新人教版选修8高考英语一轮复习Unit4Pygmalion课件+学案+训练

Unit 4 单元主题语篇训练

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

The work of Rosenthal and Jacobson shows that teachers' expectations influence students' performance. Positive expectations influence performance positively, and negative expectations influence performance negatively. Rosenthal and Jacobson originally described the phenomenon as the Pygmalion effect. Rosenthal wrote in 1985, “When we expect certain behaviors of others, we are likely to act in ways that make the expected behavior more likely to occur.”

The original research of Rosenthal and Jacobson focused on an experiment at an elementary school where students took intelligence pre­tests. Rosenthal and Jacobson then informed the teachers of the names of 20% of the students in the school who were showing “unusual potential for intellectual growth” and would have excellent academic performance within the year. Unknown to the teachers, these students were selected randomly (随意地) with no relation to the pre­test.

When Rosenthal and Jacobson tested the students eight months later, they discovered that the randomly selected students who the teachers thought would perform excellently scored much higher. Why does the Pygmalion effect occur? If the teacher thinks the students can't achieve very much, or are not bright enough, he/she may tend to teach simple stuff, do lots of drills, read from his/her notes, and give simple assignments calling for simplistic answers, according to scientists.

Therefore, there are some practical tips for teachers: Never forecast failure in the classroom. If you know a test is particularly difficult, tell your students that the test is difficult but you are sure that they will do well if they work hard to prepare for it. Do not participate in gripe (发牢骚) sessions about students. Teachers who gripe about students are establishing a culture of failure for their students, their department and their own teaching. Establish high expectations. Students achieve more when teachers have higher expectations. When you give students a difficult assignment, tell them, “I know you can do this.” If you genuinely believe that your students cannot perform the assignment, put off the assignment and re­teach the material.

语篇解读：美国著名心理学家罗森塔尔和雅格布森提出了皮格马利翁效应，指出热切的期望与赞美能够产生奇迹。这一效应对教学会产生怎样的影响呢？

1．How did Rosenthal and Jacobson conduct their experiment?

A．They trained the selected students before experimenting.

B．They selected the students without referring to the test results.

C．They gave pre­tests in order to divide students into different groups.

D．They selected students according to the students' academic performance.

解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，这些“有潜力的”学生是他们随意挑选的，同前期测试的结果毫无关系。

2．How do the teachers teach less potential students according to the scientists?

A．They praise them all the time.

B．They spare no efforts to help them.

C．They are likely to give them easy homework.

D．They ask them to practice more to catch up with others.

解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，老师对于基础薄弱的学生会倾向于给他们教授简单的知识，布置简单的任务。

3．What is the best title of this passage?

A．No Pains, No Gains

B．Testing Matters in Education

C．How to Be a Qualified Teacher

D．The Higher Expectations, the Better Achievements

解析：选D　标题归纳题。根据第一段的内容尤其是第二句可知，热切的期望与赞美能够产生奇迹。根据全文大意，本文标题可归纳概括为“更高的期望可产生更好的结果”。

B

Hospitals in Southwest China's Sichuan province for the first time used 5G technology for disaster medical rescue, after a magnitude 6.0 earthquake hit Changning county on 17 June, 2019. This is the world's first case of applying 5G technology to disaster medical rescue.

According to the official Weibo account of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, at 1：25 pm on 18 June, an ambulance equipped with a 5G emergency rescue system — the first of its kind in the country — carrying a medical team from Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital and engineers from China Mobile Sichuan Company and China Mobile (Chengdu) Industrial Research Institute assisting in the joint rescue efforts arrived at Changning County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). At around 9：30 pm, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital launched a 5G real­time remote video consultation with its medical team on a patient admitted to Changning County Hospital of TCM for a suspected spleen rupture (脾脏破裂)．

According to Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, the 5G emergency rescue system, which puts artificial intelligence (AI), augmented reality (增强现实), virtual reality and drone (无人机) applications together, allows a series of medical checks including blood tests, electrocardiograms and ultrasounds (心电图和超声波) to be given to patients right away. The information can then be transferred back to the hospital in real time, which greatly saves time in rescuing patients.

The rescue system also helped a 72­year­old patient who had his bone broken in the earthquake. According to a report from Chinanews.com, a temporary ward supported by 5G technology was established at the epicenter of the disaster zone for consultation with doctors from Chengdu, as the aged patient had a previous history of high blood pressure and cerebral infarction (脑梗塞), which made him need more careful treatment.

“The 5G­based network thoroughly solved the problems of poor definition and distortion (失真) of images, as well as interrupted signal transmission，” said Li Wei, director of the emergency center of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。2019年6月17日，四川长宁县发生地震，四川省人民医院在全球范围内首次将5G技术用于灾难医学救援。

4．Who did the disaster medical rescue with 5G technology?

A．Doctors and engineers.

B．Firefighters and soldiers.

C．Earthquake professionals.

D．5G rescue system's inventors.

解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“an ambulance equipped with a 5G ... carrying a medical team from Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital and engineers from China Mobile Sichuan Company and China Mobile (Chengdu) Industrial Research Institute ...”可知，用5G技术进行灾难救援的有四川省人民医院的医疗队以及中国移动四川公司和中国移动(成都)产业研究院的工程院。

5．What is the advantage of the 5G emergency rescue system?

A．Spending less time in rescuing patients.

B．Treating all patients without any doctors.

C．Using an advanced technology.

D．Promoting the accuracy of medical diagnosis.

解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The information can then be transferred back to the hospital in real time, which greatly saves time in rescuing patients.”可知，5G应急救援系统能够大大节省营救病人的时间。

6．Why did the aged patient need more careful treatment?

A．He was too old to be cured.

B．He had diseases of old age.

C．He had the worst injury to his legs.

D．He didn't follow doctors' advice.

解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“as the aged patient had a previous history of high blood pressure and cerebral infarction (脑梗塞), which made him need more careful treatment”可知，这位年老的病人有一些老年病，需要更仔细的诊治。

7．What is the text talking about?

A．A deadly earthquake in China.

B．5G technology first used in disaster medical rescue.

C．Ways of applying 5G technology to medicine.

D．The first 5G emergency rescue system.

解析：选B　主旨大意题。根据文章第一段，再结合后文内容可知，2019年6月17日，四川长宁县发生地震，5G技术在全球范围内被首次用于灾难医学救援。

Ⅱ.短文改错

Our school sports meeting finally came to end last Friday. Tiring but cheerful, we made it a success. I can say it's the best one I have ever been taken part in. The opening ceremony was a feast for the eyes. To begin with, the headmaster makes a speech. Then came various performance, including singing, dancing and kung fu. Besides, some students dressed up as dolls, and that they wanted to show was confident and talent. When the teachers' shows began, the audience went crazily. As a class photographer, I took pictures of such many brilliant moments, which, with doubt, meant a lot to all of us.

答案：第一句：end前加an

第二句：Tiring→Tired

第三句：去掉been

第五句：makes→made

第六句：performance→performances

第七句：that→what; confident→confidence

第八句：crazily→crazy

第九句：such→so; with→without/no

Ⅲ.书面表达

人工智能与5G时代已悄然来临，随着科技越来越与人类生活相结合，随处可见的人工智能，让生活越来越便利的同时也带来许多的困惑，按要求完成一篇作文。内容包括：

1．描述或畅想未来人工智能的发展状况；

2．分析这种现象产生的原因；

3．陈述利弊以及表明个人态度。

注意：1.词数100左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考范文：

As we all know , the time of 5G technology is coming, it is called the fourth industrial revolution , future of computer science lies in the artificial intelligence，it is the research and artificial simulation of human thought and eventually be able to make a human like to think the same machine , for human services and to help people solve problems.

After all, people thought it was unique, there are feelings, there are a variety of character, this will be very difficult to achieve in the machine.In fact, to do the same as the human thinking machine, the only one of the artificial intelligence, is by no means all. Through the study of artificial intelligence, it can resolve all kinds of scientific problems, promote the development of other science will have a great impact on all people's lives .

I believe that the science of artificial intelligence is waiting for humanity to explore it step by step.