还剩52页未读，
继续阅读
人教版新目标中考语法讲解 名 词课件PPT
展开
这是一份人教版新目标中考语法讲解 名 词课件PPT，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了考点攻略，语篇运用，易错集训，备考训练等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第一部分 语法专题
第一节 名 词
分析广东近几年的中考真题可知，名词(尤其是可数名词)为每年的必考点，主要出现在语法选择、完形填空和短文填空中。
可数名词及其单复数1．可数名词由单数变复数的规则变化
2.可数名词由单数变复数的不规则变化
3.有些名词通常以复数形式出现，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。如：chpsticks, glasses, scissrs, trusers, clthes, shrts, shes等。但如果被a pair f修饰，谓语动词用单数形式(加量词时，口诀：【有量看量】)。如：My glasses are brken.我的眼镜坏了。This pair f shes is very beautiful. 这双鞋子很好看。
4．集合名词：是一种可用来指称一群对象的词，而这些对象，可以是人、动物或是某一抽象概念。(1)有些集合名词的形式为单数，但意义永远为复数，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。如：plice, peple, cattle(牛，牲畜), staff(工作人员)等。The plice have fund the missing girl.警察已经找到了这名失踪的女孩。
(2)有些集合名词的形式为单数，但意义可以表示单数(指整体时)也可以表示复数(常指个体成员在做某事时)。如：family, team, class, audience(听众), ppulatin, grup等。My family lives n the third flr. 我家住在三楼。My family are watching TV. 我的家人们正在看电视。Tip: peple意为“人；人们”时，作复数；意为“民族”时，为可数名词，复数形式为peples。
5．有些词的形式为复数，但意义为单数，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。如：新(新闻news)、政(政治plitic)、数(数学maths)、物(物理physics)等。Is maths yur favrite subject? 数学是你最喜欢的科目吗？Tip: 复数形式表示特殊含义。如：times时代；drinks饮料；waters水域；wds森林。
6．由两个名词组成的复合名词变复数时，常把最后一个名词变复数。但第一个名词若是man/wman时，两个名词都要变复数。如：a girl student→tw girl students an apple tree→tw apple treesa man driver→tw men drivers a wman dctr→tw wmen dctrs
7．可数名词“量”的表达方法 (1)与不定冠词a/an或基数词连用，如： an egg 一个鸡蛋；three days 三天 (2)用“基数词/不定冠词＋计量词＋f＋可数名词复数”，如： a bag f ptates 一袋土豆；tw bxes f bananas 两箱香蕉
1．The (leaf) were starting t fall. 2．Their (dictinary) lk new.3．Can yu see tw (sheep) eating grass ver there?4．There are tw (Japanese) and three ___________ (German) in the ftball club.5．(2021重庆A卷改编)There are many (wman) teachers in this primary schl.
dictinaries
不可数名词1．常见的不可数名词
金木水火土，米面茶肉布，全都不可数，可要记清楚。(气体、液体、不规则物体多为不可数)
2．有些名词在表达不同的意义时可以作可数和不可数名词。如：
3.不可数名词“量”的表达方法 (1)不可数名词一般没有单复数的变化，不能直接与不定冠词a/an或基 数词连用。 (2)基数词＋计量词＋f＋不可数名词，变复数时把表示数量“一”的 a/an/ne变为具体的数词，计量词变为复数形式。常见的计量词有 piece, bag, glass, bttle, cup, bwl, drp(滴)等。如： a bwl f water 一碗水；tw cups f tea 两杯茶
(3)few和a few修饰可数名词复数；little和a little修饰不可数名词。Tip: 可修饰可数名词的词有： many; many a/an(许多); several; a number f。 可修饰不可数名词的词有： much; t much; a bit f(少量), a great deal f(许多；大量的)。 既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的词有：a lt f; lts f; all; sme; any; mre; mst; plenty f; a large quantity f(大 量的); enugh。
6．(2018广东改编)The three upstairs are t small t have enugh fr a duble bed. (rm)7．(2017广东改编)Daniel has tried t lse by eating less recently, but tw kils has been put n instead.8．(2016广东改编)The brken (glass) may cut int yur hand if yu tuch it. Yu shuld be careful.
9．I've gt a “C” in the English test. Can yu give me sme (advice)?10．If yu like smething sweet, yu can put a little (sugar) int the tea. It may taste delicius.
名词所有格1．'s所有格
2.f 所有格 (1)表示无生命的名词的所属关系时，常用f所有格来表示。如果名词 后面有一个较长的定语，也可以用f所有格来表示。如： the legs f the chair 椅子的腿；the cver f the bk 书的封面 They have the supprt f the peple f the develping cuntries. 他们得到了发展中国家人民的支持。
(2)f所有格可与's所有格转换。如： the name f the girl＝the girl's name 这个女孩的名字； China's ppulatin＝the ppulatin f China 中国的人口Tip: 若是与人的活动密切相关的名词，既可用's所有格，也可用f所 有格。
3．双重所有格 双重所有格，是指名词所有格或名词性物主代词同f构成的所有格， 即“f＋名词所有格”或“f＋名词性物主代词”。如： a pht f my father's我父亲的一张照片； a friend f mine 我的一个朋友
双重所有格有以下特征：(1)“f＋名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人，不能表示事物。如： (√)a nvel f Shakespeare's 莎士比亚的一部小说 (×)a leg f a table's(2)“f＋名词所有格”中的名词必须是特指的，不能是泛指的。如： (√)a friend f the dctr's 这位医生的一个朋友 (×)a nvel f a Writer’s
易错点： f 所有格与双重所有格的区别(1)Annie is a friend f Emily. 安妮是埃米莉的朋友。(强调是朋友关 系，不是其他关系)(2)Annie is a friend f Emily's. 安妮是埃米莉的一个朋友。(指多个 朋友中的一个)(3)Annie is a friend f Emily's brther's. 安妮是埃米莉的哥哥的一 个朋友。
(4)This is a pht f my mther's. 这是我妈妈的一张照片。(照片上 的人是我的妈妈)(5)This is a pht f my mther. 这是我妈妈的一张照片。(照片为我 妈妈所有，但是照片上的人不一定是我妈妈)
4．特殊形式(1)对于带有连字符的已转化为形容词的复合名词作定语时，不用所有格 形式，如： a tenminute walk ＝ ten minutes' walk 10分钟的路程； a twmeterdeep hle 一个两米深的洞
Tip: a/an＋基数词＋连字符“－”＋minute/meter/… ＋名词＝基数 词(>1)＋minutes'/meters'/… ＋名词 共同特征都是最后有名词，不同点是有连字符 “－”无撇“‘”； 如果最后都没有名词，则无连字符也无撇，如：ten minutes。
(2)t所有格(固定搭配)，意为“……的”，如： the key t my rm 我的房间的钥匙； the answer t the questin问题的答案 the ticket t the cncert 音乐会的票； the way t success成功之路
11．(2014广东改编)Katherine was excited t receive a dzen f rses frm her husband n (wman) Day.12．(2021青海西宁改编)—What a clean and tidy rm! —Yes. It's (Tina and Nina) rm.13．Nbdy thught it was easy t finish s much wrk in tw (day) time.
Tina and Nina's
专有名词专有名词是表示人、地方、事物等特有的名词，它的第一个字母一般要大写。
14． is the sixth mnth f a year.15．Cindy is very excited because she will g t (Australian) with her parents next mnth.
名词词义辨析分析广东近五年的中考真题可知，名词词义辨析为每年的必考点，主要出现在完形填空中。以下是广东常考的名词归纳：Aadvantage 优势；优点age 年龄animal 动物
Bbee 蜜蜂bird 鸟business 商业；生意；公司
Ccause 原因；起因chance 机会change 变化clr 颜色cnditin 条件
Ddecisin 决定，抉择dialgue 对话discvery 发现；发觉dream 梦想
Eexcitement 激动；兴奋experience 经历；经验Iidea 想法；主意instructin 用法说明；指示interest 兴趣
Jjb工作Kkind 种类kiss 亲吻
Lletter 信library 图书馆life 生活lk 表情；相貌
Mmethd 方法mney 钱
Ppeple 人；人们practice 训练；练习prblem 问题，难题prject 项目；方案prmise 许诺；承诺purpse 意图；目的
Rreply 回复research 研究；调查result 结果rad 路；道路rule 规则
Sscientist 科学家secret 秘密shape 形状situatin 情况smile 微笑space 太空sprt 运动
Ttest测试；考查ticket 票truth 事实Wwar 战争
一、名词在语法选择中的运用分析广东近两年的中考语法选择可知，名词考查了1次{2021(36. birds)}，针对该考点，考生需要牢固掌握名词的主要用法。
解析：根据句式结构可知，“watch”作动词，表示“看”，后面接名词作宾语。bird鸟，单数形式；birds是bird的复数形式，bird's是bird的所有格形式，表示“鸟的”；birds'是bird的复数形式的所有格。空前没有表示单数的a/ne等，所以排除A选项，故选B。
The Smiths live in Camptn. It's an ld small twn. Grandpa Harry is 65 years ld. He likes t g fishing in the pnd with Je and play chess with sme f his 16 . The Smiths ften have grandpa's fish fr supper. Vlleyball is Je's favrite 17 . He ften plays it after schl. Je's father, Bill, is a maths teacher in Je's schl. He is interested in playing baseball. He is in the baseball team f the twn.( ) 16.A．friends B．friend C．friend's D．friends'( ) 17.A．sprt's B．sprts' C．sprt D．sprts
二、名词在完形填空中的运用 分析广东近五年的中考完形填空可知，名词考查了12次{可数名词考查了8次：2021(44.advantages), 2021(46.reply), 2020(48.change),2020(50.decisin), 2019(47.decisin), 2018(46.purpse), 2018(55.secret), 2017(46.birds)；不可数名词考查了4次：2021(45.space), 2020(46.lk), 2019(53.truth), 2017(49.research)}。针对该考点，考生需要根据上下文语境或者固定搭配，并结合选项，再采取相应的方法正确作答。
1．上下文判断法要求我们结合上下文的语境提示和暗示推测答案，不要仅靠自己的主观判断。
解析：由上文可知，Sam给太空机构写了一封信，说他想要这份工作。再结合下文可知，首先，他写道：“我的姐姐(妹妹)说我像个外星人。”，然后他又说他看了几乎所有的……他的最后一句话可能会触动人心：“我很年轻，所以我可以学着像外星人一样思考。”由此推断，Sam在信中介绍了自己的优势。dream梦想；prblem问题；discvery发现；advantage优势。故选D。
2．词汇复现法词汇复现法是指文章中的某一词以原词、同义词、近义词、反义词等形式出现在语篇中，语篇中的句子通过词汇的复现达到互相衔接。
解析：由上文可知，许多孩子对太空着迷。上周，一个太空机构告诉大众……空处所在句子的句意为“Sam又说他看了几乎所有的他能找到的太空电影”，上文的space为原词复现。war战争；rad道路；space太空；sprt运动。故选C。
Skatebarding seems like a sprt fr bys. But teenager Brightn Zeuner in the US has shwn that 18 can skate, t. She wn the wmen's skatebarding cmpetitin at the first Vans Park Series Wrld Champinships in Sweden. ( )18.A．girls B．bys C．children D．teenagers
三、名词在短文填空中的运用分析广东近五年中考短文填空可知，名词考查了7次{可数名词考查了5次：2021(73.letters), 2020(71.idea), 2019(75.animals), 2017(77.changes), 2017(80.kinds)；不可数名词考查了2次：2020(70.mney), 2019(79.life)}。名词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语和补语等成分。针对该考点，考生要先分析句式结构，判断空处所填名词是可数名词还是不可数名词，若是可数名词，要注意辨别单复数，还要注意常见的固定搭配。
1．上下文判断法(1)在动词后作宾语解析：由空前的“raise”可知，空处所填单词作宾语。由下文可知，Jane在一周内挣了52美元，再结合下文“mney”可知，她们应该是想筹“钱”来帮助她们的朋友。故空处填mney。
(2)在介词后作宾语解析：由“f”可知，空处所填单词作宾语。such as意为“例如”，由“cats”和“birds”可知，这些都是动物，所以空处所在句的句意应该是有很多“动物”的画”，animal“动物”，是可数名词，故填animals。
解析：由空前的“frtyseven”可知，空处应填可数名词的复数。由下文“letters”可知，应该是老潘的新书包含了他写给美国家人的47封“信”。故空处填letters。
解析：由空前的“an”可知，空处应填一个以元音音素开头的可数名词。由下文可知，Jane在妈妈的帮助下，摆好了第一个柠檬水摊。“摆柠檬水摊”应该是Jane想出来的一个“主意”。idea“主意”，名词。结合短语cme up with“想出；提出”可知，空处应填idea。
解析：由空前的“many”可知，空处应填可数名词的复数。由上文“如果我们不做出改变，我们的家人就会变得彼此陌生！”可知，上文的“change”为“重复出现”，故空处填changes。
2．固定搭配法解析：live a/an＋adj.＋life意为“过着……的生活”，是固定搭配，故空处填life。
解析：all kinds f意为“各种各样的”，是固定搭配，故空处填kinds。
附：常见的名词固定搭配
In 1960, Yuan Lngping saw many peple die f 19.______， s he made a decisin t d sme research int a new kind f rice—hybrid rice. S far, ver 100 20. in Asia, Africa and America have grwn hybrid rice.
一、名词单复数易错点。1．I usually d a lt f t imprve my math，and take lts f t keep healthy. (exercise)2．Be patient, Jack. We have enugh t finish this prject and we can practice tgether at least tw a day. (time)3．My grandma raises several in her yard and we can eat _________ a few mnths later. (chicken)
4．Mr. Green is a teacher with five years' . He thinks teaching in the village was a happy . (experience)5．We need t put up sme in the ffice. I think the ______ here is nt bright enugh. (light)
二、名词所有格易错点。6．父亲节___________ 7．儿童节_______________ 8．我妻子的一个朋友 _____________________ 9．(2021贵州安顺改编)The mvie named A Little Red Flwer shws (parent) lve fr their children.
Father's Day
Children's Day
a friend f my wife's
1．(2021湖北襄阳改编)China is making an effrt t help mre develping fight against COVID19.2．(2021湖北武汉改编)The idim(成语)“Mengzi's mther makes three mves” tells f mther wh did all she culd t prvide the best fr her child. 3．(2021湖南湘潭改编)Zhang Guimei is an unusual teacher. She set up the first free (girl) high schl in 2008.
envirnment
4．It's necessary fr us t brush ur three times a day in rder t keep fit.5．Peple express thanks n Day. On that day，all peple have supper with their family tgether.They like t eat turkey and share sme fruits with family members.6．—There are many in my shp.Hw culd I get rid f them? —Why dn't yu keep a cat?
Thanksgiving
7．—Peter，hw far is it frm yur hme t schl?—It's nly five walk.8．—What's yur brther's ？—It's abut 1.80 meters.He's the tallest in his class.9．—I have a tthache these days.I dn't feel like eating anything. —Yu shuld g t see a ．10．—Mum，must I be a teacher like yu when I grw up? —N，yu needn't.Yu can make yur wn ．
decisin/chice
一、语法选择(2021广州铁一中学三模改编) I am a father f tw little bys. That day, I packed my luggage and was ready t leave fr my 1 business trip. My mind had been filled with wrk and with t many small things t deal with. I'd been preparing 2 the trip the last few days, and nw I'd be away fr a few days.
As I gt int the car t leave, my 3 turned t my children. Hw t keep in tuch with kids during busy time is ften a 4 prblem. Men like t fcus n ne thing exactly well fr lng perids, but this may lead t truble. Thinking frm wrk t yur family life isn’t always a(n) 5 thing t d. And if yu dn’t shw yur kids that yu’re thinking abut 6 , they may think that yu are nt.
As I drve dwn the rad, I suddenly stpped the car and 7 arund. I drve back t my huse, fund a cuple f cards, and wrte a shrt message t each f my children. I put each in a “secret” place where I knew they’d find it. When I called the next night, I knew 8 they’d received the cards. “Daddy, I gt yur card,” they bth said 9 . “When did yu d that?”
My heart was warmed when I heard this. It was such 10 small thing. But it had a big impact n my kids. It was their “prf” that I was thinking abut them. And it was encuragement fr me t cntinue t d the small things which have a big impact.
( )1.A．twdays B．twday's C．tw day's D．tw days'( ) B．f C．t D．abut( ) B．thughtful C．thinking D．thughts
( )4.A．father B．fathers C．father's D．fathers'( )5.A．easy B．easiness C．mst easy D．easily ( )6.A．they B．them C．themselves D．their
( )7.A．had turned B．was turning C．turns D．turned( )8.A．what B．wh C．that D．whether( )9.A．excite B．excited C．excitedly D．excitement( )10.A．/ B．a C．an D．the
二、完形填空(2021广州华侨外国语测试卷改编) This mrning I gt an email frm Ry. It seems that my by really enjys his new 1 at Harvard University. It made me think f the day we mved int this huse.
Little Ry ran arund the new huse 2 and tried t mve his wn things—his tys and bks int the huse. Suddenly his little hand kncked ver a bttle f paint n the shelf. The paint made the tidy flr and white wall a terrible mess. “Oh, my Gd！” My wife rushed in angrily. I lked at my sn, and his small face was filled with 3 ．
I 4 and held his hand, “Take it easy, Ry. Nw let's d smething t make it lk 5 ．” I tk ut a 6 . “Yu see, Dad is a magician. I can change it int a big tree，” I said, as I started painting tree n the wall.
His mther sn helped paint sme butterflies and flwers n the wall. We spent the whle afternn 7 and laughing. The wall became a beautiful frest with plants, birds and small animals. Blue sky and white cluds were painted by Ry. That day, we all knew smething 8 happened.
The night befre Ry left fr Harvard, he asked me if I still remembered the day when he kncked ver the paint. “Since then, I have never wrried abut making 9 ，” he cntinued. “I believe I can always 10 hw t slve the prblems.”
( )1.A．class B．life C．atmsphere D．relatin( )2.A．excitedly B．slwly C．angrily D．carefully( )3.A．happiness B．hpeC．fear D．anger
( )4.A．cried B．shcked C．shuted D．smiled( )5.A．nice B．bad C．wrng D．interested( )6.A．pen B．brush C．clck D．stick
( )7.A．washing B．cking C．painting D．writing( )8.A．dangerus B．bring C．difficult D．special( )9.A．mistakes B．plans C．decisins D．chices( )10.A．put ut B．hand ut C．find ut D．tk ut
三、短文填空(2021惠州惠城区一模改编) Tw years ag, I gt a jb in a ChineseCanadian cmpany in Vancuver. One day my new bss said he wuld invite 1. t have lunch t celebrate my new jb in a Chinese restaurant. “A Chinese restaurant? Chpsticks? Will I 2. a lt f mistakes?” I thught.
That evening, I spent tw whle 3. trying t learn hw t use chpsticks, but I didn't succeed. I asked my pen friend fr 4. . She patiently explained the prper way f hlding them. “Luise, it's nt 5. ，” she said. “That's easy fr yu t say，” I replied, “Yu've been eating 6. chpsticks all yur life.”
difficult/hard
The next day, when my bss tk tw cwrkers and me t 7. restaurant, he spke t the waiter in Chinese. My heart was beating fast, but then I nticed smething strange. Instead f chpsticks, we all had 8. ， frks and spns. I didn't understand at first, but then it hit me. My bss knew that I wuld have 9. with chpsticks. T save me frm embarrassment(尴尬), he had arranged fr us t be served with knives, frks and spns. I culdn't believe 10. nice he was.
truble/prblems/difficulties
第一部分 语法专题
第一节 名 词
分析广东近几年的中考真题可知，名词(尤其是可数名词)为每年的必考点，主要出现在语法选择、完形填空和短文填空中。
可数名词及其单复数1．可数名词由单数变复数的规则变化
2.可数名词由单数变复数的不规则变化
3.有些名词通常以复数形式出现，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。如：chpsticks, glasses, scissrs, trusers, clthes, shrts, shes等。但如果被a pair f修饰，谓语动词用单数形式(加量词时，口诀：【有量看量】)。如：My glasses are brken.我的眼镜坏了。This pair f shes is very beautiful. 这双鞋子很好看。
4．集合名词：是一种可用来指称一群对象的词，而这些对象，可以是人、动物或是某一抽象概念。(1)有些集合名词的形式为单数，但意义永远为复数，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。如：plice, peple, cattle(牛，牲畜), staff(工作人员)等。The plice have fund the missing girl.警察已经找到了这名失踪的女孩。
(2)有些集合名词的形式为单数，但意义可以表示单数(指整体时)也可以表示复数(常指个体成员在做某事时)。如：family, team, class, audience(听众), ppulatin, grup等。My family lives n the third flr. 我家住在三楼。My family are watching TV. 我的家人们正在看电视。Tip: peple意为“人；人们”时，作复数；意为“民族”时，为可数名词，复数形式为peples。
5．有些词的形式为复数，但意义为单数，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。如：新(新闻news)、政(政治plitic)、数(数学maths)、物(物理physics)等。Is maths yur favrite subject? 数学是你最喜欢的科目吗？Tip: 复数形式表示特殊含义。如：times时代；drinks饮料；waters水域；wds森林。
6．由两个名词组成的复合名词变复数时，常把最后一个名词变复数。但第一个名词若是man/wman时，两个名词都要变复数。如：a girl student→tw girl students an apple tree→tw apple treesa man driver→tw men drivers a wman dctr→tw wmen dctrs
7．可数名词“量”的表达方法 (1)与不定冠词a/an或基数词连用，如： an egg 一个鸡蛋；three days 三天 (2)用“基数词/不定冠词＋计量词＋f＋可数名词复数”，如： a bag f ptates 一袋土豆；tw bxes f bananas 两箱香蕉
1．The (leaf) were starting t fall. 2．Their (dictinary) lk new.3．Can yu see tw (sheep) eating grass ver there?4．There are tw (Japanese) and three ___________ (German) in the ftball club.5．(2021重庆A卷改编)There are many (wman) teachers in this primary schl.
dictinaries
不可数名词1．常见的不可数名词
金木水火土，米面茶肉布，全都不可数，可要记清楚。(气体、液体、不规则物体多为不可数)
2．有些名词在表达不同的意义时可以作可数和不可数名词。如：
3.不可数名词“量”的表达方法 (1)不可数名词一般没有单复数的变化，不能直接与不定冠词a/an或基 数词连用。 (2)基数词＋计量词＋f＋不可数名词，变复数时把表示数量“一”的 a/an/ne变为具体的数词，计量词变为复数形式。常见的计量词有 piece, bag, glass, bttle, cup, bwl, drp(滴)等。如： a bwl f water 一碗水；tw cups f tea 两杯茶
(3)few和a few修饰可数名词复数；little和a little修饰不可数名词。Tip: 可修饰可数名词的词有： many; many a/an(许多); several; a number f。 可修饰不可数名词的词有： much; t much; a bit f(少量), a great deal f(许多；大量的)。 既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的词有：a lt f; lts f; all; sme; any; mre; mst; plenty f; a large quantity f(大 量的); enugh。
6．(2018广东改编)The three upstairs are t small t have enugh fr a duble bed. (rm)7．(2017广东改编)Daniel has tried t lse by eating less recently, but tw kils has been put n instead.8．(2016广东改编)The brken (glass) may cut int yur hand if yu tuch it. Yu shuld be careful.
9．I've gt a “C” in the English test. Can yu give me sme (advice)?10．If yu like smething sweet, yu can put a little (sugar) int the tea. It may taste delicius.
名词所有格1．'s所有格
2.f 所有格 (1)表示无生命的名词的所属关系时，常用f所有格来表示。如果名词 后面有一个较长的定语，也可以用f所有格来表示。如： the legs f the chair 椅子的腿；the cver f the bk 书的封面 They have the supprt f the peple f the develping cuntries. 他们得到了发展中国家人民的支持。
(2)f所有格可与's所有格转换。如： the name f the girl＝the girl's name 这个女孩的名字； China's ppulatin＝the ppulatin f China 中国的人口Tip: 若是与人的活动密切相关的名词，既可用's所有格，也可用f所 有格。
3．双重所有格 双重所有格，是指名词所有格或名词性物主代词同f构成的所有格， 即“f＋名词所有格”或“f＋名词性物主代词”。如： a pht f my father's我父亲的一张照片； a friend f mine 我的一个朋友
双重所有格有以下特征：(1)“f＋名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人，不能表示事物。如： (√)a nvel f Shakespeare's 莎士比亚的一部小说 (×)a leg f a table's(2)“f＋名词所有格”中的名词必须是特指的，不能是泛指的。如： (√)a friend f the dctr's 这位医生的一个朋友 (×)a nvel f a Writer’s
易错点： f 所有格与双重所有格的区别(1)Annie is a friend f Emily. 安妮是埃米莉的朋友。(强调是朋友关 系，不是其他关系)(2)Annie is a friend f Emily's. 安妮是埃米莉的一个朋友。(指多个 朋友中的一个)(3)Annie is a friend f Emily's brther's. 安妮是埃米莉的哥哥的一 个朋友。
(4)This is a pht f my mther's. 这是我妈妈的一张照片。(照片上 的人是我的妈妈)(5)This is a pht f my mther. 这是我妈妈的一张照片。(照片为我 妈妈所有，但是照片上的人不一定是我妈妈)
4．特殊形式(1)对于带有连字符的已转化为形容词的复合名词作定语时，不用所有格 形式，如： a tenminute walk ＝ ten minutes' walk 10分钟的路程； a twmeterdeep hle 一个两米深的洞
Tip: a/an＋基数词＋连字符“－”＋minute/meter/… ＋名词＝基数 词(>1)＋minutes'/meters'/… ＋名词 共同特征都是最后有名词，不同点是有连字符 “－”无撇“‘”； 如果最后都没有名词，则无连字符也无撇，如：ten minutes。
(2)t所有格(固定搭配)，意为“……的”，如： the key t my rm 我的房间的钥匙； the answer t the questin问题的答案 the ticket t the cncert 音乐会的票； the way t success成功之路
11．(2014广东改编)Katherine was excited t receive a dzen f rses frm her husband n (wman) Day.12．(2021青海西宁改编)—What a clean and tidy rm! —Yes. It's (Tina and Nina) rm.13．Nbdy thught it was easy t finish s much wrk in tw (day) time.
Tina and Nina's
专有名词专有名词是表示人、地方、事物等特有的名词，它的第一个字母一般要大写。
14． is the sixth mnth f a year.15．Cindy is very excited because she will g t (Australian) with her parents next mnth.
名词词义辨析分析广东近五年的中考真题可知，名词词义辨析为每年的必考点，主要出现在完形填空中。以下是广东常考的名词归纳：Aadvantage 优势；优点age 年龄animal 动物
Bbee 蜜蜂bird 鸟business 商业；生意；公司
Ccause 原因；起因chance 机会change 变化clr 颜色cnditin 条件
Ddecisin 决定，抉择dialgue 对话discvery 发现；发觉dream 梦想
Eexcitement 激动；兴奋experience 经历；经验Iidea 想法；主意instructin 用法说明；指示interest 兴趣
Jjb工作Kkind 种类kiss 亲吻
Lletter 信library 图书馆life 生活lk 表情；相貌
Mmethd 方法mney 钱
Ppeple 人；人们practice 训练；练习prblem 问题，难题prject 项目；方案prmise 许诺；承诺purpse 意图；目的
Rreply 回复research 研究；调查result 结果rad 路；道路rule 规则
Sscientist 科学家secret 秘密shape 形状situatin 情况smile 微笑space 太空sprt 运动
Ttest测试；考查ticket 票truth 事实Wwar 战争
一、名词在语法选择中的运用分析广东近两年的中考语法选择可知，名词考查了1次{2021(36. birds)}，针对该考点，考生需要牢固掌握名词的主要用法。
解析：根据句式结构可知，“watch”作动词，表示“看”，后面接名词作宾语。bird鸟，单数形式；birds是bird的复数形式，bird's是bird的所有格形式，表示“鸟的”；birds'是bird的复数形式的所有格。空前没有表示单数的a/ne等，所以排除A选项，故选B。
The Smiths live in Camptn. It's an ld small twn. Grandpa Harry is 65 years ld. He likes t g fishing in the pnd with Je and play chess with sme f his 16 . The Smiths ften have grandpa's fish fr supper. Vlleyball is Je's favrite 17 . He ften plays it after schl. Je's father, Bill, is a maths teacher in Je's schl. He is interested in playing baseball. He is in the baseball team f the twn.( ) 16.A．friends B．friend C．friend's D．friends'( ) 17.A．sprt's B．sprts' C．sprt D．sprts
二、名词在完形填空中的运用 分析广东近五年的中考完形填空可知，名词考查了12次{可数名词考查了8次：2021(44.advantages), 2021(46.reply), 2020(48.change),2020(50.decisin), 2019(47.decisin), 2018(46.purpse), 2018(55.secret), 2017(46.birds)；不可数名词考查了4次：2021(45.space), 2020(46.lk), 2019(53.truth), 2017(49.research)}。针对该考点，考生需要根据上下文语境或者固定搭配，并结合选项，再采取相应的方法正确作答。
1．上下文判断法要求我们结合上下文的语境提示和暗示推测答案，不要仅靠自己的主观判断。
解析：由上文可知，Sam给太空机构写了一封信，说他想要这份工作。再结合下文可知，首先，他写道：“我的姐姐(妹妹)说我像个外星人。”，然后他又说他看了几乎所有的……他的最后一句话可能会触动人心：“我很年轻，所以我可以学着像外星人一样思考。”由此推断，Sam在信中介绍了自己的优势。dream梦想；prblem问题；discvery发现；advantage优势。故选D。
2．词汇复现法词汇复现法是指文章中的某一词以原词、同义词、近义词、反义词等形式出现在语篇中，语篇中的句子通过词汇的复现达到互相衔接。
解析：由上文可知，许多孩子对太空着迷。上周，一个太空机构告诉大众……空处所在句子的句意为“Sam又说他看了几乎所有的他能找到的太空电影”，上文的space为原词复现。war战争；rad道路；space太空；sprt运动。故选C。
Skatebarding seems like a sprt fr bys. But teenager Brightn Zeuner in the US has shwn that 18 can skate, t. She wn the wmen's skatebarding cmpetitin at the first Vans Park Series Wrld Champinships in Sweden. ( )18.A．girls B．bys C．children D．teenagers
三、名词在短文填空中的运用分析广东近五年中考短文填空可知，名词考查了7次{可数名词考查了5次：2021(73.letters), 2020(71.idea), 2019(75.animals), 2017(77.changes), 2017(80.kinds)；不可数名词考查了2次：2020(70.mney), 2019(79.life)}。名词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语和补语等成分。针对该考点，考生要先分析句式结构，判断空处所填名词是可数名词还是不可数名词，若是可数名词，要注意辨别单复数，还要注意常见的固定搭配。
1．上下文判断法(1)在动词后作宾语解析：由空前的“raise”可知，空处所填单词作宾语。由下文可知，Jane在一周内挣了52美元，再结合下文“mney”可知，她们应该是想筹“钱”来帮助她们的朋友。故空处填mney。
(2)在介词后作宾语解析：由“f”可知，空处所填单词作宾语。such as意为“例如”，由“cats”和“birds”可知，这些都是动物，所以空处所在句的句意应该是有很多“动物”的画”，animal“动物”，是可数名词，故填animals。
解析：由空前的“frtyseven”可知，空处应填可数名词的复数。由下文“letters”可知，应该是老潘的新书包含了他写给美国家人的47封“信”。故空处填letters。
解析：由空前的“an”可知，空处应填一个以元音音素开头的可数名词。由下文可知，Jane在妈妈的帮助下，摆好了第一个柠檬水摊。“摆柠檬水摊”应该是Jane想出来的一个“主意”。idea“主意”，名词。结合短语cme up with“想出；提出”可知，空处应填idea。
解析：由空前的“many”可知，空处应填可数名词的复数。由上文“如果我们不做出改变，我们的家人就会变得彼此陌生！”可知，上文的“change”为“重复出现”，故空处填changes。
2．固定搭配法解析：live a/an＋adj.＋life意为“过着……的生活”，是固定搭配，故空处填life。
解析：all kinds f意为“各种各样的”，是固定搭配，故空处填kinds。
附：常见的名词固定搭配
In 1960, Yuan Lngping saw many peple die f 19.______， s he made a decisin t d sme research int a new kind f rice—hybrid rice. S far, ver 100 20. in Asia, Africa and America have grwn hybrid rice.
一、名词单复数易错点。1．I usually d a lt f t imprve my math，and take lts f t keep healthy. (exercise)2．Be patient, Jack. We have enugh t finish this prject and we can practice tgether at least tw a day. (time)3．My grandma raises several in her yard and we can eat _________ a few mnths later. (chicken)
4．Mr. Green is a teacher with five years' . He thinks teaching in the village was a happy . (experience)5．We need t put up sme in the ffice. I think the ______ here is nt bright enugh. (light)
二、名词所有格易错点。6．父亲节___________ 7．儿童节_______________ 8．我妻子的一个朋友 _____________________ 9．(2021贵州安顺改编)The mvie named A Little Red Flwer shws (parent) lve fr their children.
Father's Day
Children's Day
a friend f my wife's
1．(2021湖北襄阳改编)China is making an effrt t help mre develping fight against COVID19.2．(2021湖北武汉改编)The idim(成语)“Mengzi's mther makes three mves” tells f mther wh did all she culd t prvide the best fr her child. 3．(2021湖南湘潭改编)Zhang Guimei is an unusual teacher. She set up the first free (girl) high schl in 2008.
envirnment
4．It's necessary fr us t brush ur three times a day in rder t keep fit.5．Peple express thanks n Day. On that day，all peple have supper with their family tgether.They like t eat turkey and share sme fruits with family members.6．—There are many in my shp.Hw culd I get rid f them? —Why dn't yu keep a cat?
Thanksgiving
7．—Peter，hw far is it frm yur hme t schl?—It's nly five walk.8．—What's yur brther's ？—It's abut 1.80 meters.He's the tallest in his class.9．—I have a tthache these days.I dn't feel like eating anything. —Yu shuld g t see a ．10．—Mum，must I be a teacher like yu when I grw up? —N，yu needn't.Yu can make yur wn ．
decisin/chice
一、语法选择(2021广州铁一中学三模改编) I am a father f tw little bys. That day, I packed my luggage and was ready t leave fr my 1 business trip. My mind had been filled with wrk and with t many small things t deal with. I'd been preparing 2 the trip the last few days, and nw I'd be away fr a few days.
As I gt int the car t leave, my 3 turned t my children. Hw t keep in tuch with kids during busy time is ften a 4 prblem. Men like t fcus n ne thing exactly well fr lng perids, but this may lead t truble. Thinking frm wrk t yur family life isn’t always a(n) 5 thing t d. And if yu dn’t shw yur kids that yu’re thinking abut 6 , they may think that yu are nt.
As I drve dwn the rad, I suddenly stpped the car and 7 arund. I drve back t my huse, fund a cuple f cards, and wrte a shrt message t each f my children. I put each in a “secret” place where I knew they’d find it. When I called the next night, I knew 8 they’d received the cards. “Daddy, I gt yur card,” they bth said 9 . “When did yu d that?”
My heart was warmed when I heard this. It was such 10 small thing. But it had a big impact n my kids. It was their “prf” that I was thinking abut them. And it was encuragement fr me t cntinue t d the small things which have a big impact.
( )1.A．twdays B．twday's C．tw day's D．tw days'( ) B．f C．t D．abut( ) B．thughtful C．thinking D．thughts
( )4.A．father B．fathers C．father's D．fathers'( )5.A．easy B．easiness C．mst easy D．easily ( )6.A．they B．them C．themselves D．their
( )7.A．had turned B．was turning C．turns D．turned( )8.A．what B．wh C．that D．whether( )9.A．excite B．excited C．excitedly D．excitement( )10.A．/ B．a C．an D．the
二、完形填空(2021广州华侨外国语测试卷改编) This mrning I gt an email frm Ry. It seems that my by really enjys his new 1 at Harvard University. It made me think f the day we mved int this huse.
Little Ry ran arund the new huse 2 and tried t mve his wn things—his tys and bks int the huse. Suddenly his little hand kncked ver a bttle f paint n the shelf. The paint made the tidy flr and white wall a terrible mess. “Oh, my Gd！” My wife rushed in angrily. I lked at my sn, and his small face was filled with 3 ．
I 4 and held his hand, “Take it easy, Ry. Nw let's d smething t make it lk 5 ．” I tk ut a 6 . “Yu see, Dad is a magician. I can change it int a big tree，” I said, as I started painting tree n the wall.
His mther sn helped paint sme butterflies and flwers n the wall. We spent the whle afternn 7 and laughing. The wall became a beautiful frest with plants, birds and small animals. Blue sky and white cluds were painted by Ry. That day, we all knew smething 8 happened.
The night befre Ry left fr Harvard, he asked me if I still remembered the day when he kncked ver the paint. “Since then, I have never wrried abut making 9 ，” he cntinued. “I believe I can always 10 hw t slve the prblems.”
( )1.A．class B．life C．atmsphere D．relatin( )2.A．excitedly B．slwly C．angrily D．carefully( )3.A．happiness B．hpeC．fear D．anger
( )4.A．cried B．shcked C．shuted D．smiled( )5.A．nice B．bad C．wrng D．interested( )6.A．pen B．brush C．clck D．stick
( )7.A．washing B．cking C．painting D．writing( )8.A．dangerus B．bring C．difficult D．special( )9.A．mistakes B．plans C．decisins D．chices( )10.A．put ut B．hand ut C．find ut D．tk ut
三、短文填空(2021惠州惠城区一模改编) Tw years ag, I gt a jb in a ChineseCanadian cmpany in Vancuver. One day my new bss said he wuld invite 1. t have lunch t celebrate my new jb in a Chinese restaurant. “A Chinese restaurant? Chpsticks? Will I 2. a lt f mistakes?” I thught.
That evening, I spent tw whle 3. trying t learn hw t use chpsticks, but I didn't succeed. I asked my pen friend fr 4. . She patiently explained the prper way f hlding them. “Luise, it's nt 5. ，” she said. “That's easy fr yu t say，” I replied, “Yu've been eating 6. chpsticks all yur life.”
difficult/hard
The next day, when my bss tk tw cwrkers and me t 7. restaurant, he spke t the waiter in Chinese. My heart was beating fast, but then I nticed smething strange. Instead f chpsticks, we all had 8. ， frks and spns. I didn't understand at first, but then it hit me. My bss knew that I wuld have 9. with chpsticks. T save me frm embarrassment(尴尬), he had arranged fr us t be served with knives, frks and spns. I culdn't believe 10. nice he was.
truble/prblems/difficulties
相关课件
人教版新目标中考语法讲解被动语态课件PPT： 这是一份人教版新目标中考语法讲解被动语态课件PPT，共44页。PPT课件主要包含了考点攻略，语篇运用，易错集训，备考训练，第九节 被动语态等内容，欢迎下载使用。
人教版新目标中考语法讲解 动词的时态课件PPT： 这是一份人教版新目标中考语法讲解 动词的时态课件PPT，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了考点攻略，语篇运用，易错集训，备考训练，第八节 动词的时态等内容，欢迎下载使用。
人教版新目标中考语法讲解非谓语动词课件PPT： 这是一份人教版新目标中考语法讲解非谓语动词课件PPT，共42页。PPT课件主要包含了考点攻略，语篇运用，易错集训，备考训练，第十节 非谓语动词，作主语等内容，欢迎下载使用。
