高中定语从句课件

这是一份高中定语从句课件，共24页。

专题：定语从句一.定义。1. 定语：由形容词充当，放在名词前用于修饰名词。Eg. a beautiful girl a smart boy2. 定语从句：由一个句子来修饰某个名词或代词，放在所修饰的名词或代词之后的从句叫做定语从句。（注意：翻译的时候要把从句翻译在所修饰的名词或代词之前）Eg. She is a girl who is beautiful. The boy who wears red T-shirt is my brother.二.构成：先行词+关系词+句子。1. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词，既可指人也可指物。The boy who comes from America speaks English very well.2. 关系代词：（1）定义：用来引导定语从句的词，紧跟在先行词之后，从句之前。先关句子（2）分类：关系代词：that,which,who,what,whose关系副词： when，where，why（3）作用：A.关系代词指代先行词，并且含有先行词的意思。B.关系代词在句中充当一定成分关系代词：主语，宾语，定语关系副词：时间，地点，原因状语C.用来连接先行词与从句。that I can dance to.定语从句先行词I like music关系词定语从句先行词I like musicians关系词who write their own songs.which I can sing along with.定语从句先行词I love the music关系词找出先行词和关系词（2）当先行词指物时，关系词：做主语：which/that做宾语：which/that(可省略）3.根据先行词来选择关系代词(1)当先行词指人时，关系词：做主语：用who/that做宾语：用whom/that/who由上表可知：1.不管先行词指人还是指物，作主语或宾语都用that.2.关系代词在句中作宾语时，不管是人还是物均可省略关系代词。一、引导定语从句的关系代词及用法如何判断关系代词在句中充当何种成分：看关系词后单词的词性。1.若关系词后是动词，则做主语。2.若关系词后是主格(I,you,she,he,it,we,they)，则做宾语。3.若关系代词后是名词，则要进一步判断所属关系。 无所属关系---关系词作宾语 有所属关系--- 关系词作定语注意：判断名词与关系词是否是所属关系的方法：翻译为先行词’s+名词 若成立---有所属关系 若不成立 --- 无所属关系She is a singer ______ song is popular.She is a singer ____________ people are interested in.He is the boy_____________ I write to.This is a book ___________ I bought yesterday. This is a desk _______ legs is broken.whosewho/whom/thatwho/whom/thatwhich/thatwhose1.The woman _________ is singing is my mother.2.I like the music ________ I can dance too.3. This is a boy _________ broke the window.4. Nobody likes people _________ talk too much.5. This is a computer ___________ I bought.6. This is a girl __________ mother is a teacher.7.Do you know the girl _______ picture draws well.8. Do you know the girl _______ songs are popular.9. Do you know the girl _____________teacher talks to.10.Do you know the girl _________ is wearing dress.that/whichwho/thatwho/thatwho/thatthat/whichwhosewhosewhosewho/that/whomWho/that用适当的关系代词填空①The letter ____________ is written in pencil is hard to read.②The man ____________ is talking is humorous.③This is the young man ____________ I often talk about.④The bike ____________ wheels were damaged has now been repaired.that/whichthat/whowho/whomwhose二、关系代词that与which的用法区别1.关系代词只用that不用which的情况：(1)当先行词是不定代词all，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one时。The book contains none that interests me.这本书没什么让我感兴趣的东西。(2)当先行词前面用only，any，few，no，very等修饰时。This is the very book that I’m looking for.这就是我在寻找的那本书。(3)当先行词是形容词最高级或它的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。This is the best way that has been used against pollution.这是被用来解决污染问题的最好办法。(4)当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。The train is the last that will go to Suzhou.这列火车是去苏州的最后一列。What is the first American film that you have seen?你看过的第一部美国电影是什么？(5)当先行词既有人又有物时。We were deeply moved by the man and his story that she told us.她告诉我们的那个人和他的故事深深地打动了我们。关系代词只用that不用which的情况(1)当先行词是不定代词all，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one时。(2)当先行词前面用only，any，few，no，very等修饰时。(3)当先行词是形容词最高级或它的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。(4)当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。(5)当先行词既有人又有物时。1.There isn't much ____________ I can do.2.He is one of the few ____________ can work it out in five minutes.3. All ____________ can be done has been done.4. I mean the one ____________ was stolen yesterday.5. There is no difficulty ____________ we can’t overcome.6. The book is the best ____________ I have read.7. This is the biggest laboratory ____________ we have ever built in our university.8.It is the third one ____________ I've bought. 9.The next thing ____________ we should do is to fill the hole again.10.They talked of things and persons ____________ they remembered in the school.11.He is not the man ____________he was.2.关系代词只用which，而不用that的情况：(1)先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that。What’s that is under the desk?在桌子底下的那东西是什么？(2)关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that。This is the room in he lives.这是他居住的房间。(3)引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that。Tom came back， made us happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。对比填空(that/which)①This is the most interesting story ____________ he’s ever heard.②The first thing ____________ we must do is to mend those shoes.③They are talking about something ____________ interests me.④Have you heard of the persons and the things ____________ he talked about?⑤She always complains about something，____________ makes us sad.⑥What’s that ____________ is in the box?thatthatthatthatwhichwhich5.关系副词的判断方法(1)当先行词是时间状语，从句不缺主语和宾语的情况下，用关系副词when。(2)当先行词是地点状语，从句不缺主语和宾语的情况下，用关系副词where。注意：1.判断句中缺主语的方法：找到句中的动词，看动词前有无名词或代词，若有---不缺主语，用when/where，若无--缺主语，用which/that。2.判断句中缺不缺宾语的方法：找句中的动词，进一步判断动词是及物动词还是不及物动词。若是不及物动词----不加宾语---用when/where/why若是及物动词----后有sb./sth.说明不缺宾语--用when/where/why ---后无sb./sth.说明缺少宾语– 此时用which/that5.This is a place ______ I used to live.6.This is a place __________ I used to live in.7.Home is a place _______ we can get warmth.8. This is an office _______ I can work in the past.9.This is a factory ___________ produces paper.10. This is a place __________ we can easily get to.where1.I will never forget the time _____ I worked at the farm.2. I still remember the day _____ I first met her.3.Do you remember the day _____ our school had sports meeting.4.Do you remember the day ________ we spent in the school.which/thatwhenwhenwhenwhich/thatwherewherewhich/thatwhich/that6.定语从句谓语的选择。关系代词指代先行词，因此关系代词在句中作主语时，从句的动词取决于先行词。I know the girl who ______(come) from China.I know the girls who _______(come )from China.comescome7.定语从句的特殊情况。(1)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，只能用that。This is the most beautiful mountain _____I have seen.that(2)当先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用that。The first thing ______my brother is doing to do this afternoon is homework..that(3)当先行词既包括人又包括物时，只能用that。I will talk about the people and the things _____ I could remember.that(4)当先行词被the only(唯一）, the very（正好）, the last（最后）, the same（相同的）修饰时，只能用that。The white flower is the only one ______ I really like.This the very book ______ I want to read.that(5)当先行词被 all, few, little, no, just修饰时，只能用that。Here are all the books _____ I have.thatAll ____ you have to do is to practice.There isn’t much ______ I can do for you.Is there anything ______ you want to buy in the shop?thatthat(6)当先行词是不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything, all, few, little, much, none时，只能用that。thatthat8.当关系代词作介词的宾语，并且介词提前时,若先行词指人，只用whom若先行词指物，只用whichThe house _________ Luxun once lived in is Luxun’s museum now.The house in _______ Luxun once lived is Lunxun’s Museum now. The girl _________ I talk to is from America.The girl to _______ I talk is from America.The woman with _______ I talk is my mother. that/whichwhichwhom/thatwhomwhom(8)当先行词是that时，只能用which。What’s that _____ flew in the sky.which(9)引导非限制性定语从句（主语和从句之间用逗号隔开），只能用which。The novel, ______I have read three times is The old man and the sea.which(11)当先行词是主格，只能用who。(10)当先行词是不定代词somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody, no one, one, those, all时，只能用who。Those _____ break the low will be punished.whoHe _____ doesn’t get to the Great Wall is not a true man.whoThanks！