “Education scholars need to take an ambitious step forward,” says Howard Schneider, director of the Center for News Literacy at Stony Brook University.

27. As for media literacy education, what is the author’s major concern?

A. How to achieve its goal. B. How to measure its progress.

C. How to avoid its side effects. D. How to promote its importance.

28. What does the underlined word “incentive” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A. Importance. B. Variety. C. Motivation. D. Benefit.

29. The author mentions stages of learning in Paragraph 4 mainly to________.

A. compare different types of thinking

B. evaluate students’ mind development

C. explain a theory of educational psychology

D. stress the need to raise students’ thinking levels

30. Which would be the best title for this passage?

A. Media Literacy Education: Much Still Remains

B. Media Literacy Education: Schools Are to Blame

C. Media Literacy Education: A Way to Identify False Information

D Media Literacy Education: A Tool for Testing Critical Thinking

【27~30题答案】

【答案】27. A    28. C    29. D    30. A

D

How much time do you spend doing research before you make a big decision? There are people who go over every detail exhaustively before making a choice, and it is certainly possible to overthink things. But a fair number of individuals are quick to jump to conclusions. Psychologists call the latter a mental bias (偏见). In this case, the error is making a call based on the least of evidence.

A research by Carmen Sanchez, a professor at the University of Illinois, and David Dunning, a professor at the University of Michigan, has found that hasty judgments are often just one part of larger error-prone patterns in behavior and thinking. These patterns have costs. People who tend to make such jumps in their reasoning often choose a bet in which they have low chances of winning instead of one where their chances are much better.

To study jumping, researchers did an experiment to examine decision-making patterns among 600 people from the general population. They applied a thinking game, in which players encountered someone who was fishing from one of two lakes: in one lake, most of the fish were red; in the other, most were gray. The fisher would catch one fish at a time and stop only when players thought they could say which lake was being fished. Some players had to see many fish before making a decision. Others—the jumpers—stopped after only one or two. Participants were also asked questions to learn more about their thought patterns. It was found that the fewer fish a player waited to see, the more errors that individual made in other types of beliefs, reasoning and decisions.

So what is behind jumping? Researchers commonly distinguish between two pathways of thought: automatic, known as system l, which reflects ideas that come to the mind easily, spontaneously and without effort; and controlled, or system 2, consisting of effortful reasoning that is analytic, mindful and intentional. It was found that jumpers and non-jumpers were equally influenced by automatic thoughts. The jumpers, however, did not engage in controlled reasoning to the same degree as non-jumpers. It is system 2 thinking that helps people counterbalance mental biases introduced by system 1. A lack of system 2 thinking is also more broadly connected to their problematic beliefs and faulty reasoning.

In everyday life, the question of whether we should think things through or instead go with our heart is a frequent and important one. Recent studies show that even gathering just a little bit more evidence may help us avoid a major mistake. Sometimes the most important decision we make can be to take some more time before making a choice.

31. What is the main idea of the first two paragraphs?

A. Overthinking things is a mental bias.

B. Evidence is a necessity for judgments.

C. Jumping results from a wish to win a bet.

D. Jumpers have a tendency to a mental mistake.

32. What can we learn from the experiment?

A. Jumpers caught more fish than non-jumpers.

B. Non-jumpers gave quicker answers than jumpers.

C. Non-jumpers tended to see more fish before naming the lake.

D. People who saw fewer fish made fewer mistakes in reasoning.

33. According to the passage, in which situation is system 2 engaged more?

A. After comparing different brands and models, David purchased a car.

B. On hearing that the Apollo moon landings were faked, Mia believed it.

C. Seeing the dirty windows of a restaurant, Mary decided its food was bad.

D. When picking a doctor, Jim merely accepted the recommendation from a friend.

34. What does the author intend to tell us?

A. To reflect on our thought patterns regularly.

B. To think twice before we make our decisions.

C. To realize the consequences of faulty reasoning.

D. To adopt two pathways of thought before acting.

【31~34题答案】

【答案】31. D    32. C    33. A    34. B

第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Pets are like our family members and their good health is something that is very important to all pet owners. Just as the pollutants, such as carbon monoxide (一氧化物) and carbon dioxide in the air, affect our health, these same environmental nasties can affect our pets too.

______35______57% of dogs exposed to higher pollution levels developed brain diseases and showed signs of neuro problems. In a more recent study from the journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, researchers found that cats with breathing problems were more likely to live in households with higher indoor air pollution.

Air purifiers have been brought into use in recent years. They work to remove harmful chemicals known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other environmental pollutants from the air._____36_____But are they safe for pets? How can we ensure that they aren’t harming our furry friends?

_____37_____The physical safety of using a mechanical device around pets is what we have to pay attention to. Air purifiers come in various shapes and sizes, from small desk-top units to large, free-standing models. In terms of physical harm, there is an existing risk of our pet becoming trapped in the electrical wire of our air purifier. Air purifiers are designed to be used in the home around children and their internal mechanisms should also be safe from small tails of our pets and other parts of their bodies. ______38______

Whether the air purifier improves or damages the health of our animals is also something we have to consider. The air purifiers are safe for pets, but only if they do not produce any ozone (臭氧) byproduct.____39____We should always stay away from the ones that produce even minimal quantities. We are always on the safe side by picking a standard air purifier with the classic 3-stage filtration (过滤) system of a pre-filter, HEPA filter and carbon activated filter.

Picking the wrong air purifier type can quickly make things worse for our pets. On the other hand, picking the correct air purifier can lead to a big increase in the quality of life for them.

A. At present many homes are equipped with these useful devices.

B. Before buying an air purifier, we should keep two aspects in mind.

C. Pet owners always pay close attention to the physical health of their pets.

D. Even the smallest pets shouldn’t be able to access the insides of air purifiers.

E This greatly depends on the type of air purifier and air cleaning technology used.

F So always check the product specifications and try to find a model that does not produce any carbon monoxide.

G. A 2008 study published in Brain and Cognition showed that dogs’ brains were negatively affected by the heavy pollution levels.

【35~39题答案】

【答案】35. G    36. A    37. B    38. D    39. E

第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32 分）

第一节 （共 4 小题；第 40、41 题各 2 分，第 42 题 3 分，第 43 题 5 分，共 12 分）

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

Many parents are watchful about their kids’ use of electronic devices and set strict limits for them to protect their children from the potentially harmful effects of too much screen time. But parents may be overlooking another device-related danger — secondhand screen time. It’s meant to mirror the danger in regard to secondhand smoking. When parents are distracted by an electronic device and only give partial attention to their children, the kids are actually suffering from its influence.

Secondhand screen time can bring negative consequences. Kids, whose parents spend too much time with their devices, are more likely to develop addictive behaviours with devices as they grow. Excessive (过度的) device use also sends the message that the device and activities on it are more important than the children. This can lead to a breakdown in the parent-child relationship. When parents are absorbed in their devices, they may not realize their children are exposed to violent or mature content or fast-moving images that are overly stimulating for young brains.

Secondhand screen time is an issue parents need to be aware of regardless of their children’s age. Parents can take the following tips to reduce its impact.

➢Focus on quality time

A child’s cognitive, communication, social and emotional development happens via their relationships with their care providers. The more time parents spend looking at electronics, the less time they can devote to giving the kids their full attention. This doesn’t mean parents should never use devices when they are together with their children. Parents need to be aware of how often they are fully engaged with their children without devices and make sure they offer quality interaction and attention.

➢Set an example

Parents often tell kids it’s important to control device use, but if their experience with parents from early age is watching parents use devices frequently, children are much more likely to follow that model. By setting a good example, parents are sending to their kids the message “do as I do”, which is more effective than “do as I say”.

40. What is secondhand screen time according to the passage?

41. What problems does secondhand screen time bring to children?

42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.

➢Excessive device use gets in the way of maintaining a good parent-child relationship, so parents should never use devices in the presence of their children.

43. Apart from the tips mentioned in the passage, what other ways can you think of to reduce secondhand screen time? (In about 40 words)

【40~43题答案】

【答案】40. It is a device-related danger that children experience when parents are distracted by an electronic device and only give partial attention to their children.   

41. Secondhand screen time can cause addictive behaviours, a breakdown in the parent-child relationship and exposure to overly stimulating content.   

42. ➢ Excessive device use gets in the way of maintaining a good parent-child relationship, so  parents should never use devices in the presence of their children.

According to the passage, it’s not that parents should never use devices when a child is present. Parents just need to be aware of how often they are fully engaged with their children without devices.   

43. Parents can install a software on their phones that can control how much time they spend on the devices. At the set time, their devices will automatically turn off, thus reducing the effect of secondhand screen time on their children.
 

第二节（20 分）

44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校英国交换生Jim在给你的邮件中提到他想报名参加主题为“魅力中国”(Charming China)的网络短视频大赛，向你征求创意，请你给 Jim回信，内容包括：

1. 推荐拍摄内容；

2. 说明推荐理由。

注意：1．词数 100  左右；

2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Jim,

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

【44题答案】

【答案】Dear Jim,

I’m glad to know that you are going to take part in the short video contest “Charming China”, and I’d like to share some of my ideas with you.

Maybe you can make a video about the Shougang Big Air Venue, which now provides recreational activities for the public after the Winter Olympics. There you can experience driverless vehicles. Those cute autonomous cars, which integrate artificial intelligence, 5G and Beidou technologies, are used to transport visitors, sell and deliver goods and conduct security patrols. You will impress your audience by filming the vehicles rapidly and accurately reach users and destinations, saving manpower and time.

I’m sure your work will be absolutely eye-catching and prize-winning! Looking forward to your good news!

Yours,

Li Hua