小学英语语法大全详解（附练习）

这是一份小学英语语法大全详解（附练习），共83页。试卷主要包含了名词的数，名词所有格的构成法，把下列句子翻译成英文，改错，将下列句子变成复数形式，选择填空，用动词的适当形式填空，句型转换等内容，欢迎下载使用。


小学英语语法大全详解（附练习）
第一章 名词
1. 名词的数
2. 名词的格
第二章 代词
1. 人称代词
2. 物主代词
第三章 冠词 与 数词
1. 冠词
2. 数词
第四章 一般现在时态
第五章 现在进行时态
第六章 句型
1． 陈述句
2． 疑问句
3． 祈使句
4． There be 句型与have\ has
第七章 总结考试


第一章 名词 （Noun）
名词的概念
在生活中，我们会接触到各种各样的人和事物，用来表示这些人或事物名称的词就是名词。
一、名词的数
名词的数指名词的单数和复数形式。可数名词表示“一个”时用单数，“两个以上”时用复数；不可数名词表示量时，通常用“数词+单位+of+物质名词”的形式，如 a piece of bread (一片面包)， 变为复数时，只须将单位名词变为复数， 如：two pieces of bread(两片面包)。
*名词复数的构成法则
1. 一般情况下在词尾加 s. 词尾读音
shop --- shops (商店) 在清辅音后读 [ s ]
bag --- bags (书包) 在浊辅音后读 [ z ]
window --- windows (窗户) 在元音后读 [ z ]
2. 以 s, x, sh, ch 结尾的单词在词尾加es。
class --- classes (班级) 词尾读音[ iz ]
box --- boxes (盒子)
match --- matches (比赛)
brush --- brushes (刷子)
3. 以“辅音字母 +y” 结尾的词， 变y为 i 加es.
story --- stories (故事) 词尾读音[ iz ]
4. 以“元音字母 +y” 结尾的词，在词尾直接加 s
key --- keys 词尾读音[ z ]
monkey --- monkeys
5.以 “o” 结尾的名词， 复数一般在词尾加“s”, 但个别加 “es”
tomato --- tomatoes (西红柿) 词尾读音[ z ]
potato --- potatoes (土豆)
zoo --- zoos (动物园)
photo --- photos (照片)
*（以 “o”结尾，复数加 “es”）口诀：
黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)，左手拿着西红柿(tomato)，右手拿着破土豆(potato)，
头顶一个大芒果（mango）。
6. 以 f或 fe 结尾的词，多数变f或 fe 为 ves.
leaf --- leaves (树叶) 词尾读音[ vz ]
knife --- knives ( 小刀)
*（以f或fe结尾的单词，需把f或fe 变ves的单词）口诀：
妻子（wife）持刀（knife）去宰狼（wolf），小偷（thief）吓得发了慌，躲在架下（shelf）保己命，半(half)片树叶（leaf）遮目光。
*（以f或fe结尾的单词，直接加 “s”的单词）口诀：
长颈鹿(giraffe)站在屋檐(roof)下，左手拿着手绢(handkerchief)，右手拿着高尔夫球(golf)。
例： roof --- roofs ( 屋顶)
7. 不规则名词复数的变化
man --- men (男人) tooth ---teeth (牙齿)
child --- children (儿童) mouse --- mice(老鼠)
foot --- feet (脚) woman --- women (女人)
8. 名词单复数形式一样
sheep --- sheep (绵羊) deer --- deer （鹿）
English --- English（英国人） Chinese --- Chinese （中国人）
*（不规则名词变复数）口诀：
男人，女人a变e；
鹅，足，牙齿oo变ee；
其实老鼠也好记ous变ic；
孩子加上ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用记。
二、名词所有格的构成法
1. 主要是在词尾加’ s 构成。如:
This is Tom’s desk . 这是汤姆的书桌。
That is Mike’s book. 那是迈克的书。
2. 如果原名词已经有复数词尾s ,则仅加一个’ . 如:
the teachers’ reading room 教师阅览室
the pupils’ pencil-boxes 学生们的文具盒
3. 如果原词是复数形式，但不是以s 结尾， 变为所有格形式需在后面加上’ s 。如：
the children’s palace 少年宫
men’s room 男厕所
*名词所有格口诀：
名词所有格，s前面加一撇’，复数s放在尾，后加一撇就完结，两人共有算一个，后面只加一个撇。











名词练习题
一、 写出下列名词的复数形式
1.computer ____________ 2.apple ____________ 3.city ______________
4.house _____________ 5.sheep _____________ 6.watch ______________
7.tomato _____________8.child _____________ 9.tooth ________
10.foot ______________ 11.wife _____________12.potato ____________
13.play _____________ 14.day ____________ 15.glass ______________
16.radio ______________ 17.zoo ______________ 18. life ______________
19. story _____________ 20.leaf _____________ 21. baby _____________
22.dress _____________ 23.butterfly _____________24. deer _____________
25.class _____________ 26.brush _____________ 27.key _____________
28. English ____________29.mouse ____________30. man _____________
二、汉译英
1．Tom的足球 _________________ 2. 老师们的自行车_________________
3．学生们的课桌 _________________ 4.哥哥的文具盒_________________
5．姑姑的卡片 _________________ 6.猴子们的香蕉_________________
7．蚂蚁们的早餐 _________________ 8.妈妈的包_________________
9．姐姐的连衣裙_________________ 10女孩们的苹果_________________
三、把下列句子翻译成英文
1．这些 是Peter 的篮球吗？ ________________________________________
2．这个是老师的钢笔吗？ ___________________________________________
3．有一些书在Sam的课桌上。________________________________________
4．有一些孩子们在教室里。___________________________________________
四、改错 （圈出错处，在横线上改正过来）
1.There are some butterflys on the table. ________________________
2.This is Alice dress. ______________________
3.I like tomato very much. __________________
五、将下列句子变成复数形式。
1．This dog is brown.
___________________________________________________
2. There is a book and a pen on the table.
___________________________________________________
3.That woman is a teacher.
___________________________________________________






能力测试卷 （名词）
一、 将下列名词变成复数形式。
1.plane tree lesson
month apple shirt
2. box bus brush
watch class fox
3.knife life leaf
Wife thief
4.day boy monkey
baby country story
5.photo radio piano
tomato hero
6. child tooth man
Sheep English Chinese
二、判断正误，并改正错句，正确的打“ √ ”
1．The house is my brother. ________________________
2. He has visited many country. ______________________
3. They are Englishs. ______________________________
4. This is Tom red bike. ____________________________
三、选择填空
1．There are two ______ in the room.
A. Chineses B. Englishman
2.The old man will have ___________ out.
A. two tooths B. two teeth
3. ____________ are sold in this bookstore.
A. Children’s books B. Children books
4. Some friends of _________ will come here.
A. John’s B. John
5. Can you give me ______________?
A. some papers B. a piece of paper
6.There are ______________ on the floor.
A. some box B. some boxes
四、将下列句子变成复数形式。
1．This sheep is white.
___________________________________________________
2. There is a desk and a chair in the room.
___________________________________________________
3.That man is a doctor.
___________________________________________________

第二章 代词
一、人称代词
1．人称代词即表示“你、我、他、你们、我们、他们”等的词，它的人称、数和格的变化见下表：
数
人称
主格
宾格
单数
第一人称
I
me
第二人称
you
you
第三人称
he
she
it
him
her
it
复数
第一人称
We
us
第二人称
you
you
第三人称
they
them
主格与宾格：
人称代词有主格和宾格两种形式。主格主要用来做句子的主语；宾格主要用作宾语。
人称代词主格用在句首作主语。She is sitting in a bus.她正坐在公共汽车上。
人称代词宾格在动词后作宾语。This pen is bad.I can’t write with it.这支钢笔不好，我没法用它写字。
2.人称代词的排列顺序
人称代词并列使用时，通常以下列顺序出现，请熟悉并记忆。
1） 单数代词：you and I; you and he ; he and I ; you ,he and I
2） 复数代词：we and they ; we and you ; you and they; we, you and they
3） 第三人称单数代词：he and she
*人称代词排序口诀：人称代词并列观，注意顺序礼貌见；
单数人称二、三、一，复数人称一、二、三；
麻烦事情“我”站前，其他人称没意见；
两性并用为三单，男先女后是习惯。
二、物主代词
物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
人称
类别
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
复数
单数
复数
单数
复数
形容词性
my
our
your
your
his,her,its
their
名词性
mine
our
yours
yours
his,hers,its
theirs
名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + 名词
例，Whose coat is this? 这是谁的上衣?
It’s hers. 是她的。 hers= her coat
*关于物主代词的口诀：
物主代词很重要，译成汉语都有“的”，后面必须加上物，否则就要犯错误，
my your his her its our their 不放过。
形容词性是基础，除了我的 “mine”外，其他词尾“s”性

形物代能力差，出门常把名词加；名物代能力强，常来独去又独往。

三、反身代词
反身代词也叫“自身代词”，表示“**自己”。
数 人称
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
myself
yourself
himself, herself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
I can do it by myself. 我自己能做这件事。
*反身代词的构成规律记忆口诀：
反身代词有规律，第三人称宾格加，其余开头用物主，复数-ves替-f

四、指示代词
This (这个)------- these (这些) 指近处的事物
That (那个)------- these (那些) 指远处的事物
例，This is a book. 这是本书。 These are some books. 这些是书。
That is a car. 那是辆小汽车。 Those are some cars. 那些是小汽车。











代词练习题
一、 根据题意，用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Mary is a friend of ______________. ( I )
2. This is ________ ( she ) ruler. ________ ( I ) is in the bag.
3. Her brother is too young to look after _________ ( he )
4. This is _________ ( I ) book. This book is _________ ( I ).
5. These pens are _________ ( we ).
二、填写下列表格。
人称代词
我
我们
你，你们
他
她
它
他们
主 格







宾 格







形容词性物主代词







名词性物主代词







反身代词







三、改写下列句子
Eg, This is my book. ------ The book is mine.
1. That is her ruler. _________________________________
2. These are their footballs. __________________________________
3. This is my backpack . ____________________________________
4. Those are your boxes. ____________________________________
四、把下列句子改写成复数。
1. This is a butterfly. ____________________________________________
2. That is a bus. ________________________________________________
3. It is a mouse. ________________________________________________
五、改错。
1.This is mine lamp. ___________________________________________
2.These are ours books.____________________________________________
3. That are their teacher. ___________________________________________
4.The house is my brother. ________________________
5. He has visited many country. ______________________
6. They are Chineses. ______________________________
7. This is Tom red bike. ____________________________



能力测试卷 （代词）
一、 帮下面的好朋友团圆 （连线）
I 她
its 我们
her 他（她，它）们
we 我
they 你的
their 他（她，它）们
your 她的
she 它的
二、填空
1．She’s a teacher . This is _________ bag.
2. He’s a driver. This is ___________ taxi.
3. I am a boy . __________ name is Peter.
4. --What’s __________ name?
-- My name is Tony.
5. It’s my puppy. ______ name is Mimi.
三、选择
( ) 1.Your book is not so old as _________.
A. him B. he C. his D. she
( ) 2. _____ book is it ? It’s ________.
A. Whose…her B. Whose… hers C. Who…hers D. Whom… her
( ) 3. He is a friend of ________.
A. our B. us C. my D. mine
四、改错
1. I, you and he are all teachers.
______________________________________________________
2. This is mine teddy bear.
______________________________________________________
3. These are ours bags.
______________________________________________________
4. These is their teachers.
______________________________________________________


第三章 数词和冠词
一、数词
表示数目和顺序的词叫数词。数词又分基数词和序数词，基数词表示数量，序数词表示顺序。
1． 最基本的基数词如下表所示：
1~10
11~19
20~100
1 one
11 eleven

2 two
12 twelve
20 twenty
3 three
13 thirteen
30 thirty
4 four
14 fourteen
40 forty
5 five
15 fifteen
50 fifty
6 six
16 sixteen
60 sixty
7 seven
17 seventeen
70 seventy
8 eight
18 eighteen
80 eighty
9 nine
19 nineteen
90 ninety
10 ten

100 one hundred
*基数词的写法 ：21~99的两位数，十位与个位之间用连字符“-”。
例：21 twenty - one 32 thirty - two 99 ninety – nine
百位数：个位数基数词形式加“hundred”，表示几百，在几十几与百位间加上and。
例：101 a hundred and one. 320 three hundred and twenty 648six hundred and forty-eight
2．序数词的构成
1）一般来说，是由相应的基数词加词尾th构成。例，
four+ th--- fourth six + th --- sixth
seven + th --- seventh ten + th --- tenth
2）下面这些基数词在变为序数词时，有特殊的变化。例，
one --- first two --- second three --- third five--- fifth
eight --- eighth nine --- ninth twelve --- twelfth
3）十位整数序数词的构成方法是将基数词的词y 变成i，然后在加eth.例，
twenty --- twentieth thirty --- thirtieth
forty --- fortieth ninety --- ninetieth
4） 两位或两位以上的基数词变为序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词。例，
twenty –one ------ twenty- first
thirty-five ------thirty-fifth
a hundred and fifty-three ------- a hundred and fifty- third
*基数词变序数词的口诀：
基变序，有规律；词尾加上th（fourth, sixth）
一、二、三，单独记；结尾字母t, d, d；（first，second，third）
八去t,九去e,（eighth，ninth）；ve要用f替；（fifth，twelfth）
整十基数变序数，ty将y变成i ; th 前面有个e；
要是遇到几十几，前用基来后用序。
二、冠词
冠词分不定冠词和定冠词两种。 a或an是不定冠词，the是定冠词。a用在辅音音素之前，如 a desk, a tree ; an 用在元音因素之前，如 an apple, an hour, an English book.
1. 不定冠词（a,an）指人或事物的某一种类，表示“一个”，但不强调数量。
She is a teacher. That’s an orange.
2. 定冠词 the，是特指某（些）人、某（些）物，或指说话人与听话人彼此知道的人或物，或者是在上文提到过的人和事。
This is a bus. The bus is big.
3. 不用冠词的情况：
1） 专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词前一般不用冠词。如，
Chinese, English, Jim等。
2） 名词前已经有this, that, my, your等词时，就不再用冠词了。如，
that mouse (那只老鼠)
3) 一些固定词组前不用定冠词。如，
at home 在家 go to school 去上学
*定冠词the的用法记忆口诀：
特指、重提和唯一，岛屿、海峡和海湾；
海洋、党派、最高级，沙漠、河流与群山；
方位、顺序和乐器，年代、团体与机关；
船名、建筑和组织，会议、条约与报刊；
姓氏复数、国全名，记住定冠the加在前。
*零冠词用法口诀：
月份、星期、节假洲，呼语、头衔职务前；
三餐、球类、惯用语，学科、棋类名词前。









冠词和数词专项练习
一、在空白处填上适当的冠词，不需要的填“/”。
1) at ____home 2) go to_____ bed 3) go to _____school
4) catch ______ bad cold 5) have _____ good time
6) ______red apple 7)_____ English book 8) ______ spoon
9)_____ orange 10) ______melon 11) _______ eraser
二、选择填空
1.There is _____ “m” in the word “primary”
A. an B.a C.the D./
2.This is ____ orange bike .
A.a B.an C.the D/
3.It always takes us half _____ hour to have ____ long walk after supper .
A.a,a B,a ,the C.an , a D.an , the
4.English is ____ useful language in ____ world .
A.an , the B.a , the C.the , / D./ , the
5.We are going to _____ cinema this evening .
A.the B./ C/a D.an
6.He’s standing on _____ other side of _____ river .
A.a , a B.the , the C.the , a D.a , the
7._____ potato is a vegetable , not ____ fruit .
A.The , an B.The , a C.A, the D.An, /
8.He was _____ first to come .
A.The B.a C.the D./
9.Do you see ____ book on _____ table ?
A.the , a B.a, an C.an , an D.a , the
10.Where’s _____ desk ? It’s in ____ middle of the room .
A./ , / B./ , a C.a , / D.the , the
11.He is _____ friend of mine .
A.an B./ C.the D.a
12.There is ____ university near the farm .
A.a B.an C.the D./
13.He died in ____ autumn of 1989 .
A./ B.the C.a D.an
14.I have ____ book . I t’ s _____ interesting one . I like reading ____ books very much .
A.a, an ,/ B.a , / , the C.an , an , the D./ , an , /
15.Today is _____ Children’s Day .
A.a B.an C.the D/
16.This is _____ bag . That is ____ eraser .
A.a, a B.a , an C.an , a D. an , an
四、用代词填空:
1._____ , _____ and ____ are all good friends .
A.We , you , they B.You , they , we C.We , they , you D.They , you , we
2.____ classroom is big , but ____ is much bigger than _____ .
A.We , they , us B.Our , their , our C.Our , theirs , ours D.Our , theirs , we
3.She lost ____ pen . Will you lend her ____ ?
A.her , yours B.his , your C.hers , you D.their , yourself
4. “What are you doing ?” “I am looking at _____ in the mirror ?”
A.me B.myself C.itself D.himself
5.____ , ____ and _____ all enjoy music .
A.She , you , I B.I , she , you C.You , she , I D.I , you , she

能力测试卷（冠词和数词）
一、 写出相邻的数词
1. twenty 2. five
3. twelve 4. fifty-eight
5. ninety 6. seventy
7. thirty-eight 8. one hundred
9. one thousand 10. one
二、选择正确答案
1.There are days in a year.
A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five
C. three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty five
2.There are students in this school.
A. eight hundreds and forty-six B. eight hundred and forty six
C. eight hundred and forty-six D. eight hundred forty-six
3.My brother is in .
A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One
C. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade one
4.He was doing some washing .
A. at eight yesterday morning B. yesterday morning eight
C. yesterday morning at eight D. by eight yesterday morning
5.There are months in a year. December is the month of the year.
A. twelve; twelve B. twelve; twelfth C. twelfth; twelve D. twelve; twelveth
6.Sunday is the day of the week.
A. seventh B. first C. second D. third
7.Autumn is season in a year.
A. the fourth B. the third C. a third D. third
8.Tom was to get to school and I was .
A. first; ninth B. the first; the ninth C. a first; a ninth D. the second; the ninth
9.What’s the date today? It’s .
A. Friday B. time to go C. cloudy D. June 4th
10.Monday is the second day, and .
A. Tuesday is the fourth B. Thursday is the fifth
C. the second is Tuesday D. the second is Thursday



第四章 一般现在时态
一、一般现在时的定义
一般现在时是表示现在经常反复发生的动作，存在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态。
二、一般现在时的结构
一般现在时用行为动词的原形，但第三人称单数作主语时，动词的词尾要加-s 或- es。现在以连系动词be 和行为动词read为例，对一般现在时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句及其简略答语的构成以表格形式加以说明：
动词
肯定句
否定句

be
I am …
I am not …
You/We/They are …
You/We/They are not …
He/She/It is ...
He/She/It is not …
read
I/We/You/They read…
I/We/You/They/ do not read …
He/She/It reads …
He/She/It does not read …

动词
疑问句
简略答语（肯定）
简略答语（否定）



be
Am I …?
Yes , you are.
No, you are not.
Are you …?
Yes, I am/we are.
No, I am/we are not.
Are we …?
Yes, we/you are.
No, we/ you are not.
Are they …?
Yes, they are.
No, they are not.
Is he…?
Yes, he is.
No, he is not.
Is she …?
Yes, she is.
No, she is not.
Is it …?
Yes, it is.
No, it is not.

read
Do I / we / they read …?
Yes, you / we / they do.
No, you / we / they do not.
Does he / she / it read … ?
Yes, he / she / it does.
No, he / she / it does not.
连系动词be 的各种形式常与代词或not缩写成一个词。助动词do，does 一般只有与not 缩写。联系动词be缩写形式如下
肯定
缩写
否定
缩写
I am
I’m
I am not
I’m not
You are
You’re
You are not
You’re not /You aren’t
He is
He’s
He is not
He’s not /He isn’t
She is
She’s
She is not
She’s not /She isn’t
It is
It’s
It is not
It’s not / It isn’t
We are
We’re
We are not
We’re not / We aren’t
They are
They’re
They are not
They’re not / They aren’t
动词do not 的缩写形式为don’t，does not 的缩写形式为doesn’t。
二、 动词加-s 或-es （动词第三人称单数）
当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词需加-s 或-es
1． 一般在词尾加 –s
例：work—works leave --- leaves swim --- swims
2． 以字母s，x，ch，sh 或o结尾的词加-es
例：pass--- passes fix ---fixes teach --- teaches do--- does
3． 以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先变y为i再加-es
例：study --- studies carry --- carries fly --- flies cry --- cries
三、 一般现在时的用法
1． 表示经常或习惯性的动作。常与often（经常）, always（总是）, sometimes（有时）, every day（每天）, on Sundays/Mondays 等表示频度的时间状语连用。
一般现在时的时间状语有：today, often, sometimes, always, usually, every day ( week, month, year,…) , this year, once a week ( month, year,…) 一周（月，年）一次
例句：I get up at 6 o’clock every day.
He often goes to school by bike.
2． 表示客观事实，普遍真理。
例句：Two and two are four.二加二等于四。
The earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。









一般现在时态专项练习

一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式
post
eat
stop
jump
go
like
visit
pass
rise
read
ride
have
give
write
swim
study
watch
fly
teach
do
二、 单项选择
( )1._____ you have a book ?
A Do B. Are C. Is D. Have
( )2.Does Li Lei like to watch TV?
______________.
A. Yes, he like. B. No, he doesn’t.
C. Yes, he’d like. D. No, he likes.
( )3.She doesn’t ______ her homework in the afternoon.
A. doing B. to do C. does D. do
( )4.How ____ Mr. Smith ______ to England?
A. do, go B. is , go C. does, go D. does , goes
( )5. _____ she ______ home at six every day?
A. Is , leave B. Does , leave C. Is , leaves D. Does , left
三、 用下列动词的适当形式填空
1.I ______ ( get ) up at 6 o’clock every day.
2.My father ______ (have) a lovely dog.
3.He ______ (go ) to school on foot.
4.She ______ (do ) not like watching TV.
5.They ______ (play) football every Sunday afternoon.
四、 按要求完成下列各题
1.Tomorrow is Saturday.(变成一般疑问句)
_________ ________ Saturday ?
2.Does he play basketball every weekend? (肯定回答)
Yes, ______ _______.
3.She looks like her sister.(变一般疑问句)
_____ she ______ like her sister ?
4.Peter and Sam look the same.(一般疑问句)
______ they _____ the same ?
5.Do they always go to the movie (电影院) on Sundays ? (否定回答)
No, _______ _______.
五、英汉互译
1. Tom经常放学后（after school）踢足球。
__________________________________
2. 我喜欢唱歌。
__________________________________
3. He often goes to school on foot.
__________________________________
4. Children like to play this game.
__________________________________
5. 今天是星期日。
__________________________________


能力测试卷 （一般现在时）
一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式
go
have
swim
study
rise
stop
do
ride
cry
go
write
fly
play
read
come
buy
give
watch
work
carry
二、 用动词的适当形式填空
1. He _______ (go) to school on foot.
2. She _______ not like watching TV. (do)
3. My father _______ (have) a lovely dog.
4. I often ______ ( get ) up at six every morning.
5. My mother _______ ( work) in a school.
三、 英汉互译
1. 他经常在周六的时候读英语。
_____________________________
2. Peter 每天都帮助妈妈做家务。
______________________________
3. Tom always plays football after school.
______________________________
4．I get up at six o’clock every day.
_______________________________
5. The coat fits (适合) me very well.
_______________________________


第五章 现在进行时态
一、 现在进行时的定义
现在进行时是表示在现在某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作的时态。
二、 现在进行时的构成
现在进行时由“系动词（am，is ， are） + 现在分词（动词加-ing形式）”
构成。现在以动词work为例，对现在进行时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句及简略答语列表说明：
肯 定 句
否 定 句
I am working.
I am not working.
You are working.
You are not working.
He/She/It is working.
He/She/It is not working.
We/You/They are working.
We/You/They are not working.

疑 问 句
简 略 答 语
Am I working?
Yes, you are.
No, you are not.
Are we working?
Yes, we/ you are.
No, we/ you aren’t.

Are you working?
Yes, I am.
No, I am not.
Yes, we are.
No, we are not.
Is he/she it working ?
Yes, he/she/it is.
No, he/she/it is not.
Are they working?
Yes, they are.
No, they are not.

三、 现在分词的构成
1. 一般在动词原形末尾加-ing。
stay --- staying do --- doing listen --- listening
2. 以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing。
make --- making ride --- riding give --- giving
3. 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing。
put --- putting sit --- sitting run --- running
4. 以ie 为重读音节结尾的单词，先去掉e，把i 变为y，再加 –ing。
lie --- lying die --- dying
四、 现在进行时的用法
1. 表示现在或说话时正在进行的动作，常和下列时间状语连用：now, at this moment, at present, these days (years), this term … 有时也与look , listen 等连用。
例句：Look, what are the monkeys eating?
看，那些猴子在吃什么？
2. 表示当前一直或反复在进行的动作或难以终止的动作。
例句：They are running and jumping all the time.
他们一直在跑啊跳啊。















现在进行时态专项练习
一、 写出下列动词的现在分词形式
stay __________
do __________
listen __________
suffer __________
refuse __________
close __________
operate _________
die _________
work ________
spend _________
look _________
make __________
put __________
sit __________
run __________
tie __________
take _________
give _________
ride _________
please _________
win _________
begin _________
open _________
lie _________
二、 用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. Mary and Lucy are ________ (dance) now.
2. Listen! Someone is _______ (play) the piano in the next room.
3. He is __________ (sweep) the floor at the moment.
4. Look ! The cat ________ ________ (eat) the fish on the table.
5. A: ______ you _______ (study) French ?
B: Yes , I am.
6. She often ____________ (dance) after school.
7. My father and mother ______ ______ (swim) in the pond.
8. My sister is ________ (fly) a kite in the garden.
9. We are __________ (watch) TV now.
10. Be quiet ! The baby _____ ______ (sleep) now.
三、 改错
1. We are cleanning our classroom. ______________________________
2. She is sing in the next room. ______________________________
3. What am you doing? ______________________________
4. Mary is comeing back from Beijing.______________________________
5. He often flying kites on Sundays. ______________________________
6. They is reading books now. ______________________________
7. My brother is plays the guitar now. _______________________________
8. Sally is danceing in the room. _______________________________
9. I watching TV at home now. ________________________________
10. Do you listening the radio now? ________________________________
四、 英汉互译
1. 他正在教室里做作业。
______________________________________________
2. We are reading English now.
______________________________________________
3. Peter 和Billy 正在操场上（in the playground）打篮球。
______________________________________________
4. Look ! A bird is flying in the sky.
______________________________________________
5. 公共汽车来了。
______________________________________________
6. 刘先生经常在周日的时候（on Sundays）看英语书。
______________________________________________
7. He isn’t playing games. He is studying.
______________________________________________
8. 孩子们在摘（pick）苹果。
______________________________________________
9. That son of yours is always making troubles (捣乱).
______________________________________________
10.你们正在做什么?
____________________________________________________




















能力测试卷（现在进行时态）
一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式及现在分词形式
play ________ ________
sit ________ ________
do ________ ________
stop ________ ________
put ________ ________
swim ________ ________
skate ________ ________
dance ________ ________
fly ________ ________
lie ________ ________
二、用动词的适当形式填空
1. I am __________(watch) TV now.
2. He ______ ________ (play) in the classroom now.
3. She often __________ (dance) after school.
4. My sister is ________ (fly) a kite in the park.
5. My parents(父母) ________ (swim) in the pond.
三、改错
1. I watching TV at home now. ____________________________
2. My father is plays the piano. ____________________________
3． He often flying kites on Sundays. ____________________________
4． They is reading books. _____________________________
5． She is dancing in the room. _____________________________
四、 英汉互译
1．Billy正在教室里做作业。
________________________________________
2． My mother always cleans the house on Saturdays.
_________________________________________
3. 你正在做什么？
_________________________________________
4. 他们没有踢足球，他们在打篮球。
_________________________________________
5. The bus is coming.
________________________________________






第六章 句型
一、陈述句
定义：凡是说明一件事情，提出一个看法，或是表达一种心情的句子都是陈述句。大多数的句子都是陈述句，陈述句可以用肯定式和否定式。
肯定句变否定句
肯定句变否定句就是加not no 或表示否定的词
英语的句子重要取决于动词而动词又有时态的变化因此在不同的时态的句子中的位置不同
时态
具体句型
句子构成
一般现在时
动词做谓语
主语+be (am/is / are )+not+其他+.
实意动词做谓语
主语+don’t/doesn’t +其他+.
情态动词+实意动词
主语+情态动词+not +动词原形+其他+.
现在进行时
动词做谓语
主语+be动词(am /is /are)+现在分词+其他+.























陈述句练习
把下列陈述句变成否定句。
1.My father watches TV every day .
My father _____ ____ TV every day .
2.Kate often does her homework at six .
Kate ____ often ____ her homework at six.
3.I go to school at seven .
I ___ ____ to school at seven .
4.She usually goes home by bus .
She ____ usually ____ home by bus .
5.They are good students .
They ____ ____ good students .
6.He is clever .
He ____ ____ clever .
7.He has some bread for breakfast every morning .
He ____ ____ ____ bread for breakfast every morning .
8.I often drink some tea in the afternoon .
I ___ often ____ ____ tea in the afternoon .
9.He has some eggs .
He ____ ____ ____ eggs .
10.Kim likes his new bike .
Kim ____ ____ his new bike .



二、疑问句
疑问句是用来提出问题的，疑问句又包括：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反义疑问句和选择疑问句。
一、一般疑问句：
1.一般疑问句又可以叫做yes/no句型，需要用yes或no来回答。
2.一般疑问句的基本结构：
be动词（am, is, are）+主语+表语？
have动词（表示“有”：have, has）+主语+宾语…？
情态动词（can, may, must…）+主语+行为动词（或be）?
助动词(do, does)+主语+行为动词？
助动词（shall, will, have, has…）+主语+行为动词（或be）?
3.变一般疑问句的方法：（一调，二变，三问号）
当句中有Be(am, is, are)动词的时候：
1、将Be(am, is, are)提前，放于句首（大写）；
2、将人称变换，第一人称变第二人称（I→you, we→you, my→your, our→your），第二人称变第一人称（you→I,you→we,your→my,your→our），第三人称不变（一变二，二变一，三不变）
3、在句尾加问号“？”
4、回答： 肯定： Yes , 主语+be. 否定： No, 主语+be+not.
当句中没有Be动词， 有情态动词的时候：
1、提前can, may，放于句首（大写）；
2、将人称变换，第一人称变第二人称（I→you,we→you,my→your,our→your），第二人称变第一人称（you→I,you→we,your→my,your→our），第三人称不变（一变二，二变一，三不变）
3、在句尾加问号“？”
4、回答： 肯定： Yes , 主语+can. 否定： No, 主语+can+not.
句中没有Be动词和情态动词can的时候：
1、 在句首加Do或Does，当主语是第三人称单数的时候用Does，其它都用Do
2、将人称变换，第一人称变第二人称（I→you,we→you,my→your,our→your），第二人称变第一人称（you→I,you→we,your→my,your→our），第三人称不变（一变二，二变一，三不变）
3、在句尾加问号“？”
4、回答：肯定： Yes , 主语+do/does 否定： No, 主语+do/does+not.
其它在句中要变换的词有some→any, am→are
英语里只有三种人称.
第一人称：我,我们,(I),we 【me, us】 (我),我们
第二人称：你,你们,(you),you 【you ,you】 ( 你),你们
第三人称：他，她，它(he, she, it,) 【him, her ,it 】他们they【them】还有一些人名也算第三人称,比如Kangkang, Jane.像your father(你的爸爸)这也算第三人称. 第三人称单数指他(he) 她(she) 它(it)或者单个人名,第三人称复数是都用they 他们/她们/它们
此外，不可数名词在用法上也同于第三人称单数。
二、特殊疑问句：
以疑问代词what, who(whom), whose, which 或疑问副词when, where, how, why 放在句首提问的句子叫做特殊疑问句，答语只要针对问句中的疑问代词或疑问副词来回答，不用yes 或no。
1.疑问词 + 一般疑问句 （疑问词作宾语、表语、状语或定语）。
What do you want? 你要什么？
When do you have English class? 你们什么时候有英语课？
Whose coat is this? 这是谁的大衣？
How did he know it? 他是怎么知道它的？
Why did you say this? 你为什么要这么说？
Which is your umbrella? 哪个是你的雨伞？
Where were these buses made? 这些巴士是哪儿制造的？
2.疑问代词作主语或作主语的定语时，词序与陈述句相同：疑问代词 （+名词）+谓语。
Who teaches your brother Japanese? 谁教你弟弟日语？
What is in the box on the table? 桌上那个盒子里装的是什么？
Whose handwriting is the best in your class? 你们班里谁的书法最好？
*疑问代词：who: 主语、宾语、表语、用来提问表示“人”的各种成分。
whose: 用来提问“谁的”。
which: 用来提问“哪一个/位”。
what: 提问表示“干什么”等意思
*疑问副词：when: 提问在何时。
where: 提问在何地
why: 提问表示原因的短语或句子
how: 提问表示程度或方式的副词或短语
*由疑问词how 构成的短语引导的问句
how old (表示年龄)多大了, how long（表示时间或物体的长短）有多长 , how many + 复数名词 表示多少 , how much + 不可数名词 表示多少 , how far （表示距离）多远









疑问句专项练习
按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词。
1. It’s a large room.(改为复数形式)
______ _______ large rooms.
2. He has to buy a dictionary for his daughter.(改为否定句)
He _______ _______ to buy a dictionary for his daughter.
3. Uncle Wang likes making things. (改为否定句)
Uncle Wang _______ _______ making things.
4. Ann returned the book to the library yesterday.(改写为一般疑问句)
______ Ann _______ the book to the library yesterday?.
5. The hospital is about 300 meters away. (就划线部分提问)
________ _______ is the hospital ?
6.There are fifty-two students in our class. (就划线部分提问)
_______ _______ students are there in your class?
7.I write to my mother once a week. (就划线部分提问)
______ ______ do you write to your mother ?
8.He has three pens. (就划线部分提问)
_______ _______ pens does he have ?
9.She is ten years old. (就划线部分提问)
________ _______ is she?
10. They have a class meeting every other week. (改为否定句)
They _______ _______ a class meeting every other week.
11.She has dinner with her grandparents once a week.（改为一般疑问句）
______ she _______ dinner with her grandparents once a week?
12.This kind of cold comes and goes very quickly.（改为一般疑问句）
_______ this kind of cold ______ and ______ very quickly?
13.He spent a whole morning cleaning the room.（就划线部分提问）
______ ______ ______ he ______ cleaning the room.
14. My brother has lunch at the school every day.（改为一般疑问句）
________ your brother ________ lunch at the school every day?
15.Put the book on the desk.（否定句）
______ ______ the book on the desk.
16.His bike was bought yesterday. （就划线部分提问）
_______ ______ was bought yesterday?
17.She does morning exercises every day. (否定句)
She _______ _______ morning exercises every day.
18.My mother is very well.( 就划线部分提问)
_______ is your mother?
19.She has to stay at home.(改为一般疑问句)
_______ she _______ to stay at home.
20.Tom has lunch at school every day. (改为一般疑问句)
_______ Tom ______ lunch at school every day.

三、祈使句
一、祈使句：用来表示下达命令、提出要求、建议和劝告的句子。说话的对象通常是第二人称you ,习惯上常省略。祈使句的肯定句谓语动词用原形，否定句一般用don’t, never开始。
1．肯定祈使句
句型 1 ：动词 let + 第一、三人称宾格代词 + V.
例句：Let’s go to school.
让我们去上学吧。
Let me try.
让我试一试。
Let him come upstairs.
让他上楼吧。
句型 2：动词 + 其他部分
例句：Please open the door .
请开门。
Turn to page two.
请将书翻到第二页。
Listen to me.
请听我讲。
Stop talking.
别说话。
二、否定祈使句 （一般在句首加 Don’t.）
1．Climb the tree ,please. 请爬树。 （肯定句）
Don’t climb the tree! 不要爬树。 （否定句）
2．Open the door. 打开门。 （肯定句）
Don’t open the door. 不要开门。 （否定句）
三、陈述句变祈使句
1．You can’t make faces in class. 你不能在课堂上做鬼脸。
Don’t make faces in class. 不要在课堂上做鬼脸。
2．You can’t read in bed. 你不要在床上看书。
Don’t read in bed. 不要在床上看书。


祈使句专项训练
一、 连词成句并改写成否定句。
1． on \ walk \ the \ grass
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
2. ride \ a \ here \ bike
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
二、 按要求改写下列句子
1．She likes playing basketball after school. (否定句)
_________________________________________________
2. He did his homework yesterday evening. (一般疑问句)
_________________________________________________
3.Tom wrote a letter to his mother yesterday. (否定句)
_________________________________________________
4.My mother can make kites. (一般疑问句)
_________________________________________________
5. There are some dictionaries on the desk. (否定句)
_________________________________________________











四、there be与have\has 句型
一. “There be” 句型
“There be +某 （些）人或物 + 某地（或某时）”是指“某地（时）存在某人 （或某物）”。谓语be 必须在数上和主语保持一致。如果主语中既有单数又有复数，be 的形式变化与它最近的主语相一致。
（一）结构
There be (is \ are ) +某……
1) There is + ① 可数名词单数
② 不可数名词
2）There are + 可数名词复数
（二）用法
1. 肯定句： There is \ are + _________.
2. 否定句：There is \ are + not ____________
3. 一般疑问句：Is\Are + there … ? Yes, there is \are. No, there is \ are not.
（三）There be 句型中的 be 与离它最近的名词有关。
例， There is an apple and two pears on the table.
There are two pears and an apple on the table.

二、have \has 句型
是指某人有某物 (表示所有、拥有关系)
I \ We \You \ They \ 人名（复数）\事物（复数）+ have …
He \She\ It \ 人名（单数）\ 事物（单数） + has …








句型专项练习题
一、 用“have , there be ” 的适当形式填空
1. He _________ a lot of friends.
2. _________ _________ four seasons in a year.
3. She _________ seven sons.
4. _________ _________ any milk in the cup?
5. Beijing ________ many universities.
6. We _______ a lot of work to do.
7. _________ _________ a book and two pens on the table.
8. They ______ many beautiful flowers.
9. _________ _________ three pencils and a ruler in the pencil-box.
10. My father ________ a red car.
二、 用适当的词填空
1. He often _______ up ________ six o’clock _______ the morning.
2. What’s wrong ________ your mother?
3. Mary can ________ a kite.
4. There _______ an apple and three bananas in the bag.
三、选择填空
1.There _____ two knives in the pencil – box .
A.are B.is C.be D.am
2.How many counties _____ in Europe ?
A. is it B.is there C.are they D.are there
3.Look ! There ____ some apples in that tree .
A. is B.are C.be D.am
4.There ____ some children playing on the playground .
A. is B.are C.has D.have
5.-Are there any fish in the lake now ?
-No . ____ any water in it in winter .
A. There isn’t B.There aren’t C.It isn’t D.They aren’ t
6.There ____ an apple tree near the river .
A. am B.are C.is D.be
7._____ there any good news in today’s newspaper ?
A. Are B.Is C.Have D.Has
8.There _____ a banana and ten pears in the basket .
A. are B.is C.has D.have
9.There _____ some oranges on the table .
A. are B.is C.am D.be
10.There ____ forty – sixty students in Class _____.
A. have , Three B.are , Three C.have , Third D.are , Third
11.There _____ a table with three legs in Jenny’s room .
A. is B.are C.has D.have
12.There _____ ten deer and a monkey in the photo .
A. is B.are C.be D.have

四、汉译英
5. 在教室里有二十五名男生和三十名女生。
_____________________________________________
6. 在杯里没有一些水。
_____________________________________________
7. 在你的书包里有一本故事书吗？
_____________________________________________

语法综合练习题(一)
一、 写出下列单词的复数形式
1.butterfly

7.watch

13. tomato

2.sheep

8.tooth

14. child

3.mouse

9.man

15. potato

4.deer

10.goose

16.knife

5.monkey

11.leaf

17. radio

6.box

12.story

18.dress

二、 汉译英
1.Tony的手表 ______________ 2.教师节____________________
3.同学们的教室_______________ 4.弟弟的球___________________
三、 用适当的人称代词填空
1. This is _______ (I) book, that is ___________ (she).
2. These are ___________ (they) flowers.
3. ________ (she) brother is six, but ______ (I) is seven.
4. There are many apples in __________ (you) bag.
四、 用a, an填空
1. _________ orange pencil 2. ________ old woman
3. ________baseball 4. ________ hour
五、 写出下列动词的单三及现在分词形式
1.get ________ ________ 2.read ________ ________
3.skip ________ ________ 4. listen ________ ________
5. draw ________ ________ 6. close ________ ________
六、 写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级
1.fat


4.good


2.nice


5.happy


3.long


6.old


七、 用适当介词填空
1. There are many pears _________ the tree.
2. He often plays football ________ school.
3. He goes _______ school ________ Sundays.
4. The birds are ________ the tree.
5. There are two pictures _______ the wall.
八、 用动词的适当形式填空
1. My sister often _______ her homework at home. ( do)
2. You must _______ to bed now. (go )
3. He is _________ in the room. (sing)
4. Is she ________ the window now? (clean)
5. May I ________ the door ?(open)
6. She is ________ in Room Two. (dance)
7. He often _________ up late on Sundays. (get)
8. My father usually ________ TV at night. (watch)
9. Mary can __________ books by herself. (read)
10. Sam _________ in the pool. (swim)
九、 按要求改写句子
1. This is a basketball. (改为复数句)

2. She is my mother. (就划线部分提问)

3. There is an orange and four rulers on the table. (同义句)

4. Tom plays soccer every day. (否定句)

5. Can you swim? (否定句) ___________________________

6. He is reading a book. He is in the classroom. (改写成一句话)

十、 改错。
1． He writing a letter in the room. _____________________
2． She can swims in the river. ________________________
3． He and I am good friends. _________________________
4． Her father is plays the piano. ______________________
5． There are three windows on the wall. ________________
6． The book is mine sister’s. _________________________








语法综合练习题(二)
一、用am, is ,are填空
1. This ________ an interesting book.
2. I ________ a clever boy.
3. You _______ a good teacher.
4. She _______ a policeman.
5. These ________ their books.
6. He and I ________ good friends.
二、用have, there be 的适当形式填空
1. I ________ a computer, and my brother ________ a TV.
2. ________ ________ an apple and two books on the desk.
3. ________ ________ any milk in the glass?
4. ________ ________ any sheep on the farm?
5. She doesn’t _______ a sister.
6.He ________ a red bag, but his brother doesn’t ________ one.
三、 根据要求转换句型
1.That is a red car. （变复数句子）
__________________________________________________________
2.She likes reading English books. （变否定句）
___________________________________________________________________
3. Mike has lunch at school. （变一般疑问句）
___________________________________________________________________
4. The dress is very beautiful. (变感叹句)
___________________________________________________________________
5. There are fifteen books on the desk. (划线部分提问)
___________________________________________________________________
6. You can’t make faces in class. （变祈使句）
___________________________________________________________________
7. Put the book on the floor. （变否定句）
___________________________________________________________________
8. He has a beautiful bike. （变一般疑问句）
___________________________________________________________________
9. She is a good girl. (变感叹句)
___________________________________________________________________
10. 他正在屋里唱歌。 （汉译英）
___________________________________________________________________
11. He wrote a letter yesterday. （变一般疑问句）
___________________________________________________________________
12. She often watches TV after school. （变否定句）
___________________________________________________________________
13. 他的钢笔比她的漂亮。（汉译英）
___________________________________________________________________
语法综合练习题 （三）

一、 写出下列单词的复数形式 （9分）
1.city

4. key

7. mouse

2.bus

5. English

8. sheep

3.tomato

6. brush

9. knife

二、 写出下列单词的单数形式 （9分）
1.children

4.butterflies

7.men

2. leaves

5. potatoes

8.feet

3.babies

6.glasses

9.monkeys

三、写出下列动词的单数第三人称、过去式和现在分词形式 （10分）
动词
单数第三人称
现在分词
1. go


2. write


3.do


4.leave


5.buy


6.stop


7.have


8.swim


9.sing


10.know


四、写出下列短语 （10分）
1．回家

6．在家

2．进来

7．去上学

3．做作业

8．放风筝

4．步行

9．准时

5．起床

10．及时

五、用适当的介词填空（10分）
1. What’s wrong __________ your father?
2. Look! There are many birds ________ the tree.
3. Which is the best sport ___________ summer?
4.Do you know where she comes __________________?
5. How many people are there ________ your family?
6. Don’t read ________ the sun.
7. It’s time ________ lunch.
8. It’s time _________ go to school.
9. I often get up ________ six ________ the morning .
七、选择填空 （10分）
( ) 1. ________ book on the desk is ________ useful one.
A. The , an B. A , a C. The, a
( ) 2. “Where is Mike ?” “I think he is in __________.”
A. Second room B. Room Two C. room second
( ) 3. Who runs __________ in your class?
A. fast B. faster C. fastest
( ) 4.Does he speak English __________ his brother?
A. as good as B. as well as C. best than
( ) 5. He _________ at 6:30 every morning. Or LU
A. often get up B. often gets up C. gets up often
( ) 6. Who is running ______,Lily or Lucy?
A. very slowly B. more slowly C. most slowly
( ) 7. _______ exciting the TV play is !
A. How B. What C. How an D. What an
( ) 8. “Oh, dear! ________ expensive it is!”
A. How B. What C. How a D. What a
( ) 9. There _______ a film next week.
A. will have B. is going to have C. is going to be
( ) 10. ________ he playing football now?
A. am B. Is C. Dose D. Are
八、用动词的适当形式填空。（10分）
1. He is ________ (read) a book now.
2. My sister often _________ (go ) to school at 7: 00.
3. Mary can _________ (ride) a bike.
4. Did you _________ (swim) in a pool yesterday?
5. She _________ (sing) now.
6. What _______ you _______ (do) next Saturday?
7. Tom ___________ (not do ) his homework yesterday.
8. Look. She _______________ (dance) over there.
9. In China, spring___________ (begin) in February.
10. May I __________ (ride ) the bike?
九、改错 （5分）
1. There are some monkeies in the zoo. ____________________
2. The book is my. __________________
3. This is hers ruler. That is mine. __________________
4. She don’t like reading English. _______________
5. Mary have a blue skirt. _________________________
十、句型转换 （15分）
1. Mary often watches TV after school. (否定句)

2. He wrote a letter yesterday evening. ( 一般疑问句)

3. “What is he doing?”
“ He ______________ (fly ) a kite.”
4. Tom has four bikes. (划线部分提问)

5. My father is very well. (划线部分提问)

6. There are some apples in the bag. (否定句)