2022年人教版英语中考语法(九)动词的时态和语态知识梳理学案

这是一份2022年人教版英语中考语法(九)动词的时态和语态知识梳理学案，共6页。学案主要包含了动词的语态等内容，欢迎下载使用。

动词的时态
般过去时
结构：主语＋was／were或动词的过去式
标志词：just nw，yesterday，this mrning 等
般现在时
结构：主语＋am／is／are或动词原形／动词的第三人称单数形式
标志词：ften，smetimes，usually等
般将来时
结构：主语＋will／shall／be ging t＋动词原形
标志词：in the future，next day，tmrrw等
现在进行时
结构：主语＋am／is／are＋动词的现在分词
标志词：nw，at the mment，lk，listen 等
过去进行时
结构：主语＋was／were＋动词的现在分词
标志词：at that time，at this time yesterday 等
现在完成时
结构：主语＋have／has＋动词的过去分词
标志词：already，yet，since，just等
过去完成时
结构：主语＋had＋动词的过去分词
标志词：by the time，befre，when等
动词的语态
被动语态
概念：主语是动作的承受者，动作的执行者由by引出，by意为“被；由”
一般现在时：am／is／are dne
一般过去时：was／were dne
一般将来时：will／shall／be ging t be dne
含情态动词：情态动词＋be dne
主动语态变被动语态的方法：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词变被动
考点一动词的时态
考点讲解
一般过去时
1．表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。
2．表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
They saw the new mvie last night.
Alice was busy last week.
一般现在时
1．表示经常性或习惯性发生的动作。
2．描述客观真理、客观存在或科学事实等。
3．在时间、条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。
The by always gets t schl early.
The mn mves arund the earth.
一般将来时
1．be ging t和 will表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，其主语一般是人。
2．be ging t表示根据主观判断将来肯定要发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情，主语可以是人也可以是物。
3．在含有时间、条件状语从句的复合句中，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时来代替将来时。
My friend will g t America in tw days.
I'm ging t climb the muntain this afternn.
We'll g t the Great Wall if it desn't rain tmrrw.
现在进行时
1.表示说话时或目前正在进行的动作。
2.与always, usually等词连用，表示赞扬、厌恶或不满的情绪。
The students are ding their hmewrk.
He is always thinking abut himself.他总是想着自己。
过去进行时
表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。
I was watching TV at eight 'clck last night.
现在完成时
1．表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。
2．表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常与“fr＋时间段”或“since＋表示
过去的时间点或时间段”连用。
S far, they've nly finished half f the task.
注意：
现在完成时和一般过去时都可表示过去发生的动作，但现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果或表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，强调的是现在的情况；而一般过去时只表示动作发生在过去，不和现在发生关系。
I have already seen the film.
I saw the film last night.
1.表在过去某一时间或某一动作以前发生或完成的动作,它所表示的动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。
2.表示从过去某一时间开始并持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。
The train had left when I arrived at the statin.
过去将来时
1.wuld+动词原形
2.was/were ging t+动词原形,常用于宾语从句
表示在过去看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。
She said she wuld be back tmrrw.
1.I saw Julia in April and I ________ her befre yesterday.
A.dn't seeB.didn't seeC.haven't seeD.hadn't seen
2.-We ________ very simply and d nt spend much mney n fd.
-That's why yu're called the Greens.
A.eatB.ateC.will eatD.had eaten
3.-Where is mm？-In the living rm. She ________ a bk at the mment.
A.was readingB.will readC.is readingD.has read
4.I saw Bb in the garden．He ________ flwers there.
A.watersB.has wateredC.is wateringD.was watering
5.-What did yu d this Dragn Bat Festival?
-I ________ the bat races n TV and read bks.
A.watchB.watchedC.am watchingD.will watch
6.-D yu knw Munt Wudang in Shiyan? -Yes, I ________ it twice. It's fantastic.
A.had climbedB.climbC.climbedD.have climbed
7.-Why didn’t yu answer my WeChat phne at eight 'clck last night?
-Srry, I ________ (take) a walk with my friend alng the river.
8.If I’m available tmrrw afternn，I ________ (visit) the city museum with my brther.
考点二 动词的语态
考点讲解
1．各种时态的被动语态构成
一般现在时的被动语态:am／is／are＋动词的过去分词
The flwers are ften watered by her.
一般过去时的被动语态:was／were＋动词的过去分词
The trees were planted last year.
一般将来时的被动语态:will/shall+ be+动词的过去分词
Sme trees will be planted this week by her.
现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are+ being+动词的过去分词
A bridge is being built.
现在完成时的被动语态:have/has been+动词的过去分词
His rms have been cleaned by him.
过去进的被动语态: was/were being+动词的过去分
His rms were being cleaned by him then.
过去完成时的被动语态:had been＋动词的过去分词
His rms had been cleaned by him then.
过去将的被动语态:wuld/shuld be+动词的过去分词
His rms wuld be cleaned by him the next day.
情态动词的被动语态:情态动词＋be＋动词的过去分词
Yur hmewrk must be finished n time.
2．被动语态的特殊形式
主动语态中省去t的动词，变为被动语态时，省去的t要加上
The wrkers were made t wrk 12 hurs a day.
含双宾语的动词
把指人的宾语变为主语时，指物的宾语仍保留在谓语之后；把指物的宾语变为主语时，指人的宾语
前要加相应的介词
I was given a present. = A present was given t me.
含短语的动词
短语是“动词+介含短语的动词”或“动词+副词”变被动语态时，介词、副词不能省去。
The yung man was sent away frm schl.
9.These gifts _________ by children in their last summer hlidays.
A.madeB.were madeC.makeD.are made
10.The Mnkey King is a traditinal Chinese cartn her. Tday, he _________ by peple f all ages.
A.will lveB.was lvedC.is lvedD.will be lved
11.Where we shuld g _________ next Friday.
A. is decidedB.was decidedC.will be decidedD.has been decided
12.-Mm，culd I help yu take ut the rubbish?
-Sure. But it _________ int different kinds fr recycling first.
A.separatesB.shuld separateC.was separatedD.shuld be separated
13.Tea frm China began t be sent abrad mre than a thusand years ag and since then it_________ t the wrld.
A.was knwnB.is knwnC.has been knwnD.knws
14.One f the mst famus Marvel heric character-Spiderman, _________ (create) in 1962.
Keys:1-6DACDBD 7.was taking 8.will visit 9-13.BCCDC 14.was created