新人教版必修5高考英语一轮复习Unit2TheUnitedKingdom课件+学案+训练

Unit 2 单元主题语篇训练

A

The UK has a well­respected higher education system and some of the top universities and research instructions in the world. But to those who are new to it all, sometimes it can be confusing.

October is usually the busiest month in the college calendar. Universities have something called Freshers' Week for their newcomers. It's a great opportunity to make new friends, join lots of clubs and settle into university life.

However, having just left the comfort of home and all your friends behind, the prospect (前景) of meeting lots of strangers in big halls can be nerve­wracking (令人焦虑不安的)．Where do you start？Who should you make friends with？Which clubs should you join?

Luckily, there will be thousands of others in the same boat as you worrying about starting their university social life on the right foot. So just take it all in slowly. Don't rush into anything that you'll regret for the next three years.

Here is some top advice from past students on how to survive Freshers' Week：

•Learn rules. Make sure you know British social etiquette (礼节)．Have a few wine glasses and snacks handy for your housemates and friends.

•Be kind. Sometimes cups of tea or even slices of toast can give you a head start in making friends.

•Be sociable. The more active you are, the more likely you'll be to meet new people than if you're someone who never leaves his room.

•Bring a doorstop. Keep your door open when you're in and that sends positive messages to your neighbors that you're friendly.

So with a bit of clever planning and effort, Freshers' Week can give you a great start to your university life and soon you'll be passing on your experience to next year's new recruits.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。当你在异国他乡求学，对于刚刚步入一个全新校园的你来说，也许一切都会显得很陌生。但是你不要怕，本文将向你介绍一些在英国如何度过新生周的方法。

1. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A．October is generally the busiest month for universities.

B．It's a good idea to put a doorstop in your door.

C．A bit of planning can make Freshers' Week easier.

D．The first week of your every year at university is called Freshers' Week.

解析：选D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句话可判断出D项表述错误，新生入学的第一周才叫Freshers' Week。 故选D。

2．The underlined word “recruits” in the last paragraph refers to         .

A．courses　　　　　 B．freshers

C．neighbors  D．challenges

解析：选B　词义猜测题。最后一段逗号后面的意思是：新生周可以让你的大学生活有一个很棒的开端，而且你将很快把你的经验传给下一年的新生。故选B。

3. We can infer from the 4th paragraph that         .

A．the newcomers usually miss the days living at home

B．most of the students in the UK spend three years in universities

C．many freshers are worried about how to fit university life

D．all the new students will make new friends and join certain clubs

解析：选C　推理判断题。该段的第一句话说“数以千计的其他人也会和你一样担心如何正确地开始他们的大学生活”，由此可知应选C项。

4. The main purpose of the passage is to           .

A．tell the newcomers how to make a new start in universities

B．introduce something about higher education system of the UK

C．discuss something about the Freshers' Week in the UK

D．advise the freshmen how to behave well in the beginning

解析：选A　写作意图题。从文章第五段的“Here is some top advice from past students on how to survive Freshers' Week”可以看出该文的写作目的是A项。其中，“Freshers' Week”指的就是a new start in universities。故选A。

B

Although fires are still a danger in every major city today, they were a much more serious problem in earlier centuries. The historic Fire of London was a serious example of the damage fire can cause. Finally, however, this disaster also positively affected the city.

In 1666, the Great Fire of London burned out of control for three days, destroying most of the central district of the city. The disaster caused a huge amount of damage — around seventy thousand people lost their homes. At the time, there were only about eighty thousand living in the city. There are no accurate records of how many people died in the fire because the worst damage happened in poor neighborhoods. Unfortunately, the government didn't record the deaths of poor people in those early times.

When the fire happened, people in London were already struggling to survive a large plague (瘟疫) outbreak that had begun in 1665. London's housing troubles were a major cause of the problem. At the time, much of central London consisted of closely packed and poorly made wooden buildings. This created an unhealthy environment because germs travelled freely from home to home. In addition, the buildings were on narrow, dirty streets where people threw their garbage. Rats were attracted by the garbage, and they brought fleas (跳蚤) — the carriers of the plague. Once people caught the plague from flea bites, the disease spread rapidly throughout the city especially in the cramped central district. It was in these terrible conditions that the Great Fire raged through London.

Despite the damage, the fire had a positive effect because it destroyed the old, poorly made wooden buildings. It also killed most of the rats and fleas, which slowed the spread of the plague. After the fire, the government rebuilt the damaged areas. Whenever possible, they used brick or stone. Thus, the new houses were much more solid and more difficult for rats to enter. Widened streets and improved garbage collection also helped to stop the disease from spreading from person to person because there was simply more room to walk.

语篇解读：本文是说明文。发生于1666年的伦敦大火灾造成了非常严重的损失，但同时也结束了自1665年以来伦敦的鼠疫问题。

5．Which of the following is TRUE about fires in the past?

A．They mainly happened in large cities.

B．They always had some positive effects.

C．They caused small amounts of damage.

D．They were more dangerous than fires today.

解析：选D　细节理解题。由第一段中的“they were a much more serious problem in earlier centuries”可知，虽然火灾现在依然是大城市的一大威胁，但是在几个世纪前，火灾是更加严重的问题。

6．Why are there no accurate death records of the fire?

A．The numbers were beyond counting.

B．The government intended to hide the facts.

C．The records were destroyed in another fire.

D．The deaths of poor people were unrecorded.

解析：选D　细节理解题。由第二段中的“There are no accurate records of how many people died in the fire ... the government didn't record the deaths of poor people in those early times.”可知，在伦敦大火中有多少人丧生并没有准确的记录，因为政府没有记录有多少穷人死亡。

7．What does the underlined word “cramped” in Paragraph 3 mean?

A．Ancient.  B．Crowded.

C．Damaged.  D．Popular.

解析：选B　词义猜测题。由第三段中的“closely packed and poorly made wooden buildings”和“the buildings were on narrow, dirty streets”可知，疾病在整个城市蔓延，特别是在拥挤的中心城区；由此推断，cramped意为“狭窄的，拥挤的”。

8．Why did the government rebuild the city with brick and stone after the fire?

A．To reduce building costs.

B．To make houses stronger.

C．To keep fleas out of the city.

D．To stop the plague spreading.

解析：选B　推理判断题。由最后一段中的“the new houses were much more solid and more difficult for rats to enter”可知，政府用砖和石头来重建被烧毁的地区，目的是想把房子建得更坚固。

C

A new kind of surgical knife can tell cancerous from healthy tissue in seconds and may help improve tumor (肿瘤) removal in the operating room.

Known as the iKnife, the tool analyzes the vapour given off as surgeons use electrical current to cut away tissue, and it reports in real time whether the tissue is cancerous or not.

Tests in 91 human patients have shown the tool's diagnoses were extremely accurate, and may be reliable enough to begin widespread use in operating rooms.

The iKnife uses mass spectrometry (质谱法) to examine the surgical smoke given off by tissue, informing the surgeon in three seconds as to what it contains.

Other current techniques, which include sending removed tissue to a lab for analysis, are costly and frequently inadequate and take about 20－30 minutes.

“Remarkably, there are almost no technologies in routine clinical practice to assist the surgeon in improving the accuracy of cancer tissue clearance，” said the study.

For patients, this uncertainty can lead to repeat surgeries or worse, since returning to the operating table is not always an option for soft tissue tumors.

The iKnife can make current tumor diagnostics more accurate, and it has the potential to influence on­table decision­making and ultimately to improve oncological (肿瘤学的) outcomes.

In Britain alone, there are 300,000 new cases of cancer each year and 1.8 million surgical procedures performed in treatment.

The iKnife was tested on tissue samples from 302 patients, including those with tumors of the stomach, liver, lung, breast and brain, and later in the operating room during 91 procedures to cut tumor tissue away.The iKnife is not yet commercially available and likely will not be for at least another year.

“If perfected, this would help surgeons and patients avoid countless trips back to the operating room to try and obtain clear margins.A larger study needs to be carried out, but this preliminary data is very exciting，” said Stephanie Bernik, chief of surgical oncology at a hospital in New York.

语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文。最新研究表明：与传统的诊断方式不同，智能手术刀iKnife可以迅速并精确地诊断出病人是否患有癌症，这对病人来讲是一个福音。

9．The iKnife can identify unhealthy tissue by         .

A．using electrical current to test it

B．testing the blood and cells of it

C．analyzing the smoke given off by it

D．cutting away tissue and examining it

解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“analyzes the vapour given off as surgeons use electrical current to cut away tissue”和第四段中的“examine the surgical smoke given off by tissue”可知，智能手术刀主要通过分析组织释放的气体来确定不健康的组织。

10．It is implied in the passage that the iKnife         .

A．can be purchased within several years

B．has been tested in more than 3,000 patients

C．should be perfected before it's put into use

D．can be used in other diseases besides cancer

解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If perfected, this would help surgeons and patients avoid countless trips back to the operating room ...”可知，虽然智能手术刀非常厉害，但在投入使用前还有待完善。

11．What is Stephanie Bernik's attitude towards the iKnife?

A．Negative.　　　　　 B．Doubtful.

C．Critical.  D．Objective.

解析：选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，Stephanie Bernik非常客观地评价了智能手术刀。

12．What is the main idea of the passage?

A．The iKnife can tell unhealthy from healthy tissue.

B．The iKnife will take the place of current techniques.

C．The iKnife can make doctors' diagnoses more accurate.

D．The iKnife will change people's attitude towards cancer.

解析：选A　主旨大意题。阅读全文，尤其是第一段的内容可知答案。

tips 着眼全局，客观理性地解观点态度题

观点态度题旨在考查考生是否理解作者或文中人物对某人或文中人物对某人/事物所持的观点或态度。这类题目相对而言难度较大，迷惑性也较强，因为考生很难找到具体对应的语言点，要从整篇文章或整个段落的叙述中去推测。另外，此类题所给的答案选项一般是四个形容词，考生应在审题时就把握好这四个形容词所表达的意思，然后返回文章去寻找信息。特别注意，解答此类题时切勿用自己的观点代替作者的观点或文中人物的观点，同时要注意区分作者本人的态度与作者引用的他人的观点态度。解题的关键是要看作者在文中用了什么样的口气。若用褒义词，显然是赞成；若用贬义词，显然是反对；若是客观陈述，则是中立的立场，不偏不倚。作者的态度常常在转折词后表明出来，因此转折词至关重要(如but, yet, however, although, nevertheless等)。

例如上文第11小题，根据全文论述特别是最后一段中Stephamie Bernik所说的话可推知，他非常客观地评价了智能手术刀。