上海市闵行区2021届高三英语二模试题

这是一份上海市闵行区2021届高三英语二模试题，共31页。试卷主要包含了短对话，短文，长对话，用单词的适当形式完成短文，选用适当的单词或短语补全短文，完形填空，阅读理解，六选四等内容，欢迎下载使用。

上海市闵行区2021届高三英语二模试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________


一、短对话
1．When will the flight arrive?
A．At 12:30. B．At 13:00. C．At 13:30. D．At 14:00.
2．Where does the conversation probably take place?
A．In a hospital. B．In a police station.
C．In a garage. D．In a post-office.
3．What will the woman probably do?
A．Wash clothes. B．Clean the backyard.
C．Sit in the backyard. D．Enjoy the tea.
4．What does the man mean?
A．He doesn’t want to watch TV tonight. B．He prefers to watch the baseball game.
C．He’d rather see the movie. D．He hasn’t decided what to watch tonight.
5．What are the speakers talking about?
A．How to check computer files. B．How to write computer programs.
C．How to apply for a computer course. D．How to assemble a computer.
6．What does the woman mean?
A．She thinks it wrong to choose either of the books.
B．She finds it difficult to choose one from the two books.
C．She thinks either of the books will be Ok.
D．She doesn’t like either of the two books.
7．What does the woman imply?
A．The application has been delayed for a week.
B．The job has been offered to someone else.
C．The man is not suitable for the position.
D．The man lacks the relevant experience.
8．What do the speakers say about John?
A．Ambitious. B．Diligent. C．Aggressive. D．Considerate.
9．What do we know about the English teacher?
A．She is strict with discipline. B．She has missed some lessons.
C．She can’t give good lessons. D．She fails to behave herself.
10．What does the man mean?
A．Working conditions should be improved for the employees.
B．The employees should be satisfied with the present working conditions.
C．He doesn’t think the employees should have the protest.
D．He is doubtful about the effect of the employees’ action.

二、短文
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
11．What did the two men rob?
A．A jewelry shop. B．Shops in the City Mall.
C．A parked truck. D．A driver in the parking lot.
12．What did the witnesses see the two men do?
A．Leave the truck together. B．Run back to the truck without helmets.
C．Run back to the truck separately. D．Leave the truck without helmets.
13．Which of the following is true about the truck?
A．The truck was originally painted white.
B．The truck had no registration plate.
C．The truck disappeared from the parking lot.
D．The truck was covered with silver material.

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
14．What’s the reason of birds flying in V-shape?
A．In order to protect the weak and old ones.
B．In order to show beautiful shape of them.
C．In order to maintain physical strength.
D．In order to keep teamwork spirit.
15．What do the scientists plan to study next?
A．How the birds decide the order of the group.
B．How the birds decide the route of the group.
C．How the birds decide the time of flying of the group.
D．How the birds decide who takes charge of the group.
16．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Birds’ ability to keep order. B．Birds’ flying pattern as a team.
C．Birds’ intention to migrate. D．Birds’ skills to tell directions.


三、长对话
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
17．What is the topic of the man’s writing assignment?
A．Beautiful scenery in the countryside. B．Cross-country skiing.
C．Dangers of winter sports. D．Pain and pleasure in sports.
18．What problem does the man have while working on his paper?
A．He can’t find good examples to illustrate his point.
B．He can’t find a peaceful place to do the assignment.
C．He can’t decide whether to include the effort part of skiing.
D．He doesn’t know how to describe the beautiful country scenery.
19．What does the woman say is common in writing papers?
A．New ideas come up as you write. B．Much time is spent on collecting data.
C．It’s hard to find a proper topic. D．The writer’s point of view often changes.
20．What is the conversation mainly about?
A．How to revise a paper in an academic manner.
B．How to polish your arguments in a paper.
C．How to tell the main ideas in a paper effectively.
D．How to decide on relevant content for a paper.


四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
One steamy July afternoon in central Arkansas, I was working on an important project in my home office. My trusty printer was busy producing an important report 21． it simply stopped. After fifteen minutes of trying to repair, I decided to buy a new printer. Upon my return, my heart froze to see my house on fire.
22． having spent much of my life writing, I was speechless when facing this situation. I was lost for adequate words 23． (describe) the sick, sinking feeling of seeing my home, business, and belongings going up in flames along with photographs and memories 24． (collect) over a lifetime. But the panic that filled my shocked heart in that awful moment was for the nine cats that shared my home after 25． (rescue) from situations of ill-treatment and abandonment.
Responding to an early security-system warning, the amazing firefighters arrived immediately, 26． the chemical smoke had already caused deaths. I examined and kissed each cat goodbye, extremely grateful that they had passed gently, without injuries or burns.
Only animal lovers really understand the unbelievable impact 27． the loss of one beloved four-legged family member can have on your heart, mind and soul. The loss of so many dearly loved creatures sent me in great sorrow.
After staying with a friend of mine for a couple of weeks, I was relocated to a furnished apartment. One evening, about a month after moving in, I 28． (occupy) in writing a mystery novel, and at that time a “meow” sounded from outside the apartment door. Was it my mind playing tricks again? More than once I had heard, seen or felt the brush of one of my departed furry roommates. The meow grew louder and more repetitive. Curious, I opened the door.
Sitting on the doorstep was a kitten with a black coat and alert eyes. A neighbor 29． (walk) by picked him up and began petting him. When I remarked how cute her kitten was, she explained that it had been born under a bridge and looked around for food. This kitty-loving neighbor was quick to offer an extra litter box if I was interested in giving him a home. My immediate reaction was: “that’s all I need!” without hesitation she put the cute kitten down. I thanked her and closed the door, determined to just let him stay 30． a real home could be found.


五、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．contrast B．unknown C．trapped D．responsibility E. willingness
F. external G. sense H. cease I. encounter J. indecisive K. passive
There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as a(n) 31． result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language — all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.
By 32．, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as we 33． new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process, the journey never really ends. There are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept.
In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a 34． to take risks. And we are supposed to be ready to face the 35．, and to accept the possibility that we may “fail” at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow. Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious? If so, then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we’re 36． and shy? Then our 37． of shyness can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. Do we think we’re slow to adapt to change or that we’re not smart enough to cope with a new challenge? If so, then we are likely to take a more 38． role or not try at all.
These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. We will 39． to grow, if we do not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts, and if we protect ourselves too much. We become 40． inside a shell of our own making.


六、完形填空
To Apologize or Not to Apologize
Why difficult?
When we do wrong to someone we know, even not 41 , we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situation. But when we’re acting as leaders, the circumstances are 42 . The act of apology is carried out not merely at the level of the 43 but also at the level of the institution. It is a performance in which every word or expression 44 , as they become part of the public record. Refusing to apologize can be smart, or it can be stupid. So, readiness to apologize can be seen as a sign of strong character or as a sign of weakness.
Why now?
The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more 45 . During the last decade or so, the United States in particular has developed an apology culture—apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more 46 than before. More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of 47 apologies. Meanwhile, more and more articles, advice columns, and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of 48 apologies. Although they are not carried out in the public places, we can’t neglect the importance of this performance.
Why 49 ?
Why do we apologize? Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult, embarrassing, and even risky? Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target for 50 . They are expected to appear strong and capable. And whenever they make public statements of any kind, their individual and institutional reputations are in danger. Clearly, then, leaders should not apologize often. For a leader to express apology, there needs to be a strong 51 . Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so.
Why refuse?
Why is it that leaders so often try every means to 52 apologies, even when a public apology seems to be in order? Their reasons can be individual or institutional. Because leaders are public figures, their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even 53 risky. Apologies can be signals for admitting mistakes and mistakes can be an indication of job insecurity. Leaders may also be afraid that 54 of a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible. There can be good reasons for hanging tough (硬撑) in tough situations, as we shall see, but it is a high-risk 55 .
41．A．immediately B．intentionally C．occasionally D．accidentally
42．A．simple B．ridiculous C．abnormal D．different
43．A．individual B．company C．family D．society
44．A．conflicts B．matters C．appeals D．deceives
45．A．urgent B．risky C．boring D．simple
46．A．interestedly B．patiently C．frequently D．hopefully
47．A．faithful B．reliable C．confusing D．public
48．A．sincere B．acceptable C．private D．positive
49．A．bother B．reduce C．regret D．ignore
50．A．promotion B．criticism C．appreciation D．identification
51．A．personality B．will C．reason D．desire
52．A．attempt B．involve C．commit D．avoid
53．A．politically B．professionally C．academically D．physically
54．A．avoidance B．admission C．involvement D．elimination
55．A．fulfillment B．statement C．occupation D．strategy


七、阅读理解
If your in-box is currently reporting unread messages in the hundreds or thousands, you might have a hard time believing the news: e-mail is on the decline.
At first thought, that might seem to be the case. The incoming generation, after all, doesn’t do e-mail. Oh, they might have an account. They use it only as we would use a fax machine: as a means to communicate with old-school folks like their parents or to fulfill the sign-up requirements of Web sites. They rarely check it, though.
Today’s instant electronic memos — such as texting and Facebook and Twitter messages — are more direct, more concentrated, more efficient. They go without the salutation (称呼语) and the signoff (签收); we already know the “to” and “from.” Many corporations are moving to messaging networks for exactly that reason: more signal, less noise and less time. This trend is further evidence that store-and-forward systems such as e-mail and voicemail are outdated. Instead of my leaving you a lengthy message that you pick up later, I can now send you an easily-read message that you can read — and respond to — on the go.
The coming of the mobile era is responsible for the decline of e-mail. Instant written messages bring great convince to people. They can deal with them at about any time: before a movie, in a taxi, waiting for lunch. And because these messages are very brief, they’re suitable for smart phone typing.
Does this mean e-mail is on its way to the dustbin of digital history? Not necessarily. E-mail still has certain advantages. On the other hand, tweets and texts feel ephemeral — you read them, then they’re gone, into an endless string, e-mail still feels like something you have and that you can file, search and return to later. It’s easy to imagine that it will continue to feel more appropriate for formal communications: agreements, important news, longer explanations.
So, e-mail won’t go away completely. Remember, we’ve been through a transition (过度) like this not so long ago: when e-mail was on the rise, people said that postal mail was dead. That’s not how it works. Postal mail found its smaller market, and so will e-mail. New technology rarely replaces old one completely; it just adds new alternatives.
56．What would the incoming generation like to do with their e-mail accounts?
A．Check bank accounts. B．Send long messages.
C．Fill in some forms. D．Communicate with their colleagues.
57．Which of the following is mainly discussed in paragraphs 3 and 4?
A．The possible reasons behind the decline of e-mail
B．The likes and dislikes of the young generation
C．The rapid development of e-communication channels
D．Evidence about the uncertain future of easily-consumed messages
58．What does the underlined word “ephemeral” in paragraph 5 mean?
A．Automatically-sending. B．Randomly-written.
C．Hardly- recognized. D．Shortly-appearing.
59．According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
A．It’s too early to determine the decline of e-mail.
B．E-mail has reasons to exist with its own advantages.
C．E-mail, just like postal mail has come to its end.
D．We should feel sorry for the decline of e-mail.


The Film: The Great Gatsby (Based on Fitzgerald’s Novel The Great Gatsby )
Director: Baz Luhrmann Cast: Leonardo DiCaprio as Jay Gatsby
Film Reviews:
If you have never read the classic F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby, now is your chance to catch up — by watching the latest film adaptation. Because if there’s one sentence to sum up the film, it would be: It’s just like the book.
The use of music is almost reason enough to see the film. Baz Luhrmann is at his best mixing visual and musical styles together to create something wholly original, for example, in one of the most outstanding scenes in the film, the first party scene, Nick walks quickly from one party guest to another party guest trying to explain all the gossip about Gatsby until he is finally introduced to the man himself, while the most stirring version of Rhapsody in Blue (蓝色狂想曲), which was composed by American musician George Gershwin in 1924, is played in the background.
─ Fox News
Director Baz Luhrmann’s main challenge was either to find a visual equivalent (相等物) for Fitzgerald’s elegant quality — the open secret of the book’s popularity for so long time – or to match his own unusual personal strengths with the material. He tries it both ways, with considerable degrees of success.
Leonardo DiCaprio does a good and professional job as the socialite (社会名流) by recreating Fitzgerald’s description of Gatsby’s charm. He can look at someone for an instant and understand how, perfectly, he or she wants to be seen.
─ Time Magazine
About the Book and the Main Character:
Considered to be Fitzgerald’s representative work, The Great Gatsby explores themes of idealism, resistance to change, social change, and excess, creating a portrait of the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties that has been described as a tale regarding the American Dream.
Nick, the narrator, moves to New York for the summer to visit his cousin Daisy. His next-door neighbor is Jay Gatsby (Leonardo DiCaprio), who rarely contacts with others and is said to be a hero of the Great War. Gatsby claims to have attended Oxford University, but the evidence is suspect. As Nick learns more about Gatsby, every detail about him seems questionable, except his love for the Daisy. Though Daisy is married, Gatsby still loves her as his “golden girl”. They first met when she was a young lady from a wealthy family and he was a working-class military officer. Daisy promised to wait for his return from the war. However, she married Tom, a classmate of Nick’s. Having obtained a great fortune, Gatsby sets out to win her back again.

60．The Fox News review mentioned the first party scene in the film to ________.
A．reveal the fact that Nick wants to know more about Gatsby
B．show the version of Rhapsody in Blue matches the film well
C．prove that the director is good at combining visual and music
D．convince us that the first scene is perfectly filmed by the director
61．According to Time Magazine, what did Baz Luhrmann do to make the film a success?
A．He adapted the story in the novel as he wished.
B．He made the film more powerful than the book.
C．He mixed his style with the elegance of the book.
D．He changed the story to meet his own style.
62．Which of the following can be used to describe Gatsby?
A．Faithful and warm-hearted. B．Charming and professional.
C．Selfish and timid. D．Mysterious and devoted.

The British Medical Journal recently featured a strong response to what was judged an inappropriately merciful reaction by a medical school to a student cheating in an examination. Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense.
There is general agreement that there should be zero tolerance of cheating in a profession based on trust and one on which human lives depend. It is reasonable to assume that cheaters in medical school will be more likely than others to continue to act dishonestly with patients, colleagues, and government.
The behaviours under question are multifactorial in origin. There are familial (家庭的), religious, and cultural values that are acquired long before medical school. For example, countries, cultures, and subcultures exist where bribes and dishonest behaviour are very normal. There are secondary schools in which neither staff nor students tolerate cheating and others where cheating is common; there are homes which cultivate young people with high standards of moral behaviour and others which leave moral training to the harmful influence of television and the market place.
Medical schools reflect society and cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society. The selection process of medical students might be expected to favour applicants with positive moral behaviour. Medical schools should be the major focus of attention for cultivating future doctors with moral sensitivity. Unfortunately there are troubling data that suggest that during medical school the moral behaviour of medical students does not necessarily improve; indeed, moral development may actually stop or even regress (倒退).
It is critical that the academic and clinical leaders of the institution set a personal example on moral behaviour. Medical schools must do something to make sure that their students are expected to be clear from day one. The development of a school’s culture of moral behaviour requires cooperation with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and developing. Moreover, the school’s examination system and general treatment of students must be fair. Finally, the treatment of infractions (违规) must be firm, fair, transparent (透明的).
63．What does the author say about cheating in medical schools?
A．Extensive research has been done about this phenomenon.
B．We have sufficient data to prove that prevention is possible.
C．We know that this phenomenon exists in every medical school.
D．We still need more reliable data to know how serious it is.
64．According to the author, it is important to prevent cheating in medical schools because ________.
A．the medical profession is based on trust.
B．there is zero tolerance of cheating in medicine.
C．the medical profession depends on the government.
D．cheating exists extensively in medical schools.
65．Which of the following statements will the author probably agree with?
A．Medical schools should make a less competitive environment for students.
B．Outstanding people should create a set of moral standards to be followed.
C．Medical students should be positive in creating and preserving moral behavior.
D．We should focus on the cause-and-effect of the cheating in exams in medical schools.
66．Which of the following can be implied from the passage?
A．It makes little sense to talk about medical school student cheating in exams.
B．Medical schools haven’t been doing well to help students develop morally.
C．Cheating in exams is tolerable outside of medical school circle.
D．Elimination of exams helps cultivate healthier characters of medical school students.


八、六选四
Directions: Read the following passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
The worst time to look for a job is when you feel desperate and must have a new one immediately. 67．If you are not in need of an immediate career change, here are ways you can improve your long-term career prospects today:
Identify at least two different roles. You do not have to be qualified for these positions today, nor do they have to exist in your company. However, these roles should be related to your current skill set. They are career options that look interesting. 68．Pay close attention to what appeals to you, and write it down. This will give insight into your motivations and targets.
Subscribe to a career specific magazine. Knowledge is power in the workplace. All businesses must stay relevant to their customers in order to win the competitions and increase revenue (收益). Reading about industry trends, advancements and success stories keeps you in touch with market conditions. This information allows you to see which companies and professionals are leading the pack. You can follow their examples in your own workplace.
69．
Do exceptional work. In any role, there is a way to perform at your best. Look for ways to deliver a top performance. Show up early, be flexible to new assignments, have a positive attitude, cooperate with other departments, pay attention to the little details.
Be professionally curious. Talk to people about their careers. Learn more about how success is measured in other roles, departments and companies. Ask people their thoughts on different industries. 70．People hire people. You never know what connections may be relevant when you start your next job search, so develop a habit of making good connections no matter where you go. Take the time to learn about others, and be helpful when you can.
As in all things in life, getting in front of a difficult task early is always less stressful than reacting to a career surprise. Changing jobs is to be expected. No matter how secure you feel today, the time will come when either you or your employer decide it is time to change.
A.If you associate with distinguished people, you are likely to find yourself with better opportunities.
B.Challenge yourself to expand your business knowledge through interactions with people at regular time.
C.In addition, the chances, if any, are low that you can find a satisfactory job in an economic situation like this.
D.Once you have a couple of targets, think about why and what interests you.
E.That is to say, the people you keep company with determine your character development.
F.Job searching under pressure often results in nervous interviewing and decision-making from relatively few options.


九、概要写作
71．Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
There are various means consumers can do if they find that an item they bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer’s claims. A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the“higher up”his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer’s favor, assuming he or she has a just claim.
Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter．
Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. For example,“The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear”is better than“This stereo does not work.”The store manager may advice the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and firmly as possible. If a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go to a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumer’s rights.

十、汉译英（整句）
72．看孩子们在沙滩上打排球很有趣。(fun)（汉译英）
73．我刚交卷就意识到少回答了一个问题。 (Hardly…) （汉译英）
74．这本词典需要做彻底修改，什么时候再版还不得而知。 (revise) （汉译英）
75．这种收音机已经很落伍了，不增加新功能的话很难有销路。(unless) （汉译英）
76．公共场所全面禁烟有助于人们养成健康的生活习惯，并能有效预防某些疾病的发生。 (prevent) （汉译英）

十一、其他应用文
77．Directions: Write an English composition in 120 - 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你们学校拟给高三学生放三天假，各班可以自由安排。现有两个方案可以供同学们选择：
1、野外拓展训练 (outward bound training)；
2、在家自习功课。
假设你班班长正在征集意见，请你给班长发邮件，说明通过对两个方案的比较，你会选择哪一个，并简要说明你做出这个选择的理由。


参考答案
1．B
【原文】
M: Excuse me, has the 12:30 flight from New York arrived yet?
W: It will arrive half an hour late because of the air traffic control.
2．C
【原文】
M: How can I help you, madam?
W: I had a flat tire and the brake doesn’t seem to be working well.
3．A
【原文】
M: It’s such a beautiful day. Why not sit out in the backyard for a while and enjoy a cup of tea?
W: I’d love to. But look at the clothes beside the washing machine.
4．B
【原文】
W: There’s a great movie on TV tonight. Do you want to see it?
M: I’d rather not if it’s on at the same time as the baseball game.
5．D
【原文】
W: Have you ever put a computer together before?
M: No, never. But I think if we follow the instructions exactly, we won’t have much trouble.
6．C
【原文】
M: I can’t decide which of these two articles would be more useful to read.
W: As far as I know, you can’t go wrong with either of the two books.
7．B
【原文】
M: I wonder if you find my experience relevant to the job.
W: Yes, certainly. But if only you had sent your application letter a week earlier.
8．B
【原文】
M: John is definitely one of the most hard-working employees in our company.
W: He has been in the company for 15 years and works as hard as he came here the first day.
9．A
【原文】
W: How is your new English teacher?
M: She can’t tolerate any misbehavior in the classroom when she is giving lessons.
10．D
【原文】
W: The employees have been protesting against the working conditions.
M: Yeah, I heard about the protest. But I don’t know how much good it will do.

11．A
12．D
13．A
【原文】
The police released the first video emergency yesterday of the two men who were believed to be involved in robbing a jewelry shop in the city seven days ago. But the video pictures taken a week ago were not very clear. The camera which filmed the men was about 200 meters away from a parked truck which the robbers later used as a running away vehicle. The men were also filmed wearing helmets as they ran towards the truck after the robbery. The pictures are timed at 9:05 a.m. last Saturday, just half an hour before the robbery occurred. Witnesses have confirmed that some time during this half an hour, they saw the two men without helmets leave the truck separately. Despite the quality of the video, the police believe the robbers are not difficult to recognize. The first suspect who got at the drive side of the truck was about 5 feet and 6 inches tall and fat. He was wearing a grey jacket and dark trousers. The passenger was thinner and slightly taller, about 5 feet and 8 inches. He was wearing light blue jeans and white jacket. According to the police, the truck stored in the parking lot of the city mall last month has been repainted from white to silver, with a false registration plate.

14．C
15．D
16．B
【原文】
Scientists have long been interested in why birds fly in a shape which looks like the letter V. Using modern technology, they observed and came to the conclusion that birds fly that way to save energy.
British scientists attached small GPS navigation devices to the back of a bird called Bald Ibises to track wing movements. The recordings showed that the birds were able to use the upward airstream created by the wing tips of the bird just in front of it.
Scientists had predicted that birds could take advantage of this by flying in a V-shape, but actually no one understood how the upward air could be captured. With the help of the microlight aircraft, the British scientists followed the birds on their migration to Italy.
The GPS devices were so precise that they recorded in real time the position and speed of each bird within the group of the birds. Scientists say they were impressed at how each bird was able to respond to the movement of the one just in front.
In the following research, scientists plan to study how the birds decide who should be responsible for the group on their annual migrations across Europe.

17．B
18．C
19．A
20．D
【原文】
M: Hello, Professor Jones.
W: Hello, Tony. So what shall we work on today?
M: Well, the problem is that this writing assignment isn’t coming out right. What I thought I was writing on was to talk about what a particular sport means to me—one I take part in.
W: What sport did you choose?
M: I decided to write about cross-country skiing.
W: What are you going to say about skiing?
M: That’s the problem. I thought I would write about how peaceful it is to be out in the country.
W: So why is that a problem?
M: As I start describing how quiet it is to be out in the woods, I keep mentioning how much effort it takes to keep going. Cross-country skiing isn’t as easy as some people think. It takes a lot of energy. But that’s not part of my paper, so I guess I should leave it out. But now I don’t know how to explain that feeling of peacefulness without explaining how hard you have to work for it. It all fits together. It’s not like just sitting down somewhere and watching the clouds rolling by. That’s different.
W: Then you’ll have to include that in your point. The peacefulness of cross-country skiing is the kind you earn by effort. Why leave that out? Part of your point you knew beforehand, but part you discovered as you wrote. That’s common, right?
M: Yeah, I guess so ...

21．when
22．Despite/Although
23．to describe
24．collected
25．being rescued
26．but
27．that/which
28．was occupied
29．walking
30．until
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。“我”在一场火灾中失去了家，失去了很多东西，还失去了心爱的猫咪，在搬进一所新公寓后，“我”重新遇到了一只猫咪。
21．
考查时间状语从句。句意：我那值得信赖的打印机正忙着打印一份重要报告，突然就停了。此处是指当打印机突然停工时，它正忙着打印一份重要报告。所以此处是时间状语从句，表示“当……时”可用when。故填when。
22．
考查让步状语从句或介词。句意：尽管我一生大部分时间都在写作，但面对这种情况，我还是无言以对。“having spent much of my life writing”和“I was speechless when facing this situation”构成转折关系，所以空格处应填“尽管”。因为空格后是having spent，可用在介词despite后用动名词作宾语，也可在连词although后用现在分词作状语。故填Despite/Although。
23．
考查to do不定式。句意：看到我的家，我的生意，我的财产，还有我毕生珍藏的照片和回忆都在熊熊燃烧，那种难受的、下沉的感觉，我实在找不到合适的词语来形容。此处是指“我”找不到语言来形容这种感觉，所以应用to do不定式表目的。故填to describe。
24．
考查过去分词。句意：看到我的家，我的生意，我的财产，还有我毕生珍藏的照片和回忆都在熊熊燃烧，那种难受的、下沉的感觉，我实在找不到合适的词语来形容。动词collect和逻辑主语photographs and memories构成被动关系，且动作已完成。所以应用过去分词作定语。故填collected。
25．
考查动名词的被动语态。句意：但是，在那可怕的时刻，充满我震惊的心的恐慌，是为那些从虐待和遗弃中被解救出来，住在我家的9只猫。在介词after后应用动名词作宾语，动词rescue和逻辑主语cats构成被动关系。故填being rescued。
26．
考查连词。句意：接到安全系统的预警后，出色的消防员立即赶到，但化学烟雾已经造成死亡。“the amazing firefighters arrived immediately”和“the chemical smoke had already caused deaths”构成转折关系，所以应用转折词but。故填but。
27．
考查定语从句。句意：只有热爱动物的人才能真正理解，失去一个心爱的四条腿的家庭成员对你的心、思想和灵魂所造成的难以置信的影响。定语从句“the loss of one beloved four-legged family member can have on your heart, mind and soul”中缺少have的宾语，且先行词为impact，指物，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
28．
考查时态。句意：搬进来大约一个月后的一天晚上，我正忙着写一部悬疑小说，这时公寓门外传来“喵”的声音。根据One evening可知，此处描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。be occupied in doing意为“忙于做某事”，为固定搭配。故填was occupied。
29．
考查现在分词。句意：一个路过的邻居把它抱起来，开始抚摸它。动词walk和主语neighbor构成主动关系。所以应用现在分词作定语。故填walking。
30．
考查时间状语从句。句意：我谢过她，关上门，决心在它找到真正的家之前让它留下。此处是指让猫咪留下，直到它找到真正的家。表示“直到”应用until。故填until。

31．F
32．A
33．I
34．E
35．B
36．J
37．G
38．K
39．H
40．C
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了看待成长的两种基本的方法：结果和过程。
31．
考查形容词。句意：人们普遍认为个人成长是一种容易识别和衡量的外在结果或产物。分析句子可知，修饰名词result，前用形容词形式。external“外在的”为形容词，符合句意。故选F项。
32．
考查名词。句意：相比之下，个人成长的过程更难确定，因为从定义上讲，它是一段旅程，而不是沿途的特定路标或地标。by contrast相比之下。分析句子可知，空格处应为名词，作介词by的宾语，contrast“对比”为名词，符合句意。故选A项。
33．
考查动词。句意：这个过程不是道路本身，而是当我们遇到新的经历和意想不到的障碍时，人们的态度和感情，他们的谨慎或勇气。分析句子可知，空格处应为从句中谓语动词，根据句中时态可知，用一般现在时，encounter“遇到”为动词，符合句意。故选I项。
34．
考查名词。句意：为了成长，为了开辟新的道路，人们需要有承担风险的意愿。分析句子可知，空格处前为不定冠词a，所以应为名词的单数形式，willingness“愿意”为名词。have a willingness to do sth.愿意做某事，符合句意。故选E项。
35．
考查名词。句意：我们应该准备好面对未知的事物，接受我们可能一开始就“失败”的可能性。分析句子可知，空格处前定冠词the后接名词形式，unknown“未知的事物”为名词，符合句意。故选B项。
36．
考查形容词。句意：我们认为自己优柔寡断、害羞吗?分析句子可知，空格处应为形容词与shy并列作表语，indecisive“犹豫不决的”为形容词，符合句意。故选J项。
37．
考查名词。句意：然后，我们的羞怯感会使我们犹豫，行动缓慢，直到我们知道情况安全时才迈出一步。分析句子可知，空格处前形容词性物主代词our后接名词形式，sense“感觉”为名词，符合句意。故选G项。
38．
考查形容词。句意：如果是这样，那么我们可能会采取更被动的角色，或者根本不去尝试。分析句子可知，空格处应为形容词形式修饰名词role，passive“被动的”为形容词，符合句意。故选K项。
39．
考查动词。句意：如果我们不面对和克服这些内在的恐惧和怀疑，如果我们过多地保护自己，我们就会停止成长。分析句子可知，空格前情态动词will后接动词原形，cease“停止”为动词，符合句意。故选H项。
40．
考查形容词。句意：我们被困在自己制造的壳里。分析句子可知，空格前became为系动词，后接形容词形式，trapped“陷入困境的”为形容词，符合句意。故选C项。

41．B
42．D
43．A
44．B
45．A
46．C
47．D
48．C
49．A
50．B
51．C
52．D
53．B
54．B
55．D
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。文章对是否道歉从为什么艰难、为什么紧迫、为什么自寻烦恼、为什么拒绝四个方面进行了论述。
41．
考查副词辨析。句意：当我们对认识的人做了错事，即使不是故意的，我们通常都希望通过道歉来改善情况。A.immediately立即；B.intentionally故意地；C.occasionally偶尔；D.accidentally偶然地。根据“When we do wrong to someone we know”再结合“even”可知，此处是指即使不是故意的。故选B。
42．
考查形容词辨析。句意：但当我们作为领导者行事时，情况就不同了。A.simple简单的；B.ridiculous古怪的；C.abnormal不正常的；D.different不同的。根据转折词but可知，此处是指当我们作为领导者行事时，情况就不同了。故选D。
43．
考查名词辨析。句意：道歉行为不仅存在于个人层面，也存在于制度层面。A.individual个人；B.company公司；C.family家庭；D.society社会。根据“But when we’re acting as leaders”可知，此处是指当作为领导时，道歉行为就不仅涉及到个人，也涉及到制度。故选A。
44．
考查动词辨析。句意：在这情况中，每一个词或每一个表达都很重要，因为它们会成为公众记录的一部分。A.conflicts矛盾；B.matters重要；C.appeals吸引；D.deceives欺骗。根据“as they become part of the public record”可知，在领导的道歉中，每一个词或每一个表达都很重要。故选B。
45．
考查形容词辨析。句意：领导人是否应该公开道歉的问题从来没有像现在这样紧迫。A.urgent紧迫的；B.risky冒险的；C.boring无聊的；D.simple简单的。根据“More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of public apologies.”（越来越多的报纸记者报道了公开道歉的重要性。）可知，现在这个问题非常紧迫。故选A。
46．
考查副词辨析。句意：在过去十年左右的时间里，美国发展出了一种道歉文化——各种各样的道歉和为各种各样的错误道歉比以前频繁得多。A. interestedly有趣地；B.patiently耐心地；C.frequently频繁地；D.hopefully有希望地。根据“During the last decade or so, the United States in particular has developed an apology culture”可知，此处是指道歉行为比以前频繁得多。故选C。
47．
考查形容词辨析。句意：越来越多的报纸记者报道了公开道歉的重要性。A.faithful真诚的；B.reliable可靠的；C.confusing令人困惑的；D.public公开的。根据“The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly”可知，此处是指公开道歉的重要性。故选D。
48．
考查形容词辨析。句意：与此同时，越来越多的文章、建议专栏、广播和电视节目也类似地处理了私下道歉的问题。A.sincere真诚的；B.acceptable可接受的；C.private私下的； D.positive积极的。根据“Although they are not carried out in the public places”（虽然它们不是在公共场所进行的）可知，此处是指私下道歉。故选C。
49．
考查动词辨析。句意：何苦呢？A.bother烦恼；B.reduce减少；C.regret后悔；D.ignore忽视。根据“Why do we apologize? Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult, embarrassing, and even risky? ”（我们为什么要道歉？为什么我们要把自己置于一个困难、尴尬甚至危险的境地呢？）可知，此处是指我们为什么要自寻烦恼。故选A。
50．
考查名词辨析。句意：公开道歉的领导人很容易成为批评的目标。A.promotion推广；B.criticism批评；C.appreciation欣赏；D.identification认同。根据“And whenever they make public statements of any kind, their individual and institutional reputations are in danger. ”（而且，只要他们发表任何形式的公开声明，他们个人和机构的声誉就会处于危险之中。）可知，公开道歉的领导人很容易成为批评的目标。故选B。
51．
考查名词辨析。句意：对于一个领导人来说，道歉需要有一个强有力的理由。A.personality人格；B.will意愿；C.reason理由；D.desire欲望。根据“Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so.”（如果领导人认为道歉的成本低于不道歉的成本，他们就会公开道歉。）可知，对于一个领导人来说，道歉需要有一个强有力的理由。故选C。
52．
考查动词辨析。句意：为什么领导人总是想方设法避免道歉，即使公开道歉似乎是必要的？A.attempt尝试；B.involve使参加；C.commit犯罪；D.avoid避免。根据“Why refuse?”（为什么拒绝？）可知，领导人总是想方设法避免道歉。故选D。
53．
考查副词辨析。句意：因为领导者是公众人物，他们的道歉可能会让个人感到不舒服，甚至在职业上有风险。A.politically政治上；B.professionally职业上；C.academically学术上；D.physically身体上。根据“Apologies can be signals for admitting mistakes and mistakes can be an indication of job insecurity.”（道歉可以是承认错误的信号，而错误可能是工作不稳定的迹象。）可知，们的道歉可能会在职业上有风险。故选B。
54．
考查名词辨析。句意：领导者也可能害怕承认错误会损害或摧毁他们负责的组织。A.avoidance避免；B.admission承认；C.involvement参加；D.elimination消除。结合道歉和“of a mistake”可知，此处是指承认错误。故选B。
55．
考查名词辨析。句意：正如我们将看到的，在艰难的情况下坚持下去可能有很好的理由，但这是一个高风险的策略。A.fulfillment履行；B.statement陈述；C.occupation职业；D.strategy策略。it是指“hanging tough in tough situations”，所以是一种策略。故选D。

56．C
57．A
58．D
59．B
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。文章主要陈述了随着科技的发展电子邮件的使用正在下降，但它有自身的优势，也可以在小范围内存在，不会完全被替代。
56．
细节理解题。根据第二段的“They use it only as we would use a fax machine: as a means to communicate with old-school folks like their parents or to fulfill the sign-up requirements of Web sites. (他们使用它就像我们使用传真机：作为一种与老派人士例如他们父母的沟通方式，或者填写网站的一些注册要求)”可知，新一代人可能使用电子邮件来和老派人士交流，或者填写一些表格。故选C。
57．
主旨大意题。根据三四段的主要内容，结合第三段的“Today’s instant electronic memos — such as texting and Facebook and Twitter messages — are more direct, more concentrated, more efficient. (今天的即时电子备忘录——如短信，Facebook和推特消息——更直接、更集中、更高效)”和“This trend is further evidence that store-and-forward systems such as e-mail and voicemail are outdated. (这种趋势进一步证明了诸如电子邮件和语音邮件之类的储存转发系统已经过时了)”和第四段的“The coming of the mobile era is responsible for the decline of e-mail. (移动时代的到来是电子邮件衰败的原因)”可知，这两段主要陈述了电子邮件衰败背后可能的原因。故选A。
58．
词句猜测题。根据划线部分所在句子“On the other hand, tweets and texts feel ephemeral — you read them, then they’re gone, into an endless string, e-mail still feels like something you have and that you can file, search and return to later. ”可知，另一方面推特和短信感觉ephemeral——你读了它们，然后它们消失了，变成了无穷无尽的字符串，而电子邮件给人的感觉仍然是你拥有的东西，你可以归档、搜索并可以稍后返回。结合句意可知，和电子邮件相比推特和短信是短暂的，它们很快会消失。由此推知划线词的意思是“短暂存在”，与shortly-appearing同义。故选D。
59．
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“It’s easy to imagine that it will continue to feel more appropriate for formal communications: agreements, important news, longer explanations. (很容易想象，它会继续让人觉得适合使用于正式沟通：协议、重要新闻、更长的解释)”和最后一段 “So, e-mail won’t go away completely. Remember, we’ve been through a transition (过度) like this not so long ago: when e-mail was on the rise, people said that postal mail was dead. That’s not how it works. Postal mail found its smaller market, and so will e-mail. New technology rarely replaces old one completely; it just adds new alternatives. (所以，电子邮件不会完全消失。记住，我们前不久才经历形同的情况：当电子邮件崛起时，人们说邮政邮件时代会过去。但事情不是这样的。邮政邮件找到了它较小的市场，电子邮件也一样。新的技术很少完全取代旧的，它只是添加了新的选择)”可推知，电子邮件有它自身的优势，它的存在是有理由的。故选B。

60．C
61．C
62．D
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要分析了电影《伟大的盖茨比》的角色，和两家报纸对该电影做的影评。
60．
推理判断题。根据Fox News部分的“The use of music is almost reason enough to see the film. Baz Luhrmann is at his best mixing visual and musical styles together to create something wholly original, for example, in one of the most outstanding scenes in the film, the first party scene,”（电影中音乐的运用几乎足以成为观众观看这部电影的理由。Baz Luhrmann非常擅长把视觉和音乐风格结合在一起，共同创建完全原创的东西，例如这部电影中最杰出的场景之一：第一个派对场景）可知，Fox News提到电影里第一个派对场景是为了证明导演很擅长把视觉和音乐结合在一起。故选C。
61．
细节理解题。根据Time Magazine部分的“Director Baz Luhrmann’s main challenge was either to find a visual equivalent (相等物) for Fitzgerald’s elegant quality — the open secret of the book’s popularity for so long time – or to match his own unusual personal strengths with the material. He tries it both ways, with considerable degrees of success.”（导演Baz Luhrmann主要的挑战是要么为菲茨杰拉德优雅的品质找到一个视觉等价物——长久以来这本书受欢迎的公开秘密，要么用剧本来匹配他不寻常的个人优点。他两者都尝试了，并且取得了很大成功）可知，Time Magazine认为Baz Luhrmann成功的原因是他把自己的个人风格和书的优雅结合在了一起。故选C。
62．
推理判断题。根据About the Book and the Main Character:部分的“His next-door neighbor is Jay Gatsby (Leonardo DiCaprio), who rarely contacts with others and is said to be a hero of the Great War. Gatsby claims to have attended Oxford University, but the evidence is suspect. As Nick learns more about Gatsby, every detail about him seems questionable”（他的邻居盖茨比很少与人接触，据说他是一战的英雄。盖茨比自称上过牛津大学，但证据令人怀疑。随着他对盖茨比的了解的加深，关于他的每一个细节似乎都是可疑的）可推知，盖茨比很神秘。根据“Though Daisy is married, Gatsby still loves her as his “golden girl”.”（尽管黛西已经结婚，但盖茨比仍然把她当作自己的“黄金女郎”来爱着）和“Having obtained a great fortune, Gatsby sets out to win her back again.”（盖茨比获得一大笔财产后，打算再把她赢回来）可推知，盖茨比深爱着黛西。故选D。

63．D
64．A
65．C
66．B
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。作者认为防止在医学院作弊是很重要的，因为医学专业是建立在信任的基础上的，所以医学院应为培养医学生的道德感做出更多的努力。
63．
细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense.”（虽然我们对这一现象的程度、其预防或其有效管理没有足够的可靠数据，但可以根据常识得出许多结论并采取行动。）可知，关于医学院作弊的事我们仍然需要更多可靠的数据来了解它的严重程度。故选D。
64．
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“There is general agreement that there should be zero tolerance of cheating in a profession based on trust and one on which human lives depend. ”（人们普遍同意，在一个基于信任和人类赖以生存的职业中，不应该容忍欺骗行为。）可知，防止在医学院作弊是很重要的，因为医学专业是建立在信任的基础上的。故选A。
65．
细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句“The development of a school’s culture of moral behaviour requires cooperation with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and developing.”（学校道德行为文化的发展需要与学生合作，学生在学校道德行为文化的创造和发展中发挥积极作用。）可知，作者会认同医学生应该积极创造和维护道德行为这一观点。故选C。
66．
推理判断题。根据倒第二段最后一句“Unfortunately there are troubling data that suggest that during medical school the moral behaviour of medical students does not necessarily improve; indeed, moral development may actually stop or even regress (倒退).”（不幸的是，有令人不安的数据表明，在医学院期间，医学生的道德行为并不一定会得到改善；事实上，道德发展实际上可能会停止，甚至倒退。）可知，医学院在帮助学生道德发展方面做得不好。故选B。

67．F
68．D
69．A
70．B
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了不马上换工作的情况下，改善长期职业前景的方法。
67．
根据空前的“The worst time to look for a job is when you feel desperate and must have a new one immediately.”可知，最不适合找工作的时候是你感到绝望，必须马上找一份新工作的时候，此处承接上文，讲的是在这种压力下找工作的不利影响，故F项（在压力下求职往往会导致相对较少的选择而导致紧张的面试和决策）符合语境。
68．
根据空后的“Pay close attention to what appeals to you, and write it down. This will give insight into your motivations and targets.”可知，密切关注那些吸引你的东西，并把它们写下来。这会让你了解自己的动机和目标，这是在讨论目标和兴趣的关系，D项中的targets和interests分别与下文中的targets和appeals一致，故D项（一旦你有了几个目标，想一想为什么和什么让你感兴趣）符合语境。
69．
根据空前的“Reading about industry trends, advancements and success stories keeps you in touch with market conditions. This information allows you to see which companies and professionals are leading the pack. You can follow their examples in your own workplace.”可知，读一读行业趋势、发展和成功的故事可以让你随时了解市场状况。这些信息可以让你看到哪些公司和专业人士处于领先地位。你可以在自己的工作场所效仿他们，此处总结上文，说的是与这些人联系在一起的好处，故A项（如果你与出色的人联系，你很可能会发现自己有更好的机会）符合语境。
70．
根据空前的“Ask people their thoughts on different industries.”可知，询问人们对不同行业的看法，此处承接上文，解释与人交流想法的好处，故B项（挑战自己，通过定期与人交流来扩展业务知识）符合语境。
71．There are many ways for consumers to protect their rights when they buy the unsatisfactory goods. First, they can complain directly to a high-rank person for an immediately settlement. Secondly, they can make a face-to-face complaint, which is more effective than phone complaint. Thirdly, complain politely but firmly. Fourthly, consumers should provide specific information of the faulty team. Finally, consumers can take legal actions if a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result.
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述当顾客买到不满意的商品时，可以采取的一些措施来保护自己的权利。
【详解】
符合概要写作的常规思路：
第一句总结文章的中心思想。用到句型有:when引导的时间状语从句等。接下来从5点阐述了保护消费者权利的方法，用到的词汇或句型有：make a face-to-face complaint，take legal actions，achieve the desired result等。
文中which is more effective than phone complaint为非限制性定语从句，使文章更缜密。
文章结构上用first，secondly， thirdly… 来解释要点，使文中结构更加清晰，概括全面，结构严谨。
【点睛】

72．It’s fun to look at the children playing volleyball on the beach.
【详解】
考查固定句式和现在分词。根据句意和提示可知，此处应用固定句式“it’s fun to do”表示“做某事很有趣”。表示“看某人做某事”可用look at sb doing，用现在分词表示正在进行。表示“打排球”可用play volleyball。表示“在沙滩上”可用on the beach。再结合其它句意，应翻译为It’s fun to look at the children playing volleyball on the beach.
73．Hardly had I handed in the (test) paper when I realized that I missed a question.
【详解】
考查状语从句、部分倒装和宾语从句。分析句子结构，该句需要用hardly...when...(刚……就)引导时间状语从句；前半句用过去完成时，后半句用一般过去时；表示否定语义的词hardly位于句首，用部分倒装；需要用一个宾语从句，作realized的宾语，引导词在从句中不作任何成分，也没有实际意义，用that引导该从句；“提交”是hand in，“少回答一个问题”是miss a question，所以翻译为Hardly had I handed in the (test) paper when I realized that I missed a question.
74．The dictionary needs to be thoroughly revised, and it’s unknown when it will be republished.
【详解】
考查时态、it作形式主语、固定短语、动词和副词。根据句意可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，“sth. need to be done”意为“某事需要被做”，thoroughly意为“彻底”，副词词性，revise意为“修改”，动词词性，过去分词为revised，表示“这本词典需要做彻底修改”应用“The dictionary needs to be thoroughly revised”，句首单词首字母大写；表示“什么时候再版还不得而知”应用“it’s unknown when it will be republished”，句中it作形式主语，真正的主语为when引导的从句，从句部分表示将来发生的动作，应用一般将来时，republish意为“再出版”，动词词性，过去分词为republished，用连词and连接逗号前后两个句子。故翻译为The dictionary needs to be thoroughly revised, and it’s unknown when it will be republished.
75．This kind of radio is quite out of fashion, so it’s hard to sell unless new features/functions are added (to it).
【详解】
考查状语从句和固定短语。分析可知，句子为so连接的并列句，前句的主语“这种收音机”为This kind of radio，表示“相当落伍”为固定短语be quite out of fashion；后一句为主从复合句，主句为it做形式主语的句型，真正的主语为动词不定式，所以表示“很难出售”为it’s hard to sell；从句为unless引导的条件状语从句，主语“新功能”为new features/functions，谓语动词add和主语之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，后面可以加介词to和宾语it，也可省略，整个句子表达的是现在的情况，用一般现在时，注意主谓一致。故翻译为This kind of radio is quite out of fashion, so it’s hard to sell unless new features/functions are added (to it).
76．The comprehensive ban of smoking in public places can help people develop healthy lifestyles and effectively prevent certain diseases from happening.
【详解】
考查动词用法和固定短语。根据句意和提示可知，此处应用prevent sth from happening表示“预防某事的发生”。表示“全面的”应用形容词comprehensive，表示“禁止”可用名词ban，表示“在公共场所”应用in public places，表示“养成……的习惯”可用develop。再结合其它句意，故翻译为“The comprehensive ban of smoking in public places can help people develop healthy lifestyles and effectively prevent certain diseases from happening.”。
77．Dear Monitor,
In my opinion, for the three-day holiday, we should do outward bound training. Here are my reasons.
First of all, our senior three life is very tense, during which time, our spirit has been very tight. At this time, we need to relax through outward bound training, which is very good for our college entrance examination. Secondly, after the college entrance examination, we have to go our separate ways, so there are fewer and fewer opportunities for students to do activities together. This outdoor training is one of the few opportunities. We should cherish the friendship between classmates, leaving good memories. Finally, our study has reached a sufficient level and we will soon face the college entrance examination. At the moment, outward bound training is conducive to the digestion and absorption of knowledge.
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给班长写封邮件，对高三学生放三天假的班级活动发表意见。
【详解】
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和现在完成时。
结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1.表明你的意向；
2.说出理由。
第二步：列提纲 （重点词组）
relax through outward bound training; go our separate ways; cherish the friendship; reach a sufficient level; conducive to the digestion and absorption of knowledge
第三步：连词成句
1.In my opinion, for the three-day holiday, we should do outward bound training.
2.First of all, our senior three life is very tense, during which time, our spirit has been very tight.
3.At this time, we need to relax through outward bound training, which is very good for our college entrance examination.
4.Secondly, after the college entrance examination, we have to go our separate ways, so there are fewer and fewer opportunities for students to do activities together.
5.We should cherish the friendship between classmates, leaving good memories.
6.Finally, our study has reached a sufficient level and we will soon face the college entrance examination.
7.At the moment, outward bound training is conducive to the digestion and absorption of knowledge.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Secondly, Finally
2.表因果关系：So
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】
[高分句型1]First of all, our senior three life is very tense, during which time, our spirit has been very tight. （which引导的非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]We should cherish the friendship between classmates, leaving good memories. （现在分词作状语）