福建省莆田第一中学2020-2021学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题

这是一份福建省莆田第一中学2020-2021学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题，共25页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，其他应用文，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。
福建省莆田第一中学2020-2021学年高二上学期期末考试
英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
The Adventures of Amilya Rose: The Lie
By Chavonne D．Stewart, Jasmine Mills, published in 2014
Enter for a chance to win a copy of the book.It is the first book in a surprising series of children’s books. That’s fun and exciting and teaches kids valuable lessons.
Chester and Gus
By Cammie McGoven, published in 2017
Chester has always wanted to become a service dog. When he fails his certification test, though, it seems that dream might never come true－until a family adopts him to be a companion for their ten-year-old son, Gus. But Gus acts so differently from anyone Chester has ever met. He never wants to pet Chester. Chester’s not sure how to help Gus, but he’s determined to figure it out and show he’s the right dog for the job.
Invisible Emmie
By Terri Libenson, published in 2017
The novel tells the story of two totally different little girls in a class — quiet, shy and artistic Emmie and popular, outgoing, athletic Katie — and how their lives unexpectedly connected one day, when an embarrassing note falls into the wrong hands. Emmie eventually learns to speak up for herself, realizing that being social isn’t as impossible as she thought.
Ocean Meets Sky
By Terry Fan, Eric Fan, published in 2018
“Young readers will be attracted.”— The Washington Post.
Finn lives by the sea and the sea lives by him. Every time he looks out of his window, it’s a constant reminder of the stories that his grandfather told him about the place where the ocean meets the sky. Finn’s grandfather has gone but Finn knows the perfect way to honor him. He’ll build his own ship and sail out to find this magical place himself! And when he arrives, maybe he’ll find something he didn’t know he was looking for.
1．What can we know about The Adventures of Amilya Rose: The Lie?
A．It’s the first children’s book in 2015.
B．It’s only for children’s fun.
C．It may be gained for free.
D．It’s mainly about teachers’ lessons.
2．Which book is related to the loss of loved ones?
A．The Adventures of Amilya Rose: The Lie B．Ocean Meets Sky
C．Invisible Emmie D．Chester and Gus
3．Who wrote the story about the relationship between classmates?
A．Chavonne D．Stewart and Jasmine Mills B．Cammie McGovern
C．Terry Fan and Eric Fan D．Terri Libenon

There’s this boy in my band, Spanish and math class. His name was Nathan. I never really liked him since he was a slowpoke. He didn’t have any friends at all. He always sat alone at the lunch table with his phone listening to music. People just walked past him without caring. And in class whenever he was asked a question, he would take a long time to answer it. The whole class would get annoyed and whenever he got an answer wrong, the whole class would laugh. I didn’t know why but I didn’t care enough to know.
On Nov. 17, I walked into band class and was ready to play my flute. Mr. Kohler began the class. We played music for a little while then he asked us to tune our instruments. I saw Nathan, he was just walking around like usual looking for something. There is nothing surprising about that, he does that in every class. He doesn’t just sit the whole class period, he walks around looking for Kleenex or a new reed for his instrument. He plays clarinet 单簧管) by the way.
So then Mr Kohler asked the class to tell what note it was just by hearing the pitch (音高).Nobody raised their hand except for Nathan. The moment I saw him, I laughed but not out loud. I thought he couldn’t do anything properly. How could he possibly guess the note when the pitch is played? But he could. He guessed every pitch right, even when Mr. Kohler played 2 and 3 pitches at the same time.
At that moment I got goosebumps. How did he do that? That day I realized that I shouldn’t judge people based on the little things I see. I need to see the great things people can do.
From that day on I had a different opinion on Nathan. I forgot about all the things he was bad at and focused on the things he was good at. Whenever I saw him, I just said to myself, “that’s the guy who impressed me. That’s the guy who is musically talented.”
4．What was the author’s impression of Nathan at first?
A．He was talented in music.
B．He was good at amusing others.
C．He was slow in learning.
D．He was a hardworking student.
5．What does Nathan usually do in class?
A．He does what he likes freely.
B．He walks out of the room frequently.
C．He sits in his place silently.
D．He listens to music from his phone.
6．What is the probable meaning of the underlined part in paragraph 4?
A．I was pleased. B．I was cheated.
C．I was shocked. D．I was annoyed.
7．What lesson might the author get from his experience?
A．Never judge people by their looks.
B．Lazy folks are lucky to be lazy.
C．Talent is not easy to be found.
D．Everyone has his advantage.

Breakdancing is set to make its debut (首次亮相) as an Olympic sport at Paris 2024, Tony Estanguet, head of the Paris organizing committee, said on February 21st. Skateboarding, sport climbing and surfing, which have already been added to the programme for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, have been invited to return in Paris four years later.
Tony Estanguet said the choices responded to a need to make the Olympics "more urban" and "more artistic". We have chosen to present the International Olympic Committee (IOC) with the four sports because they are creative, appealing to youth and completely in line with our vision. They reflect perfectly Paris 2024's identity.
Breakdancing is an example of a sport "which can be played anywhere and anytime in urban and other environment." It appeared at the 2018 Youth Olympics in Buenos Aires in the form of head-to-head "battles". In competitive breakdancing, "breakers" face off in "battles" against each other, either as individuals or teams. Breakdancers use a mix of physical and artistic skills combining elements from gymnastics or acrobatics (杂技).
The IOC had announced that the number of competitors at Paris 2024 would be restricted to 10, 500, which limited the opportunity to add sports. But the organizers said the inclusion of the four sports in Paris would not necessitate the construction of permanent facilities and would involve just 248 competitors, of which 32 would be in breakdancing. The surfing events are likely to be held in established surf centres such as Biarritz or Lacanau in southwest France.
The inclusion still need to be rubberstamped by the IOC, which is expected to decide on which sports to add in Paris after next years' Tokyo Games.
8．What do we know about breakdancing?
A．It's limited to group competition.
B．It involves multiple skills.
C．It will show up in Paris 2024.
D．It never appeared in the world events.
9．Paris organizers have chosen the four sports because they _______.
A．attract young people
B．perfectly reflect Paris’ inentity.
C．make Paris more urban and artistic.
D．can be played anytime and anywhere.
10．Which of the following is the closest in the meaning to the underlined word “rubberstamped?”
A．approved B．canceled
C．designed D．submitted
11．What can we learn from paragraph 4？
A．10,500 competitors will compete for the new sports.
B．More surf centers will be specially designed for Paris 2024.
C．The inclusion won’t require additional competition space to be built.
D．The IOC will reject the proposal because inadequate facilities.

The cancer death rate in the U.S. fell by the most on record as advances in treatments for lung tumors （肿瘤） like video-assisted surgery helped prolong the lives of patients.
The death rate from cancer has been gradually declining for 26 years, thanks in large part to fewer people smoking cigarettes. But from 2016 to 2017, the most recent period available, it dropped by 2.2%, the most ever in a single year, according to a report released Wednesday by the American Cancer Society. That compares with an average 1.5% yearly decline over the decade. The drop translates to roughly 2.9 million fewer cancer deaths than would have occurred had death rates remained at their peak. For lung cancer specifically, the death rate declined 4.3% annually from 2013 to 2017.
"It is really lung cancer that is driving this," said Rebecca Siegel, scientific director of surveillance research at the American Cancer Society, and lead author on the new study. "We found increases in survival for lung cancer at every stage in diagnosis.”, She attributed the lower deaths to improvements in treatments, including video-assisted surgery that enables more patients with early lung tumors to become eligible for operations; more precise radiation treatment; and better scanning technology that allows doctors to better assess the stage of tumor, so the patient gets the best treatment right away. At later stages of illness, new, targeted drugs that aim at specific disease-causing genes are helping patients whose tumors have those genetic flaws （缺陷）.Overall, lung cancer death rates have dropped by 51% for men since their peak in 1990, and by 26% for women since their peak in 2002.
There's the potential for more progress in future reports. That's because the latest death-rate statistics go only through 2017, and likely don't include the potential impact in lung cancer death from immune-therapy drugs. They became widely used in lung cancer only in the past few years.
The report, based on U.S. government data, isn't all good news. Prostate （前列腺）cancer death rates have leveled off recently after a period of decline. That may be because many doctors pulled back on using the controversial prostate-specific antigen test, or PSA, which can spot the disease but can lead to over-treatment of men who may never have died from their tumors.
"Though it was definitely causing harm, it was also contributing to declines in death," Siegel said. What's needed now is better screening tests to detect only the prostate cancers that will go on to cause harm.
Population death rates are considered one of the most reliable ways of measuring progress in cancer treatment and prevention. By contrast, cancer survival rates can sometimes be influenced by improvements in diagnosing tiny, early stage tumors that wouldn't necessarily be deadly.
12．According to paragraph 2, ______.
A．cancer death rate reached its peak in 2017
B．death rate decreases over the past 2 decades
C．2.9 million people die of cancer in America every year
D．most of the cancer patients in America suffer from lung cancer
13．We can learn from the passage that ______.
A．female death rate of lung cancer drops more than that of male
B．targeted drugs have led to rapid increase in cancer death rates
C．better scanning technology will lead to improvement in treating genetic flaws
D．improper use of prostate-specific antigen test can lead to over-treatment of men
14．The underlined expression "level off” in paragraph 5 means ______.
A．remain unchanged B．show up
C．take off D．become sharp
15．What might be the best title of the passage?
A．Medical Progress Prolonging Patients’ Lives
B．Cancer Death Rates Dropping at the Fastest Pace
C．Significant Improvement in Treating Lung Cancer
D．Advanced Technologies Applied in Cancer Treatment

二、七选五
You run into the grocery store to pick up one bottle of water. You get what you need, head to the front, and choose the line that looks fastest.
You chose wrong. People who you swear got in other lines long after you are already checked out and off to the parking lot. ___16___
It turns out, it's just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster.
Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay. ___17___Any small interruption - a price check, a chatty customer-can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line.
If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. Think about the probability:____18____So it's not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster.
Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem. Make all customers stand in one long, snaking line- called a serpentine line - and serve each person at the front with the next available register. ___19___This is what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down everyone a little bit but speed up checkout overall.
____20____It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can't afford the space or manpower. So wherever your next wait may be: Good luck.
A．Why does this always seem to happen to you?
B．So why don't most places encourage serpentine lines?
C．Some of the may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.
D．The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.
E．How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line?
F．With three registers, this method is much faster than the traditional approach.
G．But sometimes, as on a Sunday afternoon, the system gets particularly busy.

三、完形填空
I grew up in a small town and the main entertainment was Friday night high school football. It was just a sleepy little town where parents wanted to raise their children away from crime and danger of a big city, and where teenagers like me ___21___leaving to find something bigger and better.
All that ___22___one summer night. My friend Lisa, Kim and Tyler held a party for my eighteenth birthday at Lisa’s house. As they kept ___23___alcohol to me, I was pretty drunk. I asked Tyler to take me home. With some ___24___, we made it out to his car and drove home. News came next morning. Kim, my friend ___25___we were five years old, was killed in a car accident. That night after Tyler and I left, Kim, who was clearly more drunk than me, got into her car and ___26___towards the highway to go home. She was driving on the wrong side of the road and never saw the truck coming. The driver didn’t see her ___27___to avoid the car. They hit head on. Kim died immediately, and the driver was thrown ___28___the truck windshield (挡风玻璃) and died a week later.
Whenever I look back on that day, I can’t help thinking that it was my ___29___to drink so much that night, otherwise things would be different. I know Kim made the choice to drink and drive that night, but a part of me will always feel ____30____for what happened.
I may not change the world with my story, but I do hope that I can make people ____31____the responsibility that they have to themselves and others by ____32____it. Don’t ever think that your choices are yours ____33____. Every choice is like a stone dropped into ____34____water—each ripple (波纹) represents someone who your choice ____35____. That’s quite an influence, isn’t it?
21．A．succeeded in B．dreamed of C．applied for D．approved of
22．A．happened B．continued C．changed D．remained
23．A．sending B．delivering C．taking D．handing
24．A．pleasure B．difficulty C．hope D．method
25．A．before B．until C．when D．since
26．A．headed B．walked C．pushed D．fled
27．A．in trouble B．in time C．in danger D．in place
28．A．above B．below C．into D．through
29．A．desire B．fault C．right D．chance
30．A．responsible B．disappointed C．embarrassed D．sensitive
31．A．explain B．escape C．limit D．realize
32．A．remembering B．sharing C．declaring D．stopping
33．A．alone B．finally C．apart D．perhaps
34．A．clean B．deep C．still D．fresh
35．A．affects B．inspires C．attracts D．benefits

四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
When boiling rock erupts from a volcano and crashes back to earth, it causes less damage than you might imagine. This is ___36___ no one lives near the top of Mount Kilauea, where the ___37___(rock) fall. The lava that flows slowly like a wave down the mountain causes far more damage because it buries everything in its path under the molten rock. However, the eruption itself is really exciting ____38____(watch) and I shall never forget my first sight of one. It was in the ____39____(two)week after I arrived in Hawaii. ___40___(work)hard all day, I went to bed early. I was fast asleep when suddenly my bed began shaking and I heard a strange sound, like a railway train passing my window. Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn't take much notice. I was about to go back to sleep ____41____ suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day. I ran out of the house into the back garden ____42____ I could see Mount Kilauea in ___43___distance. There had been an eruption from the side of the mountain and red hot lava ___44___ (fountain) hundreds of metres into the air. It was an ___45___ (absolute)fantastic sight.
五、其他应用文
46．假定你是李华，正在美国做交换生，你在当地一家商店买了一把水壶，但是水壶有漏水现象。请你给商店经理Mr. Howard写一封信，内容包括：
1、购买情况；
2、水壶问题；（参考词汇：leak v. 渗漏，漏出）
3、表达诉求。
注意：1、词数80左右；
2、可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Mr. Howard,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,
Li Hua

六、读后续写
47．阅读下面短文,根据所给情节进行续写,使之构成一个完整的故事。
注意:1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右;
2.续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好.
I could smell the turkey cooking, even in the attic where I was hiding out. I heard a laugh, too, and a bang from something being dropped. Our house was noisier since my new stepsister and step-mother moved in — Jen and Mom.
I called her Mom, but the word felt uncomfortable, like a pair of shoes that pinched (夹脚). I didn’t remember my own mother; she had died in an accident when I was a baby. It had always been just Dad and me. We were a team. Now, so much had changed, and sometimes I wished I had the magic to change it back.
I heard Dad’s footsteps upstairs. “Do you want to take Jen skating?” he asked.
“I guess.” I sighed, thinking about how Dad and I usually spent Thanksgiving Day building a big snowman. But this year, Dad was too busy helping Mom cook the turkey.
“Thanks,” Dad said and put his arm around my shoulders. “We’ll make that snowman later,” he promised.
“Yeah,” I agreed, not too sure we’d have time.
Mom handed us some homemade cookies with smiling faces as we grabbed our skates. I had to admit, Mom came up with good ideas sometimes. Even though I liked that, I still couldn’t help but feel as if she were changing everything.
“No, thanks. I’m not hungry,” I said, although I was, a little.
“Ready?” I asked Jen. She nodded, and we headed out of the front door.
The snow crunched(嘎吱作响) under our boots as we walked down the street. The silence was awkward. “Did you go skating a lot last year?” I asked, blurting（脱口而出）out the first thing that came to my mind.
Jen shook her head and looked at me. Finally she said, “On Thanksgiving, Mom and I always went to visit some friends on a farm. I especially loved seeing their big turkeys.”
Until then, I’d never even thought about how Jen must be feeling. She not only had a new stepfather and stepbrother; she had a new town and home, too. Jen and her mom used to live near a lake, and she’d had to move up north with us. She’d had more changes than me.

Paragraph 1:
Suddenly, I didn’t feel quite so sorry for myself.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph 2:
We were so busy making it that we didn’t hear our parents come outside.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________






参考答案：
1．C
2．B
3．D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本书。
1．
推理判断题。根据The Adventures of Amilya Rose: The Lie部分“Enter for a chance to win a copy of the book.”（参加一个赢取这本书的机会）可推知The Adventures of Amilya Rose: The Lie这本书有可能免费获得。故选C。
2．
细节理解题。根据Ocean Meets Sky部分“Finn’s grandfather has gone but Finn knows the perfect way to honor him.”（Finn的祖父已经去世了，但Finn知道纪念他的最佳方式）可知Ocean Meets Sky这本书是关于失去亲人的。故选B。
3．
细节理解题。根据Invisible Emmie部分“The novel tells the story of two totally different little girls in a class — quiet, shy and artistic Emmie and popular, outgoing, athletic Katie — and how their lives unexpectedly connected one day, when an embarrassing note falls into the wrong hands. Emmie eventually learns to speak up for herself, realizing that being social isn’t as impossible as she thought.”（小说讲述了两个完全不同的小女孩在一个班里的故事——安静、害羞、有艺术天赋的Emmie和受欢迎、外向、有运动天赋的Katie——她们的生活如何在某一天意外地联系在一起，当一张令人尴尬的纸条落入了错误的人手中。Emmie最终学会了为自己说话，意识到社交并不像她想的那样不可能）可知这个故事是写同学关系的。再根据By Terri Libenson, published in 2017可知作者是Terri Libenon。故选D。
4．C
5．A
6．C
7．D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者通过Nathan知道了每个人都有自身的优点，不要通过看到的小事情来评判别人的道理。
4．
细节理解题。由文章第一段“I never really liked him since he was a slowpoke.（因为他是个慢性子，我就从来没有真正喜欢过他）”以及“And in class whenever he was asked a question, he would take a long time to answer it.（在课堂上，每当被问问题，他都会花很长时间来回答）”可知，一开始作者对Nathan的印象是他学东西很慢。故选C项。
5．
推理判断题。由文章第二段“I saw Nathan, he was just walking around like usual looking for something. There is nothing surprising about that, he does that in every class.（我看到Nathan了，他像往常一样走来走去找东西。这没什么好奇怪的，他每节课都这么做）”以及“He doesn’t just sit the whole class period, he walks around looking for Kleenex or a new reed for his instrument.（他不是整节课都坐着，他到处找纸巾或者乐器的新簧片）”可知Nathan在课堂上是很随意很无拘束的，做着一些自己喜欢的事情。故选A项。
6．
词句猜测题。由文章第四段“How did he do that? That day I realized that I shouldn’t judge people based on the little things I see.（他是怎么做到的？那天，我意识到我不应该根据我看到的小事情来评判别人）”可知，Nathan的表现与上文形成巨大反差，让作者刮目相看，说明作者应是感到惊讶。故选C项。
7．
推理判断题。由文章第四段“That day I realized that I shouldn’t judge people based on the little things I see. I need to see the great things people can do.（那天，我意识到我不应该根据我看到的小事情来评判别人）”以及最后一段“that’s the guy who impressed me. That’s the guy who is musically talented.（那就是给我留下深刻印象的人。他是有音乐天赋的人）”可知，作者得到的道理应是每个人都有自身的优点或天赋，不要通过看到的小事情来评判别人。故选D项。
8．B
9．A
10．A
11．C
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。2月21日，巴黎奥组委主席托尼·埃斯坦盖表示，霹雳舞将在2024年巴黎奥运会上首次作为奥运会项目出现。文章对此进行了报道。
8．
细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Breakdancers use a mix of physical and artistic skills combining elements from gymnastics or acrobatics (杂技).”（霹雳舞结合了身体和艺术技巧，并结合了体操或杂技的元素。）可知，它涉及多种技能。故选B。
9．
细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“We have chosen to present the International Olympic Committee (IOC) with the four sports because they are creative, appealing to youth and completely in line with our vision.”（我们选择将这四项运动提交给国际奥委会(IOC)，是因为它们富有创造性，对年轻人具有吸引力，并且完全符合我们的愿景。）可知，巴黎的组织者选择这四项运动是因为它们能吸引年轻人。故选A。
10．
词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“which is expected to decide on which sports to add in Paris after next years' Tokyo Games”（它将决定明年东京奥运会后巴黎奥运会增加哪些项目）可知，IOC是决定明年东京奥运会后巴黎奥运会增加哪些项目的，所以这次列入名单还需要国际奥委会盖章通过。所以rubberstamped的意思是“批准，通过”。故选A。
11．
细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“But the organizers said the inclusion of the four sports in Paris would not necessitate the construction of permanent facilities and would involve just 248 competitors, of which 32 would be in breakdancing. ”（但主办方表示，巴黎奥运会纳入这四项体育项目并不需要建造永久性设施，仅需248名选手参加，其中32名将参加霹雳舞比赛。）可知，这个项目不需要额外的比赛空间。故选C。
12．B
13．D
14．A
15．B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。近年来美国癌症死亡率以最快的速度下降，文章主要分析了其原因。
12．
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The death rate from cancer has been gradually declining for 26 years, thanks in large part to fewer people smoking cigarettes.”可知，癌症死亡率在26年连续下降，大部分是由于更少的人吸烟。所以B项“在过去的20年死亡率下降”表述正确。故选B项。
13．
细节理解题。根据第五段最后两句“…using the controversial prostate-specific antigen test, or PSA, which can spot the disease but can lead to over-treatment of men who may never have died from their tumors.”可知，使用有争议的前列腺特异抗原测试可以发现疾病，但是会导致男性的过度治疗。故选D项。
14．
词句猜测题。根据第五段内容“That may be because many doctors pulled back on using the controversial prostate-specific antigen test, or PSA, which can spot the disease but can lead to over-treatment of men who may never have died from their tumors.”可知，很多医生放弃使用有争议的前列腺特异抗原测试，它可以发现疾病但是可能导致对可能永远不会死于肿瘤的男性的过度治疗。由此可推知，放弃使用能发现疾病的测试会导致死亡率不再下降，所以“Prostate （前列腺）cancer death rates have leveled off recently after a period of decline.”的意思是“前列腺癌死亡率在一段时间的下降后最近保持平稳”，“leveled off”意为“保持不变”。故选A项。
15．
主旨大意题。第一段“The cancer death rate in the U.S. fell by the most on record…(美国癌症死亡率有史以来降幅最大……)”是文章的主题句，结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了美国死亡率近年来下降最快并分析了其原因。所以短文的最佳标题为“癌症死亡率以最快的速度下降”。故选B项。
16．A
17．G
18．D
19．F
20．B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是说明文。文章说明了杂货店排队方式以及研究人员提出的蛇形队伍的新方式，并分析了各自的利弊。
16．
下文“It turns out, it's just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster. （原来，这只是你的数学问题；很可能，另一个队伍真的更快。）”解释了上文“You chose wrong.(你选错了)”的原因，下文与空格处是因果关系，所以本空应该是对前文选错提出疑惑，故选A项。
17．
上文“Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay.（杂货店尽量让足够的员工在结账时让所有的顾客以最小的延误完成结账。）”解释了杂货店之前的工作模式，下文“Any small interruption a price check, a chatty customer -can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line.（任何一个小小的中断，一个价格检查，一个喋喋不休的顾客，都会产生下游效应，拖住整个生产线。）”描述了杂货店的特殊情况，故本空应该填出现特殊情况的原因，故选G项。
18．
根据上文“If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. （如果杂货店中有三列队伍，延迟将在不同的队伍中随机发生。）”联系下文“So it's not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster.（所以这不仅仅是在你的脑海里：另一条队伍可能移动得更快。）”可知本空说的是任何一个队伍都有可能出现问题。你的队伍跑得最快的几率只有三分之一。故选D项。
19．
根据“上文Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem.(我们得知研究人员有一个很好的方法来处理这个问题)”以及下文“This is what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down everyone little bit but speed up checkout overall.（这个大多数银行和快餐店都是这样做的。有了一条蜿蜒的队伍，在一个登记处长时间拖延不会不公平地惩罚后面排队的人。相反，它会减慢每个人一点点，但加快了整体结帐速度。）”说明这个新方案迅速有效，联系上下文可知，空格中应该是与旧的结账方案作比较。故选F项。
20．
结合下文“It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can't afford the space or manpower.（要保持一条生产线的快速运转，需要很多的收银机，而且有些商店负担不起空间和人力。）”说明了一个原因，由此可知，空格处提出了一个问题；通过“It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly.(保持一条生产线的快速运转)”可知这里描述的是不鼓励蛇形队伍的原因。故选B项。
21．B
22．C
23．D
24．B
25．D
26．A
27．B
28．D
29．B
30．A
31．D
32．B
33．A
34．C
35．A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，作者朋友酒后驾车，导致自己的生命和一个无辜的人永远离开了这个世界；所以，我们不仅要为自己也要为别人负责。
21．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：那只是一个沉睡的小镇，父母想远离犯罪和大城市的危险，抚养孩子，像我这样的青少年梦想着离开这里去寻找更多更好的东西。A. succeeded in成功；B. dreamed of梦想；C. applied for申请；D. approved of同意。由上文的“I grew up in a small town and the main entertainment was Friday night high school football.”和“It was just a sleepy little town”可知，作者居住的是一个沉睡的小镇，没什么娱乐活动，结合常识可知，孩子们充满好奇心、探索心和求知欲，所以会梦想着离开小城镇去寻找更多更好的东西。故选B项。
22．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个夏夜，一切都变了。A. happened发生；B. continued继续；C. changed改变；D. remained保持。由下文语境可知，所有的改变都是在一个夏天发生的，下文要讲述的故事改变了作者的一生。故选C项。
23．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他们不停地给我递酒的时候，我醉得很厉害。A. sending送达；B. delivering传送；C. taking拿；D. handing递（有主动送到的意思）。由上文的“My friend Lisa, Kim and Tyler held a party for my eighteenth birthday at Lisa’s house.”和下文的“I was pretty drunk”可知，朋友们为作者18岁生日举办了一个聚会，聚会上朋友们主动地递酒给作者喝。故选D项。
24．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：经历了一番困难，我们到了他的车旁，开车回家。A. pleasure快乐；B. difficulty困难；C. hope希望；D. method方法。由上文的“I was pretty drunk”可知，作者醉得很厉害，结合常识可知，醉汉是很难行动的，喝了酒当然出门要费事一点，可得出作者他们是经历了一番困难才出门的。故选B项。
25．
考查连词词义辨析。句意：金姆，自从五岁起我们就是朋友了，在车祸中丧生。A. before之前；B. until直到；C. when当……时；D. since自从……。由本处语境可知，“we were five years old”指的是一个时间点，此处指从他们五岁起就是朋友了。故选D项。
26．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在泰勒和我离开后的那个晚上，金姆，显然比我喝多了，上了她的车，朝着高速公路开车回家。A. headed朝着……去，有一个方向性；B. walked走；C. pushed推；D. fled逃。由下文的“towards the highway to go home”可知，金姆开着车朝着公路回家。故选A项。
27．
考查介词短语辨析。句意：司机没有及时看见她以避开那辆车。A. in trouble麻烦；B. in time及时；C. in danger危险；D. in place恰当。由下文的“They hit head on.”可知，两车相撞，说明司机没看见她以便及时避车，才会引发下面的车祸。故选B项。
28．
考查介词词义辨析。句意：金姆立即死亡，司机被扔出卡车挡风玻璃外，一周后死亡。A. above在上面；B. below在下面；C. into进入；D. through通过。由下文的“the truck windshield”可知，此处指司机通过卡车的挡风玻璃处被抛出车外，所以受伤严重，最终死亡。故选D项。
29．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每当我回首那一天，我不禁会想，那晚喝得这么多是我的错，否则事情就不一样了。A. desire渴望；B. fault过错；C. right权利；D. chance机会。由全文语境可知，朋友们是帮作者举办18岁生日聚会才喝的酒，但朋友之一的金姆却因酒后驾车死亡了，作者肯定很自责，觉得是自己的错（因为如果不喝那么多酒就什么都不会发生），it was one’s fault to do sth（做……是谁的错）。故选B项。
30．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我知道金姆当晚选择了酒后驾车，但我内心的一部分会永远为发生的事情负责。A. responsible有责任的；B. disappointed失望的；C. embarrassed尴尬的；D. sensitive敏感的。由全文语境可知，朋友们是帮作者举办18岁生日聚会才喝的酒，但朋友之一的金姆却因酒后驾车死亡了，作者很自责，觉得自己对这件事故是有责任的（因为如果不喝那么多酒就什么都不会发生），be responsible for（对……有责任）。故选A项。
31．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我也许不能用我的故事改变世界，但通过分享这个故事我真的希望我能让人们意识到他们对自己和他人负有责任。A. explain解释；B. escape逃跑；C. limit限制；D. realize意识到。由全文语境可知，朋友酒后驾车身亡让自己自责万分，作者希望通过分享自己的故事使人们有所醒悟、意识到自己的责任。故选D项。
32．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我也许不能用我的故事改变世界，但通过分享这个故事我真的希望我能让人们意识到他们对自己和他人负有责任。A. remembering记得；B. sharing分享；C. declaring宣布；D. stopping停止。由全文语境可知，朋友酒后驾车身亡让自己自责万分，作者希望通过分享自己的故事使人们有所醒悟、意识到自己的责任。故选B项。
33．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：永远不要认为你的选择是你自己的。A. alone一个人；B. finally最后；C. apart分开；D. perhaps也许。由下文“Every choice is like a stone dropped into 　　　　14　　　　water—each ripple (波纹) represents someone who your choice 　　　　15　　　　. ”可知，每一个选择都像一块石头掉进静水中，选择所带起每一个涟漪都代表着你的选择所影响的人，说明你的选择也会影响到其他人，所以永远不要认为你的选择是你一个人的，自己的选择有时关乎他人的生命。故选A项。
34．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每一个选择都像一块石头掉进静水中，每一个涟漪都代表着你的选择所影响的人。A. clean干净的；B. deep深的；C. still静止的；D. fresh新鲜的。由下文的“each ripple”可知，石头扔进静水中才会有水波纹。故选C项。
35．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：每一个选择都像一块石头掉进静水中，每一个涟漪都代表着你的选择所影响的人。A. affects影响；B. inspires激励；C. attracts吸引；D. benefits好处。由上文语境可知，你的选择不是你一个人的，自己的选择会影响到其他人，甚至是他人的生命。故选A项。
36．because
37．rocks
38．to watch
39．second
40．Having worked
41．when
42．where
43．the
44．was fountaining
45．absolutely
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者第一次见到火山喷发的场景。
【详解】
1.考查连词。句意：这是因为没有人住在基拉韦厄山顶附近，那里的岩石会掉下来。根据前文“When boiling rock erupts from a volcano and crashes back to earth, it causes less damage than you might imagine.”（当沸腾的岩石从火山喷发回地球时，造成的破坏比你想象的要小。）可知此处是描述的破坏力小的原因，所以用because。故填because。
2.考查名词复数。句意同上。根据设空前定冠词the及the top of Mount Kilauea，可知此处指山顶的岩石，rock为可数名词，所以要用复数。故填rocks。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，火山喷发本身确实令人兴奋，我永远不会忘记我第一次看到火山喷发的情景。exciting为形容词，在句中作表语，其后用不定式表原因。故填to watch。
4.考查序数词。句意：那是在我到夏威夷后的第二周。设空前有定冠词the，所以数词要用序数词，表示“第几个”，故填second。
5.考查非谓语动词。句意：一整天都很辛苦，我很早就上床睡觉了。分析句子可知，逗号前为句子的状语，动词work发生在谓语went to bed 之前，且与句子主语I为主谓关系，所以此处用现在分词的完成时。故填Having worked。
6.考查状语从句。句意：我正要回去睡觉的时候，突然我的卧室变得像白天一样明亮。固定句式be about to do when...，意为“正要做某事突然......”，when引导的为时间状语从句，故填when。
7.考查定语从句。句意：我跑出房子，来到后花园，在那里我可以看到远处的基拉韦厄山。分析句子可知，设空处及之后的内容为定语从句，设空处在从句中作地点状语，指代先行词the back garden，所以用关系副词where。故填where。
8.考查冠词。句意同上。短语in the distance，意为“在远处”，故填the。
9.考查时态。句意：火山从山的一侧喷发出来，炽热的熔岩像喷泉一样喷出，高达数百米。结合前文，作者描述自己第一次看到火山喷发的事实，此处指作者看到基拉韦厄山的火山正在喷发的景象，所以时态用过去进行时。故填was fountaining。
10.考查副词。句意：这绝对是一个奇妙的景象。根据设空后的形容词fantastic，所以此处用副词来修饰形容词。故填absolutely。
46．Dear Mr. Howard;
I’m Li Hua, an exchange student from China. Sorry to bother you, but I have to write this to express my deep dissatisfaction about your shop.
Last Wednesday I bought a kettle in your shop, whose shape and color are particularly attractive to me. I didn’t notice that there was something wrong with it. However, to my disappointment, it began to leak a small amount of water. Worse still, when I told the shop assistant about the problem, she just ignored me. Therefore, I demand that you should refund me my money in full or replace the broken one.
I do hope that you can investigate and handle my complaint as soon as possible. Anticipating your satisfactory reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给一家商店经理Mr. Howard写一封信,反映在该商店买的水壶有漏水现象。
【详解】
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般过去时和少量一般现在时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：说明
1、购买情况；
2、水壶问题；（参考词汇：leak v. 渗漏，漏出）
3、表达诉求。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
Sorry to bother you, write this to express, buy a kettle, something wrong with, begin to leak, demand that, refund me, investigate and handle my complaint
第三步：连词成句
Sorry to bother you, but I have to write this to express my deep dissatisfaction about your shop.
I bought a kettle in your shop.
It began to leak a small amount of water.
I demand that you should refund me my money in full or replace the broken one.
I do hope that you can investigate and handle my complaint as soon as possible.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last(供参考)。
2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition (供参考)
3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but (供参考)
4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result (供参考)
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Last Wednesday I bought a kettle in your shop, whose shape and color are particularly attractive to me（whose引导非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2] Worse still, when I told the shop assistant about the problem, she just ignored me.（高级词汇衔接词Worse still，when引导时间状语从句）
[高分句型3] Therefore, I demand that you should refund me my money in full or replace the broken one.（demand引导宾语从句，虚拟语气）
[高分句型4] I do hope that you can investigate and handle my complaint as soon as possible. （强调谓语动词）
47．Paragraph 1
Suddenly, I didn’t feel quite so sorry for myself. She seemed sad, now that I’d taken the time to notice. I decided to do something to cheer her up. “I have a better idea,” I said enthusiastically. “Come on — let’s start back.” “OK,” agreed Jen, and a little smile caught at the corner of her mouth. Ten minutes later, Jen and I put our skates on the front porch, and I told her we can make a big snow turkey. “This is going to be great,” Jen said, grinning at me with rosy cheeks.
Paragraph 2
We were so busy making it that we didn’t hear our parents come outside. “It’s the biggest snow turkey I’ve ever seen.” said Mom with a grin. A moment later, we were all busy working on our giant creation. When our snow turkey was finished, Mom said to me, “Thanks for cheering Jen up. You’re a good brother, and you come up with great ideas.” A happy feeling spread through me. I said, “I guess we make a good team.” The snow turkey helped me remember that everything could still work out even if it had to change.
【解析】
【分析】
本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在还是一个婴儿时，母亲就去世了。作者和父亲相依为命。但是在父亲再婚后，继母和继妹的到来，使得作者感觉一切都改变了。即使在感恩节，作者也闷闷不乐，以前经常和父亲一起去推雪人，现在父亲却忙着帮助继母做饭，陪伴自己外出的变成了继妹。作者和继妹开始聊天，得知她所经历的改变比自己还要大。
【详解】
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“突然间，我不再那么为自己感到难过了。”可知，第一段可描写作者发现继妹很伤心，于是想办法让她开心起来。
②由第二段首句内容“我们忙着做，都没听见父母出来了”。可知，第二段可描写继母说作者是个好哥哥，让继妹如此高兴。一种快乐的感觉传遍了作者的全身。作者领悟到虽然事情不得不改变，但是一切还是顺利进行的。
2.续写线索：难过——回忆——交谈——堆雪人——高兴——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.注意：notice/pay attention to
②.使某人高兴：cheer sb. up/make sb. happy
③.想出：come up with/ it occurs to sb.
情绪类
①.悲伤：sad/unhappy/upset
②.热情：enthusiastically/ passionately
【点睛】
[高分句型1]. Ten minutes later, Jen and I put our skates on the front porch, and I told her we can make a big snow turkey.（由连词and连接的并列句和省略了that的宾语从句）
[高分句型2]. It’s the biggest snow turkey I’ve ever seen. （省略了关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句）
[高分句型3]. The snow turkey helped me remember that everything could still work out even if it had to change.（that引导的宾语从句）