2017-2021年江苏中考英语真题分类汇编之综合填空（含答案）

这是一份2017-2021年江苏中考英语真题分类汇编之综合填空（含答案），共41页。试卷主要包含了Hell，Lingling!等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2017-2021年江苏中考英语真题分类汇编之综合填空
一．综合填空（共15小题）
1．（2021•南通）The Chinese life is colorful with many interesting folk ways.The Lantern Festival is on the 15th day of the first lunar month，it has a Chinese name Yuanxiao Festival.Yuanxiao comes from the （1）f that people call the first lunar month the Yuan Month and night Xiao.The night of the 15th day of the first lunar month （2）m the beginning of the first full moon.On the Lantern Festival，the Chinese people have the custom of （3）e lanterns and eating glutinous rice dumplings.There is a common saying that"Playing on the Lantern Festival."
The custom started during the Han Dynasty，and has a （4）h of more than 2000 years.On that night，every place is decorated with lanterns and streamers（饰带） and there is a bustling atmosphere.As night （5）f ，people go in crowds to the sea of colorful lanterns：palace lanterns，wall lamps，figure lanterns，flower lanterns，revolving horse lanterns，animal lanterns，and toy lanterns，of all types and （6）c .Some lanterns have riddles（谜语） on them，which encourage people to try to be the （7）f to find the answer.
It is （8）a a traditional custom to eat glutinous rice dumplings at this time.As early as the Song Dynasty，there was such a kind of food，a round ball （9）m of glutinous rice flour with a filling of sugar and kernels（果仁）.Since it is eaten on the Lantern Festival，people call it yuanxiao.The Chinese people hope that （10）e is satisfactory （yuanman in Chinese），and to eat glutinous rice dumplings on the first night with a full moon in a year is to wish that family members will remain united，harmonious，happy and satisfied.

2．（2021•泰州）Sometimes，children can't keep a single bit of information in their mind while they are doing something else.If so，they may have problems with their working memory.It is an important （1）s for children.Here are some （2）t to help improve children's working memory.
Read actively.They may form long﹣term （长时间的） memories more （3）e when children take part in active reading.Active reading （4）i not only asking notes，but also speaking aloud and asking questions about the material that they are reading.
Use visualization （形象化） skills.When reading something，ask children to imagine the scene of the story and （5）d it.For example，ask them to set a table for a few people and have a （6）p in their mind，and then have a description.
Ask them to teach others.Teaching（7）a person means being able to understand the information well before saying it aloud.When children are learning a new skill，ask them to show others （8）h to do it.They should be able to explain it to others.
Moreover，there are lots of matching games that can be （9）p to improve their working memory，or you can use something simple （10）1 a magazine or a newspaper.Have them find a certain word as many times as they can in one minute.

3．（2021•南京）The problem some people have with homework is not that they find it too hard，or that it takes too long，but that they （1）f what they have to do and for when.This may be because they don't write down exactly what （2）n to be done，or don't make a note of when it has to be handed in.
If you have a planner for school，make good （3）u of it to record what you need to do.If not，use a diary or notebook to make notes of what has to be handed in and（4）w .
You could set up an 'in﹣tray' system，so you can see what is （5）w to be done.This is a tray or shallow box where you put your homework each night until you are （6）r to do it. .
Although no one exactly looks forward to doing homework，you will get it done more efficiently（高效地） if you are well （7）o and have time and space to concentrate（专注） on it.
For example，if your homework involves （需要） going online and you don't have your（8）o computer，make sure you 'book' some time on the family computer，or can use one in your school library.
If you have space，set up a homework 'office' （9）a at home with a table or desk and a comfortable chair.It should have good light，a place for your books，and your homework 'tool kit' .
It helps to get into a habit of doing homework early in the evening，and not （10）l it until the last minute at weekends.After you've done it，reward yourself with some fun‘down﹣time' activities，such as some television or social networking time.

4．（2021•扬州）Chinese people started to build gardens more than 2，000 years ago.Chinese gardens are a special form of （1）t Chinese culture and art.
At the entrance to a Chinese garden，there is usually a huge stone or wall to screen（挡住）your view.This is to give you a pressed﹣in feeling，in order to later produce unexpected joy （2）w you turn around the hall to see the amazing rock formations（假山）and a big lake.The best （3）e is the Summer Palace.
Rock formations play an （4）i role in the design of a Chinese﹣style garden.Without them，a garden could not be considered a Chinese﹣style garden.They are as important to a Chinese﹣style garden as sculptures are to a European﹣style garden.Ge Garden in Yangzhou is famous for （5）i Four Seasons Rockeries（假山花园）.
（6）G in the south are mostly small in size.Chinese garden designers have used the method of "borrowing scenery with a mirror（镜子）" to create a sense of （7）s .A mirror is hung opposite a window to take in the outside scenery.A fine example of this is Pian Shi Shan Fang，a rockery in He Garden，Yangzhou.A big mirror is built into the wall of its west corridor.The whole garden will be （8）s in the mirror wherever the visitors are.A pool or a lake in a garden （9）a serves this purpose.A pool runs from south to north through the garden of Pian Shi Shan Fang.East of the rockery，a man﹣made moon is reflected（倒映）in the （10）p .
Whatever methods used，every effort is made to achieve the purpose of giving visitors a sense of space in the garden.
5．（2020•南通）Reyes Guana grew up in a poor Mexican family．He has seven brothers and sisters．His parents always had two jobs to make ends meet．At weekends，the whole （1）f went to fields to work．When the children were young，they stayed in the car．As they grew （2）o they worked too．
As a boy，Guana was a "very shy" child who was very （3）q in school．He had few friends but he had a good relationship with the school cleaner．He liked to call the friendly lady "Nike" because she usually wore Nike clothes and shoes．Nike was well organized and the boy liked （4）h she made everything clean．He told her he wanted to be a cleaner，too． "Well，it's good if you want to be a cleaner，" Nike said to little Guana with （5）k ． "But make sure you go to college and make it as one of your steps there．"
Guana also looked up to the principal （校长） of his school．He was a tall and good﹣looking man．Also，he always went to someone in （6）n ．The principal told the boy that his job was to help students and teachers． "Wow，when I grow up，I want to do what you're doing．" "Well，you can do it!" the principal （7）r ．Guana did get there，and the two men remain friends．The former principal is now almost 90 years old．
But （8）b becoming a school principal，Guana followed in Nike's footsteps and worked for three schools in Lodi，California．And being a cleaner at a school made him think about how to show respect for everyone in an organization．In Guana's school system today，everyone is （9 i to parties and events．Everyone is important not only the people who clean the floors or drive the buses but also the people who teach the students or lead the schools．
He never （10）f where he came from，or how he felt．Now，Guana tells his own three children how important an education is for their lives．
6．（2020•泰州） Sometimes we fall in love with something at once and sometimes it takes long．The same is true with poems．If we're lucky（1）e ，we open a book and find a poem that attracts us at once．But usually we need to spend a little（2）t or make a little effort to truly understand a poem，Today I′d like to talk about reading poems in ways that make the experience better．
Reading a poem repeatedly will deepen your understanding of it．Sometimes a poem that seems（3）b on first reading becomes interesting with more reading．A poem that feels meaningless becomes deeper and more meaningful．
And sometimes you′re just not in the right mood the first time you read a poem，but（4）l it touches your heart．
Keep a（5）d at hand when you are reading poems．Poets like to use unusual words．Instead of skipping over（跳过） these words or trying to（6）g their meanings，look them up．
Read aloud and listen to the poem．Reading aloud will make the poem′s rhythm clear．Besides，a poet′s reading is very helpful（7）b we can understand the poem's meanings from where the poet places emphasis（强调） or pauses（停顿）．
After you finish reading a poem，take a few moments to consider（8）w it is saying．Sometimes its meanings are better understood（9）t repeated reading．Other times they need our careful and deep thought on a poem．
It is（10）h to say whether there's a right or wrong way to read poems，but reading practices will enrich your experience，increase your enjoyment，and deepen your understanding of any poem．

7．（2020•扬州）Our lives changed tracks the day our son was born．We （1）w whether we should move back to our home country Brazil．I remember looking down at our newborn baby and thinking about how different his life would be there．
During the ten years away from my big family and my culture，I missed the delicious foods，samba，Brazilian jujitsu（柔术），and sunny skies．My wife （2）m our homeland too．As a musician，it would be （3）e for her to do her work in Brazil．But in the United Kingdom，I had the funding and lab resources for my research．Would such a move be a disadvantage to my career？
A few weeks later，my brother called from Brazil，telling me that our father had passed away．The great happiness I felt about my son′s birth suddenly gave way to deep （4）s ．We had no doubt it was the right time to （5）r to Brazil．We applied for the professor positions at a university in our hometown and （6）b received offers．
（7）H ，it wasn't easy getting started with my research in Brazil．I didn't receive any start﹣up funding for my lab．Now，thanks to Brazilian funding，I have a team of bright young scientists and can （8）a expensive lab resources．
We are living the lives we wanted to live﹣﹣working on rewarding research and feeling closer to our family and （9）c in our home country．My son is growing up close to his cousins．I take up Brazilian jujitsu training，which I haven′t been able to do during my years （10）a ．My wife and I feel happy to find a way home．
8．（2019•徐州）My favourite clothing is an old biker jacket．It （1） （make） of thick black leather and it has a red lining．It belonged to my mother when she was young，so it's very old now!
Why do I love my jacket？Because it （2） （be） once my mother's and because it is very practical．I （3） （not need） to iron it and I never need to get it cleaned．It （4） （keep） me warm and dry，so I wear it all the time，except in summer．Also，leather jackets never go out of fashion and you can wear them with jeans，skirts and dresses．
The other day，I was in a cafe and I left the jacket on the back of my chair．I（5） （realize） it when I was on the bus and I thought I'd lost it forever．At that moment a young guy jumped onto the bus and he （6） （hold） my jacket in his hand!He had run after me down the road with it．We started chatting and I made a new friend．Now I think of it as my lucky jacket．
9．（2018•镇江）With the development of modern technology， digital devices（数码设备） have been seen everywhere． People often check what is （1）h in the world on the Internet， keep in touch with friends through emails， or even start to read e﹣books． （2）H ， many people still prefer paper books to e﹣books because they think that brains work （3）b when reading paper books．
Now， some scientists have come up with some （4）d ideas． They believe how brains work is not greatly affected by the way people read， but depends on the following factors（因素）． They （5）i the type and content of reading materials， the （6）p of reading． etc． When people read for entertainment， like news about star families or （7）f stories， reading paper books or e﹣books makes no difference． When people read to gain （8）k about science， reading paper books is more helpful． Brains need longer to deal with harder problems． Usually， taking notes by （9）h on paper books takes longer than typing（打字） notes out on digital devices． So it's （10）e for you to remember key points when you read paper books． Next time， when you read e﹣books about science， just remember to slow down and give your brain more time．
10．（2021•徐州）Hello，Lingling!
My music lesson last week（1） （be） amazing!We've got a Chinese exchange student at our school，and he joined（2） （we） in the band practice.He had an amazing instrument from China.I can't remember what it （3） （name），but it has two strings，and is a bit like a violin.It sounded amazing!Do you know what it could be？
I also want （4） （ know） why Chinese music always sounds so（5） （relax） and calm to me.Do you have any recommendations for different types of Chinese music I can listen to？The school holidays（6） （come） soon.Perhaps，over the holidays，I can learn a lot（7） （ much） about Chinese music.
I（8） （start） lessons in Physics and Chemistry already.I'm（9） （real） excited because I love these（10） （ subject）.
I look forward to hearing back from you!
Sandy
11．（2021•镇江）One of the founders of the Communist Party of China once wrote about youth.The youth are like the early spring，like the morning sun，like the budding flowers，like the sharp blade fresh off the grinding stone.Youth is the most v（1） time of life.
Youth is a relatively （相对地） short p（2） in one's life.During this time，habits and interests are formed for the r（3） of your life.So it's important to have a good start.
But what is the s（4） of youth？It's a time to begin the process of self﹣reliance and self﹣motivation.Sure，you might have parents and friends help you now，but f（5） ，you must depend on yourself.W（6） needing help or advice，your character and confidence can be built by yourself.No one can f（7） you to get good grades or get the perfect job — those responsibilities （责任） are yours.O（8） you can be the master of your life.
When you are in trouble，continue trying.T（9） yourself to be strong.Tell yourself that difficulties are not always problems.You can do the work that others can't.Anything w（10） doing isn't easy — it's best to learn that lesson early.Never complain and always work hard to achieve your dreams.
12．（2021•宿迁）A high﹣tech zebra crossing with flashing lights and audio warning（语音提示）（1） （put） into use for the（2） （one） time in Bishan district，Chongqing a few months ago.It can also take pictures of the people who are against the traffic（3） （rule） in the area.
At a busy road in front of a gate of Bishan Middle School，the crosswalk is installed（安装）（4） （keep） the students safe when they cross the road after school.
The zebra crossing area has light strips.When people cross the street，they flash to "tell"（5） （drive）to slow down and wait for people to go across the street.At the same time，display screens（显示屏）on either side of the crosswalk tell people to only cross the street when the light（6） （be）green.
Jiang Fei，a traffic（7） （office）in Bishan，said that the lighting system was very useful in the evenings and on（8） （rain）and foggy days.
Rong Sheng from the school's safety department said，"In the past，our school safety guards（9） （have）to stand in the middle of the road after school to stop the cars."
Now the students feel（10） （safe） than before after the installation of the smart crosswalk.
13．（2021•盐城）
Ways to reduce food waste
Food waste is a big problem around the world.While some people （1）t away unwanted food，lots of people in other parts of the world face food shortages.
In order to reduce food waste，many （2）c in the world like German and France have food banks.People and grocery stores can give extra food to them and they can give the food to （3）t in need.Shanghai Oasis opened China's first food bank in 2015.In five years，it saved seven million tons of food and （4）h 760，000 people.
Many fruits and （5）v go to waste because they look ugly.For example，about 25 to 30 percent of carrots don't make it to the store because of their （6）l .So try to buy ugly food next time，since it is （7）j as good as "normal" food.
Many Chinese restaurants are telling people to （8）o dishes by using the "N﹣1"formula. "N" （9）s for the number of people in your group.So if you're in a group of （10）s people，you should order five dishes.
To reduce food waste is a big task，and it needs time.Everyone can do something to make a difference.
14．（2021•苏州）Does my goldfish know who I am？
I think this is a great question.I do spend my days（1） （study）how fish go about their lives.First of all，fish are much smarter than people think.People often talk of goldfish having three﹣second memories，but in fact they can learn all kinds of things，and remember them（2） quite a long time.
This shouldn't surprise us too much.Just like other animals，they can find enough to eat.And（3） （know） when it is safe to be out in the open.Being able to learn and remember things helps（4） （they） do this.
Many kinds of fish can tell one from another，according to their group，their relatives（5） even their own eggs.But fish live in（6） very different world from us.For many kinds of fish，although seeing is important，（7） （sense） such as smell and touch are even more important.
So，does your fish know who you are？I believe your fish will（8） （sure） know when it is feeding time.My own fish become very（9） （excite）when my hand appears near their tank，even before I drop the food in.I'm not sure that your fish will be able to remember what your face（10） （look） like，but I wouldn't be too surprised if it could remember you in other ways，perhaps by the sound of your footsteps as you walk towards the tank.
15．（2020•徐州）When I look at this picture of myself，I realize how fast time flies．About one month after this picture（1） （take），I became a primary school student．Around me in this picture are the things that （2） （be）very important in my life at that time： toy cars and planes． I enjoyed（3） （study） different kinds of cars and planes． This picture brings back to （4） （I）many happy memories of my childhood．
Since I was a kid，I（5） （consider） different jobs I would like to do．First，I wanted to be a fireman，because the uniform looked so cool．Then，when I was in the （6） （six） grade，I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher so much．When I entered middle school，my dream was to open a restaurant．I wished to have a chain of restaurants in many different（7） （city）． If I succeeded in managing one， I would open （8） （many）． Now I hope to be a surgeon． "That's a good （9） （decide）"， my parents say to me． I know I must try hard （10） （make） my dream come true．

2017-2021年江苏中考英语真题分类汇编之综合填空
参考答案与试题解析
一．综合填空（共15小题）
1．（2021•南通）The Chinese life is colorful with many interesting folk ways.The Lantern Festival is on the 15th day of the first lunar month，it has a Chinese name Yuanxiao Festival.Yuanxiao comes from the （1）f act that people call the first lunar month the Yuan Month and night Xiao.The night of the 15th day of the first lunar month （2）m eans the beginning of the first full moon.On the Lantern Festival，the Chinese people have the custom of （3）e njoying lanterns and eating glutinous rice dumplings.There is a common saying that"Playing on the Lantern Festival."
The custom started during the Han Dynasty，and has a （4）h istory of more than 2000 years.On that night，every place is decorated with lanterns and streamers（饰带） and there is a bustling atmosphere.As night （5）f alls ，people go in crowds to the sea of colorful lanterns：palace lanterns，wall lamps，figure lanterns，flower lanterns，revolving horse lanterns，animal lanterns，and toy lanterns，of all types and （6）c olours .Some lanterns have riddles（谜语） on them，which encourage people to try to be the （7）f irst to find the answer.
It is （8）a lso a traditional custom to eat glutinous rice dumplings at this time.As early as the Song Dynasty，there was such a kind of food，a round ball （9）m ade of glutinous rice flour with a filling of sugar and kernels（果仁）.Since it is eaten on the Lantern Festival，people call it yuanxiao.The Chinese people hope that （10）e verything is satisfactory （yuanman in Chinese），and to eat glutinous rice dumplings on the first night with a full moon in a year is to wish that family members will remain united，harmonious，happy and satisfied.

【考点】首字母阅读填空．
【分析】本文主要介绍了中国元宵节吃元宵的习俗。
【解答】（1）fact.考查名词。根据句意：元宵来源于人们把农历的第一个月叫做元月，晚上叫做"宵"。结合首字母，fact事实。故填fact。
（2）means.考查动词。根据句意：农历正月十五的晚上意味着第一个满月的开始。结合首字母，mean意味着，这里应用第三人称单数。故填means。
（3）enjoying.考查动词。根据句意：在元宵节，中国人有赏花灯、吃汤圆的习俗。结合首字母，enjoy享受，介词of后面用动名词。故填enjoying。
（4）history.考查名词。根据句意：这一习俗始于汉代，已有2000多年的历史。结合首字母，history历史。故填history。
（5）falls.考查动词。根据句意：随着夜幕的降临，人们成群结队地涌向五彩缤纷的花灯海洋：宫殿灯、壁灯、人物灯、花灯、旋转马灯、动物灯和玩具灯，各种类型和颜色。结合首字母，fall降落，这里应用第三人称单数。故填falls。
（6）colours.考查名词。根据句意：随着夜幕的降临，人们成群结队地涌向五彩缤纷的花灯海洋：宫殿灯、壁灯、人物灯、花灯、旋转马灯、动物灯和玩具灯，各种类型和颜色。结合首字母，colour颜色，根据前面types可知应用复数形式。故填colours。
（7）first.考查序数词。根据句意：有些灯笼上有谜语，这是为了鼓励人们第一个找到答案。结合首字母，first第一，the后面接序数词。故填first。
（8）also.考查副词。根据句意：这个时候吃汤圆也是一个传统习俗。结合首字母，also也。故填also。
（9）made.考查动词。根据句意：早在宋朝，就有这种食物——用糯米粉做的、糖和玉米粒做馅的圆球。结合首字母，make制作，（be）made of由...制作。故填made。
（10）everything.考查不定代词。根据句意：中国人希望万事如意，在一年的第一个月圆之夜吃汤圆，是希望家人团聚、和睦、幸福、如意。结合首字母，everything一切，所有东西。故填everything。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，紧密结合上下文判断句意，根据句意及首字母判断空格处词义，根据相关知识点写出词语的正确形式，完成后再次阅读查看语意是否正确。
2．（2021•泰州）Sometimes，children can't keep a single bit of information in their mind while they are doing something else.If so，they may have problems with their working memory.It is an important （1）s kill for children.Here are some （2）t ips to help improve children's working memory.
Read actively.They may form long﹣term （长时间的） memories more （3）e asily when children take part in active reading.Active reading （4）i ncludes not only asking notes，but also speaking aloud and asking questions about the material that they are reading.
Use visualization （形象化） skills.When reading something，ask children to imagine the scene of the story and （5）d escribe it.For example，ask them to set a table for a few people and have a （6）p icture in their mind，and then have a description.
Ask them to teach others.Teaching（7）a nother person means being able to understand the information well before saying it aloud.When children are learning a new skill，ask them to show others （8）h ow to do it.They should be able to explain it to others.
Moreover，there are lots of matching games that can be （9）p layed to improve their working memory，or you can use something simple （10）1 ike a magazine or a newspaper.Have them find a certain word as many times as they can in one minute.

【考点】首字母阅读填空．
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者主要介绍了如何帮助孩子们提高他们工作记忆力的一些建议。
【解答】（1）skill.考查名词。根据文中Sometimes，children can't keep a single bit of information in their mind while they are doing something else.If so，they may have problems with their working memory.可知有时候，孩子在做别的事情时，脑子里一点信息都记不住，如果是这样，他们的工作记忆可能会有问题，工作记忆力对孩子来说是一个重要的技能，首字母是s，skill表示技巧、技能，可数名词单数。其次不定冠词an后跟名词单数形式即可，故答案是：skill。
（2）tips.考查名词。根据下文中Read actively…Use visualization （形象化） skills…Ask them to teach others…Moreover，there are lots of matching games…可知这些都是作者关于如何提高孩子们工作记忆力的一些建议，其中首字母是t，tip表示建议，可数名词单数。其次some表示一些，后跟可数名词复数形式，故答案是：tips。
（3）easily.考查副词。根据文中Read actively.可知作者建议积极阅读，因为当孩子积极阅读的时候，他们可能会更容易地形成长时间的记忆，划线处缺一个副词和more构成副词比较级，修饰动词form，其中首字母是e，easy表示简单的、容易的，其副词是easily，故答案是：easily。
（4）includes.考查动词。根据文中not only asking notes，but also speaking aloud and asking questions about the material that they are reading.可知积极阅读不仅包括做笔记，而且也包括大声地读和询问他们正在读的材料的问题，划线处缺一个动词作谓语，其中首字母是i，include表示包括、包含。其次本文时态是一般现在时，其结构是主语+动词原形，此处主语Active reading是第三人称单数，则谓语应用第三人称单数形式，故答案是：includes。
（5）describe.考查动词。根据文中Use visualization （形象化） skills.When reading something，ask children to imagine the scene of the story…and then have a description.可知作者建议使用形象化的技巧，当孩子阅读的时候，让孩子们想象这个故事的场景，并描述它，首字母是d，describe表示描述、描绘，动词。其次ask sb.to do sth.表示让某人做某事，则此处应用动词原形，和imagine（想象，动词）形成并列的两个动作，故答案是：describe。
（6）picture.考查名词。根据文中Use visualization （形象化） skills.When reading something，ask children to imagine the scene of the story…ask them to set a table for a few people…可知作者建议使用形象化的技巧，当阅读的时候让孩子们想象这个故事的场景，比如让他们想象给几个人摆一张桌子，在他们的脑海里形成一幅图画，其中首字母是p ，picture表示绘画、图画，可数名词单数。其次不定冠词a后跟名词单数形式即可，故答案是：picture。
（7）another.考查代词。根据文中Ask them to teach others.可知作者建议让孩子们教别人，因为教别人意味着在大声说出之前能够很好地理解信息，其中首字母是a，another表示另一个，不定代词，故答案是：another。
（8）how.考查疑问副词。根据文中Ask them to teach others…When children are learning a new skill，ask them to show others…可知作者建议让孩子们教别人，即当孩子们学习一个新的技能时，让他们给别人展示如何做它，首字母是h，how表示怎么样，如何，故答案是：how。
（9）played.考查动词。根据文中there are lots of matching games that can b …to improve their working memory可知作者觉得可以玩许多配对游戏来提高孩子们的工作记忆力，首字母是p，play表示玩，play games表示玩游戏。其次该句是定语从句，先行词是games，其和play是被动关系，表示被玩，则此处应用含情态动词的被动语态，其结构是主语+情态动词+be done，故答案是：played。
（10）like.考查介词。根据文中or you can use something simple…magazine or a newspaper.Have them find a certain word as many times as they can in one minute.可知作者建议你可以使用简单的东西，像杂志和报纸，让孩子们在一分钟内尽可能多地找到某个单词，首字母是l，like表示像，介词，故答案是：like。
【点评】本题考查首字母填空，考查学生的阅读理解能力和对语言的综合运用能力，要求学生认真阅读文章，理解大意，联系上下文，根据首字母、句子成分、固定搭配、时态及语态等进行填写单词，注意单词的适当形式，有一定难度。
3．（2021•南京）The problem some people have with homework is not that they find it too hard，or that it takes too long，but that they （1）f orget what they have to do and for when.This may be because they don't write down exactly what （2）n eeds to be done，or don't make a note of when it has to be handed in.
If you have a planner for school，make good （3）u se of it to record what you need to do.If not，use a diary or notebook to make notes of what has to be handed in and（4）w hen .
You could set up an 'in﹣tray' system，so you can see what is （5）w aiting to be done.This is a tray or shallow box where you put your homework each night until you are （6）r eady to do it. .
Although no one exactly looks forward to doing homework，you will get it done more efficiently（高效地） if you are well （7）o rganized and have time and space to concentrate（专注） on it.
For example，if your homework involves （需要） going online and you don't have your（8）o wn computer，make sure you 'book' some time on the family computer，or can use one in your school library.
If you have space，set up a homework 'office' （9）a lone at home with a table or desk and a comfortable chair.It should have good light，a place for your books，and your homework 'tool kit' .
It helps to get into a habit of doing homework early in the evening，and not （10）l eaving it until the last minute at weekends.After you've done it，reward yourself with some fun‘down﹣time' activities，such as some television or social networking time.

【考点】首字母阅读填空．
【分析】文章主要介绍了托盘式系统来完成作业，介绍了它的具体做法与好处。
【解答】（1）forget.考查动词。根据句意，一些人与作业的问题不是他们发现它太难，或者要花太长时间，而是他们__他们要做什么且什么时候做。结合空缺处，以f开头，可知需要填入一个动词，表示"忘记"，用forget.结合时态是一般现在时态，主语是they，所以用动词原形forget。故答案为forget。
（2）needs.考查动词。根据句意，这个可能是因为他们不详细地写下什么__做，或者没有做好笔记什么时候要交。结合空缺处，以n开头，可知需要填入一个动词，表示"需要"，用need.结合时态用一般现在时态，且前面有what，所以用needs。故答案为needs。
（3）use.考查名词。根据句意，如果你有一个很好的学校计划，充分__它来记录里你需要做什么。结合空缺处，以u开头，可知需要填入一个名词，表示"利用"，用use.构成固定搭配make good use of表示"充分利用"。故答案为use。
（4）when.考查特殊疑问词。根据句意，如果你有一个很好的学校计划，充分利用它来记录里你需要做什么。如果没有，用一本日记本或者笔记本来记录下哪些需要上交且__.结合空缺处，以w开头，可知需要填入一个特殊疑问词，表示"什么时候"，用when。故答案为when。
（5）waiting.考查动名词。根据句意，你可以设立一个托盘式系统，所以你可以看到什么是__要做的。结合空缺处，以w开头，可知需要填入一个动词，表示"等待"，用wait.结合前面有is，可知需要用现在进行时，所以需要用动名词，用waiting.。故答案为waiting。
（6）ready.考查形容词。根据句意，这是一个托盘你或者浅盒子，你可以每天晚上放你的作业上去直到你__做它。结合空缺处，以r开头，可知需要用固定搭配be ready to do sth表示"准备好做某事"，所以填入ready。故答案为ready。
（7）organized.考查动词。根据句意，虽然没有人真的期待做作业，但是你如果很好地__且有时间和空间专注它的话就会更高效地完成它。结合空缺处，以o开头，可知需要填入一个动词，表示"组织，安排"，用organize.结合这里需要用被动语态，所以用动词的过去分词organized。故答案为organized。
（8）own.考查形容词。根据句意，比如，如果你的作业需要上网而你没有你__的电脑。结合空缺处，以o开头，可知需要用固定搭配one' own表示"某人自己的"，填入own.故答案为own。
（9）alone.考查副词。根据句意，如果你有空间，__在家设置一个作业办公室，可以带一张桌子或凳子和一个舒服的椅子。结合空缺处，以a开头，可知需要填入一个副词，表示"单独"，用alone.故答案为alone。
（10）leaving.考查动词。根据句意，它帮助在晚上早点时候养成做作业的习惯，且不会__它直到周末的最后一分钟。结合空缺处，以l开头，可知需要填入一个动词，表示"留下"，用leave。and后面的成分和doing homework early in the evening并列，作介词of的宾语。故答案为leaving。
【点评】（1）forget.（2）needs.（3）use.（4）when.（5）waiting.（6）ready.（7）organized.（8）own.（9）alone.（10）leaving
4．（2021•扬州）Chinese people started to build gardens more than 2，000 years ago.Chinese gardens are a special form of （1）t raditional Chinese culture and art.
At the entrance to a Chinese garden，there is usually a huge stone or wall to screen（挡住）your view.This is to give you a pressed﹣in feeling，in order to later produce unexpected joy （2）w hen you turn around the hall to see the amazing rock formations（假山）and a big lake.The best （3）e xample is the Summer Palace.
Rock formations play an （4）i mportant role in the design of a Chinese﹣style garden.Without them，a garden could not be considered a Chinese﹣style garden.They are as important to a Chinese﹣style garden as sculptures are to a European﹣style garden.Ge Garden in Yangzhou is famous for （5）i ts Four Seasons Rockeries（假山花园）.
（6）G ardens in the south are mostly small in size.Chinese garden designers have used the method of "borrowing scenery with a mirror（镜子）" to create a sense of （7）s pace .A mirror is hung opposite a window to take in the outside scenery.A fine example of this is Pian Shi Shan Fang，a rockery in He Garden，Yangzhou.A big mirror is built into the wall of its west corridor.The whole garden will be （8）s een in the mirror wherever the visitors are.A pool or a lake in a garden （9）a lso serves this purpose.A pool runs from south to north through the garden of Pian Shi Shan Fang.East of the rockery，a man﹣made moon is reflected（倒映）in the （10）p ool .
Whatever methods used，every effort is made to achieve the purpose of giving visitors a sense of space in the garden.
【考点】首字母阅读填空．
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍中国园林的特点和风格。
【解答】（1）traditional ，考查的是形容词，句意：中国园林是中国传统文化和艺术的一种特殊形式。根据"Chinese gardens are a special form of t…Chinese culture and art."和常识可知，"传统的"符合语境，作定语修饰Chinese culture and art，故填：traditional。
（2）when，考查的是连词，这是为了给你一种紧张的感觉，以便之后当你转过大厅看到惊人的岩层和一个大湖时产生意想不到的喜悦。分析"This is to give you a pressed﹣in feeling，in order to later produce unexpected joy w…you turn around the hall to see the amazing rock formations（假山）and a big lake."可知，"当……时"符合语境，用when引导时间状语从句，故填：when。
（3）example，考查的是名词，句意：最好的例子就是颐和园。分析"The best e…is the Summer Palace."可知，"例子"符合语境，此前有the best修饰，使用名词单数，故填：example。
（4）important，考查的是形容词，句意：岩层在中式园林的设计中起着重要的作用。分析"Rock formations play an i…role in the design of a Chinese﹣style garden."可知，"重要的"符合语境，play an important role"起到重要作用"，故填：important。
（5）its，考查的是物主代词，句意：扬州个园以四季假山而闻名。分析"Ge Garden in Yangzhou is famous for i…Four Seasons Rockeries（假山花园）."可知，此处指"Ge Garden"，用it代替，作定语修饰"Four Seasons Rockeries"，用形容词性物主代词形式，故填：its。
（6）gardens，考查的是名词，句意：南方的花园大多是小的。根据"G…in the south are mostly small in size."和全文描述可知，"花园"符合语境，根据"are"可知，应用名词复数，故填：Gardens。
（7）space，考查的是名词，句意：中国园林设计师采用"借镜取景"的方法来营造一种空间感。分析"Chinese garden designers have used the method of ‘borrowing scenery with a mirror（镜子）' to create a sense of s…"可知，是营造空间感，a sense of space"一种空间感"，故填:space。
（8）seen，考查的是被动语态，句意：无论游客在哪里，整个花园都能映入镜子。根据"The whole garden will be s…in the mirror wherever the visitors are."可知，"看到"符合语境，主语是动作的承受者，用被动语态，will be done一般将来时的被动语态，故填：seen。
（9）also，考查的是副词，句意：花园里的水池或湖泊也可以起到这个作用。根据前文和"A pool or a lake in a garden a…serves this purpose."可知，此处表示"也"，用于句中，故填：also。
（10）pool，考查的是形容词，句意：在假山的东面，有一个人造的月亮映在水池里。根据前文"A pool or a lake in a garden a…serves this purpose."可知，"池塘"符合语境，根据"a man﹣made moon is reflected（倒映）in the p…"可知，此处特指表单数，故填：pool。
【点评】首先要了解文章大意，理解句子含义，还要注意词形变化。
5．（2020•南通）Reyes Guana grew up in a poor Mexican family．He has seven brothers and sisters．His parents always had two jobs to make ends meet．At weekends，the whole （1）f amily went to fields to work．When the children were young，they stayed in the car．As they grew （2）o lder they worked too．
As a boy，Guana was a "very shy" child who was very （3）q uiet in school．He had few friends but he had a good relationship with the school cleaner．He liked to call the friendly lady "Nike" because she usually wore Nike clothes and shoes．Nike was well organized and the boy liked （4）h ow she made everything clean．He told her he wanted to be a cleaner，too． "Well，it's good if you want to be a cleaner，" Nike said to little Guana with （5）k indness ． "But make sure you go to college and make it as one of your steps there．"
Guana also looked up to the principal （校长） of his school．He was a tall and good﹣looking man．Also，he always went to someone in （6）n eed ．The principal told the boy that his job was to help students and teachers． "Wow，when I grow up，I want to do what you're doing．" "Well，you can do it!" the principal （7）r eplied ．Guana did get there，and the two men remain friends．The former principal is now almost 90 years old．
But （8）b efore becoming a school principal，Guana followed in Nike's footsteps and worked for three schools in Lodi，California．And being a cleaner at a school made him think about how to show respect for everyone in an organization．In Guana's school system today，everyone is （9 i nvited to parties and events．Everyone is important not only the people who clean the floors or drive the buses but also the people who teach the students or lead the schools．
He never （10）f orgot where he came from，or how he felt．Now，Guana tells his own three children how important an education is for their lives．
【考点】首字母阅读填空．
【分析】文章主要讲了Reyes Guana的成长故事，小时候他很喜欢学校的清洁工和校长，与他们的关系相处不错，他们都给了他奋斗的方向﹣即要获得教育，当Guana长大后，他从不会忘记他从哪里来或者是他的感受如何，他也教育自己的三个孩子教育对人生的重要性．
【解答】（1）family．考查名词．根据句意，在周末，这整个__都去农场工作．结合空缺处，以f开头，前面有the 特指，可知需要填入一个名词单数，表示"家庭"，用family．故答案为family．
（2）older．考查形容词的比较级．根据句意，当孩子们还小的时候，他们待在车里．当他们长得__，他们也工作．结合空缺处，以o开头，可知需要填入一个形容词的比较级，表示"年龄更大的"，用older．故答案为older．
（3）quiet．考查形容词．根据句意，Guana是一个在学校里非常__的"非常害羞"的孩子．结合空缺处，以q开头，可知需要填入一个形容词，表示"安静的，内向的"，用quiet．故答案为quiet．
（4）how．考查特殊疑问词．根据句意，Nike被安排地很好且这个男孩喜欢她__让所有东西都干净．结合空缺处，以h开头，可知需要填入一个特殊疑问词，表示"如何"，用how．故答案为 how．
（5）kindness．考查名词．根据句意，Nike 对小 Guana__说"但是确保你要去上大学且把它作为你的一个步骤．"结合空缺处，以k开头，可知需要填入一个名词，表示"善良"，用kindness．故答案为kindness．
（6）need．考查固定搭配．根据句意，同时，他总是去找需要帮助的人．结合空缺处，以n开头，可知需要用固定搭配in need表示"需要帮助"，填入need．故答案为need．
（7）replied．考查动词．根据句意，校长__"你可以做到！"结合空缺处，以r开头，可知需要填入一个动词，表示"回答"，用reply．结合时态是一般过去时，所以动词用过去式，用replied．故答案为replied．
（8）before．考查介词．根据句意，但是在成为一个学校校长__，Guana 跟随者 Nike的脚步且在Lodi和California的三个学校工作．结合空缺处，以b开头，可知需要填入一个介词，表示"在……之前"，用before．故答案为before．
（9）invited．考查动词．根据句意，每个人都被邀请去聚会和各种大事．结合空缺处，以i开头，可知需要填入一个动词，表示"邀请"，用invite，结合主语everyone与invite的关系，可知需要用被动语态，动词要用过去分词，用invited．故答案为invited．
（10）forgot．考查动词．根据句意，他从来都不会__他从哪里来或者他感受如何．结合空缺处，以f开头，可知需要填入一个动词，表示"忘记"，用forget．结合句子中came动词的提示，可知需要用一般过去时，动词用过去式，用forgot．故答案为forgot．
【点评】本题考查首字母阅读填空，在理解文章意思的基础上，结合语境，仔细分析，便可得出正确答案．
6．（2020•泰州） Sometimes we fall in love with something at once and sometimes it takes long．The same is true with poems．If we're lucky（1）e nough ，we open a book and find a poem that attracts us at once．But usually we need to spend a little（2）t ime or make a little effort to truly understand a poem，Today I′d like to talk about reading poems in ways that make the experience better．
Reading a poem repeatedly will deepen your understanding of it．Sometimes a poem that seems（3）b oring on first reading becomes interesting with more reading．A poem that feels meaningless becomes deeper and more meaningful．
And sometimes you′re just not in the right mood the first time you read a poem，but（4）l ater it touches your heart．
Keep a（5）d ictionary at hand when you are reading poems．Poets like to use unusual words．Instead of skipping over（跳过） these words or trying to（6）g uess their meanings，look them up．
Read aloud and listen to the poem．Reading aloud will make the poem′s rhythm clear．Besides，a poet′s reading is very helpful（7）b ecause we can understand the poem's meanings from where the poet places emphasis（强调） or pauses（停顿）．
After you finish reading a poem，take a few moments to consider（8）w hat it is saying．Sometimes its meanings are better understood（9）t hrough repeated reading．Other times they need our careful and deep thought on a poem．
It is（10）h ard to say whether there's a right or wrong way to read poems，but reading practices will enrich your experience，increase your enjoyment，and deepen your understanding of any poem．

【考点】首字母阅读填空．
【分析】文章主要讲了阅读诗歌的一些方法．
【解答】（1）enough．考查副词．根据句意，如果我们有__幸运，我们打开一本书就能发现一首诗马上能吸引我们的注意力．结合空缺处，以e开头，可知需要填入一个副词，表示"足够地"，用enough．故答案为enough．
（2）time．考查名词．根据句意，但是通常我们需要花一点__或者做一点努力来理解一首诗．结合空缺处，以t开头，可知需要填入一个名词，表示"时间"，不可数名词，用time．故答案为time．
（3）boring．考查形容词．根据句意，有时候一首诗第一次读的时候看起来很__，而多读了几次就会变得有趣．结合空缺处，以b开头，可知需要填入一个形容词，与interesting意思相反，表示"无聊的"，用boring．故答案为boring．
（4）later．考查副词．根据句意，且有时候你不是适当的心情去第一次读一首诗，但是__它感动到了你的心．结合空缺处，以l开头，可知需要填入一个副词，表示"后来"，用later．故答案为later．
（5）dictionary．考查名词．根据句意，当你读诗的时候随手带着一本__．结合空缺处，以d开头，结合后文look them up，可知是查阅字典．前面有a，可知需要填入一个名词单数，表示"字典"，用dictionary．故答案为dictionary．
（6）guess．考查动词．根据句意，不是跳过这些单词或者设法__他们的意思，查一下他们．结合空缺处，以g开头，可知需要填入一个动词，表示"猜测"，用guess．结合固定搭配try to do sth表示"设法做某事"，所以用动词原形guess．故答案为guess．
（7）because．考查连词．根据句意，除此之外，一首诗歌的阅读是很有帮助的，__我们可以从诗歌强调或者停顿的位置理解诗歌的意思．结合空缺处，以b开头，可知需要填入一个连词，表示原因，用because．故答案为because．
（8）what．考查特殊疑问词．根据句意，在你读完了一首诗歌后，花一会儿时间考虑下它在说__．结合空缺处，以w开头，可知需要填入一个特殊疑问词，表示"什么"，用what．故答案为what．
（9）through．考查介词．根据句意，有时候__不断重复的阅读，它的意思会更好理解．结合空缺处，以t开头，可知需要填入一个介词，表示"通过"，用through．故答案为through．
（10）hard．考查形容词．根据句意，很__说是否有一种好的或者坏的方式去读诗歌，但是朗读练习将会丰富你的经验．结合空缺处，以h开头，可知需要填入一个形容词，表示"困难的"，用hard．故答案为hard．
【点评】题目要求根据首字母提示填写适当的单词补全短文，考查学生对语境的理解能力及对所学词汇的把握和运用能力．做题时，先把上下文语境或句意与首字母提示结合起来，推出所需单词；然后根据语法知识填写单词的适当形式．
7．（2020•扬州）Our lives changed tracks the day our son was born．We （1）w ondered whether we should move back to our home country Brazil．I remember looking down at our newborn baby and thinking about how different his life would be there．
During the ten years away from my big family and my culture，I missed the delicious foods，samba，Brazilian jujitsu（柔术），and sunny skies．My wife （2）m issed our homeland too．As a musician，it would be （3）e asier for her to do her work in Brazil．But in the United Kingdom，I had the funding and lab resources for my research．Would such a move be a disadvantage to my career？
A few weeks later，my brother called from Brazil，telling me that our father had passed away．The great happiness I felt about my son′s birth suddenly gave way to deep （4）s adness ．We had no doubt it was the right time to （5）r eturn to Brazil．We applied for the professor positions at a university in our hometown and （6）b oth received offers．
（7）H owever ，it wasn't easy getting started with my research in Brazil．I didn't receive any start﹣up funding for my lab．Now，thanks to Brazilian funding，I have a team of bright young scientists and can （8）a fford expensive lab resources．
We are living the lives we wanted to live﹣﹣working on rewarding research and feeling closer to our family and （9）c ulture in our home country．My son is growing up close to his cousins．I take up Brazilian jujitsu training，which I haven′t been able to do during my years （10）a broad ．My wife and I feel happy to find a way home．
【考点】首字母阅读填空．
【分析】本文讲述了作者和妻子在国外的10年里无时无刻的不想念家乡的一切，因为父亲的离世，他们决定回到家乡工作，虽然刚开始回到家乡作者的实验研究方面遇到了一些问题，但在政府的帮助下，这些困难慢慢解决了，作者终于过上了自己想要的生活．
【解答】（1）wondered．考查动词，根据句子结构，此句是一个宾语从句，根据whether we should move back to our home country Brazil，可知，作者想知道是否要搬回家乡，且"想知道"的这个动作是发生在儿子出生的那个时候，所以句子用一般过去时，故答案为wondered．
（2）missed．考查动词，句中too表示与上文的情况相同，根据 During the ten years away from my big family and my culture，I missed the delicious foods，可知，作者的妻子也想念家乡，本段是描述过去发生的事情，句子用一般过去时，故答案为missed．
（3）easier．考查比较级，be后接形容词作表语．根据But in the United Kingdom，I had the funding and lab resources for my research"但在英国，我的研究有资金和实验室资源"可知，作为一名音乐家，在巴西工作对于作者的妻子来说更容易，填easy的比较级，故答案为easier．
（4）sadness．考查名词，deep是形容词，后接名词．根据telling me that our father had passed away，可知，作者的父亲去世了，他肯定会很难过，故答案为sadness．
（5）return．考查动词，根据my brother called from Brazil，telling me that our father had passed away，可知，作者的哥哥从巴西打来电话，告诉作者父亲去世了，所以作者肯定是立刻返回巴西，故答案为return．
（6）both．考查代词，根据We applied for the professor positions at a university in our hometown ，可知，作者和妻子同时申请了家乡一所大学的教授职位，并同时收到了录取通知书，故答案为both．
（7）However．考查副词，根据it wasn't easy getting started with my research in Brazil及所给首字母，可知，然而在巴西作者开始研究的工作并不是那么容易，此处表转折，故答案为However．
（8）afford．考查动词，can是情态动词，后接动词原形．根据I didn't receive any start﹣up funding for my lab．Now，thanks to Brazilian funding，可知，作者刚回到家乡时没有得到任何启动资金，多亏了巴西政府，让作者能够支付得起昂贵的实验室资源，故答案为afford．
（9）culture．考查名词，and连接并列成分，family名词，填名词。根据首字母提示可知，在祖国应该更亲近"文化"，填名词culture，故答案为culture．
（10）abroad．考查副词，根据During the ten years away from my big family and my culture，可知，在过去的时间里，作者是常住国外的，故答案为abroad．
【点评】题目要求根据首字母提示填写适当的单词补全短文，考查学生对语境的理解能力及对所学词汇的把握和运用能力．做题时，先把上下文语境或句意与首字母提示结合起来，推出所需单词；然后根据语法知识填写单词的适当形式．
8．（2019•徐州）My favourite clothing is an old biker jacket．It （1） is made （make） of thick black leather and it has a red lining．It belonged to my mother when she was young，so it's very old now!
Why do I love my jacket？Because it （2） was （be） once my mother's and because it is very practical．I （3） don't need （not need） to iron it and I never need to get it cleaned．It （4） keeps （keep） me warm and dry，so I wear it all the time，except in summer．Also，leather jackets never go out of fashion and you can wear them with jeans，skirts and dresses．
The other day，I was in a cafe and I left the jacket on the back of my chair．I（5） realized （realize） it when I was on the bus and I thought I'd lost it forever．At that moment a young guy jumped onto the bus and he （6） was holding （hold） my jacket in his hand!He had run after me down the road with it．We started chatting and I made a new friend．Now I think of it as my lucky jacket．
【考点】语法填空．
【分析】短文讲述了我与我最喜欢的一件夹克衫的故事．
【解答】（1）．is made考查被动语态，be made of…由……制成，根据上下文可知用一般现在时的被动语态，句意：它是由黑色厚皮革制成的，内衬是红色．故答案是is made
（2）．was考查一般过去时，根据once my mother's 可知用一般过去时，主语it 指单数，be动词用was，句意：因为它曾经是我母亲的，而且非常实用．故答案是was
（3）．don't need考查一般现在时，根据and I never need to get it cleaned可知用一般现在时，主语是I，所以否定句是don't need，句意：我不需要熨烫它，也不需要清洗．故答案是 don't need
（4）．keeps考查一般现在时，根据so I wear it all the time用一般现在时，主语 It ，谓语动词用形容成单数形式keeps，句意：它让我保持温暖和干燥，故答案是keeps
（5）．realized考查一般过去时，根据when I was on the bus 可知用一般过去时，句意：我在公共汽车上意识到了它，我以为我会永远失去它．故答案是realized
（6）．was holding考查过去进行时，根据At that moment a young guy jumped onto the bus and …可知用过去进行时，句意：那一刻，一个年轻人跳上公共汽车，他手里拿着我的夹克！故答案是was holding
【点评】语法填空题要根据上下文语境，运用语法和词汇知识，反复推敲以求得解答．对于同义词和近义词的选项，在充分考虑到上下文具体语境下特别注意这些同义词和近义词搭配．本文主要考查了动词、名词、形容词、副词等，需要考生弄懂上下文的语境．
9．（2018•镇江）With the development of modern technology， digital devices（数码设备） have been seen everywhere． People often check what is （1）h appening in the world on the Internet， keep in touch with friends through emails， or even start to read e﹣books． （2）H owever ， many people still prefer paper books to e﹣books because they think that brains work （3）b etter when reading paper books．
Now， some scientists have come up with some （4）d ifferent ideas． They believe how brains work is not greatly affected by the way people read， but depends on the following factors（因素）． They （5）i nclude the type and content of reading materials， the （6）p urpose of reading． etc． When people read for entertainment， like news about star families or （7）f unny stories， reading paper books or e﹣books makes no difference． When people read to gain （8）k nowledge about science， reading paper books is more helpful． Brains need longer to deal with harder problems． Usually， taking notes by （9）h and on paper books takes longer than typing（打字） notes out on digital devices． So it's （10）e asy for you to remember key points when you read paper books． Next time， when you read e﹣books about science， just remember to slow down and give your brain more time．
【考点】首字母阅读填空．
【分析】这是一篇日常生活类阅读，主要介绍随着现代技术的发展，数码设备随处可见．很多人开始阅读电子书．然而，许多人仍然喜欢纸质书．用手在纸质书上做笔记要比在数字设备上打出笔记要花更长的时间．所以当你阅读纸质书时很容易记住要点．总之，阅读材料的类型、内容和目的对大脑的运作有影响．
【解答】1．happening；考查现在分词．句意"人们经常在网上查看世界上__的事情"．根据首字母提示，可知，应该是"发生"．表示现在正在进行的动作，用现在进行时态，结构是is/am/are+动词的现在分词．填happen的现在分词happening．
2．However；考查连词．句意"__，许多人仍然喜欢纸质书胜过电子书"．根据上一句People often check what is happening in the world on the Internet， keep in touch with friends through emails， or even start to read e﹣books人们经常在网上查阅世界上发生的事情，通过电子邮件与朋友保持联系，甚至开始阅读电子书．及首字母提示，可知，表示转折，用However然而．
3．better；考查比较级．句意"然而，许多人仍然喜欢纸质书，而不是电子书，因为他们认为在阅读纸质书时大脑工作得___"．根据首字母提示，可知，应该是"更好"．两者比较，且修饰动词work工作．用副词well的比较级better．
4．different；考查形容词．句意"一些科学家提出了一些___想法"．根据下一句They believe how brains work is not greatly affected by the way people read， but depends on the following factors（因素）． 他们相信大脑如何工作并不受人们阅读方式的影响，而是取决于以下因素． 及首字母提示，可知，应该是"不同的"．修饰名词ideas想法．用形容词different．
5．include；考查动词．句意"它们__阅读材料的种类和内容"．根据上一句but depends on the following factors而是取决于以下因素．及首字母提示，可知，应该是"包括"．主语they它们．一般现在时态，谓语动词用原形include．
6．purpose；考查名词．句意"它们包括阅读材料的种类和内容，阅读的__"．根据首字母提示，可知，应该是"目的"．the purpose of…"…的目的"．填purpose．
7．funny；考查形容词．句意"当人们阅读娱乐节目时，比如说关于明星家庭的新闻或__故事"．根据首字母提示，可知，应该是"有趣的"．修饰名词stories故事．用形容词funny．
8．knowledge；考查名词．句意"当人们阅读去获得科学__时，阅读纸质书籍更有帮助"．根据首字母提示，可知，应该是"知识"．填不可数名词knowledge．
9．hand；考查名词．句意"通常，在纸质书上用___写笔记要比在数字设备上输入笔记更费时"．根据首字母提示，可知，应该是"手"．一只手写字，用单数名词hand．
10．easy；考查形容词．句意"所以当你读纸质书时，你很___记住要点"．根据上一句Usually， taking notes by hand on paper books takes longer than typing（打字） notes out on digital devices通常，在纸质书上用手写笔记要比在数字设备上输入笔记更费时．及首字母提示，可知，应该是"容易的"．it is+形容词+for sb to do sth对某人来说，做某事是…填形容词easy．
【点评】首字母填空题．解答此类题型的方法一般就是根据文章前后句子之间意思推断出词义，并结合首字母推断出所缺单词，然后根据该单词在句子中的句子成分，所起作用，确定单词词形，进行适当词形变化．
10．（2021•徐州）Hello，Lingling!
My music lesson last week（1） was （be） amazing!We've got a Chinese exchange student at our school，and he joined（2） us （we） in the band practice.He had an amazing instrument from China.I can't remember what it （3） is named （name），but it has two strings，and is a bit like a violin.It sounded amazing!Do you know what it could be？
I also want （4） to know （ know） why Chinese music always sounds so（5） relaxing （relax） and calm to me.Do you have any recommendations for different types of Chinese music I can listen to？The school holidays（6） will come （come） soon.Perhaps，over the holidays，I can learn a lot（7） more （ much） about Chinese music.
I（8） have started （start） lessons in Physics and Chemistry already.I'm（9） really （real） excited because I love these（10） subjects （ subject）.
I look forward to hearing back from you!
Sandy
【考点】语法填空．
【分析】本文主要是珊迪写给玲玲的一封信，信中讲了珊迪上周的一节奇妙的音乐课。
【解答】（1）was.考查be动词。根据last week判断时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，my music lesson后be动词用was，句意理解为上周我的音乐课很奇妙，故答案为was。
（2）us.考查人称代词宾格。we为人称代词主格，动词后用宾格作宾语，句意理解为我们学校有一个中国的交换生，而且他加入了我们的乐队练习，故答案为us。
（3）is named.考查被动语态。根据has判断时态为一般现在时，结合句意，我不记得它叫什么名字了，但是它有两根弦，有点像小提琴，判断空格处用被动语态表示，谓语动词用is +动词的过去分词，故答案为is named.。
（4）to know.考查动词不定式。want后跟动词不定式，句意理解为我还想知道为什么中国音乐对我来说听起来总是那么放松和平静。故答案为to know。
（5）relaxing.考查形容词。sound为系动词，后跟形容词，Chinese music为物，据此判断空格处用加﹣ing的形容词，句意理解为我还想知道为什么中国音乐对我来说听起来总是那么放松和平静。故答案为relaxing。
（6）will come.考查一般将来时。根据soon判断时态为一般将来时，谓语动词用will+动词原形，句意理解为很快学校假期就要到了，故答案为will come。
（7）more.考查形容词比较级。much为形容词，a lot修饰形容词比较级，句意理解为也许，在假期里，我可以学到更多关于中国音乐的知识，故答案为more。
（8）have started.考查现在完成时。根据already判断时态为现在完成时，谓语动词为have+动词的过去分词，句意理解为我已经开始上物理和化学课了，故答案为have started。
（9）really.考查副词。excited为形容词，real为形容词，要变为副词修饰形容词，句意理解为我非常激动，故答案为really。
（10）subjects.考查可数名词复数。these，这些，后跟可数名词复数，句意理解为我非常激动因为我热爱这些科目，故答案为subjects。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，紧密结合上下文判断句意，根据句意及首字母判断空格处词义，根据相关知识点写出词语的正确形式，完成后再次阅读查看语意是否正确。
11．（2021•镇江）One of the founders of the Communist Party of China once wrote about youth.The youth are like the early spring，like the morning sun，like the budding flowers，like the sharp blade fresh off the grinding stone.Youth is the most v（1） aluable time of life.
Youth is a relatively （相对地） short p（2） eriod in one's life.During this time，habits and interests are formed for the r（3） est of your life.So it's important to have a good start.
But what is the s（4） pirit of youth？It's a time to begin the process of self﹣reliance and self﹣motivation.Sure，you might have parents and friends help you now，but f（5） inally ，you must depend on yourself.W（6） ithout needing help or advice，your character and confidence can be built by yourself.No one can f（7） orce you to get good grades or get the perfect job — those responsibilities （责任） are yours.O（8） nly you can be the master of your life.
When you are in trouble，continue trying.T（9） rain yourself to be strong.Tell yourself that difficulties are not always problems.You can do the work that others can't.Anything w（10） orth doing isn't easy — it's best to learn that lesson early.Never complain and always work hard to achieve your dreams.
【考点】首字母阅读填空．
【分析】青年时期是人们最宝贵的一段时间，作者建议我们靠自己，不要依赖别人，只有自己能主宰自己的命运，也告诉我们永远不要抱怨，要永远努力实现自己的梦想。
【解答】（1）valuable.考查形容词。life为名词，用形容词，结合句意，青春是生命中最_____时光。结合首字母，判断空格处词义为宝贵的，故答案为valuable.
（2）period.考查名词。short为形容词，修饰名词，结合句意，生命中青春是一个相对短的_____，结合首字母，判断空格处词义为阶段，故答案为period。
（3）rest.考查名词。the为定冠词，后跟名词，结合句意，在这段时间里，习惯和兴趣会在你_____生活中形成，结合首字母，判断空格处词义为余下的，故答案为rest。
（4）spirit.考查名词。the为定冠词，后跟名词，结合下文，It's a time to begin the process of self﹣reliance and self﹣motivation.这是开始自力更生和自我激励的时候。据此判断问句是询问青春的精神是什么，故答案为spirit。
（5）finally.考查副词。结合句意，当然，你可以有父母和朋友帮助你，但是_____，你必须依靠自己，结合首字母，判断空格处词义为finally。
（6）Without.考查介词。结合句意，____需要帮助和建议，你的性格和信心可以由你自己建立。结合首字母，判断空格处词义为没有，故答案为Without。
（7）force.考查动词原形。can为情态动词，后跟动词原形，结合句意，没有人可以____你获得好成绩或获得好的工作，结合首字母，判断空格处词义为强迫，故答案为force。
（8）Only.考查副词。结合句意，_____你可以成为生活的主人，结合首字母，判断空格处词义为只有，故答案为Only.
（9）Train.考查动词原形。结合句意，____自己强大，结合首字母，判断空格处词义为训练，用动词原形开头，故答案为Train。
（10）worth.考查形容词。结合句意，_____做的任何事情不容易﹣﹣最好尽早学习那个课程，结合首字母，判断空格处词义为值得，用形容词作定语，故答案为worth。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，紧密结合上下文判断句意，根据句意及首字母判断空格处词义，根据相关知识点写出词语的正确形式，完成后再次阅读查看语意是否正确。
12．（2021•宿迁）A high﹣tech zebra crossing with flashing lights and audio warning（语音提示）（1） was put （put） into use for the（2） first （one） time in Bishan district，Chongqing a few months ago.It can also take pictures of the people who are against the traffic（3） rules （rule） in the area.
At a busy road in front of a gate of Bishan Middle School，the crosswalk is installed（安装）（4） to keep （keep） the students safe when they cross the road after school.
The zebra crossing area has light strips.When people cross the street，they flash to "tell"（5） drivers （drive）to slow down and wait for people to go across the street.At the same time，display screens（显示屏）on either side of the crosswalk tell people to only cross the street when the light（6） is （be）green.
Jiang Fei，a traffic（7） officer （office）in Bishan，said that the lighting system was very useful in the evenings and on（8） rainy （rain）and foggy days.
Rong Sheng from the school's safety department said，"In the past，our school safety guards（9） had （have）to stand in the middle of the road after school to stop the cars."
Now the students feel（10） safer （safe） than before after the installation of the smart crosswalk.
【考点】语法填空．
【分析】短文主要介绍几个月前，重庆市璧山区首次使用了一种带有闪光灯和语音提示的高科技斑马线，它可以提示人们注意交通规则，还可以拍摄当地违反交通规则的人的照片，更好地保护了学生们的安全。
【解答】（1）was put.考查被动语态。句意"几个月前，重庆市璧山区一种带有闪光灯和语音提示的高科技斑马线首次___。"根据a few months ago"几个月之前"可知，一般过去时态，主语high﹣tech zebra crossing"高科技斑马线"是动词短语put into use"投入使用"动作的承受者，用一般过去时态的被动语态，结构是was/were+动词的过去分词。主语high﹣tech zebra crossing单数，用was。put的过去分词是put。故答案为：was put。
（2）first.考查序数词。句意"几个月前，重庆市璧山区一种带有闪光灯和语音提示的高科技斑马线____次被投入使用。"one一，基数词。the first time"首次"。故答案为：first。
（3）rules.考查名词复数。句意"它还可以拍摄该地区违反交通___的人的照片。"这里填名词rule的复数rules"规则"表示泛指。故答案为：rules。
（4）to keep.考查不定式。句意"设置这种人行横道是___学生放学后过马路时的安全。"这里用不定式表示目的，to后跟动词原形keep"保持"。to keep"为了保持"。故答案为：to keep。
（5）drivers.考查副词复数。句意"它们闪现‘告诉'____减速，等待人们过马路。"drive驾驶，动词。这里应该是"司机"，填名词driver的复数divers表示泛指。故答案为：drivers。
（6）is.考查系动词。句意"当灯___绿色时。"根据动词原形tell可知，一般现在时态，主语light不可数名词，用be动词单数is"是"。故答案为：is。
（7）officer.考查名词。句意"蒋飞，璧山一名交通___。"office办公室，根据Jiang Fei"蒋飞"可知，应该是一名交通"官员"，不定冠词a修饰单数名词。故答案为：officer。
（8）rainy.考查形容词。句意"在___天和雾天。"rain下雨、雨，动词或名词。这里修饰名词day用形容词rainy"下雨的"。故答案为：rainy。
（9）had.考查动词。句意"过去，我们学校的安全保卫员___放学后站在路中间停下汽车。"根据In the past"在过去"可知，一般过去时态，用have的过去式had。had to"不得不"。故答案为：had。
（10）safer.考查比较级。句意"安装了智能人行横道后，现在的学生感到比以前___了。"safe"安全的"形容词，根据than"比"可知，两者比较，且feel是系动词，填形容词safe的比较级safer"更安全的"。故答案为：safer。
【点评】要注重对短文和句子的理解，结合语境，根据所给单词，并运用适当形式，分析时态、词性等变化，正确写出答案，注意单词拼写。
13．（2021•盐城）
Ways to reduce food waste
Food waste is a big problem around the world.While some people （1）t hrow away unwanted food，lots of people in other parts of the world face food shortages.
In order to reduce food waste，many （2）c ountries in the world like German and France have food banks.People and grocery stores can give extra food to them and they can give the food to （3）t hose in need.Shanghai Oasis opened China's first food bank in 2015.In five years，it saved seven million tons of food and （4）h elped 760，000 people.
Many fruits and （5）v egetables go to waste because they look ugly.For example，about 25 to 30 percent of carrots don't make it to the store because of their （6）l ooks .So try to buy ugly food next time，since it is （7）j ust as good as "normal" food.
Many Chinese restaurants are telling people to （8）o rder dishes by using the "N﹣1"formula. "N" （9）s tands for the number of people in your group.So if you're in a group of （10）s ix people，you should order five dishes.
To reduce food waste is a big task，and it needs time.Everyone can do something to make a difference.
【考点】首字母阅读填空．
【分析】本文主要讲了世界各地减少食物浪费的措施。
【解答】（1）throw.考查动词原形。根据face判断时态为一般现在时，people后谓语动词用原形，结合句意，当人们____不需要的食物，世界上其他地方的很多人面临食物短缺，结合首字母，判断空格处词义为扔，故答案为throw。
（2）countries.考查可数名词复数。many许多，后跟可数名词复数，结合句意，为了减少食物浪费，世界上很多_____，比如德国和法国有食物银行，结合首字母，判断空格处词义为国家，故答案为countries.
（3）those.考查指示代词。结合句意，人们和杂货店可以把额外的食物给他们并且他们可以把食物给需要的____，结合首字母，判断空格处词义为那些人，故答案为those。
（4）helped.考查动词过去式。根据判断时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，结合句意，五年里，它拯救了七百万吨食物并且_____76万人，结合首字母，判断空格处词义为帮助，故答案为helped。
（5）vegetables.考查可数名词复数。many很多，后跟可数名词复数，结合下文，about 25 to 30 percent of carrots don't make it to the store 可知大约25%到30%的胡萝卜没有到商店，因此判断题目中说到的是蔬菜被浪费，故答案为vegetables.
（6）looks.考查可数名词复数。their为形容词性物主代词，后跟名词，结合上文，Many fruits and vegetables go to waste because they look ugly.可知很多水果和蔬菜浪费因为它们长得丑，因此判断有些胡萝卜因为长相没有放入商店，look为可数名词，用复数表示类别，故答案为looks。
（7）just.考查副词。结合句意，所以下次试着买丑的食物，因为他____和普通食物一样好，结合首字母，判断空格处词义为只是，故答案为just。
（8）order.考查动词原形。to后跟动词原形表示目的，根据you should order five dishes.你应该点五份餐，判断中国餐馆让人们用"N﹣1"的方式点餐，故答案为order。
（9）stands.考查动词的第三人称单数形式。全文用一般现在时叙事，"N"后谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，结合句意，"N"____你们一行人的数量，结合首字母，判断空格处词义为代表，stand for短语，意为代表，故答案为stands。
（10）six.考查基数词。结合上文，Many Chinese restaurants are telling people to order dishes by using the "N﹣1"formula. "N" stands for the number of people in your group.可知很多中国餐厅告诉人们用"N﹣1"的公式点餐，"N"代表你们一行人的数量，因此判断应该点五份餐的时候是六个人，故答案为six。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，紧密结合上下文判断句意，根据句意及首字母判断空格处词义，根据相关知识点写出词语的正确形式，完成后再次阅读查看语意是否正确。
14．（2021•苏州）Does my goldfish know who I am？
I think this is a great question.I do spend my days（1） studying （study）how fish go about their lives.First of all，fish are much smarter than people think.People often talk of goldfish having three﹣second memories，but in fact they can learn all kinds of things，and remember them（2） for quite a long time.
This shouldn't surprise us too much.Just like other animals，they can find enough to eat.And（3） know （know） when it is safe to be out in the open.Being able to learn and remember things helps（4） them （they） do this.
Many kinds of fish can tell one from another，according to their group，their relatives（5） and/or even their own eggs.But fish live in（6） a very different world from us.For many kinds of fish，although seeing is important，（7） senses （sense） such as smell and touch are even more important.
So，does your fish know who you are？I believe your fish will（8） surely （sure） know when it is feeding time.My own fish become very（9） excited （excite）when my hand appears near their tank，even before I drop the food in.I'm not sure that your fish will be able to remember what your face（10） looks （look） like，but I wouldn't be too surprised if it could remember you in other ways，perhaps by the sound of your footsteps as you walk towards the tank.
【考点】语法填空．
【分析】本文主要介绍了金鱼能够学会很多东西，并且能够长久记住它们。它们依靠自己的嗅觉和触觉，而不仅仅是视觉来了解世界。
【解答】（1）studying.考查动名词。本句是spend time doing sth句型，意思是"花费时间做某事"，故应填study的动名词。句意：我确实花费了两天研究金鱼是怎样进行日常生活的。故填studying.
（2）for.考查介词。应填介词for，和后面的一段时间组成介宾结构，作为状语，表示"长达……（时间）"。句意：但是事实上他们能够学会各种东西，并在很长时间里记得它们。故填for.
（3）know.考查动词。应填动词know的原形，和前面的find作为并列成分，它们和情态动词can一起作为谓语。句意：就像其他动物一样，他们能够找到足够吃的东西，并且知道何时到外面去才是安全的。故填know.
（4）them .考查代词。应填代词them，作为宾语，表示"它们"。句意：能够学会和记住东西有助于它们做到这点。故填them .
（5）and/or.考查连词。根据语境所说句意是，根据鱼的种群、亲属、甚至其鱼卵，很多种类的鱼能够跟其他种类区分开来，应填and/or，来连接两个并列成分，意思是"和（或者）"。故填and/or.
（6）a.考查冠词。world是可数名词单数形式，且被以辅音开头的单词very所修饰，故用a来修饰限制，表示"一个（世界）"。句意：但是鱼类生活在一个跟我们很不同的世界。故填a.
（7）senses.考查名词。应填可数名词sense的复数，作为主句的主语，表示"感觉"。句意：尽管视觉是很重要的，但是嗅觉和触觉之类的感觉更加重要。故填senses .
（8）surely.考查副词。应填副词surely，作为状语，表示"当然"。句意：我相信你的金鱼当然知道喂食的时间。故填surely .
（9）excited.考查形容词。根据语境所说句意是，当我的手出现在鱼缸附近时，我的金鱼变得非常激动。应填形容词excited，作为表语，意思是"（感到）激动的"。故填excited.
（10）looks.考查动词。从句说的是现在的事实，故用一般现在时；主语是第三人称单数，故动词look用第三人称单数形式。句意：我不确定你的金鱼是否记得你的面孔的模样。故填looks.
【点评】首先要通读短文，掌握大意，特别要注意上下文之间的联系，确定某处的需要的词汇和形式，就可以确定正确答案。
15．（2020•徐州）When I look at this picture of myself，I realize how fast time flies．About one month after this picture（1） was taken （take），I became a primary school student．Around me in this picture are the things that （2） were （be）very important in my life at that time： toy cars and planes． I enjoyed（3） studying （study） different kinds of cars and planes． This picture brings back to （4） me （I）many happy memories of my childhood．
Since I was a kid，I（5） have considered/have been considering （consider） different jobs I would like to do．First，I wanted to be a fireman，because the uniform looked so cool．Then，when I was in the （6） sixth （six） grade，I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher so much．When I entered middle school，my dream was to open a restaurant．I wished to have a chain of restaurants in many different（7） cities （city）． If I succeeded in managing one， I would open （8） more （many）． Now I hope to be a surgeon． "That's a good （9） decision （decide）"， my parents say to me． I know I must try hard （10） to make （make） my dream come true．
【考点】语法填空．
【分析】时光飞逝，随着时间的变化，我的梦想也在变化．消防员﹣﹣教师﹣﹣﹣开连锁饭店﹣﹣外科医生．
【解答】（1）was taken．考查动词时态语态．根据空格前面的词语是"this picture"以及"I became a primary school student．"结合给出的英语提示，可知此处是指这张照片大约拍了一个月．对于照片来说，是被拍的，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态．故填was taken．
（2）were．考查动词时态．根据"Around me in this picture are the things that （2）____（be）very important in my life at that time"结合给出的英语提示，可知此处是指照片上我周围的东西都是在我一生中那个时候很重要的东西． 根据时间状语at that time，所以要用一般过去时来填空，又因为主语是things，所以要用were来填空．故填were．
（3）studying．考查动名词．根据空格前面的词语是"enjoyed"在enjoy后面要用动名词，enjoy doing固定短语，享受/喜欢做某事．故填studying．
（4）me．考查人称代词．根据"This picture brings back to "结合给出的英语提示，可知此处是指这张照片把我带回到了快乐的童年．在介词to后面，要有人称代词的宾格来填空．故填me．
（5）have considered/have been considering．考查动词时态．根据时间状语"Since I was a kid"可知此处要用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，表示从过去某时刻开始，一直延续到现在的动作，这个动作还有可能延续下去．故填have considered/have been considering．
（6）sixth．考查序数词．根据空格后面的词语是"grade"结合给出的英语提示，在年级前面要有序数词，故填sixth．
（7）cities．考查名词．根据空格前面的词语是"many "结合给出的英语提示，所以要用复数名词来填空．故填cities．
（8）more．考查形容词比较级．根据" If I succeeded in managing one， I would open （8）_____（many）．"结合给出的英语提示，可知此处是指如果我成功的经营了一个，我将会开的更多，用比较级．故填more．
（9）decision．考查名词．根据"That's a good "结合给出的英语提示，可知此处是指那是一个很好的决定．所以要用名词单数来填空．故填decision．
（10）to make．考查动词不定式．根据空格前面的词语是"try"结合给出的英语提示，可知此处是指我必须更努力实现我的梦想．try to do sth．故填to make．
【点评】首先要通读短文，掌握大意，特别要注意上下文之间的联系，确定某处的需要的词汇和形式，就可以确定正确答案．

考点卡片
1．首字母阅读填空
【考查能力介绍】
①首字母阅读填空常要求考生根据短文意思和所提供的首字母，写出一个完整、正确由能使短文通顺的单词．
②首字母阅读填空考查范围极广，是完型填空式中考试卷中最难的题型，最能测量考生实际运用语言的能力．它要求考生要有较强的语感，善于体会上下文的内在联系，还要有扎实的语言知识储备和较大的词汇量．
③该题的考查重点是名词、动词、形容词、副词和代词这几大词类．
【解题方法点拨】
做首字母阅读填空题，我们需要在自身知识积累足够的基础上，掌握一定的方法，以便快速准确地答题．
①通读全文，跳过空格，了解全文大意；
②结合所给首字母，综合考虑，初步确定答案；
③仔细推敲，注意词形的变化，从词法、句法、惯用法等方面考虑答案的准确性；
④复读全文，确保填入的词既能使句意通顺，又能做到语法、用词搭配的正确，避免不必要的失分．
解题步骤（以题为例）
Once， there was a little grey planet． People living on it hadn't looked after it well．（1）A____ they had excellent inventions and spaceships beyond our imagination， they made the planet（2）f____ of rubbish and pollution． As a result there were no plants or（3）a____ left．
One day， a little boy was walking on the（4）p____． When he passed a cave（山洞）， he noticed a small red（5）f____ in it． The flower was sick and almost dying． The boy（6）d____ it out carefully with its root and some soil． Then he tried to find somewhere to plant it， but he failed． He looked up in the sky and he found the（7）m____． He thought the flower might grow（8）w____ on the moon． So he climbed into a spaceship with the flower and（9）f____ to the moon． He grew the flower on the moon and took care of it every day． Soon the flowers spread all over the moon and the moon was（10）c____ with red flowers．
When all the flowers come out， the moon looks（11）____， like a warning light． If we don't look（12）a____ our earth carefully， the day will come when flowers will only be able to grow on the moon．
这是2018年咸宁的最新中考题，解题时要先通读全文，可以根据语境推知：（1）以首字母A开头的复合句前后是转折关系，应该用连词Although；（2）考查固定搭配，be full of；（3）以a开头和plants（植物）并列，很容易就能联想到是说动物，根据plants可知要用复数形式，animals；（4）（5）（7）（11）需要联系上下文从文中寻得答案，是送分题；（6）可根据语境得知是要挖出花儿，用动词dig，涉及到动词就需要考虑时态，上下文都是一般过去时，这里也需要用过去式dug；（8）以w开头用以修饰动词grow的，根据语境可知要用well；（9）根据提示词spaceship和首字母f可知应该是要飞向月球，同样用过去式flew；（10）根据spread all over the moon可以知道月球上被红花所覆盖，用固定搭配be covered with；（11）根据语境和首字母a可知此处要用after来组成词组look after．题目做完之后，把答案代入题中凭语感就可判断处答案正确与否．
【中考命题方向】
首字母填空类短文题是近几年各省、市题经常采用的题型之一．从近几年的考题来看，首字母填空题所考查的单词涉及的词性范围较广，各大词类几乎都有涉及．所设文章短小、精致，体裁不一，题材丰富，内容通俗易懂，与现代生活紧密相关，可读性、趣味性强，符合初中生的认知特点．
2．语法填空
【考查能力介绍】
①语法填空分为纯空格语法填空和单词的适当形式填空．对介词、连词、代词、冠词、从句引导词、情态动词等的考查一般是纯空格形式考查；对谓语动词、非谓语动词、名词、形容词、副词、形容词或副词的比较级或最高级等的考查一般是根据提示词填写单词的适当形式；也有给出音标或汉语提示的填空题出现．
②语法填空主要考查考生阅读理解的能力、分析句子结构的能力和熟练运用语法的能力．
【解题方法点拨】
①快速地阅读全文，从整体上掌握文章大意；
②再次阅读全文，先易（固定词组、常见句型或明显的语法结构）后难（名词、动词、形容词、副词，注意联系上下文），确定语义，判断词形．；
③三读全文，上下参照，验证答案：看上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章；语法结构是否正确无误．
解题步骤（以题为例）
World famous scientist Stephen Hawking（霍金）died（1） the age of seventy﹣six in his home in Cambridge， England on March 14． British Prime Minister Theresa May said Hawking was one of（2） （great） scientists of his time． She also said， "His achievements will not（3） （forget）．
Hawking was one of the most respected scientists in the modern history of（4） ['fIzIks]． Because of an uncommon disease（疾病）， he was kept to a wheelchair． （5） ， the disease did not stop Hawking from studying． He used every new day that life offered（6） （continue）his research of the universe（宇宙）． He said， "Where there is life， there is hope．" He developed（7） way of thinking about problems in his mind to reach a solution．
This way of thinking has led to his important discoveries． He was（8） （one） person to present the idea of some special energy in the universe． At the same time， Hawking tried to explain many of these difficult（9） （science）ideas to more people． He（10） （write） several popular science books， including the bestseller A Brief History of Time which made him a household（家喻户晓的）name．
Stephen Hawking spent his whole life understanding the universe． He is， no doubt， a legendary（传奇的）scientist of all time．
这是个设有10个空的语法填空题，其中有3个空无提示．我们可以这样解题：
首先，快速阅读全文，了解文章大意．
其次，我们需要在理解全文内容的基础上开始答题．（1）空是个固定搭配，at the age of．（5）空前后句表转折，空后有逗号，应该用副词however，句首首字母大写；（7）空后是个名词，前需加冠词，非特指用a；……根据先易后难的顺序一一填入答案．
最后，把所填答案带入原文通读，凭语感和所学知识判断是否正确．
【解题技巧】
①有提示词填空的解题技巧：
A．要考虑是否填名词的复数形式以及该名词的形容词、副词形式．
B．如果填空处是谓语，要考虑时态、语态和动词的第三人称单数；如果填空处是非谓语，根据对句子成分的分析和对语境的理解，要考虑填to do、doing还是done，同时，也要考虑该动作发生时间的先后以及与主语的关系（是主动关系还是被动关系），并填写相应的形式；在平时的模拟题中，有时还要根据句意填写该动词的名词形式，甚至是形容词或者副词形式．
②无提示词填空的解题技巧：
A．代词：这类设空比较少，通常是根据句子意思填一个与语境相关的代词；
B．冠词：如果设空处后面是名词，那么可以考虑是否要填冠词，再根据句子意思分析是特指还是泛指，并填上合适的冠词，在一些固定搭配中也会涉及冠词；
C．介词：这类设空一般比较简单，主要涉及动词短语中的介词搭配、形容词短语中的介词搭配以及一些固定的介词短语．
【中考命题方向】
中考中语法填空题更侧重对文章整体的把握，各地设空多少不一，大多是10空，在考试中考查最多的是谓语动词、非谓语动词和此类转换，其他语法比重虽不及这三个，但多少均有涉及，考生可以在平时的学习中进行专题训练，牢牢把握常见的13种基本语法．