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2018年北京市中考英语试卷含答案
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这是一份2018年北京市中考英语试卷含答案，共8页。试卷主要包含了单项填空，完形填空，文段表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
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绝密★启用前
北京市2018年初中学业水平考试
英 语
毕业学校_____________ 姓名________________ 考生号________________ ________________ ___________
(考试时间90分钟，满分60分)
知识运用（共14分）
一、单项填空（共6分，每小题0.5分）
从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. My brother and I like football.________ play it together once a week.
A. I B. They C. We D. You
2. Happy birthday, Peter! Here's a gift________ you.
A. for B. in C. with D. from
3. —________ do you usually go to school, Mary?
—By bike.
A. When B. How C. Where D. Why
4. Many people like pandas________ they are cute.
A. though B. if C. while D. because
5. I________ go now, or I'll miss my train.
A. can B. might C. must D. could
6. Tony is________ of the three boys, but he is the tallest.
A. young B. younger C. youngest D. the youngest
7. Bill likes reading. He________ picture books with his dad every evening.
A. read B. reads C. is reading D. has read
8. —Paul, what were you doing at nine last night?
—I ________ a movie in the cinema with my friends.
A. was watching B. watch
C. have watched D. will watch
9. David a tennis player, He________ to play tennis when he was six years o1d.
A. begins B. will begin
C. began D. has begun
10. —Lucy, is your uncle a teacher?
—Yes, he is. He________ history for nearly 20 years.
A. teaches B. has taught
C. is teaching D. will teach
11. A new international airport ________ in the city next year.
A. completes B. is completed
C. will complete D. will be completed
12. —Alice, could you tell me ________ London?
—Sure. Last Sunday
A. when Mr. Smith left B. when Mr. Smith wi11 leave
C. when did Mr. Smith leave D. when will Mr. Smith leave
二、完形填空（共8分，每小题1分）
阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。
Real Solutions（解决方法） to Problems
Thirty engineers were working as a team in a company. They were young and eager to learn. The management decided to teach them about finding real solutions to problems.
One day, the team was called for a 13 in a hall. They were quite surprised and all reached the hall holding various 14 . As they entered, they found a box placed in the center, full of flat balloons.
The manager asked everyone to pick a balloon and blow it up. Then they were asked to write their names on their respective(各自的) balloons 15 so that the balloons wouldn't blow out. All tried, but not everyone was 16 . Five balloons blew out due to pressure(压力).
Those who failed to mark their names on the balloons were 17 out of the game. As a result, 25 engineers came to the next level. All the balloons carrying their names were 18 and then put into a room, here and there.
The engineers were told to pick the balloon with his or her name on.All the 25 engineers began to search for the respective balloons in a rush. It was almost 15 minutes but no one was able to 19 the right one. The second level of the game was over.
Then came the final level. The engineers were asked to pick any balloon and give it to person named on the balloon. Within a couple of minutes, all balloons 20 the hands of the respective engineers.
The manager announced this was the real solution to the problem. Many times in our life, sharing and helping others give us real solutions to problems.
13. A. game B. show C. concert D. party
14. A. purposes B. suggestions C. thoughts D. plans
15. A. quietly B. carefully C. secretly D. clearly
16. A. honest B. ready C. patient D. successful
17. A. checked B. helped C. ruled D. cleaned
18. A. collected B. weighed C. tied D. cleaned
19. A. mark B. hide C. number D. find
20. A. freed B. reached C. lifted D. hit
阅读理解（共36分）
三、阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从文后各所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。（共26分，每小题2分）
A
Roger: Hi, there! It was my 15th birthday last Saturday. Some of my friends and Alan,mycousin,came to celebrate it. Everyone brought me a gift, we played games,sang songs and had a big birthday cake. It was really a wonderful day! Did you do anything special last week?
Jessica: Yes, My class were on a school field trip last week. First, We went to the University of North Carolina to learn about the history of its basketball team. Many basketball stars were students there. Then we visited a museum. We learned about how the plane was invented and took many pictures there.
Sara: Well, I was lucky enough to go to a conference(会议) on charity(慈善) last Wednesday. I was so excited to meet a lot of kind people there. One of them was a boy named Richard. He spoke at the conference about the charity work that he had done in the past few years.
Martin: It was a different week than usual. Last Thursday, my school band(乐队) went to Atlanta to perform in a competition. I played the violin and we won a prize! On Friday we went to the Georgia Aquarium and got to see different kinds of sea life from over the world. It was really cool!
21. When did Roger have his birthday party?
A. Last Wednesday. B. Last Thursday.
C. Last Friday. D. Last Saturday.
22.Who went on a school field trip last week?
A. Alan. B. Jessica. C. Sara. D. Richard.
23.Martin went to Atlanta ________.
A. speak at a conference B. organize a party
C. perform in a competition D. visit a university
B
A Beautiful Moment
When I was in high school. I worked part-time helping Dad sell fruits and vegetables at a market. One day, as I was preparing the fruits,a little boy came by with his mom and sister. He was about eight years old，and the girl, five or six. They were looking at the fruits in front of me. I heard the kids say to their mom (in French),"They're good!" I knew it was French,Because I can speak and understand it.
Then I noticed how mom was picking the fruits. At first I thought she was really looking at the fruits because she was facing them,but then I noticed how much she had to feel and smell each one as she picked them out. And she often asked her son if it looked okay, but looked way above where his face was. Putting what I saw together, I was sure she was blind.
Both of the kids continued to help their mom pick out the fruits .The son made sure the fruits were not obviously bad, and the daughter handed them to her mom. The woman then felt each one and smiled, and the daughter would put them into their basket .The kids were smiling while helping their mom pick the fruits out.
Their smile and gentle manner moved me in a way that never happened before. It was so beautiful to see such young kids so willingly help. Most kids that age would be picking out candies or toys in a store for themselves, instead of helping their mom pick out fruits,as the two kids did.
It was great to witness the moment, but not so great because I didn't tell the mom how beautiful her children were in their language .This is what I regret to this day.
24. The women and her kids came to the market to buy ________.
A. fruits B. vegetables C. candies D. toys
25. According to what he saw, the writer was sure the mother couldn't ________.
A. speak B. see C. smell D. hear
26. The writer was moved because ________.
A. the mother was brave to face her problems
B. the kids were polite and kind to each other
C. the mother was careful in picking out things
D. the kids were so willing to help their mother
C
Some primary schoolchildren have been raised in homes with more green space around. They are likely to come with larger volumes of white and grey matter in certain areas of the brain. These differences are associated(关联的) with beneficial effects on cognitive function (认知功能). This is the main conclusion of a study led by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health.
The study was performed among 253 schoolchildren in Spain .Lifelong exposure(接触) -------------在--------------------此--------------------卷--------------------上--------------------答--------------------题--------------------无--------------------效----------------
to green space in the living places was recorded—using the information on the children's addresses from birth up through to the time of the study. Brain structure was studied using 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Working memory and inattentiveness(注意力不集中) were graded with computers.
毕业学校_____________ 姓名________________ 考生号________________ ________________ ___________
"This is the first study that shows the association between long-term exposure to green space and brain structure." says Dr. PayamDadvand, the leading researcher of the study.＂Our findings suggest that exposure to green space early in life could result in beneficial structural changes in the brain.＂
The findings show that long-term exposure to greenness is positively associated with white and grey matter volumes in several parts of the brain. Some of them are related to higher scores on cognitive tests. Moreover, larger volumes of white and grey matter in those parts might lead to better working memory and less inattentiveness.
Exposure to nature has been thought to be necessary for brain development in children. Another study of 2,593 children shows that children in schools with more green space have a greater increase in working memory and a greater decrease in inattentiveness.
Humans are believed to be tied to nature. Playing in greener areas offers children opportunities to search and learn. Accordingly, green space is thought to prompt important exercises in discovery, creativity and risk taking. These exercises in turn positively influence brain development.
Dr. Dadvand's study suggests how such structural changes could bring about the beneficial effects of green space on cognitive development.It also adds to the proof that suggests the lasting effects of early life exposure to greenness on our health and the benefits of increasing greenness in cities.
Further studies are needed to prove the findings in other populations, settings and climates. And researchers need to examine differences according to the nature and quality of green space.
27. The second paragraph is mainly about ________.
A. how the study was performed B. what was recorded in the study
C. how long the study lasted D. who took part in the study
28. The word ＂prompt＂ in Paragraph 6 probably means ＂________＂.
A. control B. encourage C. balance D. change
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29. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Working memory influences white and grey matter in the brain.
B. Dr. Dadvand stressed the importance of changing the environment.
C. Studies proved the influence of greenness on populations outs of Spain.
D. Living in greener neighborhoods benefits children in brain development.
D
We often reach a point in our life when we should be ready for change that will help us unlock our self-improvement power. However, there's always something staring at us right under our nose but we don't see it. The only time we think of unlocking our self-improvement power is when everything gets worst.
When do we realize that we need to change diets? When none of our shirts and jeans would fit us. When do we stop eating candies and chocolates? When all of our teeth have fallen off. When do we realize that we need to stop smoking? When our lungs have gone bad. We see the warning signs and signals when things get rough and difficult.
The only time most of us ever learn about unlocking our self-improvement power is when the whole world is falling apart. We think and feel this way because it is not easy to change, but change becomes more painful when we ignore(忽视) it.
Change will happen, like it or hate it. At one point or another, we are all going to finally unlock our self-improvement power not because the world says so. But because we realize it's for our own good.
Happy people don't just accept change; they embrace(拥抱)it. Unlocking our self-improvement power means unlocking ourselves out of the box of thought that is just the way we are. It is such a poor excuse for people who fear change.
Jane always tells everyone that she doesn't have the courage to be around groups of people. She heard her family tell the same things about her to other people. Over the years, that is what Jane has believed. Every time a great crowd come, she steps back and locks herself up in a room. Jane not only believes in her story, but lives it!
Self-improvement may not be everybody's favorite word, but if we look at things in a different way, we might have greater chances of enjoying the whole process instead of counting the days until we are fully improved. Three sessions in a week at the gym would result in a healthier life. Reading books every day would build up knowledge. And only when we are enjoying the whole process of unlocking our self-improvement power will we realize that we're beginning to take things light and become happy.
30. The writer mentions the three questions in Paragraph 2 to show that ________.
A. we learn our lessons when we experience pain
B. we are responsible for the problems we meet
C. life fails us when we get into the wrong way
D. life is a long journey full of ups and downs
31. What is the key to solving Jane's problem?
A. She needs to remember why she started.
B. She has to know how to get on with people.
C. She has to realize she is not what she is in her story.
D. She needs to understand the importance of confidence.
32. The writer probably agrees that ________.
A. the world tells us how to improve ourselves
B. people change when they find it easy to do that
C. welcoming change in life is a drive to become better
D. enjoying the process of self-improvement makes life simpler
33. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Is it important to take things light?
B. Is it necessary to embrace challenges?
C. To hold on to the last moment or to give up?
D. To free ourselves out of the box or to stay in it?
四、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题．（共10分，每小题2分）
When it comes to the letter grade on your test or homework, you might notice that there is no letter E. Have you ever thought about why that is so?
In the A, B, C, D and F grading system, the first four letters are typically considered passing grades. An F in this system simply stands for ＂fail＂.The word ＂fail＂ happens to start with the letter F, which seems to leave out the letter E. The fact of the matter is that any letter can mean “no-passing” or ＂fail＂. Some schools have U grade for＂unsatisfactory＂,or I grade for ＂incomplete＂.
Even with all this said, we should also point out that E grade actually has been
used pretty commonly throughout the history of letter grades in the US.
The first college in the US to use a letter grading system like the ones we use today is Mount Holyoke College. In 1897,they began to use the following grading scale:
A: 95-100%(excellent) B: 85-94%(good) C: 76-84%(fair)
D: 75%(barely passed) E: below 75%(failed)
We can see the inclusion of E instead of F.
Gradually, the letter grading system became more popular throughout the US. However, many schools decided to drop the E grade and go straight to F. There is no evidence(证据) to really support this, but one possible explanation is that teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for ＂excellent＂.
Why do we have letter grades? Well, part of the reason is that they made grading simpler during a time of great change for schools. As the 20th century began, growing cities and an increase in immigration led to larger school classrooms. Most teachers at that time thought this new letter grading system was an easy, fair and clear way to grade students.
Today, more and more people argue that letter grades don't fully reflect(反映) student learning. However, as teachers try to improve grading methods, many parents continue to favor the letter grades they got as kids, they are familiar(熟悉) and easy for parents to understand. So while they might not be perfect, the letter grades probably aren't going away any time soon.
34. What does an F stand for in the A、B、C、D and F grading system?
___________________________________________________________________
35. When was the letter grading system first used in the US college?
___________________________________________________________________
36. What is one possible explanation for dropping the E grade?
___________________________________________________________________
37. What did most teachers think of the letter grading system in the 20th century?
___________________________________________________________________
38. Why do many parents still prefer the letter grades today?
___________________________________________________________________
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毕业学校_____________ 姓名________________ 考生号________________ ________________ ___________
书面表达（共10分）
五、文段表达(10分)
39. 从下面两个题目中任选一题，根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50词的文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用，请不要写出你的校名和姓名。
题目①
假如你是李华，你们学校要举办一场关于京剧的讲座，你打算邀请你们班交换生Peter参加，请用英语写一封电子邮件，告诉他讲座时间和地点以及需要做什么准备。
提示词语：lecture(讲座), invite, information, question, online
提示问题：When and where will you have the lecture?
what do you advise Peter to prepare for it?
Dear peter,
How is it going?
There'll be a lecture on Peking Opera in our school.______________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
If there is anything that I can do, please let me know.
Yours,
Li Hua
题目②
“静以修身，俭以养德”，勤俭节约是中华民族的传统美德，无论生活富足与否，我们都应该提倡节俭，拒绝浪费。
某英文网站在开展以“节约是美德”为主题的征文活动，假如你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿．谈谈生活中你是怎么做的，以及这样做的意义。
提示词语：thrifty(节约的), save, turn off, food, money, virtue(美德)
提示问题：·What do you do in your daily life？
·why do you do so？
It's one of our traditional virtues to be thrifty._________________________
__________________________________________________________________
北京市2018年初中学业水平考试
英语答案解析
—、单项填空
1.【答案】C
【解析】第一句句意:我哥哥和我都喜欢足球。第二句是说“我们”每周一起踢一次球。We指代My brother and I。故选C。
【考点】人称代词的用法
2.【答案】A
【解析】for意为“给，为”；in意为“在…里”；with意为“用，和”；from意为“来自”。句意：生日快乐，彼得！这是给你的礼物。故选A。
【考点】介词的用法
3.【答案】B
【解析】对方式、方法提问用how。句意：——玛丽，你通常怎么去上学？——骑自行车。故选B。
【考点】方式副词的用法
4.【答案】D
【解析】though意为“尽管”，表让步；if意为“如果”，表假设，或意为“是否”，引出两个或两个以上的可能性之一；while意为“而”，表对比；because意为“因为”，表原因。句意：很多人喜欢大熊猫，因为它们很可爱。故选D。
【考点】连词的用法
5.【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词的用法。must意为“一定，必须”。句意：我现在必须走了，否则我会错过火车。故选C。
【考点】情态动词的用法
6.【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词的最髙级。三者或三者以上的人或物作比较，其中一个在某一方面超过其他几个时，用形容词（或副词）的最髙级，此处为形容词的最高级，最髙级前加定冠词the。故选D。
【考点】形容词的最髙级
7.【答案】B
【解析】由every evening可知，用一般现在时，表示经常性的动作。句意：比尔喜欢阅读。他每天晚上都和爸爸看图画书。主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故选B。
【考点】动词时态的用法
8.【答案】A
【解析】由at nine lastnight可知，使用过去进行时，表示过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或状态。句意：——保罗，你昨天晚上九点在做什么？——我和朋友们在电影院看电影。故选A。
【考点】动词时态的用法
9.【答案】C
【解析】由when he was six years old可知，使用一般过去时,表示过去发生的动作或状态。句意：大卫是一个网球运动员。他从六岁开始打网球。故选C。
【考点】动词时态的用法
10.【答案】B
【解析】由for nearly 20 years可知，使用现在完成时，表示动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，并且仍在进行，其结构为have/ has+动词过去分词，故选B。
【考点】动词时态的用法
11.【答案】D
【解析】由next year可知，使用一般将来时，主语airport与动词complete为被动关系，被动语态的结构为be+动词过去分词。故选D。
【考点】动词时态及语态的用法
12【答案】A
【解析】宾语从句使用陈述句语序，由“Last Sunday”可知，使用一般过去时。故选A。
【考点】宾语从句的用法
二、完形填空
【文章大意】文章讲述一个公司的管理部门通过一个游戏来告诉他的团队分享和帮助别人是真正解决问题的方法。
13.【答案】A
【解析】game意为“游戏，比赛”；show意为“表演，展览”；concert意为“音乐会”；party意为“聚会”。根据文章第四段第一句中的out of the game可推知选A。
14.【答案】C
【解析】purpose意为“意志，目的”；suggestion意为“建议”；thought意为“想法”；plan意为“计划”。句意：他们很惊讶，揣着各种不同的想法来到了大厅。故选C。
15.【答案】B
【解析】quietly意为“平静地”；carefully意为“仔细地，小心地”；secretly意为“偷偷地，秘密地”；clearly意为“明确地，显然地”。句意：然后他们被要求小心地在各自的气球上写上自己的名字，这样气球便不会爆裂。故选B。
16.【答案】D
【解析】honest意为“诚实的”；ready意为“就绪的，准备好的”；patient意为“耐心的”；successful意为“成功的”。句意:所有人都尝试了，但不是每个人都成功了。由后句中“五个气球由于压力爆裂了”也可推知并不是每个人都成功了。故选D。
17.【答案】C
【解析】由后句中“结果25个工程师进人下一阶段”可知，此处讲没有成功地将名字写在气球上的人被排除出游戏了。be ruled out of意为“被排除在……之外”。故选C。
18.【答案】A
【解析】collet意为“收集，收藏”；weigh意为 “对……称重，权衡”；tie意为“系上，成平局”；clean意为“打扫，清理”。句意：所有带着他们的名字的气球被收集在一个房间里，到处都是。所以选A。
19.【答案】D
【解析】mark意为“做记号，打分”；hide意为“隐藏，躲避”；number意为“标号” ；find意为“找到，发现”。句意:将近十五分钟过去了，但是没有人能够找到正确的气球。故选D。
20.【答案】B
【解析】free意为“释放，使自由”；reach意为“到达”；lift意为“举起，提升”；hit意为“打击，碰撞”。句意：几分钟之后，所有的气球都到了相应的工程师的手中。由最后一段首句“经理宣布这才是真正解决问题的方法”可知，此处指问题解决了，即气球回到了相应人的手中。故选B。
三、阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项
A【文章大意】Roger、Jessica、Sara和Martin四人讲述了自己上周做的某些事。
21.【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句”It was my 15th birthday last Saturday.”可知选D。
22.【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“My class were on a school field trip last week．”可知选B。
23.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Last Thursday, my school band went to Atlanta to perform in a competition.”可知选C。
B【文章大意】文章主要讲述作者回忆自己帮父亲卖水果的时候遇到两个孩子认真帮助双目失明的母亲挑选水果的事情，并且他被两个孩子的行为所感动。
24.【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段第四句“They were looking at the fruits in front of me.”可知选A。
25.【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句”Putting what Isaw together, I was sure she was blind.”可知选B。
26.【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段第二句”It was so beautiful to see such young kids so willingly help.”可知作者认为如此小的孩子这么乐于帮助妈妈的行为是美好的，故他被感动了，所以选D。
C【文章大意】文章主要介绍了关于绿色空间对孩子大脑结构发育影响的研究。
27.【答案】A
【解析】段落大意题。第二段主要讲述了巴塞罗那全球健康究所如何在西班牙的253名学生中开展研究。故选A。
28.【答案】B
【解析】词义猜测题。control意为“控制”；encourage意为“促进，鼓励”；balance意为“平衡”；change意为“改变”。由上下文可知，在绿化较好的区域玩耍可以为孩子提供探索和学习的机会，因此绿色空间可以促进重要的发现活动、创造性活动及冒险活动的发生。所以prompt应和encourage意思相近，故选B。
29.【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。由文章第四段倒数第一句：”Moreover，larger volumes of white and grey matter...lead. to. better working memory.”可知A项错误；Dadvand博士的研究是证明了儿童早期接触绿色空间利于其大脑发育，并未强调要改变环境，因此B项错误，D项正确；由最后一段”Further studies...green space.”可知C项错误。
D【文章大意】文章主要讲述我们要善于改变自己，敢于跳出自己的思维框架，这样才有利于自我完善和提升。只有当我们享受整个自我能力提升的过程时，我们才会意识到我们已经开始轻装上阵，变得快乐起来。
30.【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。文章结二段中的三个问题及回答都是关于我们在何时才会做出一些改变，只有当我们经历了苦楚才知道要改变。故A项符合题意。
31．【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。A项意为“她需记得她为什么开始这样（没有勇气面对人群）”；B项意为“她必须知道怎样和人相处”；C项意为“她必须意识到她不是自己认为的那样”；D项意为“她需要明白自信的重要性”。根据文章第六段最后一句”Jane not only believes in her story, but lives it!”可知选C。
32.【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句”And only when we are enjoying the whole process of unlocking our self-improvement power will we realize that we're beginning to take things light and become happy.”可知只有当我们享受整个自我改善的过程时，我们才会意识到自己轻装上阵，变得快乐，文章强调了change一词，所以C项更符合题意。
33.【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了自我完善的重要性，鼓励人们走出自我认知盲区，积极提升自我，让生活变得更加美好。故D项符合题意。
四、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题
【文章大意】文章主要介绍字母评分系统的相关信息。
34.【答案】It stands for “fail”.
【解析】根据文章第二段第二句“An F in this system simply stands for ‘fail’”可知答案。
35.【答案】In 1897.
【解析】根据文章第四段可知，1897年Mount Holyoke College开始使用字母评分系统。
36.【答案】Teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for”excellent”.
【解析】根据文章第六段第三句"...one possible explanation is that teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for 'excellent '. "可知，老师担心部分学生和家长误认为E代表“优秀”。
37.【答案】They thought this new lettergrading system was aneasy, fair and clear way to grade students.
【解析】根据文章第七段第三、四句“As the 20th century began,growing cities and an increase in immigration led tolarger school classrooms. Most teachers at that timethought thisnew letter grading system was an easy,fair and clear way to grade students.”可知,大部分老师认为字母评分系统是一种简单、公平、清晰的给学生打分的方法。
38.【答案】Because the letter grades are familiar and easy for parents to understand.
【解析】根据第八段第三句“They are familiar and easy for parents to understand.”可知，字母评分系统是父母所熟悉和容易理解的。
五、文段表达
题目①
【答案】One possible version：
Dear Peter：
How is it going?
There’ll be a lecture on Peking Opera in our school.The Peking Opera lecture will start at 10: 00 this Friday morning in the school hall. I am writing to invite you to take part in the meaningful lecture. In the lecture we can not only get some useful information about the Peking Opera, but also get close to the traditional Chinese culture, which can benefit us a lot.
There are some suggestions for you to prepare for it. First of all，remember to be there on time. What’s more, don’t forget to bring a camera with you, which can record the precious moment. Last but no least, it’s a golden chance for you to come up with some questions that you are willing to learn about.
If there is anything that I can do，please let me know.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】本题要求以李华的名义给Peter写一封邮件，邀请他参加学校举办的有关京剧的讲座，告知他讲座的时间、地点以及需要做的准备工作。按照写作提示书写注意要点齐全；注意表达规范，格式严谨；可适当加入细节，使内容充实，行文连贯；根据写作内容选择正确的时态。
题目②
【答案】
It’s one of our traditional virtues to be thrifty. Being thrifty is a good virtue which has been passed down from generation to generation. It’s a good idea to start on in our daily life.
First of all, I constantly check the lights and the taps to make sure that they are off when leaving the house. Besides never have I wasted any food. What’s more, I don’t spend too much money on unnecessary things and save money regularly.
The reason why I do so is that I want to make a difference to my life. As the old saying goes, “Waste not; want not” I have made up my mind to be thrifty as much as possible. I think everyone should take action to stick to this virtue.
【解析】本题要求以李华的名义写一篇主题为“节约是美德”的短文，具体介绍实际生活中你是怎么做的以及这样做的意义。按照写作提示书写；注意要点齐全；注意表达规范，切合实际生活；适当加入细节，使内容充实，行文连贯；根据写作内容选择正确的时态。
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绝密★启用前
北京市2018年初中学业水平考试
英 语
毕业学校_____________ 姓名________________ 考生号________________ ________________ ___________
(考试时间90分钟，满分60分)
知识运用（共14分）
一、单项填空（共6分，每小题0.5分）
从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. My brother and I like football.________ play it together once a week.
A. I B. They C. We D. You
2. Happy birthday, Peter! Here's a gift________ you.
A. for B. in C. with D. from
3. —________ do you usually go to school, Mary?
—By bike.
A. When B. How C. Where D. Why
4. Many people like pandas________ they are cute.
A. though B. if C. while D. because
5. I________ go now, or I'll miss my train.
A. can B. might C. must D. could
6. Tony is________ of the three boys, but he is the tallest.
A. young B. younger C. youngest D. the youngest
7. Bill likes reading. He________ picture books with his dad every evening.
A. read B. reads C. is reading D. has read
8. —Paul, what were you doing at nine last night?
—I ________ a movie in the cinema with my friends.
A. was watching B. watch
C. have watched D. will watch
9. David a tennis player, He________ to play tennis when he was six years o1d.
A. begins B. will begin
C. began D. has begun
10. —Lucy, is your uncle a teacher?
—Yes, he is. He________ history for nearly 20 years.
A. teaches B. has taught
C. is teaching D. will teach
11. A new international airport ________ in the city next year.
A. completes B. is completed
C. will complete D. will be completed
12. —Alice, could you tell me ________ London?
—Sure. Last Sunday
A. when Mr. Smith left B. when Mr. Smith wi11 leave
C. when did Mr. Smith leave D. when will Mr. Smith leave
二、完形填空（共8分，每小题1分）
阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。
Real Solutions（解决方法） to Problems
Thirty engineers were working as a team in a company. They were young and eager to learn. The management decided to teach them about finding real solutions to problems.
One day, the team was called for a 13 in a hall. They were quite surprised and all reached the hall holding various 14 . As they entered, they found a box placed in the center, full of flat balloons.
The manager asked everyone to pick a balloon and blow it up. Then they were asked to write their names on their respective(各自的) balloons 15 so that the balloons wouldn't blow out. All tried, but not everyone was 16 . Five balloons blew out due to pressure(压力).
Those who failed to mark their names on the balloons were 17 out of the game. As a result, 25 engineers came to the next level. All the balloons carrying their names were 18 and then put into a room, here and there.
The engineers were told to pick the balloon with his or her name on.All the 25 engineers began to search for the respective balloons in a rush. It was almost 15 minutes but no one was able to 19 the right one. The second level of the game was over.
Then came the final level. The engineers were asked to pick any balloon and give it to person named on the balloon. Within a couple of minutes, all balloons 20 the hands of the respective engineers.
The manager announced this was the real solution to the problem. Many times in our life, sharing and helping others give us real solutions to problems.
13. A. game B. show C. concert D. party
14. A. purposes B. suggestions C. thoughts D. plans
15. A. quietly B. carefully C. secretly D. clearly
16. A. honest B. ready C. patient D. successful
17. A. checked B. helped C. ruled D. cleaned
18. A. collected B. weighed C. tied D. cleaned
19. A. mark B. hide C. number D. find
20. A. freed B. reached C. lifted D. hit
阅读理解（共36分）
三、阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从文后各所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。（共26分，每小题2分）
A
Roger: Hi, there! It was my 15th birthday last Saturday. Some of my friends and Alan,mycousin,came to celebrate it. Everyone brought me a gift, we played games,sang songs and had a big birthday cake. It was really a wonderful day! Did you do anything special last week?
Jessica: Yes, My class were on a school field trip last week. First, We went to the University of North Carolina to learn about the history of its basketball team. Many basketball stars were students there. Then we visited a museum. We learned about how the plane was invented and took many pictures there.
Sara: Well, I was lucky enough to go to a conference(会议) on charity(慈善) last Wednesday. I was so excited to meet a lot of kind people there. One of them was a boy named Richard. He spoke at the conference about the charity work that he had done in the past few years.
Martin: It was a different week than usual. Last Thursday, my school band(乐队) went to Atlanta to perform in a competition. I played the violin and we won a prize! On Friday we went to the Georgia Aquarium and got to see different kinds of sea life from over the world. It was really cool!
21. When did Roger have his birthday party?
A. Last Wednesday. B. Last Thursday.
C. Last Friday. D. Last Saturday.
22.Who went on a school field trip last week?
A. Alan. B. Jessica. C. Sara. D. Richard.
23.Martin went to Atlanta ________.
A. speak at a conference B. organize a party
C. perform in a competition D. visit a university
B
A Beautiful Moment
When I was in high school. I worked part-time helping Dad sell fruits and vegetables at a market. One day, as I was preparing the fruits,a little boy came by with his mom and sister. He was about eight years old，and the girl, five or six. They were looking at the fruits in front of me. I heard the kids say to their mom (in French),"They're good!" I knew it was French,Because I can speak and understand it.
Then I noticed how mom was picking the fruits. At first I thought she was really looking at the fruits because she was facing them,but then I noticed how much she had to feel and smell each one as she picked them out. And she often asked her son if it looked okay, but looked way above where his face was. Putting what I saw together, I was sure she was blind.
Both of the kids continued to help their mom pick out the fruits .The son made sure the fruits were not obviously bad, and the daughter handed them to her mom. The woman then felt each one and smiled, and the daughter would put them into their basket .The kids were smiling while helping their mom pick the fruits out.
Their smile and gentle manner moved me in a way that never happened before. It was so beautiful to see such young kids so willingly help. Most kids that age would be picking out candies or toys in a store for themselves, instead of helping their mom pick out fruits,as the two kids did.
It was great to witness the moment, but not so great because I didn't tell the mom how beautiful her children were in their language .This is what I regret to this day.
24. The women and her kids came to the market to buy ________.
A. fruits B. vegetables C. candies D. toys
25. According to what he saw, the writer was sure the mother couldn't ________.
A. speak B. see C. smell D. hear
26. The writer was moved because ________.
A. the mother was brave to face her problems
B. the kids were polite and kind to each other
C. the mother was careful in picking out things
D. the kids were so willing to help their mother
C
Some primary schoolchildren have been raised in homes with more green space around. They are likely to come with larger volumes of white and grey matter in certain areas of the brain. These differences are associated(关联的) with beneficial effects on cognitive function (认知功能). This is the main conclusion of a study led by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health.
The study was performed among 253 schoolchildren in Spain .Lifelong exposure(接触) -------------在--------------------此--------------------卷--------------------上--------------------答--------------------题--------------------无--------------------效----------------
to green space in the living places was recorded—using the information on the children's addresses from birth up through to the time of the study. Brain structure was studied using 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Working memory and inattentiveness(注意力不集中) were graded with computers.
毕业学校_____________ 姓名________________ 考生号________________ ________________ ___________
"This is the first study that shows the association between long-term exposure to green space and brain structure." says Dr. PayamDadvand, the leading researcher of the study.＂Our findings suggest that exposure to green space early in life could result in beneficial structural changes in the brain.＂
The findings show that long-term exposure to greenness is positively associated with white and grey matter volumes in several parts of the brain. Some of them are related to higher scores on cognitive tests. Moreover, larger volumes of white and grey matter in those parts might lead to better working memory and less inattentiveness.
Exposure to nature has been thought to be necessary for brain development in children. Another study of 2,593 children shows that children in schools with more green space have a greater increase in working memory and a greater decrease in inattentiveness.
Humans are believed to be tied to nature. Playing in greener areas offers children opportunities to search and learn. Accordingly, green space is thought to prompt important exercises in discovery, creativity and risk taking. These exercises in turn positively influence brain development.
Dr. Dadvand's study suggests how such structural changes could bring about the beneficial effects of green space on cognitive development.It also adds to the proof that suggests the lasting effects of early life exposure to greenness on our health and the benefits of increasing greenness in cities.
Further studies are needed to prove the findings in other populations, settings and climates. And researchers need to examine differences according to the nature and quality of green space.
27. The second paragraph is mainly about ________.
A. how the study was performed B. what was recorded in the study
C. how long the study lasted D. who took part in the study
28. The word ＂prompt＂ in Paragraph 6 probably means ＂________＂.
A. control B. encourage C. balance D. change
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29. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Working memory influences white and grey matter in the brain.
B. Dr. Dadvand stressed the importance of changing the environment.
C. Studies proved the influence of greenness on populations outs of Spain.
D. Living in greener neighborhoods benefits children in brain development.
D
We often reach a point in our life when we should be ready for change that will help us unlock our self-improvement power. However, there's always something staring at us right under our nose but we don't see it. The only time we think of unlocking our self-improvement power is when everything gets worst.
When do we realize that we need to change diets? When none of our shirts and jeans would fit us. When do we stop eating candies and chocolates? When all of our teeth have fallen off. When do we realize that we need to stop smoking? When our lungs have gone bad. We see the warning signs and signals when things get rough and difficult.
The only time most of us ever learn about unlocking our self-improvement power is when the whole world is falling apart. We think and feel this way because it is not easy to change, but change becomes more painful when we ignore(忽视) it.
Change will happen, like it or hate it. At one point or another, we are all going to finally unlock our self-improvement power not because the world says so. But because we realize it's for our own good.
Happy people don't just accept change; they embrace(拥抱)it. Unlocking our self-improvement power means unlocking ourselves out of the box of thought that is just the way we are. It is such a poor excuse for people who fear change.
Jane always tells everyone that she doesn't have the courage to be around groups of people. She heard her family tell the same things about her to other people. Over the years, that is what Jane has believed. Every time a great crowd come, she steps back and locks herself up in a room. Jane not only believes in her story, but lives it!
Self-improvement may not be everybody's favorite word, but if we look at things in a different way, we might have greater chances of enjoying the whole process instead of counting the days until we are fully improved. Three sessions in a week at the gym would result in a healthier life. Reading books every day would build up knowledge. And only when we are enjoying the whole process of unlocking our self-improvement power will we realize that we're beginning to take things light and become happy.
30. The writer mentions the three questions in Paragraph 2 to show that ________.
A. we learn our lessons when we experience pain
B. we are responsible for the problems we meet
C. life fails us when we get into the wrong way
D. life is a long journey full of ups and downs
31. What is the key to solving Jane's problem?
A. She needs to remember why she started.
B. She has to know how to get on with people.
C. She has to realize she is not what she is in her story.
D. She needs to understand the importance of confidence.
32. The writer probably agrees that ________.
A. the world tells us how to improve ourselves
B. people change when they find it easy to do that
C. welcoming change in life is a drive to become better
D. enjoying the process of self-improvement makes life simpler
33. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Is it important to take things light?
B. Is it necessary to embrace challenges?
C. To hold on to the last moment or to give up?
D. To free ourselves out of the box or to stay in it?
四、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题．（共10分，每小题2分）
When it comes to the letter grade on your test or homework, you might notice that there is no letter E. Have you ever thought about why that is so?
In the A, B, C, D and F grading system, the first four letters are typically considered passing grades. An F in this system simply stands for ＂fail＂.The word ＂fail＂ happens to start with the letter F, which seems to leave out the letter E. The fact of the matter is that any letter can mean “no-passing” or ＂fail＂. Some schools have U grade for＂unsatisfactory＂,or I grade for ＂incomplete＂.
Even with all this said, we should also point out that E grade actually has been
used pretty commonly throughout the history of letter grades in the US.
The first college in the US to use a letter grading system like the ones we use today is Mount Holyoke College. In 1897,they began to use the following grading scale:
A: 95-100%(excellent) B: 85-94%(good) C: 76-84%(fair)
D: 75%(barely passed) E: below 75%(failed)
We can see the inclusion of E instead of F.
Gradually, the letter grading system became more popular throughout the US. However, many schools decided to drop the E grade and go straight to F. There is no evidence(证据) to really support this, but one possible explanation is that teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for ＂excellent＂.
Why do we have letter grades? Well, part of the reason is that they made grading simpler during a time of great change for schools. As the 20th century began, growing cities and an increase in immigration led to larger school classrooms. Most teachers at that time thought this new letter grading system was an easy, fair and clear way to grade students.
Today, more and more people argue that letter grades don't fully reflect(反映) student learning. However, as teachers try to improve grading methods, many parents continue to favor the letter grades they got as kids, they are familiar(熟悉) and easy for parents to understand. So while they might not be perfect, the letter grades probably aren't going away any time soon.
34. What does an F stand for in the A、B、C、D and F grading system?
___________________________________________________________________
35. When was the letter grading system first used in the US college?
___________________________________________________________________
36. What is one possible explanation for dropping the E grade?
___________________________________________________________________
37. What did most teachers think of the letter grading system in the 20th century?
___________________________________________________________________
38. Why do many parents still prefer the letter grades today?
___________________________________________________________________
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毕业学校_____________ 姓名________________ 考生号________________ ________________ ___________
书面表达（共10分）
五、文段表达(10分)
39. 从下面两个题目中任选一题，根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50词的文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用，请不要写出你的校名和姓名。
题目①
假如你是李华，你们学校要举办一场关于京剧的讲座，你打算邀请你们班交换生Peter参加，请用英语写一封电子邮件，告诉他讲座时间和地点以及需要做什么准备。
提示词语：lecture(讲座), invite, information, question, online
提示问题：When and where will you have the lecture?
what do you advise Peter to prepare for it?
Dear peter,
How is it going?
There'll be a lecture on Peking Opera in our school.______________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
If there is anything that I can do, please let me know.
Yours,
Li Hua
题目②
“静以修身，俭以养德”，勤俭节约是中华民族的传统美德，无论生活富足与否，我们都应该提倡节俭，拒绝浪费。
某英文网站在开展以“节约是美德”为主题的征文活动，假如你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿．谈谈生活中你是怎么做的，以及这样做的意义。
提示词语：thrifty(节约的), save, turn off, food, money, virtue(美德)
提示问题：·What do you do in your daily life？
·why do you do so？
It's one of our traditional virtues to be thrifty._________________________
__________________________________________________________________
北京市2018年初中学业水平考试
英语答案解析
—、单项填空
1.【答案】C
【解析】第一句句意:我哥哥和我都喜欢足球。第二句是说“我们”每周一起踢一次球。We指代My brother and I。故选C。
【考点】人称代词的用法
2.【答案】A
【解析】for意为“给，为”；in意为“在…里”；with意为“用，和”；from意为“来自”。句意：生日快乐，彼得！这是给你的礼物。故选A。
【考点】介词的用法
3.【答案】B
【解析】对方式、方法提问用how。句意：——玛丽，你通常怎么去上学？——骑自行车。故选B。
【考点】方式副词的用法
4.【答案】D
【解析】though意为“尽管”，表让步；if意为“如果”，表假设，或意为“是否”，引出两个或两个以上的可能性之一；while意为“而”，表对比；because意为“因为”，表原因。句意：很多人喜欢大熊猫，因为它们很可爱。故选D。
【考点】连词的用法
5.【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词的用法。must意为“一定，必须”。句意：我现在必须走了，否则我会错过火车。故选C。
【考点】情态动词的用法
6.【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词的最髙级。三者或三者以上的人或物作比较，其中一个在某一方面超过其他几个时，用形容词（或副词）的最髙级，此处为形容词的最高级，最髙级前加定冠词the。故选D。
【考点】形容词的最髙级
7.【答案】B
【解析】由every evening可知，用一般现在时，表示经常性的动作。句意：比尔喜欢阅读。他每天晚上都和爸爸看图画书。主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故选B。
【考点】动词时态的用法
8.【答案】A
【解析】由at nine lastnight可知，使用过去进行时，表示过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或状态。句意：——保罗，你昨天晚上九点在做什么？——我和朋友们在电影院看电影。故选A。
【考点】动词时态的用法
9.【答案】C
【解析】由when he was six years old可知，使用一般过去时,表示过去发生的动作或状态。句意：大卫是一个网球运动员。他从六岁开始打网球。故选C。
【考点】动词时态的用法
10.【答案】B
【解析】由for nearly 20 years可知，使用现在完成时，表示动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，并且仍在进行，其结构为have/ has+动词过去分词，故选B。
【考点】动词时态的用法
11.【答案】D
【解析】由next year可知，使用一般将来时，主语airport与动词complete为被动关系，被动语态的结构为be+动词过去分词。故选D。
【考点】动词时态及语态的用法
12【答案】A
【解析】宾语从句使用陈述句语序，由“Last Sunday”可知，使用一般过去时。故选A。
【考点】宾语从句的用法
二、完形填空
【文章大意】文章讲述一个公司的管理部门通过一个游戏来告诉他的团队分享和帮助别人是真正解决问题的方法。
13.【答案】A
【解析】game意为“游戏，比赛”；show意为“表演，展览”；concert意为“音乐会”；party意为“聚会”。根据文章第四段第一句中的out of the game可推知选A。
14.【答案】C
【解析】purpose意为“意志，目的”；suggestion意为“建议”；thought意为“想法”；plan意为“计划”。句意：他们很惊讶，揣着各种不同的想法来到了大厅。故选C。
15.【答案】B
【解析】quietly意为“平静地”；carefully意为“仔细地，小心地”；secretly意为“偷偷地，秘密地”；clearly意为“明确地，显然地”。句意：然后他们被要求小心地在各自的气球上写上自己的名字，这样气球便不会爆裂。故选B。
16.【答案】D
【解析】honest意为“诚实的”；ready意为“就绪的，准备好的”；patient意为“耐心的”；successful意为“成功的”。句意:所有人都尝试了，但不是每个人都成功了。由后句中“五个气球由于压力爆裂了”也可推知并不是每个人都成功了。故选D。
17.【答案】C
【解析】由后句中“结果25个工程师进人下一阶段”可知，此处讲没有成功地将名字写在气球上的人被排除出游戏了。be ruled out of意为“被排除在……之外”。故选C。
18.【答案】A
【解析】collet意为“收集，收藏”；weigh意为 “对……称重，权衡”；tie意为“系上，成平局”；clean意为“打扫，清理”。句意：所有带着他们的名字的气球被收集在一个房间里，到处都是。所以选A。
19.【答案】D
【解析】mark意为“做记号，打分”；hide意为“隐藏，躲避”；number意为“标号” ；find意为“找到，发现”。句意:将近十五分钟过去了，但是没有人能够找到正确的气球。故选D。
20.【答案】B
【解析】free意为“释放，使自由”；reach意为“到达”；lift意为“举起，提升”；hit意为“打击，碰撞”。句意：几分钟之后，所有的气球都到了相应的工程师的手中。由最后一段首句“经理宣布这才是真正解决问题的方法”可知，此处指问题解决了，即气球回到了相应人的手中。故选B。
三、阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项
A【文章大意】Roger、Jessica、Sara和Martin四人讲述了自己上周做的某些事。
21.【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句”It was my 15th birthday last Saturday.”可知选D。
22.【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“My class were on a school field trip last week．”可知选B。
23.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Last Thursday, my school band went to Atlanta to perform in a competition.”可知选C。
B【文章大意】文章主要讲述作者回忆自己帮父亲卖水果的时候遇到两个孩子认真帮助双目失明的母亲挑选水果的事情，并且他被两个孩子的行为所感动。
24.【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段第四句“They were looking at the fruits in front of me.”可知选A。
25.【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句”Putting what Isaw together, I was sure she was blind.”可知选B。
26.【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段第二句”It was so beautiful to see such young kids so willingly help.”可知作者认为如此小的孩子这么乐于帮助妈妈的行为是美好的，故他被感动了，所以选D。
C【文章大意】文章主要介绍了关于绿色空间对孩子大脑结构发育影响的研究。
27.【答案】A
【解析】段落大意题。第二段主要讲述了巴塞罗那全球健康究所如何在西班牙的253名学生中开展研究。故选A。
28.【答案】B
【解析】词义猜测题。control意为“控制”；encourage意为“促进，鼓励”；balance意为“平衡”；change意为“改变”。由上下文可知，在绿化较好的区域玩耍可以为孩子提供探索和学习的机会，因此绿色空间可以促进重要的发现活动、创造性活动及冒险活动的发生。所以prompt应和encourage意思相近，故选B。
29.【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。由文章第四段倒数第一句：”Moreover，larger volumes of white and grey matter...lead. to. better working memory.”可知A项错误；Dadvand博士的研究是证明了儿童早期接触绿色空间利于其大脑发育，并未强调要改变环境，因此B项错误，D项正确；由最后一段”Further studies...green space.”可知C项错误。
D【文章大意】文章主要讲述我们要善于改变自己，敢于跳出自己的思维框架，这样才有利于自我完善和提升。只有当我们享受整个自我能力提升的过程时，我们才会意识到我们已经开始轻装上阵，变得快乐起来。
30.【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。文章结二段中的三个问题及回答都是关于我们在何时才会做出一些改变，只有当我们经历了苦楚才知道要改变。故A项符合题意。
31．【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。A项意为“她需记得她为什么开始这样（没有勇气面对人群）”；B项意为“她必须知道怎样和人相处”；C项意为“她必须意识到她不是自己认为的那样”；D项意为“她需要明白自信的重要性”。根据文章第六段最后一句”Jane not only believes in her story, but lives it!”可知选C。
32.【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句”And only when we are enjoying the whole process of unlocking our self-improvement power will we realize that we're beginning to take things light and become happy.”可知只有当我们享受整个自我改善的过程时，我们才会意识到自己轻装上阵，变得快乐，文章强调了change一词，所以C项更符合题意。
33.【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了自我完善的重要性，鼓励人们走出自我认知盲区，积极提升自我，让生活变得更加美好。故D项符合题意。
四、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题
【文章大意】文章主要介绍字母评分系统的相关信息。
34.【答案】It stands for “fail”.
【解析】根据文章第二段第二句“An F in this system simply stands for ‘fail’”可知答案。
35.【答案】In 1897.
【解析】根据文章第四段可知，1897年Mount Holyoke College开始使用字母评分系统。
36.【答案】Teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for”excellent”.
【解析】根据文章第六段第三句"...one possible explanation is that teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for 'excellent '. "可知，老师担心部分学生和家长误认为E代表“优秀”。
37.【答案】They thought this new lettergrading system was aneasy, fair and clear way to grade students.
【解析】根据文章第七段第三、四句“As the 20th century began,growing cities and an increase in immigration led tolarger school classrooms. Most teachers at that timethought thisnew letter grading system was an easy,fair and clear way to grade students.”可知,大部分老师认为字母评分系统是一种简单、公平、清晰的给学生打分的方法。
38.【答案】Because the letter grades are familiar and easy for parents to understand.
【解析】根据第八段第三句“They are familiar and easy for parents to understand.”可知，字母评分系统是父母所熟悉和容易理解的。
五、文段表达
题目①
【答案】One possible version：
Dear Peter：
How is it going?
There’ll be a lecture on Peking Opera in our school.The Peking Opera lecture will start at 10: 00 this Friday morning in the school hall. I am writing to invite you to take part in the meaningful lecture. In the lecture we can not only get some useful information about the Peking Opera, but also get close to the traditional Chinese culture, which can benefit us a lot.
There are some suggestions for you to prepare for it. First of all，remember to be there on time. What’s more, don’t forget to bring a camera with you, which can record the precious moment. Last but no least, it’s a golden chance for you to come up with some questions that you are willing to learn about.
If there is anything that I can do，please let me know.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】本题要求以李华的名义给Peter写一封邮件，邀请他参加学校举办的有关京剧的讲座，告知他讲座的时间、地点以及需要做的准备工作。按照写作提示书写注意要点齐全；注意表达规范，格式严谨；可适当加入细节，使内容充实，行文连贯；根据写作内容选择正确的时态。
题目②
【答案】
It’s one of our traditional virtues to be thrifty. Being thrifty is a good virtue which has been passed down from generation to generation. It’s a good idea to start on in our daily life.
First of all, I constantly check the lights and the taps to make sure that they are off when leaving the house. Besides never have I wasted any food. What’s more, I don’t spend too much money on unnecessary things and save money regularly.
The reason why I do so is that I want to make a difference to my life. As the old saying goes, “Waste not; want not” I have made up my mind to be thrifty as much as possible. I think everyone should take action to stick to this virtue.
【解析】本题要求以李华的名义写一篇主题为“节约是美德”的短文，具体介绍实际生活中你是怎么做的以及这样做的意义。按照写作提示书写；注意要点齐全；注意表达规范，切合实际生活；适当加入细节，使内容充实，行文连贯；根据写作内容选择正确的时态。
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