新人教版高考英语必修1一轮复习Unit4Earthquakes课件+学案+训练

Unit 4 单元主题语篇训练

A

A tiny Alaska village has experienced a boom in tourism in recent years as polar bears spend more time on land than on Arctic sea ice.

More than 2,000 people visited the northern Alaska village of Kaktovik in 2018 to see polar bears in the wild. The far north community lies in an area where increasingly higher temperature has sped up the movement of sea ice, the primary habitat (栖息地) of polar bears. As ice has gradually moved to deep water beyond the continental shelf, more bears are remaining on land to look for food.

Polar bears have always been a common sight on sea ice near Kaktovik, but villagers started noticing a change in the mid­1990s. More bears seemed to stay on land, and researchers began taking note of more female bears making homes in the snow on land instead of on the ice to raise their babies. U．S. Fish and Wildlife Service biologists began hearing reports of the increasing number of polar bears in the area in the early 2000s. As more attention was given to the plight (困境) of polar bears about a decade ago, more tourists started heading to Kaktovik.

The village had fewer than 50 visitors annually before 2011, said Jennifer Reed, of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. “Today we're talking about hundreds and hundreds of visitors, many from around the world each year，” Reed said. Most tourists visit in the fall, when bears are forced toward land because sea ice is farthest away from the shore. Bruce Inglangasak, a local hunter who sometimes offers wildlife­viewing tours, said he's been offering polar bear tours since 2004. Most of his clients (客户) are from China and Europe, as well as from the lower 48 U．S. states. Many tourists stay several days in the village, which has two small hotels. The villagers have benefited a lot from that. In turn, they provide more effective protection for polar bears with financial support from tourism development.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。气候变暖导致海冰融化，北极熊登陆，为阿拉斯加的一个小村庄带来了巨大的人气，促进了当地旅游业的发展，当地人又用旅游业的收入为北极熊提供积极的保护。

1．What causes more polar bears to stay on land in Kaktovik?

A．Food shortage.

B．Climate change.

C．Habitats' movement to shore.

D．Their preference for land.

解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段的最后两句可知，全球变暖加速了海冰融化，破坏了北极熊原本的栖息地，故越来越多的北极熊待在陆地上以寻找食物，故选B。

2．How did common people feel about more sight of bears on land?

A．Excited.　　　　　　　 B．Puzzled.

C．Concerned.  D．Shocked.

解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，随着越来越多的北极熊出现在陆地上，研究人员、生物学家等也越来越多地关注北极熊所存在的困境，随后，更多游客前往Kaktovik。由此可推知，之前人们普遍对北极熊登陆比较关注。故选C项。

3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A．Hotels in Kaktovik are in demand in autumn.

B．Kaktovik has about 50 visitors annually.

C．Inglangasak makes a living as a tour guide.

D．Tourism affects the balance of nature.

解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Most tourists visit in the fall” “Many tourists stay several days in the village, which has two small hotels.”可知，大多数游客会选择在秋季去Kaktovik游览，而且很多游客会在这个小村庄待上几天，而这个小村庄只有两个小旅馆，故可推知在秋季，Kaktovik的旅馆很抢手。

4．Which saying can describe the text?

A．The fittest can survive.

B．After a storm comes a calm.

C．There is always opportunity in crisis.

D．Every coin has two sides.

解析：选D　推理判断题。通读文章可知，因为全球气候变暖，北极熊被迫登陆来寻找食物以生存下去，这本来是北极熊的困境，然而北极熊登陆却为一个小村庄带来了旅游业的发展，这对小村庄来说是一个机遇，同时，村民又利用旅游业带来的收入为北极熊提供更多保护。因此D项“事物都有两面性”符合语境。

B

Earthquake rescue robots have experienced their final tests in Beijing. Their designers say with these robots, rescuers will be able to buy more time to save lives during an earthquake.

This robot, looking like a helicopter, is called the detector (探测器) bot. At about 4 metres long, it took about 4 years to develop the model. Its main functions are to collect information from the air, and deliver goods of up to 30 kilos to people trapped by an earthquake.

This robot is equipped with a high 360­degree panoramic (全景的) camera. It can work day and night and also be able to send the latest pictures from the quake area.

Dr Qi Juntong, from Chinese Academy of Sciences, said, “The most important feature of this robot is that it doesn't need distant control. We just set the information on it, and then it takes off, and lands by itself. It flies as high as 3,000 metres, and as fast as 100 kilometres per hour.”

This robot has a different function — it can change as the environment changes. Its main job is to search for any signs of life in places where human rescuers can't go.

The robot is equipped with a camera that can work in the dark, as well as a detector that not only finds people, but can also detect poisonous gas.

Another use for the rescuers is the supply bot, with its 10­metre­long pipe. People trapped in the ruins will be able to get supplies including oxygen and liquids.

Experts have said that the robots will be produced, and serve as part of the national earthquake rescue team as soon as next year.

语篇解读：本文主要介绍了一款地震救援机器人。

5．We can learn from the passage that the earthquake rescue robot         .

A．is unable to deliver goods

B．is designed to predict the earthquake

C．can send pictures even at night

D．can be used to clear away poisonous gas

解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，这款机器人会全天候24小时工作，也就是说，即使在夜晚它也可以发送照片。

6．According to Dr Qi Juntong, the earthquake rescue robot         .

A．has a unique shape

B．has more functions

C．is equipped with more advanced cameras

D．can work by itself once given the information

解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段可知，这款机器人不需要远程遥控，在设定信息后它可以自行工作。

7．The robot can find people in an earthquake with the help of         .

A．a remote control　　　　　 B．a detector

C．a long pipe  D．a helicopter

解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第六段可知，这款机器人上的探测器可在地震灾区寻找人。

8．What is the passage mainly about?

A．Some information about earthquakes.

B．How to build earthquake rescue robots.

C．An introduction to a kind of earthquake rescue robots.

D．Different earthquake rescue robots in the world.

解析：选C　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一款地震救援机器人。

C

(2021·昆明质检)Five­year­old Prisilla Perez, a student at Meador Elementary School in Willis, was unhappy with her recent haircut, which resulted from a severe disease. When students in her class started calling Prisilla a boy, she felt ashamed, often crying and losing focus in school.

Her teacher, Shannon Grimm, sympathized with her unhappiness. Grimm and Prisilla's mom were concerned, but their ideas didn't work. “We had classroom discussions about how girls have short hair and boys have long hair, and I showed them photos of movie stars with different looks，” Grimm said. “However, it wasn't sinking in.”

Grimm thought about Prisilla throughout the winter break, and one morning, she had an idea: Cut off her hair — a scary thought for Grimm, who wore her hair long and took pride in it. “I've never had short hair, and I stressed about it for two weeks before making a decision，” she said. On Jan. 4, Grimm invited a hairstylist friend to her home. “I told him to keep going, even if I cried，” she said.

The class loved their teacher's new do, especially Prisilla, who excitedly ran off the school bus that afternoon yelling, “Mom, Ms Grimm cut her hair！” The teacher also bought matching bows for herself and the girl, so they could style their hair together.

In February, the teacher recommended Prisilla for the school district's Student of the Month Award, but during the Monday ceremony, she received a surprise “hero medal” from the girl. “Now we have matching awards，” says Grimm.

Prisilla's mother, Maria, said that Grimm's thoughtfulness brought her to tears. “I was shocked. I was crying. I couldn't believe it — she did something I wouldn't have the bravery to do. I will never forget that.”

语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Prisilla因为是短头发而被同学嘲笑，Grimm老师为了安慰她也剪短了自己的头发，这让Prisilla和她的母亲很感动。

9．Why was Prisilla unhappy at school?

A．She wasn't satisfied with her teacher.

B．She couldn't concentrate in class.

C．She was laughed at by her classmates.

D．She couldn't get on well with others.

解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“When students in her class started calling Prisilla a boy, she felt ashamed, often crying and losing focus in school.”可知，Prisilla在学校不开心是因为她被同学嘲笑。

10．What made Grimm have her own hair cut?

A．Praise from her students.

B．Devotion to her students.

C．Request of Prisilla's mother.

D．Suggestion from the hairstylist.

解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是“Grimm thought about Prisilla ...  she had an idea: Cut off her hair”可知，Prisilla因为是短头发而被同学嘲笑，为了安慰Prisilla, Grimm老师决定把自己的头发剪短。由此可推知，Grimm老师出于对学生的关爱剪短了头发。

11．What can we know about Grimm?

A．She had her hair cut together with Prisilla.

B．She expressed her sincere thanks to her pupils.

C．She hesitated a lot before having her hair cut.

D．She won a gold medal for facing difficulties bravely.

解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的“I've never had short hair, and I stressed about it for two weeks before making a decision”可知，Grimm老师剪短头发之前很犹豫。

12．What is the text mainly about?

A．How Grimm helped her student out.

B．What problem Prisilla had at school.

C．Why Prisilla won the Month Award.

D．When Grimm got her new hairstyle.

解析：选A　主旨大意题。阅读全文可知，Prisilla因为是短头发而被同学嘲笑，她在学校很不开心，Grimm老师为了帮助、安慰她剪短了自己的头发，故A项正确。

tips “两关注”“一防范”破解间接信息题

间接细节理解题相对于直接细节理解题要难些，因为此类题目的正确选项都经过了命题人对原文信息的语义转换，两者存在表达上的差异。间接细节理解题解题时要仔细阅读题干，通过题干和选项中的关键词及其所提供的信息从原文中找到相应的信息(即定位)，然后把选项中的信息与原文中的信息进行比较和分析，准确理解，作出选择。在做间接细节理解题时，要做到“两关注”“一防范”。

“两关注”是指关注正确选项的两个特征：一是同义词替换或释义，即把文中语言(词汇和句型结构)改头换面，来表达相同的意思；二是对文章信息的归纳和概括。

“一防范”是指防范干扰选项的迷惑性，错误选项常使用诸如张冠李戴、无中生有、曲解文意、断章取义、颠倒是非、正误参半等方式来造成句意的改变。

例如上文第9题中选项C中的was laughed at，是对文章信息When students in her class started calling Prisilla a boy的同义替换，同时要防范错选曲解文意的D项。