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人教版中考英语阅读理解-备战2022中考英语全国名校最新模拟试题分类汇编
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这是一份人教版中考英语阅读理解-备战2022中考英语全国名校最新模拟试题分类汇编，共20页。
备战2022中考英语全国名校最新模拟试题分类汇编
第二期
专题04阅读理解
（2022·天津·一模）More and more people like bicycling and it is no surprise. It’s fun, healthy and good for the environment. Maybe that’s why there are more and more bicycles on roads worldwide today. Bikes can take you almost anywhere, and there is no oil cost!
However, two centuries ago, when bicycles were first invented, they were used only for transportation. In the eighteenth century, people usually traveled by horse and wagon(马车). In 1817, an early “bicycle” was made in Germany. Its frame(车架) was made of wood. It didn’t have any pedals(踏板). People had to push with their feet. In the 1830s, the first bicycle was invented. Pedals were made for the bicycle. In the 1860, Frenchman Pierre Miehaux and his son gave the bicycle a new look. In 1867, they brought the bicycle to the world Expo(世博会). Since then, the bicycle was more and more popular in Europe. In the 1870s, the front wheel was much larger than the back one. This made it very hard to ride. It was also very expensive. In the 1890s, bicycles with same—sized wheels came out in North America and Western Europe. They were much safer, cheaper and more comfortable.
In China there are shared bikes on the roads. They have saved us a lot of time during emergency situations, and on beautiful, clear days. However, bicycling is not easy in our city. There are no bicycle lanes(车道), and bikers have to travel next to cars in car lanes.
1．From the passage, we know that bicycling is becoming more and more ________.
A．surprising B．popular C．exciting D．boring
2．When you are riding your bicycle around, you may ________.
A．enjoy some beautiful time B．pollute the environment around
C．go everywhere and use a little oil D．A, B and C
3．How did people usually travel in the eighteenth century?
A．On foot. B．By bicycle. C．By horse and wagon. D．By bus
4．When did the bicycle become safer,cheaper and more comfortable ?
A．In the 1830s. B．In the 1870s. C．In the 1890s. D．In the 1810s.
5．From the passage we can know that ________.
A．people in Europe use more bicycles
B．the bikes in China today are extremely simple
C．it’s difficult to ride a bike in our city without bicycle lanes
D．In China there aren’t shared bikes on the roads
（2022·河北·一模）
Is there something in your community that could be changed? Is there a person in your neighborhood who could offer help? If you’re hoping for someone to make a difference, that someone could be you!
Volunteering your time is a great way to make a difference in your community. And you’ll feel good about doing something that helps people or improves the places around you.
This past summer, my friends and I noticed how messy our neighborhood park was. We wanted it to be different. We worked without parents and teachers to clean up the park. We had a great time making the park even better than before, and now the whole neighborhood is able to share and enjoy it again.
Maybe cleaning up a park isn’t your choice, though. No problem! You can turn anything that matters to you into a volunteer project. Do you like playing chess, reading, or spending time with your pet? You can volunteer to do what you love to do. For example, you could help at an old people’s center, simply by talking or playing games with them to make their days better. If you’re great at math or English, you could volunteer to be a homework helper at your school. You’re always needed to walk dogs or play with cats. Or you can collect things for hopeless people, such as soap and toothbrushes.
You see, there is something for everyone. Whatever you do as a volunteer, your time will be enjoyed and that always feels good. Kids everywhere are making a difference by volunteering. You can, too!
6．The passage is mainly written for ________.
A．kids. B．parents. C．teachers D．neighbors
7．Last summer the writer volunteered to ________.
A．walk dogs B．teach pupils math C．talk with the old D．clean up the park
8．The main idea of Paragraph 4 is that ________.
A．collecting things has a lot of fun B．cleaning up a park isn’t your choice
C．the old people always need help D．anything can become a volunteer job
（2022·广东广州·一模）Animals are our friends. Sometimes they make trouble, but sometimes they can help us. And they hope to live a happy life, too. Here are two real stories from our readers.
The first story is from Ray. “My cat, Tiger, hates it when I use my iPad because it takes my attention away from him. One year, I had a fall at home and was on the floor for 16 hours. During this time, I was unable to move and couldn’t get to the phone to call for help. Tiger stayed by my side until he disappeared under my bed. ‘What’s he up to?’ I wondered. To my surprise, he started to push something towards me. It was my iPad, which I didn’t realize had fallen off the bed and onto the floor. He probably didn’t know what it was, but he knew that it made me happy. Thanks to Tiger, I was able to communicate with my friend, Becky, who then told my doctor.”
The second story is from Colin. “Years ago, my friend Julius saved a bird—a wild ‘Mom’ cockatoo（鹦鹉）from the side of the road and kept it as a pet in a big cage(笼子). It lost one of her wings, so she was unable to return to the wild. Soon, two wild cockatoos came visiting and one ‘Dad’ bird wanted to find his way into the cage. The ‘Mom’ cockatoo in the cage was soon expecting. But as she couldn’t fly, ‘Dad’ cockatoo built a home in the tree, keeping off everyone who got close to ‘Mom’ cockatoo. ‘Baby’ cockatoo would spend his days flying off with his dad, leaving his mom behind. She would sit and wait until they returned home each afternoon. The family stayed together happily.”
After reading the stories, don’t you think we should get along well with animals? No matter they are our pets or live in the wild, they have their feelings. We should respect every life in the world.
9．________ is the owner of the cat.
A．Becky B．Julius C．Colin D．Ray
10．The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to the ________.
A．phone B．cat C．iPad D．bed
11．“Mom” cockatoo didn’t return to the wild because ________.
A．Julius caught it as a pet B．she was badly hurt and couldn’t fly
C．she preferred the life in the cage D．”Dad” cockatoo built a home in the tree
12．The main idea of the passage is that ________.
A．Ray, Becky and Colin are animal lovers B．we shouldn’t use iPad too much
C．friends should help each other D．we should respect every life in the world
（2021·四川省成都市七中育才学校模拟预测）
It is a convenient kind of transportation. It is also great exercise. And it makes a healthy lifestyle. Do you know what it is? Yes, we are talking about biking. Most of us know that biking is a clean and cheap way to get around a city. It not only reduces traffic problems and pollution, but it is also good for people’s health.
In many countries, bike-friendly facilities (设施) are making people’s lives better. In the world’s top bike-friendly city, Copenhagen, the capital city of Denmark, traffic lights in main crossing are always green for bike riders during rush hours. And when it’s snowy, the snow is cleared from the bicycle roads first and then car roads.
The US has a special day to encourage people to ride bikes. It is Bike to Work Day on May 20th. To make biking easy, the government had built over 200 bicycle roads until 2014.
Now, in China, you can see shared bikes everywhere. They are placed all over the country. More and more young people choose to go to work by riding shared bikes. It’s very convenient, cheap and environmentally friendly and liked by many people.
13．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Traffic problems. B．A bike-friendly city. C．Biking.
14．Where is the world’s top bike-friendly city?
A．In Denmark. B．In America. C．In China.
15．To provide convenience for bike riders, what action does Copenhagen government take?
A．Cleaning the snow on the bicycle roads first.
B．Naming the city the world’s top bike-friendly city.
C．Keeping traffic lights in main crossing green all the time.
16．What didn’t the US government do to encourage people to ride bikes?
A．Build more bicycle roads.
B．Teach people to ride bikes.
C．Create “Bike to Work Day”.
17．Which of the statement is TRUE according the article?
A．Bike riding does have little help for pollution.
B．Bike riding is the most popular transportation in China, America and Denmark.
C．In China, more and more people like riding bikes because it’s convenient, cheap and environmentally friendly.
（2021·四川省成都市七中育才学校模拟预测）People use languages to communicate. Any language has its ways to express people’s minds. One of the ways in common is the use of idioms (习语). An idiom is a group of words. It has a special meaning that is different from the usual meaning. For example, under the weather is an idiom meaning ill. So when people say “I’m under the weather”, they are saying that they’re not feeling well. Another example, in all weathers means in all kinds of weather. So, “There are homeless people sleeping on the streets in all weathers” tells us that homeless people sleep on the streets no matter whether it is cold or hot.
Different languages may have different ways to make idioms. For people who are learning a foreign language, idioms could cause misunderstanding and bring them endless headaches. On the other hand, if things are done right, idioms can also be a fun way of looking into a new culture and understanding how the people think and talk.
Metaphor is often used in idioms. Let’s read the following two examples:
►It makes my blood boil when people litter.
►The night was dark and quiet; my blood ran cold when I heard a strange noise outside at dark night.
In neither situation above, our blood can reach the point so high or so low in temperature. Yet, with the situations the two sentences create, it is not difficult to work out the unhappy feelings of really angry in the first example and very afraid in the second.
Of course, not all idioms are this easy to understand. When we meet idioms of a foreign language, a good dictionary of idioms is always suggested.
18．In Paragraph 1, the writer gives two examples under the weather and in all weathers to show ____________.
A．learning idioms is funny
B．idioms may bring headaches
C．unusual meanings of idioms
19．What does the underlined word “Metaphor” mean in Chinese?
A．拟人 B．比喻 C．排比
20．If your brother breaks your computer, you can say to him, “___________”
A．I’m under the weather. B．I’m there in all weathers. C．You’ve made my blood boil.
21．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Idioms are only used in English.
B．Metaphor is always used in idioms.
C．Idioms can help us look into a new culture.
22．What is the writer’s advice when you meet an expression like under the weather?
A．We are not supposed to be afraid of it.
B．We should look it up in a good idiom dictionary.
C．We are expected to ask the foreigners for help.
（2021·陕西·西北工业大学附属中学模拟预测）Have you ever heard about or read about “WHO”, short for “World Health Organization”, which is set to protect international public health.
The organization is given money mainly by its 194 member states. Some big countries pay more. The US is its greatest supporter in money and China is the second largest.
However, on April 14, US President Donald Trump said he would end supporting the WHO. He said it “missed the call”, meaning that too many months has passed before it took any action. He added that WHO was too “ China-centric”
To answer what the US president said, UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres talked about the importance of the WHO during the COVID-19 pandemic（疫情）. He pointed out that thousands of WHO workers are fighting the illness on the frontlines.
In fact, the WHO leads the world in all areas in fighting COVID-19. For example, it has sent 55 million test kits（试剂盒）to 120 countries. And under its lead, groups of scientists are working on the researching of vaccines（疫苗）.
The WHO also continues to let people know the newest situation about the pandemic. Most importantly, the WHO never stops to call on all the countries to fight together. “Now it is the time for teamwork, for all the countries to work as one to stop this virus,” Guterres said to the intentional society.
23．Trump used “missed the call” to say that ________.
A．WHO didn’t answer the call from the president
B．the president missed a call from WHO
C．WHO never stops to call on all the countries to fight together
D．WHO didn’t take action early enough
24．Which of the following is done by WHO?
a. Thousands of WHO workers are fighting the illness.
b. It has sent 1.5 thousand test kits to several countries.
c. Scientists led by WHO are doing researching work on vaccines.
d. It continues to let people know the newest situation of the pandemic.
e. It has already made people from all over the world work together in the pandemic.
A．acd B．Ade C．bed D．bde
25．In which part of a newspaper can we probably read the passage?
A．Educational Ideas B．Scientific Discovery C．Foreign Business D．International Society
26．What is the passage mainly about?
A．The influence of the US on WHO. B．WHO’s role in the pandemic.
C．The importance of working together. D．The support WHO has received.
（2021·广东广雅中学一模）To most people, soil is just dirt. But soil is much more than this. There are four main things that make up soil—air, water, organic material and inorganic material. Soil is also home to many different animals and it is where plants grow.
Organic material are plant and animal matter that has decayed(腐坏) and becomes humus. Inorganic material does not come from plant or animal matter. It includes things such as sand, clay and minerals(矿物质). All these things are necessary to make soil. You can learn what soil is made of from the following picture.
There is one other thing that soil must have. Soil must have bacteria (细菌). Bacteria are tiny living things that help to break down organic matter. They turn the organic matter into useful materials that help make the soil rich.
Besides bacteria, soil’s best helpers are earthworms. Worms makes tunnels that help water and air get into the soil. They also break up hard soil and mix organic material and minerals around in it. Animals such as beetles and snails may live in the soil, too,
Different areas have soil in different colors. The color of soil depends on three things: The amount of iron in it; the amount of humus; and the kinds of minerals that are there. If the soil looks red, it has iron in it. The soil with lots of humus in it will take on a rich dark color.
Soil is important to all life, but it can be damaged or taken away. Soil can be eroded away by wind and rain. Planting trees and other plants can help prevent this. Also chemicals that kill insects pests and weeds can harm bacteria and worms in the soil. Farmers and gardeners often use more natural methods to look after their crops so that they won’t harm the soil.
27．What is paragraph 1 mainly about?
A．What soil is. B．How dirty soil is.
C．Where soil is from. D．How soil is different from dirt.
28．Which of the following belongs to organic matter?
A．Water and sand. B．Bacteria and minerals.
C．Humus and air. D．Dead plants and animals.
29．Why are bacteria important for soil?
A．They break down the soil and sand.
B．They make organic matter in soil useful for plants.
C．They do harm to those materials that are bad for soil.
D．They help the worms turn the soil so water can come to the top.
30．How can we protect the soil?
A．Put different insects in it.
B．Make it rich by adding humus.
C．Use chemicals to kill insect pests in it.
D．Plant more trees and keep it rich naturally.
（2021·广东广雅中学一模）Gianni has a very special kind of memory. He explains in his own words: “It’s a kind of memory that is connected to what I see. It means that every idea I learn, everything I read, becomes a part of me. Normally, a person who doesn’t have this gift, and who hasn’t studied memory, tends to just forget things—even an entire book. Not me.” Gianni says that his “gift”, or special ability, he has memorized more than 250 books!
Memorizing over 250 books is surprising, but it’s not the only surprising thing about Gianni. He says that he can remember every detail of every day of his life. He also says that he can remember these details from the time he was less than one day old!
Researchers are now studying how memory and learning change the brain. Some research already shows that a great memory may not depend on the right DNA only. It seems that everyone can remember more if they try. According to Dr. Malgaroli, “If you really need to use your brain to store some kind of information, you have this ability. It’s just a matter of exercise.” So, practice and exercising the brain can improve the memory!
The same idea is true for Gianni. His gift is just only part of his success. Since the age of 11, he’s been training his brain to remember more and more. He practices continuously to improve the power of his memory. Gianni thinks about memory, and works on it, all the time. He has even memorized a whole series of historical books!
Gianni believes his memory is mainly because of his very hard work. He even holds classes to teach others how to improve their memories. In his classes, Gianni shows people how to organize their memories and how to “remember to remember”. “I think the only problem with memory is the correct order. There’s a lot of brain space, so I think there are no limits.”
31．Which of the following best describe Gianni?
A．He enjoys reading. B．He is a clever student.
C．He can remember well. D．He connects what he sees.
32．What can be learned from some research on memory?
A．Good memory comes from your gene.
B．Not everyone can have a good memory.
C．Practice can help build up your memory.
D．Brain is mainly used to store information.
33．Why did Gianni memorize books?
A．To study brain science. B．To develop his memory.
C．To improve his knowledge. D．To prepare for historical tests.
34．Which is the best title of the passage?
A．The Memory Man B．An Unforgettable Memory
C．Mental Athletes D．Special Power to remember
（2021·陕西师大附中模拟预测）When you think of the Arctic(北极), you imagine an icy land of pure white snow. Others imagine it as the last really clean place left on earth. “We have polluted the deepest oceans with plastic rubbish. And now,” CNN says, “It’s the Arctic’s turn.”
German scientists have recently found microplastics in Arctic snow. Microplastics are pieces of plastic smaller than 5 millimeters. Sadly, the scientists found 1,800 pieces of microplastics per liter of(每升) snow.
How is plastic pollution reaching the Arctic? According to scientists, “It’s clear that most of the microplastics in the snow come from the air.” They fall off the plastic objects and are moved by the wind, just like dust. They mix with ice in the air and fall to the ground as snow. Finding these plastics in Arctic snow means that we may breathe them in.
Are they bad for us? Scientists cannot answer this question for now, according to the WHO. We do know that our bodies cannot take in “large” pieces of microplastics. However, if the plastics are small enough, they can find ways into our bodies and stay there for a long time, which can be bad for our health. What’s more, earlier studies have shown that microplastics may contribute to lung cancer risk.
Microplastics have also been found in rivers and oceans around the world. Earlier research has found that they flow over long distances and into our oceans, hurting ecosystems along the way. They start in our wastewater, then flow into rivers and out to the sea, where they are eaten by sea animals. If people then eat these animals, it means that we’re eating the plastic as well.
35．We can learn from Paragraph 1 that ________.
A．the Arctic is the last really clean place left on earth
B．the Arctic is an icy land of pure white snow
C．the Arctic is a beautiful icy land with clean air
D．the Arctic has been polluted by plastic rubbish
36．The underlined words “contribute to” probably mean “________” here.
A．increase B．give money to C．be helpful to D．be one cause of
37．How does the writer end this passage?
A．By advising us to drink clean water. B．By asking people not to eat sea animals.
C．By telling the seriousness of plastic pollution. D．By showing the beauty of Arctic.
（2021·重庆市永川区教育科学研究所一模）People can travel around the world today, but to protect their citizens, governments usually list a few places where its people cannot go. These places are unfriendly countries and countries at war, so travelers might not be safe in them. Such countries are not listed in a small book called a “passport”.
A passport is a government’s request for the safety of its traveling citizens. To receive a passport from the government. a person must prove he is a citizen. People cannot go overseas without a passport. Many years ago, only certain countries which share a border（边界）such as America, Canada and Mexico do not require passports.
Pasted inside the passport is the traveler’s photo. Children traveling with their parents are included in one parent’s book.
Hundreds of thousands of people all over the world visit other countries every year. Travelers usually carry plane tickets, money, clothing, and other things, but the most important thing a traveler carries in another country is a passport.
38．People can travel ________.
A．to unfriendly counties B．only to Canada and Mexico
C．almost anywhere D．only to close countries
39．The passage does not say, but it makes you think that ________.
A．children cannot travel overseas B．a traveler is not safe in most countries
C．people travel a lot today D．the most important thing a traveler carries is money
40．Why does the government require people to hold their passports when they travel to the other countries?
A．For saving money. B．For the convenience. C．For fun. D．For the safety.
41．What’s the title of this passage?
A．Children’s Passports. B．The Kinds of Passports.
C．A Passport and Governments. D．A Passport to Travel.
参考答案：
1．B
2．A
3．C
4．C
5．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自行车备受人们青睐的原因，以及骑自行车对我们有哪些益处。
1．
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Maybe that’s why there are more and more bicycles on roads worldwide today.”可知，越来越多的自行车出现在路上，所以自行车越来越受欢迎。故选B。
2．
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Bikes can take you almost anywhere, and there is no oil cost!”可知，骑自行车可以去任何地方，并且不需要油。故选A。
3．
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In the eighteenth century, people usually traveled by horse and wagon.”可知，18世纪，人们都乘马车去旅行。故选C。
4．
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In the 1890s…They were much safer, cheaper and more comfortable.”可知，在19世纪90年代，自行车变得更安全、便宜、舒适。故选C。
5．
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“However, bicycling is not easy in our city. There are no bicycle lanes, and bikers have to travel next to cars in car lanes.”可知，在我们城市里没有自行车道，骑自行车是很难的。故选C。
6．A
7．D
8．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文作者通过自己做志愿者打扫公园的事情，呼吁我们尽自己的所能去做志愿者，从而改变自己周围的环境，并就如何做好志愿者给出了一些意见和建议。
6．
推理判断题。根据“If you’re great at math or English, you could volunteer to be a homework helper at your school.”以及“Kids everywhere are making a difference by volunteering. You can, too!”可知，这篇文章主要是写给孩子们的。故选A。
7．
细节理解题。根据“This past summer, my friends and I noticed how messy our neighborhood park was. We wanted it to be different. We worked without parents and teachers to clean up the park.”可知，去年夏天，作者和他的朋友们自愿打扫公园。故选D。
8．
主旨大意题。根据第四段中的信息“You can turn anything that matters to you into a volunteer project.”可知，本段主要讲述了任何事情都可以成为志愿工作。故选D
9．D
10．C
11．B
12．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文讲述了两个有关动物的故事，告诉我们：动物是人类的朋友，要和动物和平相处，尊重每一个生命。
9．
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The first story is from Ray. ‘My cat, Tiger, hates it when I use my iPad because it takes my attention away from him…’ ”可知，Ray是猫的主人。故选D。
10．
词义猜测题。根据第二段中“It was my iPad, which I didn’t realize had fallen off the bed and onto the floor. He probably didn’t know what it was, but he knew that it made me happy.”可推测此处“it”指的是“平板电脑”。故选C。
11．
细节理解题。根据第三段中“It lost one of her wings, so she was unable to return to the wild.”可知，因为失去了一只翅膀，受伤而不能飞，所以她无法回到野外。故选B。
12．
主旨大意题。分析全文内容可知，本文讲述了两个有关动物的故事，告诉我们：动物是人类的朋友，要和动物和平相处，尊重每一个生命。故选D。
13．C
14．A
15．A
16．B
17．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了自行车不仅是一种便利的交通工具，而且也能锻炼身体。世界上许多国家已经开始为骑自行车的人提供许多便利条件。
13．
主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了自行车不仅是一种便利的交通工具，而且也能锻炼身体。世界上许多国家已经开始为骑自行车的人提供许多便利条件。故选C。
14．
细节理解题。根据“In the world’s top bike-friendly city, Copenhagen, the capital city of Denmark”可知世界顶尖自行车友好城市是丹麦的哥本哈根。故选A。
15．
细节理解题。根据“In the world’s top bike-friendly city, Copenhagen, the capital city of Denmark, traffic lights in main crossing are always green for bike riders during rush hours. And when it’s snowy, the snow is cleared from the bicycle roads first and then car roads.”可知为了给骑自行车的人提供便利，哥本哈根政府先清理自行车道上的积雪。故选A。
16．
细节理解题。根据“The US has a special day to encourage people to ride bikes. It is Bike to Work Day on May 20th. To make biking easy, the government had built over 200 bicycle roads until 2014.”可知为鼓励人们骑自行车，美国政府设立骑车上班日并建设更多自行车车道，并没有教人们骑自行车。故选B。
17．
细节理解题。根据“Now, in China, you can see shared bikes everywhere. ... It’s very convenient, cheap and environmentally friendly and liked by many people.”可知在中国，越来越多的人喜欢骑自行车，因为它方便、便宜和环保。故选C。
18．C
19．B
20．C
21．C
22．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文介绍了一些外语学习中可能会遇到的习语。
18．
推理判断题。根据“It has a special meaning that is different from the usual meaning. For example ... Another example ...”可知在第一段中，作者给出这两个习语的例子是为了说明习语的特殊含义。故选C。
19．
词句猜测题。根据“In neither situation above, our blood can reach the point so high or so low in temperature. Yet, with the situations the two sentences create, it is not difficult to work out the unhappy feelings of really angry in the first example and very afraid in the second.”可知洗浴中使用了比喻修辞，“Metaphor”意为“比喻”。故选B。
20．
推理判断题。根据“It makes my blood boil when people litter.”及“it is not difficult to work out the unhappy feelings of really angry in the first example”可知make my blood boil形容人在生气时的不愉快情绪，所以当你的哥哥弄坏你的电脑时，你一定是生气的，可以用“You’ve made my blood boil.”。故选C。
21．
细节理解题。根据“On the other hand, if things are done right, idioms can also be a fun way of looking into a new culture and understanding how the people think and talk.”可知习语可以帮助我们了解一种新文化。故选C。
22．
细节理解题。根据“When we meet idioms of a foreign language, a good dictionary of idioms is always suggested.”可知当你遇到像“under the weather”这样的表达时，作者的建议是查一本好的成语词典。故选B。
23．D
24．A
25．D
26．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文讲述特朗普宣布美国不再支持世卫组织，原因是他认为世卫组织没有及时采取行动。事实上，世卫组织一直致力于合作对抗新型冠状病毒，告诉我们要共同合作，共同抗击病毒。
23．
细节理解题。根据第三段“He said it ‘missed the call’ meaning that too many months has passed before it took any action”可知，特朗普这样说是因为他认为世卫组织没有及时采取行动。故选D。
24．
细节理解题。根据第四段“He pointed out that thousands of WHO workers are fighting the illness on the frontlines”，第五段“And under its lead, groups of scientists are working on the researching of vaccines”和最后一段“The WHO also continues to let people know the newest situation about the pandemic”可知，世卫组织的数千名工作人员正在第一线与疾病作斗争，在它的领导下科学家正在研究疫苗，并且世卫组织还继续让人们了解疫情的最新情况。acd符合。故选A。
25．
推理判断题。文章讲述特朗普宣布美国不再支持世卫组织，介绍事实上世卫组织一直致力于合作对抗新型冠状病毒。可推测最有可能在国际社会版面读到这篇文章。故选D。
26．
主旨大意题。文章主要讲述世卫组织一直致力于合作对抗新型冠状病毒，告诉我们要共同合作，共同抗击病毒。B项“世卫组织在疫情中的作用”符合主题。故选B。
27．A
28．D
29．B
30．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了土壤是什么、土壤的重要性以及我们人类应该如何保护它。
27．
主旨大意题。根据“To most people, soil is just dirt. But soil is much more than this.”可知，此段主要讲述了土壤是什么。故选A。
28．
细节理解题。根据“Organic material are plant and animal matter that has decayed(腐坏) and becomes humus.”可知，有机物质是植物和动物腐烂后变成腐殖质的物质。故选D。
29．
细节理解题。根据“Bacteria are tiny living things that help to break down organic matter. They turn the organic matter into useful materials that help make the soil rich.”可知，细菌是帮助分解有机物的微小生物。它们将有机物转化为有助于土壤肥沃的有用材料。故选B。
30．
细节理解题。根据“Soil can be eroded away by wind and rain. Planting trees and other plants can help prevent this.”可知，种植树木和其他植物可以帮助保护土壤。故选D。
31．C
32．C
33．B
34．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了Gianni是一个记忆力很好的人，经过科学家的研究发现，人们可以通过练习和锻炼大脑来提高记忆力，Gianni对此表示赞同。
31．
推理判断题。根据“Gianni says that his “gift”, or special ability, he has memorized more than 250 books!”可知，Gianni的记忆力很好，记住了250多本书。故选C。
32．
细节理解题。根据“So, practice and exercising the brain can improve the memory!”可知，练习和锻炼大脑可以提高记忆力。故选C。
33．
推理判断题。根据“The same idea is true for Gianni.”和“Since the age of 11, he’s been training his brain to remember more and more. He practices continuously to improve the power of his memory.”可知，记住这么多本书，是为了提高他的记忆力。故选B。
34．
最佳标题题。根据全文可知，主要讲述了Gianni是一个记忆力很好的人，通过他的事例告诉我们：练习和锻炼大脑可以提高记忆力，因此“The Memory Man”符合题意。故选A。
35．D
36．A
37．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如今出现了一种污染——微塑料，并介绍了什么是微塑料以及它对人类和环境的危害。
35．
细节理解题。根据第一段“We have polluted the deepest oceans with plastic rubbish.”可知，北极已经被塑料垃圾所污染，故选D。
36．
词义猜测题。根据“if the plastics are small enough, they can find ways into our bodies and stay there for a long time, which can be bad for our health”可知，微塑料对人体有害，结合“lung cancer risk”可知，应是增加患肺癌的风险，所以“contribute to”与“increase”同义，故选A。
37．
推理判断题。根据“If people then eat these animals, it means that we’re eating the plastic as well”可知，作者表示吃那些动物就是在吃塑料，所以结尾作者是在强调塑料污染的严重性，故选C。
38．C
39．C
40．D
41．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了用于旅行的护照。
38．
细节理解题。根据“People can travel around the world today, but to protect their citizens, governments usually list a few places where its people cannot go.”可知，人们现在可以去世界各地几乎任何一个地方旅行，但国家出于保护通常会列出一些公民不能去的地方。故选C。
39．
细节理解题。根据“Hundreds of thousands of people all over the world visit other countries every year.”可知，如今的人们经常旅行，C选项正确；根据“Children traveling with their parents are included in one parent’s book.”可知，儿童也可以出国旅行，A选项“儿童不能出国旅行”错误；根据“governments usually list a few places where its people cannot go.”可知，对于旅行者并不安全的国家只是少数，B选项“在大多数国家，旅行者并不安全”错误；根据“… but the most important thing a traveler carries in another country is a passport.”可知，护照是出国旅游时需要携带的最重要的东西，D选项“旅行者携带的最重要的东西是钱”错误。故选C。
40．
细节理解题。根据“A passport is a government’s request for the safety of its traveling citizens.”可知，政府要求携带护照是为了旅行公民安全的要求。故选D。
41．
最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍用于旅行的护照，D选项“旅行护照”是最佳标题。故选D。
备战2022中考英语全国名校最新模拟试题分类汇编
第二期
专题04阅读理解
（2022·天津·一模）More and more people like bicycling and it is no surprise. It’s fun, healthy and good for the environment. Maybe that’s why there are more and more bicycles on roads worldwide today. Bikes can take you almost anywhere, and there is no oil cost!
However, two centuries ago, when bicycles were first invented, they were used only for transportation. In the eighteenth century, people usually traveled by horse and wagon(马车). In 1817, an early “bicycle” was made in Germany. Its frame(车架) was made of wood. It didn’t have any pedals(踏板). People had to push with their feet. In the 1830s, the first bicycle was invented. Pedals were made for the bicycle. In the 1860, Frenchman Pierre Miehaux and his son gave the bicycle a new look. In 1867, they brought the bicycle to the world Expo(世博会). Since then, the bicycle was more and more popular in Europe. In the 1870s, the front wheel was much larger than the back one. This made it very hard to ride. It was also very expensive. In the 1890s, bicycles with same—sized wheels came out in North America and Western Europe. They were much safer, cheaper and more comfortable.
In China there are shared bikes on the roads. They have saved us a lot of time during emergency situations, and on beautiful, clear days. However, bicycling is not easy in our city. There are no bicycle lanes(车道), and bikers have to travel next to cars in car lanes.
1．From the passage, we know that bicycling is becoming more and more ________.
A．surprising B．popular C．exciting D．boring
2．When you are riding your bicycle around, you may ________.
A．enjoy some beautiful time B．pollute the environment around
C．go everywhere and use a little oil D．A, B and C
3．How did people usually travel in the eighteenth century?
A．On foot. B．By bicycle. C．By horse and wagon. D．By bus
4．When did the bicycle become safer,cheaper and more comfortable ?
A．In the 1830s. B．In the 1870s. C．In the 1890s. D．In the 1810s.
5．From the passage we can know that ________.
A．people in Europe use more bicycles
B．the bikes in China today are extremely simple
C．it’s difficult to ride a bike in our city without bicycle lanes
D．In China there aren’t shared bikes on the roads
（2022·河北·一模）
Is there something in your community that could be changed? Is there a person in your neighborhood who could offer help? If you’re hoping for someone to make a difference, that someone could be you!
Volunteering your time is a great way to make a difference in your community. And you’ll feel good about doing something that helps people or improves the places around you.
This past summer, my friends and I noticed how messy our neighborhood park was. We wanted it to be different. We worked without parents and teachers to clean up the park. We had a great time making the park even better than before, and now the whole neighborhood is able to share and enjoy it again.
Maybe cleaning up a park isn’t your choice, though. No problem! You can turn anything that matters to you into a volunteer project. Do you like playing chess, reading, or spending time with your pet? You can volunteer to do what you love to do. For example, you could help at an old people’s center, simply by talking or playing games with them to make their days better. If you’re great at math or English, you could volunteer to be a homework helper at your school. You’re always needed to walk dogs or play with cats. Or you can collect things for hopeless people, such as soap and toothbrushes.
You see, there is something for everyone. Whatever you do as a volunteer, your time will be enjoyed and that always feels good. Kids everywhere are making a difference by volunteering. You can, too!
6．The passage is mainly written for ________.
A．kids. B．parents. C．teachers D．neighbors
7．Last summer the writer volunteered to ________.
A．walk dogs B．teach pupils math C．talk with the old D．clean up the park
8．The main idea of Paragraph 4 is that ________.
A．collecting things has a lot of fun B．cleaning up a park isn’t your choice
C．the old people always need help D．anything can become a volunteer job
（2022·广东广州·一模）Animals are our friends. Sometimes they make trouble, but sometimes they can help us. And they hope to live a happy life, too. Here are two real stories from our readers.
The first story is from Ray. “My cat, Tiger, hates it when I use my iPad because it takes my attention away from him. One year, I had a fall at home and was on the floor for 16 hours. During this time, I was unable to move and couldn’t get to the phone to call for help. Tiger stayed by my side until he disappeared under my bed. ‘What’s he up to?’ I wondered. To my surprise, he started to push something towards me. It was my iPad, which I didn’t realize had fallen off the bed and onto the floor. He probably didn’t know what it was, but he knew that it made me happy. Thanks to Tiger, I was able to communicate with my friend, Becky, who then told my doctor.”
The second story is from Colin. “Years ago, my friend Julius saved a bird—a wild ‘Mom’ cockatoo（鹦鹉）from the side of the road and kept it as a pet in a big cage(笼子). It lost one of her wings, so she was unable to return to the wild. Soon, two wild cockatoos came visiting and one ‘Dad’ bird wanted to find his way into the cage. The ‘Mom’ cockatoo in the cage was soon expecting. But as she couldn’t fly, ‘Dad’ cockatoo built a home in the tree, keeping off everyone who got close to ‘Mom’ cockatoo. ‘Baby’ cockatoo would spend his days flying off with his dad, leaving his mom behind. She would sit and wait until they returned home each afternoon. The family stayed together happily.”
After reading the stories, don’t you think we should get along well with animals? No matter they are our pets or live in the wild, they have their feelings. We should respect every life in the world.
9．________ is the owner of the cat.
A．Becky B．Julius C．Colin D．Ray
10．The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to the ________.
A．phone B．cat C．iPad D．bed
11．“Mom” cockatoo didn’t return to the wild because ________.
A．Julius caught it as a pet B．she was badly hurt and couldn’t fly
C．she preferred the life in the cage D．”Dad” cockatoo built a home in the tree
12．The main idea of the passage is that ________.
A．Ray, Becky and Colin are animal lovers B．we shouldn’t use iPad too much
C．friends should help each other D．we should respect every life in the world
（2021·四川省成都市七中育才学校模拟预测）
It is a convenient kind of transportation. It is also great exercise. And it makes a healthy lifestyle. Do you know what it is? Yes, we are talking about biking. Most of us know that biking is a clean and cheap way to get around a city. It not only reduces traffic problems and pollution, but it is also good for people’s health.
In many countries, bike-friendly facilities (设施) are making people’s lives better. In the world’s top bike-friendly city, Copenhagen, the capital city of Denmark, traffic lights in main crossing are always green for bike riders during rush hours. And when it’s snowy, the snow is cleared from the bicycle roads first and then car roads.
The US has a special day to encourage people to ride bikes. It is Bike to Work Day on May 20th. To make biking easy, the government had built over 200 bicycle roads until 2014.
Now, in China, you can see shared bikes everywhere. They are placed all over the country. More and more young people choose to go to work by riding shared bikes. It’s very convenient, cheap and environmentally friendly and liked by many people.
13．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Traffic problems. B．A bike-friendly city. C．Biking.
14．Where is the world’s top bike-friendly city?
A．In Denmark. B．In America. C．In China.
15．To provide convenience for bike riders, what action does Copenhagen government take?
A．Cleaning the snow on the bicycle roads first.
B．Naming the city the world’s top bike-friendly city.
C．Keeping traffic lights in main crossing green all the time.
16．What didn’t the US government do to encourage people to ride bikes?
A．Build more bicycle roads.
B．Teach people to ride bikes.
C．Create “Bike to Work Day”.
17．Which of the statement is TRUE according the article?
A．Bike riding does have little help for pollution.
B．Bike riding is the most popular transportation in China, America and Denmark.
C．In China, more and more people like riding bikes because it’s convenient, cheap and environmentally friendly.
（2021·四川省成都市七中育才学校模拟预测）People use languages to communicate. Any language has its ways to express people’s minds. One of the ways in common is the use of idioms (习语). An idiom is a group of words. It has a special meaning that is different from the usual meaning. For example, under the weather is an idiom meaning ill. So when people say “I’m under the weather”, they are saying that they’re not feeling well. Another example, in all weathers means in all kinds of weather. So, “There are homeless people sleeping on the streets in all weathers” tells us that homeless people sleep on the streets no matter whether it is cold or hot.
Different languages may have different ways to make idioms. For people who are learning a foreign language, idioms could cause misunderstanding and bring them endless headaches. On the other hand, if things are done right, idioms can also be a fun way of looking into a new culture and understanding how the people think and talk.
Metaphor is often used in idioms. Let’s read the following two examples:
►It makes my blood boil when people litter.
►The night was dark and quiet; my blood ran cold when I heard a strange noise outside at dark night.
In neither situation above, our blood can reach the point so high or so low in temperature. Yet, with the situations the two sentences create, it is not difficult to work out the unhappy feelings of really angry in the first example and very afraid in the second.
Of course, not all idioms are this easy to understand. When we meet idioms of a foreign language, a good dictionary of idioms is always suggested.
18．In Paragraph 1, the writer gives two examples under the weather and in all weathers to show ____________.
A．learning idioms is funny
B．idioms may bring headaches
C．unusual meanings of idioms
19．What does the underlined word “Metaphor” mean in Chinese?
A．拟人 B．比喻 C．排比
20．If your brother breaks your computer, you can say to him, “___________”
A．I’m under the weather. B．I’m there in all weathers. C．You’ve made my blood boil.
21．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Idioms are only used in English.
B．Metaphor is always used in idioms.
C．Idioms can help us look into a new culture.
22．What is the writer’s advice when you meet an expression like under the weather?
A．We are not supposed to be afraid of it.
B．We should look it up in a good idiom dictionary.
C．We are expected to ask the foreigners for help.
（2021·陕西·西北工业大学附属中学模拟预测）Have you ever heard about or read about “WHO”, short for “World Health Organization”, which is set to protect international public health.
The organization is given money mainly by its 194 member states. Some big countries pay more. The US is its greatest supporter in money and China is the second largest.
However, on April 14, US President Donald Trump said he would end supporting the WHO. He said it “missed the call”, meaning that too many months has passed before it took any action. He added that WHO was too “ China-centric”
To answer what the US president said, UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres talked about the importance of the WHO during the COVID-19 pandemic（疫情）. He pointed out that thousands of WHO workers are fighting the illness on the frontlines.
In fact, the WHO leads the world in all areas in fighting COVID-19. For example, it has sent 55 million test kits（试剂盒）to 120 countries. And under its lead, groups of scientists are working on the researching of vaccines（疫苗）.
The WHO also continues to let people know the newest situation about the pandemic. Most importantly, the WHO never stops to call on all the countries to fight together. “Now it is the time for teamwork, for all the countries to work as one to stop this virus,” Guterres said to the intentional society.
23．Trump used “missed the call” to say that ________.
A．WHO didn’t answer the call from the president
B．the president missed a call from WHO
C．WHO never stops to call on all the countries to fight together
D．WHO didn’t take action early enough
24．Which of the following is done by WHO?
a. Thousands of WHO workers are fighting the illness.
b. It has sent 1.5 thousand test kits to several countries.
c. Scientists led by WHO are doing researching work on vaccines.
d. It continues to let people know the newest situation of the pandemic.
e. It has already made people from all over the world work together in the pandemic.
A．acd B．Ade C．bed D．bde
25．In which part of a newspaper can we probably read the passage?
A．Educational Ideas B．Scientific Discovery C．Foreign Business D．International Society
26．What is the passage mainly about?
A．The influence of the US on WHO. B．WHO’s role in the pandemic.
C．The importance of working together. D．The support WHO has received.
（2021·广东广雅中学一模）To most people, soil is just dirt. But soil is much more than this. There are four main things that make up soil—air, water, organic material and inorganic material. Soil is also home to many different animals and it is where plants grow.
Organic material are plant and animal matter that has decayed(腐坏) and becomes humus. Inorganic material does not come from plant or animal matter. It includes things such as sand, clay and minerals(矿物质). All these things are necessary to make soil. You can learn what soil is made of from the following picture.
There is one other thing that soil must have. Soil must have bacteria (细菌). Bacteria are tiny living things that help to break down organic matter. They turn the organic matter into useful materials that help make the soil rich.
Besides bacteria, soil’s best helpers are earthworms. Worms makes tunnels that help water and air get into the soil. They also break up hard soil and mix organic material and minerals around in it. Animals such as beetles and snails may live in the soil, too,
Different areas have soil in different colors. The color of soil depends on three things: The amount of iron in it; the amount of humus; and the kinds of minerals that are there. If the soil looks red, it has iron in it. The soil with lots of humus in it will take on a rich dark color.
Soil is important to all life, but it can be damaged or taken away. Soil can be eroded away by wind and rain. Planting trees and other plants can help prevent this. Also chemicals that kill insects pests and weeds can harm bacteria and worms in the soil. Farmers and gardeners often use more natural methods to look after their crops so that they won’t harm the soil.
27．What is paragraph 1 mainly about?
A．What soil is. B．How dirty soil is.
C．Where soil is from. D．How soil is different from dirt.
28．Which of the following belongs to organic matter?
A．Water and sand. B．Bacteria and minerals.
C．Humus and air. D．Dead plants and animals.
29．Why are bacteria important for soil?
A．They break down the soil and sand.
B．They make organic matter in soil useful for plants.
C．They do harm to those materials that are bad for soil.
D．They help the worms turn the soil so water can come to the top.
30．How can we protect the soil?
A．Put different insects in it.
B．Make it rich by adding humus.
C．Use chemicals to kill insect pests in it.
D．Plant more trees and keep it rich naturally.
（2021·广东广雅中学一模）Gianni has a very special kind of memory. He explains in his own words: “It’s a kind of memory that is connected to what I see. It means that every idea I learn, everything I read, becomes a part of me. Normally, a person who doesn’t have this gift, and who hasn’t studied memory, tends to just forget things—even an entire book. Not me.” Gianni says that his “gift”, or special ability, he has memorized more than 250 books!
Memorizing over 250 books is surprising, but it’s not the only surprising thing about Gianni. He says that he can remember every detail of every day of his life. He also says that he can remember these details from the time he was less than one day old!
Researchers are now studying how memory and learning change the brain. Some research already shows that a great memory may not depend on the right DNA only. It seems that everyone can remember more if they try. According to Dr. Malgaroli, “If you really need to use your brain to store some kind of information, you have this ability. It’s just a matter of exercise.” So, practice and exercising the brain can improve the memory!
The same idea is true for Gianni. His gift is just only part of his success. Since the age of 11, he’s been training his brain to remember more and more. He practices continuously to improve the power of his memory. Gianni thinks about memory, and works on it, all the time. He has even memorized a whole series of historical books!
Gianni believes his memory is mainly because of his very hard work. He even holds classes to teach others how to improve their memories. In his classes, Gianni shows people how to organize their memories and how to “remember to remember”. “I think the only problem with memory is the correct order. There’s a lot of brain space, so I think there are no limits.”
31．Which of the following best describe Gianni?
A．He enjoys reading. B．He is a clever student.
C．He can remember well. D．He connects what he sees.
32．What can be learned from some research on memory?
A．Good memory comes from your gene.
B．Not everyone can have a good memory.
C．Practice can help build up your memory.
D．Brain is mainly used to store information.
33．Why did Gianni memorize books?
A．To study brain science. B．To develop his memory.
C．To improve his knowledge. D．To prepare for historical tests.
34．Which is the best title of the passage?
A．The Memory Man B．An Unforgettable Memory
C．Mental Athletes D．Special Power to remember
（2021·陕西师大附中模拟预测）When you think of the Arctic(北极), you imagine an icy land of pure white snow. Others imagine it as the last really clean place left on earth. “We have polluted the deepest oceans with plastic rubbish. And now,” CNN says, “It’s the Arctic’s turn.”
German scientists have recently found microplastics in Arctic snow. Microplastics are pieces of plastic smaller than 5 millimeters. Sadly, the scientists found 1,800 pieces of microplastics per liter of(每升) snow.
How is plastic pollution reaching the Arctic? According to scientists, “It’s clear that most of the microplastics in the snow come from the air.” They fall off the plastic objects and are moved by the wind, just like dust. They mix with ice in the air and fall to the ground as snow. Finding these plastics in Arctic snow means that we may breathe them in.
Are they bad for us? Scientists cannot answer this question for now, according to the WHO. We do know that our bodies cannot take in “large” pieces of microplastics. However, if the plastics are small enough, they can find ways into our bodies and stay there for a long time, which can be bad for our health. What’s more, earlier studies have shown that microplastics may contribute to lung cancer risk.
Microplastics have also been found in rivers and oceans around the world. Earlier research has found that they flow over long distances and into our oceans, hurting ecosystems along the way. They start in our wastewater, then flow into rivers and out to the sea, where they are eaten by sea animals. If people then eat these animals, it means that we’re eating the plastic as well.
35．We can learn from Paragraph 1 that ________.
A．the Arctic is the last really clean place left on earth
B．the Arctic is an icy land of pure white snow
C．the Arctic is a beautiful icy land with clean air
D．the Arctic has been polluted by plastic rubbish
36．The underlined words “contribute to” probably mean “________” here.
A．increase B．give money to C．be helpful to D．be one cause of
37．How does the writer end this passage?
A．By advising us to drink clean water. B．By asking people not to eat sea animals.
C．By telling the seriousness of plastic pollution. D．By showing the beauty of Arctic.
（2021·重庆市永川区教育科学研究所一模）People can travel around the world today, but to protect their citizens, governments usually list a few places where its people cannot go. These places are unfriendly countries and countries at war, so travelers might not be safe in them. Such countries are not listed in a small book called a “passport”.
A passport is a government’s request for the safety of its traveling citizens. To receive a passport from the government. a person must prove he is a citizen. People cannot go overseas without a passport. Many years ago, only certain countries which share a border（边界）such as America, Canada and Mexico do not require passports.
Pasted inside the passport is the traveler’s photo. Children traveling with their parents are included in one parent’s book.
Hundreds of thousands of people all over the world visit other countries every year. Travelers usually carry plane tickets, money, clothing, and other things, but the most important thing a traveler carries in another country is a passport.
38．People can travel ________.
A．to unfriendly counties B．only to Canada and Mexico
C．almost anywhere D．only to close countries
39．The passage does not say, but it makes you think that ________.
A．children cannot travel overseas B．a traveler is not safe in most countries
C．people travel a lot today D．the most important thing a traveler carries is money
40．Why does the government require people to hold their passports when they travel to the other countries?
A．For saving money. B．For the convenience. C．For fun. D．For the safety.
41．What’s the title of this passage?
A．Children’s Passports. B．The Kinds of Passports.
C．A Passport and Governments. D．A Passport to Travel.
参考答案：
1．B
2．A
3．C
4．C
5．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自行车备受人们青睐的原因，以及骑自行车对我们有哪些益处。
1．
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Maybe that’s why there are more and more bicycles on roads worldwide today.”可知，越来越多的自行车出现在路上，所以自行车越来越受欢迎。故选B。
2．
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Bikes can take you almost anywhere, and there is no oil cost!”可知，骑自行车可以去任何地方，并且不需要油。故选A。
3．
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In the eighteenth century, people usually traveled by horse and wagon.”可知，18世纪，人们都乘马车去旅行。故选C。
4．
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In the 1890s…They were much safer, cheaper and more comfortable.”可知，在19世纪90年代，自行车变得更安全、便宜、舒适。故选C。
5．
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“However, bicycling is not easy in our city. There are no bicycle lanes, and bikers have to travel next to cars in car lanes.”可知，在我们城市里没有自行车道，骑自行车是很难的。故选C。
6．A
7．D
8．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文作者通过自己做志愿者打扫公园的事情，呼吁我们尽自己的所能去做志愿者，从而改变自己周围的环境，并就如何做好志愿者给出了一些意见和建议。
6．
推理判断题。根据“If you’re great at math or English, you could volunteer to be a homework helper at your school.”以及“Kids everywhere are making a difference by volunteering. You can, too!”可知，这篇文章主要是写给孩子们的。故选A。
7．
细节理解题。根据“This past summer, my friends and I noticed how messy our neighborhood park was. We wanted it to be different. We worked without parents and teachers to clean up the park.”可知，去年夏天，作者和他的朋友们自愿打扫公园。故选D。
8．
主旨大意题。根据第四段中的信息“You can turn anything that matters to you into a volunteer project.”可知，本段主要讲述了任何事情都可以成为志愿工作。故选D
9．D
10．C
11．B
12．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文讲述了两个有关动物的故事，告诉我们：动物是人类的朋友，要和动物和平相处，尊重每一个生命。
9．
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The first story is from Ray. ‘My cat, Tiger, hates it when I use my iPad because it takes my attention away from him…’ ”可知，Ray是猫的主人。故选D。
10．
词义猜测题。根据第二段中“It was my iPad, which I didn’t realize had fallen off the bed and onto the floor. He probably didn’t know what it was, but he knew that it made me happy.”可推测此处“it”指的是“平板电脑”。故选C。
11．
细节理解题。根据第三段中“It lost one of her wings, so she was unable to return to the wild.”可知，因为失去了一只翅膀，受伤而不能飞，所以她无法回到野外。故选B。
12．
主旨大意题。分析全文内容可知，本文讲述了两个有关动物的故事，告诉我们：动物是人类的朋友，要和动物和平相处，尊重每一个生命。故选D。
13．C
14．A
15．A
16．B
17．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了自行车不仅是一种便利的交通工具，而且也能锻炼身体。世界上许多国家已经开始为骑自行车的人提供许多便利条件。
13．
主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了自行车不仅是一种便利的交通工具，而且也能锻炼身体。世界上许多国家已经开始为骑自行车的人提供许多便利条件。故选C。
14．
细节理解题。根据“In the world’s top bike-friendly city, Copenhagen, the capital city of Denmark”可知世界顶尖自行车友好城市是丹麦的哥本哈根。故选A。
15．
细节理解题。根据“In the world’s top bike-friendly city, Copenhagen, the capital city of Denmark, traffic lights in main crossing are always green for bike riders during rush hours. And when it’s snowy, the snow is cleared from the bicycle roads first and then car roads.”可知为了给骑自行车的人提供便利，哥本哈根政府先清理自行车道上的积雪。故选A。
16．
细节理解题。根据“The US has a special day to encourage people to ride bikes. It is Bike to Work Day on May 20th. To make biking easy, the government had built over 200 bicycle roads until 2014.”可知为鼓励人们骑自行车，美国政府设立骑车上班日并建设更多自行车车道，并没有教人们骑自行车。故选B。
17．
细节理解题。根据“Now, in China, you can see shared bikes everywhere. ... It’s very convenient, cheap and environmentally friendly and liked by many people.”可知在中国，越来越多的人喜欢骑自行车，因为它方便、便宜和环保。故选C。
18．C
19．B
20．C
21．C
22．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文介绍了一些外语学习中可能会遇到的习语。
18．
推理判断题。根据“It has a special meaning that is different from the usual meaning. For example ... Another example ...”可知在第一段中，作者给出这两个习语的例子是为了说明习语的特殊含义。故选C。
19．
词句猜测题。根据“In neither situation above, our blood can reach the point so high or so low in temperature. Yet, with the situations the two sentences create, it is not difficult to work out the unhappy feelings of really angry in the first example and very afraid in the second.”可知洗浴中使用了比喻修辞，“Metaphor”意为“比喻”。故选B。
20．
推理判断题。根据“It makes my blood boil when people litter.”及“it is not difficult to work out the unhappy feelings of really angry in the first example”可知make my blood boil形容人在生气时的不愉快情绪，所以当你的哥哥弄坏你的电脑时，你一定是生气的，可以用“You’ve made my blood boil.”。故选C。
21．
细节理解题。根据“On the other hand, if things are done right, idioms can also be a fun way of looking into a new culture and understanding how the people think and talk.”可知习语可以帮助我们了解一种新文化。故选C。
22．
细节理解题。根据“When we meet idioms of a foreign language, a good dictionary of idioms is always suggested.”可知当你遇到像“under the weather”这样的表达时，作者的建议是查一本好的成语词典。故选B。
23．D
24．A
25．D
26．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文讲述特朗普宣布美国不再支持世卫组织，原因是他认为世卫组织没有及时采取行动。事实上，世卫组织一直致力于合作对抗新型冠状病毒，告诉我们要共同合作，共同抗击病毒。
23．
细节理解题。根据第三段“He said it ‘missed the call’ meaning that too many months has passed before it took any action”可知，特朗普这样说是因为他认为世卫组织没有及时采取行动。故选D。
24．
细节理解题。根据第四段“He pointed out that thousands of WHO workers are fighting the illness on the frontlines”，第五段“And under its lead, groups of scientists are working on the researching of vaccines”和最后一段“The WHO also continues to let people know the newest situation about the pandemic”可知，世卫组织的数千名工作人员正在第一线与疾病作斗争，在它的领导下科学家正在研究疫苗，并且世卫组织还继续让人们了解疫情的最新情况。acd符合。故选A。
25．
推理判断题。文章讲述特朗普宣布美国不再支持世卫组织，介绍事实上世卫组织一直致力于合作对抗新型冠状病毒。可推测最有可能在国际社会版面读到这篇文章。故选D。
26．
主旨大意题。文章主要讲述世卫组织一直致力于合作对抗新型冠状病毒，告诉我们要共同合作，共同抗击病毒。B项“世卫组织在疫情中的作用”符合主题。故选B。
27．A
28．D
29．B
30．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了土壤是什么、土壤的重要性以及我们人类应该如何保护它。
27．
主旨大意题。根据“To most people, soil is just dirt. But soil is much more than this.”可知，此段主要讲述了土壤是什么。故选A。
28．
细节理解题。根据“Organic material are plant and animal matter that has decayed(腐坏) and becomes humus.”可知，有机物质是植物和动物腐烂后变成腐殖质的物质。故选D。
29．
细节理解题。根据“Bacteria are tiny living things that help to break down organic matter. They turn the organic matter into useful materials that help make the soil rich.”可知，细菌是帮助分解有机物的微小生物。它们将有机物转化为有助于土壤肥沃的有用材料。故选B。
30．
细节理解题。根据“Soil can be eroded away by wind and rain. Planting trees and other plants can help prevent this.”可知，种植树木和其他植物可以帮助保护土壤。故选D。
31．C
32．C
33．B
34．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了Gianni是一个记忆力很好的人，经过科学家的研究发现，人们可以通过练习和锻炼大脑来提高记忆力，Gianni对此表示赞同。
31．
推理判断题。根据“Gianni says that his “gift”, or special ability, he has memorized more than 250 books!”可知，Gianni的记忆力很好，记住了250多本书。故选C。
32．
细节理解题。根据“So, practice and exercising the brain can improve the memory!”可知，练习和锻炼大脑可以提高记忆力。故选C。
33．
推理判断题。根据“The same idea is true for Gianni.”和“Since the age of 11, he’s been training his brain to remember more and more. He practices continuously to improve the power of his memory.”可知，记住这么多本书，是为了提高他的记忆力。故选B。
34．
最佳标题题。根据全文可知，主要讲述了Gianni是一个记忆力很好的人，通过他的事例告诉我们：练习和锻炼大脑可以提高记忆力，因此“The Memory Man”符合题意。故选A。
35．D
36．A
37．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如今出现了一种污染——微塑料，并介绍了什么是微塑料以及它对人类和环境的危害。
35．
细节理解题。根据第一段“We have polluted the deepest oceans with plastic rubbish.”可知，北极已经被塑料垃圾所污染，故选D。
36．
词义猜测题。根据“if the plastics are small enough, they can find ways into our bodies and stay there for a long time, which can be bad for our health”可知，微塑料对人体有害，结合“lung cancer risk”可知，应是增加患肺癌的风险，所以“contribute to”与“increase”同义，故选A。
37．
推理判断题。根据“If people then eat these animals, it means that we’re eating the plastic as well”可知，作者表示吃那些动物就是在吃塑料，所以结尾作者是在强调塑料污染的严重性，故选C。
38．C
39．C
40．D
41．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了用于旅行的护照。
38．
细节理解题。根据“People can travel around the world today, but to protect their citizens, governments usually list a few places where its people cannot go.”可知，人们现在可以去世界各地几乎任何一个地方旅行，但国家出于保护通常会列出一些公民不能去的地方。故选C。
39．
细节理解题。根据“Hundreds of thousands of people all over the world visit other countries every year.”可知，如今的人们经常旅行，C选项正确；根据“Children traveling with their parents are included in one parent’s book.”可知，儿童也可以出国旅行，A选项“儿童不能出国旅行”错误；根据“governments usually list a few places where its people cannot go.”可知，对于旅行者并不安全的国家只是少数，B选项“在大多数国家，旅行者并不安全”错误；根据“… but the most important thing a traveler carries in another country is a passport.”可知，护照是出国旅游时需要携带的最重要的东西，D选项“旅行者携带的最重要的东西是钱”错误。故选C。
40．
细节理解题。根据“A passport is a government’s request for the safety of its traveling citizens.”可知，政府要求携带护照是为了旅行公民安全的要求。故选D。
41．
最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍用于旅行的护照，D选项“旅行护照”是最佳标题。故选D。
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