最新高考英语二轮复习专题 阅读理解专题复习课件PPT

这是一份最新高考英语二轮复习专题 阅读理解专题复习课件PPT，共37页。PPT课件主要包含了考纲导航，主旨大意题，命题常用的提问方式， ，技巧小结，高考链接，真题再现，实战演练 ，How ，Tip等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Reading Cmprehensin
阅读理解专题—主旨大意题
针对阅读能力，要求考生能：1） 理解语篇主旨大意2） 理解文中具体信息3） 根据上下文推断生词词义4）根据文中事实和线索作出 简单判断和推理5） 理解文章的宏观结构和文脉 逻辑关系6）理解作者的观点、意图和态度7）提炼文章提纲、概括主要内容、理解关键信息
1. 主旨大意题2. 细节理解题3. 词/语义判断题4. 推理判断题
1. 标题类： 1)The best title/ headline fr this passage might be_________. 2)The text /passage culd be entitled_________. 3)What is the best title fr the passage? 4)Which f the fllwing wuld be suitable as a title fr the passage? 2. 大意类： 1) This passage chiefly deals with_________. 2) What’s the tpic/the main idea f the article? 3) What is the subject discussed in the text? 3. 目的类 1) The authr’s main purpse in writing the passage is_________. 2) The passage is meant t _________. 3) The purpse f this article is _________.
如： 1. Which f the fllwing can best serve as the title f this passage? 2.The purpse f this pster is t invite mre peple t _________. 3. What d yu think is the theme f the stry? 4. The authr writes the passage mainly t__________.
Passage 1 The panda is a ppular animal. Stries abut the panda in the Washingtn Z are always frnt page news and imprtant features n televisin newscasts. Stuffed pandas are amng the mst ppular tys fr children, and panda pstcards are always in demand in z gift shps.
1) 文首　开门见山,提出主题,随之用细节来解释, 支撑或发展 主题句所表达的主题思想. 最常见的演绎法写作方式。
应试技巧 如何寻找主题句
Tday the prblem f envirnment has becme mre and mre serius. The wrld ppulatin is rising, s quickly that the wrld has becme t crwded. We are using up ur natural resurces t quickly and at the same time we are plluting ur envirnment with dangerus chemicals. If we cntinue t d this, human life n earth will nt survive. Man has made great prgress in envirnment prtectin. Gvernments f many cuntries have established laws t prtect the frests and sea resurces and waste water and pisnus gases have been als dealt with. Still mre measures shuld be taken t slve the prblems. Peple shuld be further educated t realize the imprtance f the prblem, t use mdern methds f birth cntrl and learn t recycle ur natural resurces. We are sure that we shall have a better and cleaned planet in the future.
2). 首尾呼应 为突出主题, 作者先提出主题, 结尾时再次点出主题, 这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见. 通常, 前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复, 后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。
A human bdy appears t be rather sft and delicate, cmpared with that f a wild animal, but it is actually surprisingly strng. In deed, its very sftness and lseness is an advantage; it makes man gd at mving abut mvement f all living things f his wn size, because he can d s many different things with his limbs. Man’s games shw hw he can cntrl his wn bdy. N ther land creature can swim as skillfully as man; mre has such varied grace; very few lives as lng as he; nne is s strng in its natural resistance t disease. Therefre, man has a great advantage in his battle against the risks f damage and death that threaten him.
3). 文尾 在表述细节后, 归纳要点, 印象, 结论建议或结果, 以概括主题, 这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式 。
Nthing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark night if a tire ges flat. Few inventins are s helpful t a child wh is afraid f the dark. In fact, the mdern flashlight brings light t many dark situatins. Finding smething in the back f a clset is easy with a flashlight in hand. A camper als needs ne after the light f the campfire has been ut.
4). 文中 通常前面只提出问题， 文中的主题由随之陈述的 细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 而后又作进一步 的解释, 支撑或发展。
5). 无主题句 即主题句隐含在全文中, 没有明确的主题句，必须 根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综 合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。 必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时 过于宽泛，要恰如其分。
Jshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University fParis and decided t leave. He transferred t the University f Berlin and graduated with hnrs. HarvardLaw Schl and, later, Bstn Cllege prvided him with an excellent legal backgrund. He is presently a crpratin lawyer in Miami, Flrida.
Jshua Bingham received an excellent educatin.
The main idea:
文章主旨通常会出现在文首,文中或文尾，因此寻找主题句或主题段往往是做好此类题的关键。但当文中没有直接出现主题句，应对文章意思全面理解后归纳概括主旨，但不能太笼统即不切主题,言过其实或以偏概全。
It feels like an unbelievable strke f luck — f fate, really.When yu set ut t d smething different, there’s n end in sight, s t find myself in a psitin where I nw have my wn name n a cntract f the publisher — t be a published writer — is unbelievably rewarding. 52. What des the authr mainly want t tell readers in the last paragraph? A. It pays t stick t ne’s gal. B. Hard wrk can lead t success. C. She feels like being unexpectedly lucky. D. There is n end in sight when starting t d smething.
【试题解析】目的主旨题。本段作者表达他刚刚开始时“there’s n end in sight”到后来的“an unbelievable strke f luck” “t be a published writer — is unbelievably rewarding（有回报的）”是想要告诉读者，坚持自己的目标是值得的，总会碰到运气的降临。
　　Fr thse wh make jurneys acrss the wrld, the speed f travel tday has turned the cuntries int a series f villages. Distances between them appear n greater t a mdern traveler than thse which nce faced men as they walked frm village t village. Jet planes fly peple frm ne end f the earth t the ther, allwing them a freedm f mvement undreamt f a hundred years ag. … Man, hwever, is nw a wrld traveler and can nt turn his back n the airplane. The wrking lives f t many peple depend upn it; whle
new industries have been built arund itsdesign and peratin. The hliday maker, t, withlimited time t spend, patiently endures the busy airprts and limited space f the flight t gain thse extra hurs and even days, relaxing in the sun. Speed cntrls peple’s lives. Time saved in wrk r play is the imprtant thing—r s we are tld. Perhaps thse first hrsemen, riding free acrss the wild, pen plains, were enjying a better wrld than the ne we knw tday. They culd travel at will, and the clck was nt their master.
were enjying a better wrld
than the ne we knw tday
75. What is the main idea f the passage? A. Air travel benefits peple and industries. B. Train travel has sme advantages ver air travel. C. Great changes have taken place in mdern travel. D. The high speed f air travel is gained at a cst.
【试题解析】本文为议论文。主要就当今一些人追求有速度的旅游提出了自己的看法，作者建议人们不妨不坐飞机，改乘其他交通工具，好好欣赏人生的旅途。
　　Harvard researchers have created a tugh, lw­cst, bidegradable(可生物降解的) material inspired by insects' hard uter shells. The material's inventrs say it has a number f pssible uses and smeday culd prvide a mre envirnmentally friendly alternative t plastic. The material, made frm shrimp (虾) shells and prteins prduced frm silk, is called “shrilk.” It is thin, clear, flexible and strng. … Wrk n shrilk is cntinuing in the lab. The inventrs said the material becmes flexible when wet, s they’re explring ways t use it in wet envirnments. They’re als develping simpler prductin prcesses, which culd be used fr
第三模块 │ 题型探究
fr nn-medical prducts, like fr cmputer cases and ther prducts inside the hme. They’re even explring cmbining it with ther materials, like carbn fibers, t give it new prperties.
70. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the passage?　 A. Recent Prgress in Envirnmental Prtectin　 B. Benefits f Insects in Scientific Research　 C. The Harm f One­time Prducts　 D. A Pssible Alternative t Plastic
【试题解析】主旨大意题。考查对文章整体的归纳理解能力。本文是一篇科普说明文。介绍了科技新发现：从动物外壳提炼的具有可生物降解特性的材料以及它的广泛用途。选项D符合文意。
Franz Kafka wrte that "a bk must be the ax (斧子) fr the frzen sea inside us. " I nce shared this sentence with a class f seventh graders, and it didn't seem t require any explanatin. …
Yet, we cannt enrich (充实) the minds f ur students by testing them n texts that ignre their hearts. We are teaching them that wrds d nt amaze but cnfuse. We may succeed in raising test scres, but we will fail t teach that reading can be transfrmative and that it belngs t them.
70. The authr writes the passage mainly t________. A. intrduce classic wrks f literature B. advcate teaching literature t tuch the heart C. argue fr equality amng high schl students D. defend the current testing system
【试题解析】主旨大意题。纵观全文，主要介绍了作者讲述在自己教学生涯中，教学生文学阅读的亲身体验，故B项正确。
Paragraph ideas
Passage idea
Put yurself in the writer’s shes !
实战演练1 If yu were planning t buy a televisin set, the fllwing advertisement wuld certainly attract yur attentin: "Clr TV, nly $79. Tw-day sale. Hurry." Hwever, when yu g t the stre ready t buy, yu may discver that the advertised sets are sld ut. But the salesman is quick t reassure yu that he has anther mdel, a mre reliable set which is "just right fr yu." It csts $359. This sales tactic is called "bait and switch." Buyers are baited with a sales ffer, and then they are switched t anther mre cstly item. Buying items n sale requires careful cnsideratin f the merchandise（商品）and the reasns fr the sale. Which sentence best expresses the main idea? A. The custmer must be n his guard (警惕) when purchasing items n sale. B. Clr televisin sets which sell fr $79 are sld ut quickly. C. Many stres use the "bait and switch" technique t attract custmers. D. Anyne planning t buy a televisin set shuld lk fr a sale.
There is n cnvincing evidence that scial cnditining, the fact that girls' mthers talked them mre, is the reasn why girls talk mre than bys. Psychiatrist Dr Michael Lewis, authr Scial Behaviur and Language Acquisitin, cnducted experiments that fund mthers talked  t and lked at, baby girls mre ften than baby bys. Scientific evidence shws parents respnd t the brain bias f their children. Since a girl' s brain is better rganized t send and receive speech , we therefre talk t them mre. Cnsequently, mthers wh try t talk t their sns are usually pinted t receive nly shrt grunts (咕哝)in reply.
What des the authr want t tell us mst? A. Wmen' s brains are better rganized fr language and cmmunicatin B. Wmen lve t talk because they are mre sciable than men. C. Men d nt like talking because they rely mre n facts. D. Scial cnditining is nt the reasn why wmen lve talking.
实战演练3 In spite f the fact that cars frm Germany and Japan are flding the American market, Frd, General Mtrs and Chrysler are emplying mre wrkers than ever befre. The fld f cheaper fr-eign cars has nt cst American autwrkers their jbs as sme experts predicted. Frd perates as far as Asia, and General Mtrs is cnsidered Australian’s biggest emplyer. Yet General Mtrs has its huge American wrk frce and emplys hundreds f peple every day t meet the needs f an insatiable(不能满足的）sciety.
Which f the fllwing statements best expresses the main idea f the paragraph?A. GM is ne f the largest car prducers.B. Frd perates nt nly in the , but als in Asia.C. The freign cars have nt taken away the jbs f American autwrkers.D. The fld f the cheaper freign cars is terrible fr American autwrkers.
Many peple think a telephne is essential. But I think it’s a pest and a time waster. Very ften yu find it impssible t escape frm sme idle r curius chatterbx, r frm smebdy wh wants smething fr nthing. If yu have a telephne in yur wn huse, yu will admit that it tends t ring when yu are asleep, f in the middle f a meal r a cnversatin, r when yu are just ging ut, r when yu are taking yur bath. Are yu strng-minded enugh t ignre it, t say t yurself, “Ah, well, it will all be the same in a hundred year’s time?” Yu are nt. Yu think there are maybe sme imprtant news r messages fr yu . I can assure yu that if a message is really imprtant it will reach yu sner r later. Haven’t yu ever rushed dripping frm the bath, r chewing frm the table, r dazed frm the bed, nly t be tld that yu are a wrng number? But yu will say, yu need nt have yur name printed in the telephne directry, and yu can have a telephne which is nly unable fr utging calls. Besides yu will say, isn’t it imprtant t have a telephne in case f emergency-illness, an accident, r fire? Of curse yu are
I think perhaps I had better try t justify myself bytrying t prve that what I like is gd. I admit that in different circumstances-If yu were a business VIP, fr instance, r a bed ridden persn-I might find a telephne essential. But then if I were a taxi driver, I shuld find a car essential. Let me put it anther way: there are tw things fr which the English seem t shw particular talent. One is mechanical inventin, the ther is literature. My wn business happens t be with the use f wrds but I see I must nw stp using them. Fr I have just been handed a slip f paper t say that smebdy is waiting t speak t me n the telephne. I think I had better answer it .After all, ne never knws, it may be smething imprtant.
right, but here in a thickly ppulated cuntry like England, ne is seldm far frm a telephne in case f dreadful necessity.
hw we shuld be strng enugh t ignre a phne callB. the pssibility that imprtant message will reach yu sner r later C. whether it’s necessary t answer all telephne callsD. whether it is necessary t have a telephne
The passage is mainly abut_______.
A handshake signaled the passing f the batn(权杖 ) and start f a new era fr the wrld’s mst ppulus cuntry. The peple f China saw their new head f state elected n Thursday, carrying the dreams and aspiratins f abut 20 percent f the wrld's ppulatin n his shulders. Xi Jinping, leader f the Cmmunist Party f China, was elected president by nearly 3,000 deputies t the Natinal Peple's Cngress.
Trch passes t a new generatin
What is it mainly abut ?
What might be the best title?
Arg, the film abut the Iranian hstage crisis, wn the tp prize fr best picture at the Academy Awards Sunday in Ls Angeles, beating Lincln, which was widely expected t win. Ben Affleck, Arg's directr and c-prducer, thanked "everyne wh had anything t d with the mvie" in his acceptance speech. First lady Michelle Obama made a surprise appearance frm the White Huse tward the end f the ceremny. She praised the films that were nminated in the best picture categry saying "they made us laugh and they made us weep." She then annunced the winner, Arg.
Arg Wins Academy Award fr Best Picture
1. 文章中的but, hwever, rather, as a result, therefre, in brief, in shrt 等词。它们通常 是引出中心主旨的方向词。而fr example, first, t begin with等是引出细节的信息词，在 它们之前往往提到文章的中心主旨。
2. 主旨题忌以偏概全，注意答案选项所涉及 的概念的外延和内涵必须能恰如其分地概 况文章的主题，既不能范围过大，也不能 把某一细节或侧面误当作主题3. 注意捕捉文章中出现频率较高的中心词汇 和全文和段落的主题句4. 选择文章标题时要有概括性、针对性、醒 目性