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山西省太原市第五中学2021届高三下学期第二次模拟考试英语试题
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这是一份山西省太原市第五中学2021届高三下学期第二次模拟考试英语试题，共23页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，短文改错，其他应用文等内容，欢迎下载使用。
山西省太原市第五中学2021届高三下学期第二次模拟考试英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
You’re lost in the woods, in the sea or on the mountain. You have your smart phone with you. At this time, don’t worry as you can use the following apps on your phone to get help.
Boot Print Survival
The Boot Print Survival app can keep track of the last place where you had a cell phone signal. If and when you find yourself lost and without a cell phone signal, just open up Boot Print Survival, which tells you the direction and distance to the last place where you had a signal. Then it’s simply a matter of finding your way back.
Wild Edibles
“Wildman” Steve Brill is an experienced explorer and naturalist who poured his knowledge of wild foods into this handy app. Though humans can go weeks without eating, our bodies work much better with a little food in our stomachs. Out in the wild it can be just as dangerous to eat the wrong thing as to eat nothing, and the Wild Edibles app provides detailed descriptions and pictures of each plant as well as food preparation instructions.
Army Survival
You can’t have too much good information when it comes to saving your life. The Army Survival guide app draws information from a survival guide written by the U.S. Army and covers water, dangerous animals to avoid, and how to find and prepare food. This app has topics like cold weather survival and how to get by in the desert.
SAS Survival Guide
If you’ve gotten to this point, it probably means you’re considering spending at least a night out in nature. The SAS Survival Guide was born as a book written by John Wiseman, a former SAS (British Special Air Service) soldier and instructor. The 400-page book has been translated to both iPhone and Android apps and is full of information on first aid, shelter-building, eating, drinking, and tips to guide you through places like forests, deserts, the sea coast and cold weather environments.
1．How can Boot Print Survival help you out?
A．By helping find your best route forward.
B．By providing a cell phone signal for you.
C．By recording the places you have been to.
D．By guiding you to a place with a cell phone signal.
2．What do Wild Edibles and Army Survival have in common?
A．They have information on food.
B．They offer tips on driving away animals.
C．They can be used to teach cooking at home.
D．They are developed under the guidance of a book.
3．Which app can you turn to if you need to build a place to sleep at night?
A．Boot Print Survival. B．Wild Edibles.
C．Army Survival. D．SAS Survival Guide.
Clocking 16 hours, 46 minutes, nine seconds, the athlete Chris Nikic didn’t finish with the shortest time when he recently completed his first Iron Man Race, but he did quite well.
After swimming 2.4 miles, the 21-year-old Floridian cycled 112 miles. Even after suffering a fall from his bike during the second leg of the race, he called on his inner strength to get back up, keep going and get the job done. And then he ran a 26.2-mile marathon to become the first competitor with Down’s Syndrome (唐氏综合征) in the world to successfully cross the finish line in the history of the Iron Man Race. For his efforts, Nikic also earned himself a place in the Guinness Book of World Records.
“To Nikic, this race was more than just a finish line and a celebration for the success,” his dad said. The race has served as a chance to become one step closer to his goal of living a normal life. It’s about being an example to other kids and families that face similar difficulties. Those with Down’s Syndrome will be prompted to live a life like normal persons.
Nikic trained between four and six hours a day to prepare for the event, and that training paid off.
Goal set and achieved, Nikic posted on Instagram, where he has 33,000 new followers. “Time to set a new and bigger goal for 2021.”
One of Nikic’s biggest fans, all-time tennis great Billie Jean King, tweeted the perfect response: “No limits. No boundaries. Keep dreaming big and going for it!”
As for that medal he won for completing the race, he gifted it to his loving mom. With hope of competing in the 2022 Special Olympics scheduled in Orlando, it looks as if Chris Nikic has plenty of big dreams yet to come true.
4．What did Nikic’s performance during Iron Man Race prove?
A．He is strong. B．He is confident. C．He is kind. D．He is careful.
5．What does the underlined word “prompted” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Praised. B．Surprised. C．Supported. D．Encouraged.
6．Why did Billie Jean King write those words?
A．He wanted to make Nikic famous.
B．He wanted to encourage Nikic.
C．He wanted to show respect for Nikic.
D．He wanted to show his relationship with Nikic.
7．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Chris Nikic encourages people to exercise
B．Chris Nikic won first place in Iron Man Race
C．Athlete with Down’s Syndrome makes history
D．Special Iron Man Race was held for special athletes
TAP into TV visited one of the last remaining pencil factories in America: Musgrave Pencil Company in Shelbyville, Tennessee. Although there are changes in American manufacturing and the technology is developing fast, Musgrave is still a healthy business. They spoke with Henry Hulan of Musgrave about how pencils are made, the long history of pencil-making in Central Tennessee, and the lasting popularity of the pencil in the digital era.
Henry Hulan is the grandson of the founder of Musgrave Pencil Co., James Musgrave, who is commonly referred to as “Colonel Musgrave”. James Musgrave founded the company in 1916.
James developed an innovative way to make pencils: the pencil slat. Grooves (凹槽) are cut into thin pieces of wood called slats, graphite (石墨) cores are laid into the grooves, and lastly, another grooved slat is glued on top. All three layers are pressed together, then shaved and separated into individual pencils.
Interestingly, Musgrave did not use wood from trees at first. “A lot of people don’t know it but we were probably one of the first people that did any kind of recycling,” Hulan said. Colonel Musgrave bought cedar rail fences (雪松栅栏) from farmers who were transitioning (转变) to fences made of modern materials. “We did not cut a tree,” Hulan added. Those fences were made of Tennessee Red Cedar, plentiful in the area, and were the perfect material for pencils.
As other pencil companies in Central Tennessee closed and business moved to other states or overseas, Musgrave has been able to keep open, employing local workers and putting out a quality, American-made product. Through a combination of strategic management decisions, long-term employees and loyal customers, they’ve been successful. Recently there’s been a growing demand for pencils in the digital era. “Pencils are special.
People like them because they are wood — not plastic. The feel and the look of a pencil are just one of those things that will never be replaced,” Hulan said.
8．What do we know about Musgrave Pencil Co.?
A．It was established by Henry Hulan. B．It has a history of over 100 years.
C．It made pencils in a traditional way. D．It popularized pencils around the US.
9．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．The importance of grooves for pencil making.
B．The modern techniques of making pencil slats.
C．Musgrave Pencil Co.’s way of making pencils.
D．James Musgrave’s suggestions for pencil-making.
10．What did Musgrave Pencil Co. do to make pencils?
A．It cut down many trees. B．It paid farmers to plant cedars.
C．It made use of recycled fences. D．It took advantage of modern materials.
11．What can we infer about Musgrave Pencil Co. from the last but one paragraph?
A．It’s known for its unique management.
B．It’s the top pencil company in the US.
C．It prefers to employ local people.
D．It stands out from its competitors.
The world’s glaciers are melting. Each year, they become smaller in size as ice breaks off and floats away. These giant pieces of ice also hold very old viruses and bacteria and as the ice melts, some of them may be waking up.
In 2015, scientists took ice from a 15,000-year-old glacier in Tibet, hoping to learn more about the history of life in the area. What was the result? The scientists found 28 new viruses frozen in the ice. Experts think they can learn a lot from these ancient viruses. They hope to find out how viruses and bacteria survive and this may help future people as new viruses turn up in the Earth’s changing climate. However, others worry whether these viruses and bacteria could cause sickness in humans. As yet, the viruses found in the Tibetan glacier seem to only infect amoebas, a very small living animal, they may not be a threat to people. But melting ice elsewhere in the world might be a different story.
In 2016, parts of Siberia saw a heat wave. The higher temperatures caused melting of soil that normally stays frozen year-round. As the ground warmed, bacteria escaped, which caused a sudden start of a serious disease in the area. In 2017, a teacher in Alaska came home from a trip with a skin infection. He visited his doctor. That’s when he learned that the infection was caused by bacteria from melted sea animal bodies. The bacteria had been frozen with the animals for many years before infecting him.
How worried should people be about the viruses and bacteria escaping from melting ice? Most experts aren’t ringing the alarm bells, yet. Instead, scientists worry that many viruses and bacteria will be lost as the ice melts, and so do the learning chances. Is there any hope of saving the world’s glaciers? Most experts say no — the planet has already warmed too much.
12．What do we know about the viruses and bacteria in glaciers?
A．They will not be harmful to humans.
B．They only threaten small living animals.
C．They have stayed in ice for over 15,000 years.
D．Studying them helps humans in the long run.
13．What does the teacher’s experience show?
A．Sea animal bodies are very common in ice.
B．Climate change can cause disease indirectly.
C．Some bacteria are safe for animals.
D．It’s easy to suffer a skin infection.
14．What do experts care more about according to the last paragraph?
A．Having no ways to stop climate change.
B．Being unable to save the world’s glaciers.
C．Losing the chances to study the viruses and bacteria.
D．Helping the people infected with viruses and bacteria.
15．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Ancient bacteria’s and viruses’ waking up causes worry.
B．Ancient bacteria and viruses are trapped in melting ice.
C．What can we do to protect the environment?
D．What can scientists learn from glaciers?
二、七选五
If you are always successful, you may not learn much. 16． Scientists have found that being wrong 15 percent of the time is the secret to learning new things. Although nobody likes to fail, scientists have long suspected that people learnt better when they were challenged to learn something just outside of their existing knowledge.
Make a task too hard and participants will give up without learning any new skills, but if it is too easy, they will also not pick up anything useful. 17． To find out where the “sweet spot” lies, researchers at the University of Arizona conducted a series of machine-learning experiments in which they taught computers simple tasks, such as picking whether a number was odd (奇数的) or even (偶数的). 18．
The scientists have named it “The 85 percent rule” and say it could help teachers adapt their classes to the right level. If the teachers give really easy examples, you get 100 percent right all the time. 19． If they give really hard examples, you still won’t learn anything new. Only when you are at this “sweet spot” can you get the most information from each particular example.
20． You shouldn’t be disappointed if you aren’t 100% right all the time. If you are taking classes that are too easy, then you aren’t probably getting as much out of a class as someone who’s struggling but managing to keep up.
A.Accept challenges bravely.
B.Then there’s nothing left to learn.
C.The more difficult the task, the better.
D.In this way, you can maximize your learning.
E.But that “sweet spot” has always been unknown.
F.Some studies have shown that failure is not a bad thing.
G.They found that when the error rate was 15 percent, the computers learnt fastest.
三、完形填空
It seems like just yesterday I was driving my mom to the hairdressers or out to go shopping. She would always sit in the passenger seat, examining her bag 21 .
For a long time, my mom carried a newspaper. The 22 was about a boy going to school. She always told me how she had gone to school with him, but I have no 23 of knowing for sure. My mom had Alzheimers (阿尔茨海默症).
Something about this story 24 with her, so she put the newspaper in her bag. She frequently 25 the things in her bag to make sure it was still inside. She also looked for her 26 , because my dad probably 27 her to make sure she could answer it.
It made me 28 . I shouted at her and told her the more she 29 it and took everything out, the more likely she would be to 30 something. But none of that 31 .She always had her 32 .
Finally, she stopped worrying about the bag 33 . She put it down one day and never picked it up again. I found her bag lying on the kitchen table one day and it 34 me. I never thought I would be so sad to 35 this bag. It caused me so much 36 for so long, but there I was, crying at the sight of it.
This bag symbolizes a time when my mom was able to get into the 37 and go out with me. I wish I could go back in time to a day when my mom held the 38 bag in her arms.
Whatever you’re going through right now and whatever your 39 is you’re going to 40 the thing that drives you mad someday.
21．A．nervously B．shyly C．carelessly D．impatiently
22．A．result B．story C．experience D．cause
23．A．courage B．time C．goal D．way
24．A．agreed B．met C．stuck D．started
25．A．saved up B．went through C．packed up D．gave out
26．A．cellphone B．seat C．bag D．tablet
27．A．allowed B．promised C．reminded D．expected
28．A．hopeless B．sorry C．bored D．crazy
29．A．opened B．washed C．removed D．kept
30．A．forget B．regret C．lose D．overlook
31．A．returned B．repeated C．disappeared D．worked
32．A．plan B．worry C．excuse D．wish
33．A．completely B．happily C．first D．deeply
34．A．moved B．excited C．broke D．surprised
35．A．describe B．remember C．see D．accept
36．A．doubt B．harm C．fear D．displeasure
37．A．car B．bus C．ship D．plane
38．A．heavy B．old C．nice D．popular
39．A．solution B．difficulty C．belief D．advantage
40．A．avoid B．forgive C．enjoy D．miss
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
May 15 (UPI)—China landed a rover (火星车) on the surface of Mars for 41． first time on Saturday, the China 42． (nation) Space Administration announced.
The Tianwen-1 orbiter launched from the island province of Hainan 43． July 23 and entered Mars orbit in February. The rover, Zhurong, 44． is named after the Chinese god of fire, set down on the red planet on Saturday morning.
China is the second country after the United States 45． (place) a rover on the surface of Mars. The former Soviet Union landed a probe on Mars in 1971, but lost contact immediately.
The rover descended (下降) from the orbiter via entry capsule, 46． (lower) by parachute before jettisoning (投弃) its outer shield and using a retrorocket (反向火箭) to land. Geng Yan, with the Lunar Exploration and Space Program Center at the CNSA, said the rover’s descent took about 9 minutes and 47． (perform) autonomously.
“Each step had only one chance, and the actions were 48． (close) linked. If there had been any flaw, the landing 49． (fail),” he told state-run media Xinhua.
The rover will spend three months searching for 50． (sign) of water and ice on Mars.
五、短文改错
51．文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I caught the flu as a result the recent continuous rain. Ignoring my family’s advices, I still went to school, hoped that the flu would disappear itself. However, I seemed to go from bad to worst. I had a runny nose all the time. Everybody wanted to come near me. The school doctor told me to rest more and gave me some medicine. A nurse give me an injection; it was really hurt! I took the medicine regularly and gradual I felt better. I have learned a good lesson from an experience: The flu is not a big deal, although if we don’t take good care of ourselves, we may take a turn for the worse.
六、其他应用文
52．假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Mike说他们学校最近在开展一项有关外国文化的活动，他希望你能给他介绍一项中国的传统手工艺（handicraft），以便于他在活动上介绍，请就此给Mike写一封邮件。内容如下：
1. 很高兴帮忙；
2. 介绍一项中国的传统手工艺；
3. 希望他有时间来中国亲自了解。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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参考答案
1．C
2．A
3．D
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几款在野外迷路时可以使用的手机应用程序。
1．
细节理解题。根据“Boot Print Survival”部分第一句“The Boot Print Survival app can keep track of the last place where you had a cell phone signal.”(Boot Print Survival应用程序可以追踪你最后一次有手机信号的地方。)和第二句“If and when you find yourself lost and without a cell phone signal, just open up Boot Print Survival, which tells you the direction and distance to the last place where you had a signal.”(如果你发现自己迷路了，没有手机信号，打开Boot Print Survival，它会告诉你到最后一个有信号的地方的方向和距离。)可知，Boot Print Survival通过记录你去过的地方来帮助你。故选C。
2．
细节理解题。根据“Wild Edibles”部分第一句““Wildman” Steve Brill is an experienced explorer and naturalist who poured his knowledge of wild foods into this handy app.”(“野人”史蒂夫·布里尔是一位经验丰富的探险家和博物学家，他把自己关于野生食物的知识倾注到这个方便的应用程序中。)和“Army Survival”部分第二句“The Army Survival guide app draws information from a survival guide written by the U.S. Army and covers water, dangerous animals to avoid, and how to find and prepare food.”(陆军生存指南应用程序从美国陆军编写的生存指南中提取信息，包括水、避免危险动物，以及如何寻找和准备食物。)可知，“Wild Edibles”和“Army Survival”的共同之处是它们有关于食物的信息。故选A。
3．
细节理解题。根据“SAS Survival Guide”部分第一句“If you’ve gotten to this point, it probably means you’re considering spending at least a night out in nature.”(如果你已经做到了这一点，这可能意味着你正在考虑在大自然中度过至少一个晚上。)和第三句“The 400-page book has been translated to both iPhone and Android apps and is full of information on first aid, shelter-building, eating, drinking, and tips to guide you through places like forests, deserts, the sea coast and cold weather environments.”(这本长达400页的书已被翻译成iPhone和Android应用程序，内容包括急救、搭建避难所、饮食以及在森林、沙漠、海岸和寒冷天气环境中指导你的小贴士。)可知，如果你需要建一个晚上睡觉的地方，你可以求助于“SAS Survival Guide”应用程序。故选D。
4．A
5．D
6．B
7．C
【分析】
这是一篇新闻报道。运动员克里斯·尼克的成绩是16小时46分9秒，他最近第一次完成了钢铁侠赛跑，虽然不是最短的，但他做得很好，成为世界上第一个在钢铁侠比赛的历史上成功地冲过终点线的患有唐氏综合症的选手。
4．
推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“The race has served as a chance to become one step closer to his goal of living a normal life.”(这次比赛给了他一个机会，让他向过上正常生活的目标又迈进了一步。)第二段最后一句“For his efforts, Nikic also earned himself a place in the Guinness Book of World Records.”(由于他的努力，尼克也为自己在吉尼斯世界纪录中赢得了一席之地。)可知，尼克在钢铁侠比赛中的表现证明了他的强大。故选A。
5．
词句猜测题。根据第三段第三句“It’s about being an example to other kids and families that face similar difficulties.”(而是为其他面临类似困难的孩子和家庭做一个榜样。)可知，尼克的成功为为其他面临类似困难的孩子和家庭提供了动力，努力过上正常人的生活。所以prompted意为“被鼓励”。故选D。
6．
推理判断题。根据倒第二段中的“One of Nikic’s biggest fans”(尼克最大的粉丝之一)和“No limits. No boundaries. Keep dreaming big and going for it!”(没有限制。没有边界。保持远大的梦想并为之奋斗！)可知，Billie Jean King写下这些话是为了鼓励尼克。故选B。
7．
主旨大意题。结合全文内容，尤其是根据第二段第三句“And then he ran a 26.2-mile marathon to become the first competitor with Down’s Syndrome (唐氏综合征) in the world to successfully cross the finish line in the history of the Iron Man Race.”(然后他跑了26.2英里的马拉松成为世界上第一个在钢铁侠比赛的历史上成功地冲过终点线的患有唐氏综合症的选手。)可知，文章主要是讲一个患有唐氏综合症的运动员创造了历史。故选C。
8．B
9．C
10．C
11．D
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。TAP into TV参观了美国仅存的铅笔工厂之一：田纳西州谢尔比维尔的马斯格雷夫铅笔公司。他们与马斯格雷夫的亨利·胡兰谈论了铅笔的制造过程、田纳西州中部铅笔制造的悠久历史以及铅笔在数字时代的持久流行。
8．
细节理解题。根据第二段“Henry Hulan is the grandson of the founder of Musgrave Pencil Co., James Musgrave, who is commonly referred to as “Colonel Musgrave”. James Musgrave founded the company in 1916.”(亨利胡兰是马斯格雷夫铅笔公司创始人詹姆斯马斯格雷夫的孙子，他通常被称为“马斯格雷夫上校”。詹姆斯·马斯格雷夫于1916年创立了这家公司。)可知，马斯格雷夫铅笔公司于1916年创立，所以迄今有一百多年的历史。故选B。
9．
主旨大意题。根据第三段第一句“James developed an innovative way to make pencils: the pencil slat. ”(詹姆斯发明了一种创新的制作铅笔的方法：铅笔板。)可知，第三段主要是讲马斯格雷夫铅笔公司生产铅笔的方法。故选C。
10．
细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“A lot of people don’t know it but we were probably one of the first people that did any kind of recycling”(很多人都不知道，但我们可能是最早进行回收的人之一)，第三句“Colonel Musgrave bought cedar rail fences (雪松栅栏) from farmers who were transitioning (转变) to fences made of modern materials.”(马斯格雷夫上校从农民那里购买了雪松围栏，他们正在向现代材料的围栏过渡。)和最后一句“Those fences were made of Tennessee Red Cedar, plentiful in the area, and were the perfect material for pencils.”(那些篱笆是用田纳西红雪松做的，这种杉在这个地区很多，是做铅笔的最佳材料。)可知，马斯格雷夫铅笔公司利用回收篱笆生产铅笔。故选C。
11．
推理判断题。根据倒第二段第一句和第二句“As other pencil companies in Central Tennessee closed and business moved to other states or overseas, Musgrave has been able to keep open, employing local workers and putting out a quality, American-made product. Through a combination of strategic management decisions, long-term employees and loyal customers, they’ve been successful.”(当田纳西州中部的其他铅笔公司倒闭，业务转移到其他州或海外时，马斯格雷夫却能够继续经营，雇佣当地工人，生产出高质量的美国制造产品。通过战略管理决策、长期员工和忠诚客户的结合，他们取得了成功。)可知，马斯格雷夫铅笔公司在竞争对手中脱颖而出。故选D。
12．D
13．B
14．C
15．A
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。介绍了世界上的冰川正在融化。冰川融化的同时，冰块中也含有非常古老的病毒和细菌，随着冰的融化，其中一些可能正在苏醒。
12．
细节理解题。根据第二段第四五句“Experts think they can learn a lot from these ancient viruses. They hope to find out how viruses and bacteria survive and this may help future people as new viruses turn up in the Earth’s changing climate.( 。专家认为他们可以从这些古老的病毒中学到很多东西。他们希望找出病毒和细菌是如何生存的，这可能会帮助未来的人类，因为新的病毒在地球变化的气候中出现)”可知，科学家认为他们通过对冰川中冰冻的细菌病毒的研究，可以为未来的人们有帮助。D项Studying them helps humans in the long run.表示“从长远来看，研究它们有助于人类。”符合文章内容。故选D项。
13．
推理判断题。根据第三段前三句“In 2016, parts of Siberia saw a heat wave. The higher temperatures caused melting of soil that normally stays frozen year-round. As the ground warmed, bacteria escaped, which caused a sudden start of a serious disease in the area.( 2016年，西伯利亚部分地区遭遇了热浪。更高的温度导致了通常常年冰冻的土壤融化。随着地面变暖，细菌逃逸，导致该地区突然开始出现一种严重的疾病)”可知，是全球变暖导致冰川融化，导致冰冻的病毒细菌复活引发疾病，结合第4-6句“In 2017, a teacher in Alaska came home from a trip with a skin infection. He visited his doctor. That’s when he learned that the infection was caused by bacteria from melted sea animal bodies. The bacteria had been frozen with the animals for many years before infecting him.( 2017年，阿拉斯加一名教师旅行回家时皮肤感染。他去看医生。就在那时，他得知感染是由融化的海洋动物体内的细菌引起的)”这位教师的经历正验证了上文说法，他是由融化的海洋动物体内的病毒引发了皮肤病。由此可以推断，气候变化可以间接引发疾病。故选B项。
14．
细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句“Instead, scientists worry that many viruses and bacteria will be lost as the ice melts, and so do the learning chances.( 相反，科学家担心许多病毒和细菌会随着冰的融化而消失，学习的机会也会随之消失。)”其中so do the learning chances.相当于the learning chances will be lost too.科学家担心，研究这些病毒的机会会失去。故选C项。
15．
主旨大意题。根据第一段“The world’s glaciers are melting. Each year, they become smaller in size as ice breaks off and floats away. These giant pieces of ice also hold very old viruses and bacteria and as the ice melts, some of them may be waking up.( 世界上的冰川正在融化。每年，它们的体积都会变小，因为冰块脱落并漂走了。冰川融化的同时，冰块中也含有非常古老的病毒和细菌，随着冰的融化，其中一些可能正在苏醒)”，这是文章的主题句，引出文章主题表示全球变暖，冰川内古老病毒和细菌会引发疾病，让人担忧。故选A项。
16．F
17．E
18．G
19．B
20．A
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。科学家们发现，学习新事物的秘诀就是错误率达到15%。
16．
根据后文“Scientists have found that being wrong 15 percent of the time is the secret to learning new things. Although nobody likes to fail, scientists have long suspected that people learnt better when they were challenged to learn something just outside of their existing knowledge.”(科学家们发现，学习新事物的秘诀就是错误率达到15%。虽然没有人愿意失败，但科学家们长期以来一直怀疑，当人们受到挑战去学习现有知识之外的东西时，他们会学得更好。)可知，此处是讲科学家们发现失败并不是坏事情，所以选项F“一些研究表明，失败并不是一件坏事。”切合文意。故选F。
17．
根据后文“To find out where the “sweet spot” lies, researchers at the University of Arizona conducted a series of machine-learning experiments in which they taught computers simple tasks, such as picking whether a number was odd (奇数的) or even (偶数的).”(为了找出“最佳点”在哪里，亚利桑那大学的研究人员进行了一系列机器学习实验，他们让计算机完成一些简单的任务，比如选择一个数字是奇数还是偶数。)可知，此处是指“最佳点”尚未可知，所以选项E“但这个‘最佳点’一直是未知的。”切合文意。故选E。
18．
根据后文“The scientists have named it “The 85 percent rule” and say it could help teachers adapt their classes to the right level.”(科学家将其命名为“85%规则”，并表示这可以帮助教师调整他们的课程以适应正确的水平。)可知，实验的结果是“85%规则”，对应选项G中的“15 percent”。根据前文“To find out where the “sweet spot” lies, researchers at the University of Arizona conducted a series of machine-learning experiments in which they taught computers simple tasks, such as picking whether a number was odd (奇数的) or even (偶数的).”(为了找出“最佳点”在哪里，亚利桑那大学的研究人员进行了一系列机器学习实验，他们让计算机完成一些简单的任务，比如选择一个数字是奇数还是偶数。)可知，这项研究的研究对象是计算机。所以选项G“他们发现错误率为15%时，计算机学习速度最快。”切合文意。故选G。
19．
根据前文“if it is too easy, they will also not pick up anything useful”(如果太容易，他们也不会学到任何有用的东西)可知，此处是讲如果太容易，就没有什么可以学习的东西，所以选项B“那就没什么好学的了。”对应前文“If the teachers give really easy examples, you get 100 percent right all the time.”(如果老师给出非常简单的例子，你总是百分之百正确。)，切合文意。故选B。
20．
根据后文“You shouldn’t be disappointed if you aren’t 100% right all the time.”(如果你不是100%正确，你也不应该失望。)和“If you are taking classes that are too easy, then you aren’t probably getting as much out of a class as someone who’s struggling but managing to keep up.”(如果你选的课程太简单了，那么你从课程中学到的东西可能不如那些努力学习但能跟上进度的人多。)可知，此处是讲要勇敢地接受挑战，所以选项A“勇敢地接受挑战。”切合文意。故选A。
21．A
22．B
23．D
24．C
25．B
26．A
27．C
28．D
29．A
30．C
31．D
32．B
33．A
34．C
35．C
36．D
37．A
38．B
39．B
40．D
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。作者的母亲得了阿尔茨海默症，每次作者开车带她出去时，她都会频繁地检查包里有没有报纸和手机。这让作者很烦躁。但是后来母亲再也没有拿起这个包。有一天作者在厨房的桌子上看到了这个包，这让作者非常难过，希望能回到从前，回到母亲抱着那个旧包跟自己一起出门的时候。
21．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她总是坐在副驾驶座上，紧张地检查她的包。A.nervously紧张地；B.shyly害羞地；C.carelessly粗心地；D.impatiently不耐烦地。根据“She frequently went through the things in her bag to make sure it was still inside.”(她经常仔细检查她包里的东西，以确保它还在里面。)可知，此处是指紧张地检查她的包。故选A。
22．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个故事是关于一个男孩去上学的。A.result结果；B.story故事；C.experience经历；D.cause原因。根据“Something about this story”(关于这个故事)可知，此处是指这个故事是关于一个男孩去上学的。故选B。
23．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她总是告诉我她是如何和他一起上学的，但我无法确定。A.courage勇气；B.time时间；C.goal目标；D.way方法。根据“of knowing for sure”和“My mom had Alzheimers”(我妈妈有老年痴呆症)可知，此处have no way of doing sth.是指"无法确定做某事"。故选D。
24．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个故事让她无法忘怀，所以她把报纸放在包里。A.agreed同意；B.met遇见；C.stuck粘住；D.started开始。根据“so she put the newspaper in her bag”可知，这个故事让她无法忘怀。stick with意为“紧跟某人”，是指这个故事紧跟着母亲，也就是这个故事让她无法忘怀。故选C。
25．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：她经常仔细检查她包里的东西，以确保它还在里面。A.saved up储蓄；B.went through仔细检查；C.packed up打包；D.gave out分发，发出。根据“to make sure it was still inside”可知，此处是指她经常仔细检查她包里的东西。故选B。
26．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她也在找她的手机，因为我爸爸可能提醒过她一定要接电话。A.cellphone手机；B.seat座位；C.bag包；D.tablet药片。根据“make sure she could answer it”可知，此处是指她也在找她的手机。故选A。
27．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她也在找她的手机，因为我爸爸可能提醒过她一定要接电话。A.allowed允许；B.promised承诺；C.reminded提醒；D.expected期待。根据“her to make sure she could answer it”可知，此处是指爸爸可能提醒过她一定要接电话。故选C。
28．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我都快疯了。A.hopeless绝望的；B.sorry遗憾的；C.bored无聊的；D.crazy疯狂的。根据“I shouted at her”(我对她大吼大叫)和“drives you mad”(让你发疯)可知，此处是指“我”都快疯了。故选D。
29．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我对她大吼大叫，告诉她越打开包，把东西都拿出来，就越有可能丢东西。A.opened打开；B.washed清洗；C.removed移开，拿开；D.kept保持。根据“took everything out”可知，此处是指打开包。故选A。
30．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我对她大吼大叫，告诉她越打开包，把东西都拿出来，就越有可能丢东西。A.forget忘记；B.regret后悔；C.lose丢失；D.overlook忽略。根据“make sure it was still inside”可知，妈妈频繁检查包里的东西是为了确保没有丢失报纸和手机，所以此处是指越有可能丢东西。故选C。
31．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这些都不起作用。A.returned返回；B.repeated重复；C.disappeared消失；D.worked起作用。根据转折词but可知，此处是指“我”说的话没有用。故选D。
32．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她总是忧心忡忡。A.plan计划；B.worry担忧；C.excuse借口；D.wish愿望。根据“she stopped worrying”(她不再担心)可知，此处是指她总是忧心忡忡。故选B。
33．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，她完全不再担心这个包了。A.completely完全地；B.happily高兴地；C.first首先；D.deeply深深地。根据“She put it down one day and never picked it up again.”(有一天她把它放下，再也没拿起来。)可知，此处是指她完全不再担心这个包了。故选A。
34．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天，我发现她的包躺在厨房的桌子上，它使我很难过。A.moved感动；B.excited使兴奋；C.broke使难过；D.surprised使惊讶。根据“there I was, crying at the sight of it”可知，我发现她的包躺在厨房的桌子上，它使我很难过。故选C。
35．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我从没想过我看到这个包会这么难过。A.describe描述；B.remember记得；C.see看见；D.accept接受。根据“I found her bag lying on the kitchen table one day”可知，此处是指看到这个包。故选C。
36．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它使我不快了好长一段时间，但我还是在那儿，一看到它就哭了。A.doubt怀疑；B.harm伤害；C.fear害怕；D.displeasure不愉快。根据“It made me crazy.”可知，它使“我”不快了好长一段时间。故选D。
37．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个包象征着我妈妈能够上车和我一起出去的那个时候。A.car汽车；B.bus公交车；C.ship船；D.plane飞机。根据“It seems like just yesterday I was driving my mom to the hairdressers or out to go shopping.”(感觉就像昨天，我开车送妈妈去理发店或者出去购物。)可知，此处是指妈妈能够上车。故选A。
38．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望我能回到从前，回到妈妈抱着那个旧包的那一天。A.heavy沉重的；B.old旧的；C.nice美好的；D.popular流行的。根据“It caused me so much displeasure for so long”可知，这个包已经使用了很久，而且那段时间也过去了很久，所以是旧包。故选B。
39．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论你现在正在经历什么，无论你有什么困难，你都会在某天想念让你发疯的事情。A.solution解决方案；B.difficulty困难；C.belief相信，信赖；D.advantage优势。根据“the thing that drives you mad”可知，此处是指无论你现在有什么困难。故选B。
40．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论你现在正在经历什么，无论你有什么困难，你都会在某天想念让你发疯的事情。A.avoid避免；B.forgive原谅；C.enjoy享受；D.miss想念。根据“I wish I could go back in time to a day when my mom held the old bag in her arms.”可知，此处是指想念让你发疯的事情。故选D。
41．the
42．National
43．on
44．which
45．to place
46．lowering
47．was performed
48．closely
49．would have failed
50．signs
【分析】
这是一篇新闻报道。5月15日(合众国际社)——中国国家航天局宣布，周六，中国的一辆火星车首次在火星表面着陆。
41．
考查固定搭配。句意：5月15日(合众国际社)——中国国家航天局宣布，周六，中国的一辆火星车首次在火星表面着陆。for the first time意为“第一次”，为固定搭配。所以应用定冠词the。故填the。
42．
考查形容词。句意：5月15日(合众国际社)——中国国家航天局宣布，周六，中国的一辆月球车首次在火星表面着陆。修饰名词Administration应用形容词，形容词national意为“国家的”，根据“Space Administration”可知，首字母应大写。故填National。
43．
考查介词。句意：7月23日，“天问一号”探测器从海南省发射升空，于今年2月进入火星轨道。根据“July 23”可知，此处是指在具体的某一天，应用介词on。故填on。
44．
考查定语从句。句意：这辆火星车“祝融”以中国火神命名，于周六上午登陆火星。在非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为rover，所以应用关系代词which。故填which。
45．
考查不定式。句意：中国是继美国之后第二个在火星表面发射探测器的国家。当名词被序数词修饰时，应用不定式作后置定语。故填to place。
46．
考查现在分词。句意：火星车通过进入舱从轨道飞行器中降落，通过降落伞降落，然后丢弃外层护罩，并使用减速火箭着陆。动词lower意为“降落”，和谓语动词之间没有连词，且和主语rover构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词作状语。故填lowering。
47．
考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：中国国家航天局火星探测与空间计划中心的耿雁表示，火星车的下降耗时约9分钟，是自动完成的。根据“the rover’s descent took about 9 minutes”可知，此处应用一般过去时。动词perform意为“完成”，和主语the rover’s descent构成被动关系。且主语为第三人称单数。故填was performed。
48．
考查副词。句意：每一步都只有一次机会，而且这些行动是紧密相连的。修饰动词linked应用副词。故填closely。
49．
考查虚拟语气。句意：如果有任何缺陷，着陆就会失败。根据“If there had been any flaw”可知，此处是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以主句中应用would have done。过去的事实是着陆成功了，所以虚拟语气应为“着陆就会失败”。故填would have failed。
50．
考查名词复数。句意：探测器将花三个月的时间在火星上寻找水和冰的迹象。根据“water and ice”可知，此处是指很多迹象，sign为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填signs。
51．第一处： result后面加of
第二处： advices→advice
第三处： hoped→hoping
第四处： worst→worse
第五处： Everybody→Nobody
第六处： give→gave
第七处： gradual→gradually
第八处：去掉have
第九处： an→the
第十处： although→but
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了作者从自己生病的经历中学到了一个很好的教训:流感不是什么大问题，但如果我们不好好照顾自己，我们可能会变得更糟。
【详解】
第一处：考查固定用法。句意：由于最近连续下雨，我得了流感。 as a result结果，as a result of由于，这里表示“由于最近连续下雨”，应用as a result of。所以result后面加of。
第二处：考查名词。句意：我没有听从家人的建议，仍然去上学，希望流感会自己消失。advice是不可数名词，没有复数形式，所以advices改成advice。
第三处：考查非谓语动词。句意：我没有听从家人的建议，仍然去上学，希望流感会自己消失。分析句子结构，“hoped that the flu would disappear itself.”应是分词作状语，“希望”与其逻辑主语“我”之间是主动关系，用现在分词，所以hoped改成hoping。
第四处：考查固定短语。句意：然而，我的情况似乎越来越糟。bad to worse每况愈下，是固定短语，所以worst改成worse。
第五处：考查代词。句意：没有人愿意靠近我。根据上文“I had a runny nose all the time.”（我一直流鼻涕）结合生活常识可知，没有人愿意靠近我，怕被传染，所以Everybody改成Nobody。
第六处：考查时态。句意：护士给我打了一针。描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，所以give改成gave。
第七处：考查副词。句意：我定期吃药，渐渐地我感觉好多了。修饰“I felt better”这个句子，用副词，所以gradual改成gradually。
第八处：考查时态。句意：我从这次经历中学到了一个很好的教训:流感不是什么大问题，但如果我们不好好照顾自己，我们可能会变得更糟。描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，所以去掉have。
第九处：考查冠词。句意：我从这次经历中学到了一个很好的教训:流感不是什么大问题，但如果我们不好好照顾自己，我们可能会变得更糟。 特指“这次经历” ，用定冠词，所以an改成the。
第十处：考查连词。句意：我从这次经历中学到了一个很好的教训:流感不是什么大问题，但如果我们不好好照顾自己，我们可能会变得更糟。 “流感不是什么大问题”和“如果我们不好好照顾自己，我们可能会变得更糟”是转折关系，用but连接前后分句，所以although改成but。
52．范文：
Dear Mike,
I’m more than delighted to know that you will introduce Chinese traditional handicrafts to your teachers and classmates, and here let me introduce one of them to you.
Clay figure is a sculpture which is formed with hands by using clay as raw material. Painted in different colors, the figures are quite an art work. The shapes of them are various, including vivid animals and lifelike figures. You can ask the craftsmen to create anything you like, even a figure of yourself. Usually these clay figures are spotted in a local fair or at a tourist spot, where you can get one at a very cheap price.
Hope one day you can come to China and get to know more about Chinese colorful handicrafts.
Yours,
Li Hua
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国笔友Mike写一封邮件，给他介绍一项中国的传统手工艺。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
高兴的：delighted→glad
各种各样的：various→miscellaneous
栩栩如生的：lifelike→lively
不同的：different→diverse
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：Painted in different colors, the figures are quite an art work. The shapes of them are various, including vivid animals and lifelike figures.
拓展句：Painted in different colors, the figures are quite an art work, the shapes of which are various, including vivid animals and lifelike figures.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Clay figure is a sculpture which is formed with hands by using clay as raw material. (运用了which引导的定语从句)
[高分句型2] Painted in different colors, the figures are quite an art work. (运用了过去分词作状语)
山西省太原市第五中学2021届高三下学期第二次模拟考试英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
You’re lost in the woods, in the sea or on the mountain. You have your smart phone with you. At this time, don’t worry as you can use the following apps on your phone to get help.
Boot Print Survival
The Boot Print Survival app can keep track of the last place where you had a cell phone signal. If and when you find yourself lost and without a cell phone signal, just open up Boot Print Survival, which tells you the direction and distance to the last place where you had a signal. Then it’s simply a matter of finding your way back.
Wild Edibles
“Wildman” Steve Brill is an experienced explorer and naturalist who poured his knowledge of wild foods into this handy app. Though humans can go weeks without eating, our bodies work much better with a little food in our stomachs. Out in the wild it can be just as dangerous to eat the wrong thing as to eat nothing, and the Wild Edibles app provides detailed descriptions and pictures of each plant as well as food preparation instructions.
Army Survival
You can’t have too much good information when it comes to saving your life. The Army Survival guide app draws information from a survival guide written by the U.S. Army and covers water, dangerous animals to avoid, and how to find and prepare food. This app has topics like cold weather survival and how to get by in the desert.
SAS Survival Guide
If you’ve gotten to this point, it probably means you’re considering spending at least a night out in nature. The SAS Survival Guide was born as a book written by John Wiseman, a former SAS (British Special Air Service) soldier and instructor. The 400-page book has been translated to both iPhone and Android apps and is full of information on first aid, shelter-building, eating, drinking, and tips to guide you through places like forests, deserts, the sea coast and cold weather environments.
1．How can Boot Print Survival help you out?
A．By helping find your best route forward.
B．By providing a cell phone signal for you.
C．By recording the places you have been to.
D．By guiding you to a place with a cell phone signal.
2．What do Wild Edibles and Army Survival have in common?
A．They have information on food.
B．They offer tips on driving away animals.
C．They can be used to teach cooking at home.
D．They are developed under the guidance of a book.
3．Which app can you turn to if you need to build a place to sleep at night?
A．Boot Print Survival. B．Wild Edibles.
C．Army Survival. D．SAS Survival Guide.
Clocking 16 hours, 46 minutes, nine seconds, the athlete Chris Nikic didn’t finish with the shortest time when he recently completed his first Iron Man Race, but he did quite well.
After swimming 2.4 miles, the 21-year-old Floridian cycled 112 miles. Even after suffering a fall from his bike during the second leg of the race, he called on his inner strength to get back up, keep going and get the job done. And then he ran a 26.2-mile marathon to become the first competitor with Down’s Syndrome (唐氏综合征) in the world to successfully cross the finish line in the history of the Iron Man Race. For his efforts, Nikic also earned himself a place in the Guinness Book of World Records.
“To Nikic, this race was more than just a finish line and a celebration for the success,” his dad said. The race has served as a chance to become one step closer to his goal of living a normal life. It’s about being an example to other kids and families that face similar difficulties. Those with Down’s Syndrome will be prompted to live a life like normal persons.
Nikic trained between four and six hours a day to prepare for the event, and that training paid off.
Goal set and achieved, Nikic posted on Instagram, where he has 33,000 new followers. “Time to set a new and bigger goal for 2021.”
One of Nikic’s biggest fans, all-time tennis great Billie Jean King, tweeted the perfect response: “No limits. No boundaries. Keep dreaming big and going for it!”
As for that medal he won for completing the race, he gifted it to his loving mom. With hope of competing in the 2022 Special Olympics scheduled in Orlando, it looks as if Chris Nikic has plenty of big dreams yet to come true.
4．What did Nikic’s performance during Iron Man Race prove?
A．He is strong. B．He is confident. C．He is kind. D．He is careful.
5．What does the underlined word “prompted” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Praised. B．Surprised. C．Supported. D．Encouraged.
6．Why did Billie Jean King write those words?
A．He wanted to make Nikic famous.
B．He wanted to encourage Nikic.
C．He wanted to show respect for Nikic.
D．He wanted to show his relationship with Nikic.
7．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Chris Nikic encourages people to exercise
B．Chris Nikic won first place in Iron Man Race
C．Athlete with Down’s Syndrome makes history
D．Special Iron Man Race was held for special athletes
TAP into TV visited one of the last remaining pencil factories in America: Musgrave Pencil Company in Shelbyville, Tennessee. Although there are changes in American manufacturing and the technology is developing fast, Musgrave is still a healthy business. They spoke with Henry Hulan of Musgrave about how pencils are made, the long history of pencil-making in Central Tennessee, and the lasting popularity of the pencil in the digital era.
Henry Hulan is the grandson of the founder of Musgrave Pencil Co., James Musgrave, who is commonly referred to as “Colonel Musgrave”. James Musgrave founded the company in 1916.
James developed an innovative way to make pencils: the pencil slat. Grooves (凹槽) are cut into thin pieces of wood called slats, graphite (石墨) cores are laid into the grooves, and lastly, another grooved slat is glued on top. All three layers are pressed together, then shaved and separated into individual pencils.
Interestingly, Musgrave did not use wood from trees at first. “A lot of people don’t know it but we were probably one of the first people that did any kind of recycling,” Hulan said. Colonel Musgrave bought cedar rail fences (雪松栅栏) from farmers who were transitioning (转变) to fences made of modern materials. “We did not cut a tree,” Hulan added. Those fences were made of Tennessee Red Cedar, plentiful in the area, and were the perfect material for pencils.
As other pencil companies in Central Tennessee closed and business moved to other states or overseas, Musgrave has been able to keep open, employing local workers and putting out a quality, American-made product. Through a combination of strategic management decisions, long-term employees and loyal customers, they’ve been successful. Recently there’s been a growing demand for pencils in the digital era. “Pencils are special.
People like them because they are wood — not plastic. The feel and the look of a pencil are just one of those things that will never be replaced,” Hulan said.
8．What do we know about Musgrave Pencil Co.?
A．It was established by Henry Hulan. B．It has a history of over 100 years.
C．It made pencils in a traditional way. D．It popularized pencils around the US.
9．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．The importance of grooves for pencil making.
B．The modern techniques of making pencil slats.
C．Musgrave Pencil Co.’s way of making pencils.
D．James Musgrave’s suggestions for pencil-making.
10．What did Musgrave Pencil Co. do to make pencils?
A．It cut down many trees. B．It paid farmers to plant cedars.
C．It made use of recycled fences. D．It took advantage of modern materials.
11．What can we infer about Musgrave Pencil Co. from the last but one paragraph?
A．It’s known for its unique management.
B．It’s the top pencil company in the US.
C．It prefers to employ local people.
D．It stands out from its competitors.
The world’s glaciers are melting. Each year, they become smaller in size as ice breaks off and floats away. These giant pieces of ice also hold very old viruses and bacteria and as the ice melts, some of them may be waking up.
In 2015, scientists took ice from a 15,000-year-old glacier in Tibet, hoping to learn more about the history of life in the area. What was the result? The scientists found 28 new viruses frozen in the ice. Experts think they can learn a lot from these ancient viruses. They hope to find out how viruses and bacteria survive and this may help future people as new viruses turn up in the Earth’s changing climate. However, others worry whether these viruses and bacteria could cause sickness in humans. As yet, the viruses found in the Tibetan glacier seem to only infect amoebas, a very small living animal, they may not be a threat to people. But melting ice elsewhere in the world might be a different story.
In 2016, parts of Siberia saw a heat wave. The higher temperatures caused melting of soil that normally stays frozen year-round. As the ground warmed, bacteria escaped, which caused a sudden start of a serious disease in the area. In 2017, a teacher in Alaska came home from a trip with a skin infection. He visited his doctor. That’s when he learned that the infection was caused by bacteria from melted sea animal bodies. The bacteria had been frozen with the animals for many years before infecting him.
How worried should people be about the viruses and bacteria escaping from melting ice? Most experts aren’t ringing the alarm bells, yet. Instead, scientists worry that many viruses and bacteria will be lost as the ice melts, and so do the learning chances. Is there any hope of saving the world’s glaciers? Most experts say no — the planet has already warmed too much.
12．What do we know about the viruses and bacteria in glaciers?
A．They will not be harmful to humans.
B．They only threaten small living animals.
C．They have stayed in ice for over 15,000 years.
D．Studying them helps humans in the long run.
13．What does the teacher’s experience show?
A．Sea animal bodies are very common in ice.
B．Climate change can cause disease indirectly.
C．Some bacteria are safe for animals.
D．It’s easy to suffer a skin infection.
14．What do experts care more about according to the last paragraph?
A．Having no ways to stop climate change.
B．Being unable to save the world’s glaciers.
C．Losing the chances to study the viruses and bacteria.
D．Helping the people infected with viruses and bacteria.
15．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Ancient bacteria’s and viruses’ waking up causes worry.
B．Ancient bacteria and viruses are trapped in melting ice.
C．What can we do to protect the environment?
D．What can scientists learn from glaciers?
二、七选五
If you are always successful, you may not learn much. 16． Scientists have found that being wrong 15 percent of the time is the secret to learning new things. Although nobody likes to fail, scientists have long suspected that people learnt better when they were challenged to learn something just outside of their existing knowledge.
Make a task too hard and participants will give up without learning any new skills, but if it is too easy, they will also not pick up anything useful. 17． To find out where the “sweet spot” lies, researchers at the University of Arizona conducted a series of machine-learning experiments in which they taught computers simple tasks, such as picking whether a number was odd (奇数的) or even (偶数的). 18．
The scientists have named it “The 85 percent rule” and say it could help teachers adapt their classes to the right level. If the teachers give really easy examples, you get 100 percent right all the time. 19． If they give really hard examples, you still won’t learn anything new. Only when you are at this “sweet spot” can you get the most information from each particular example.
20． You shouldn’t be disappointed if you aren’t 100% right all the time. If you are taking classes that are too easy, then you aren’t probably getting as much out of a class as someone who’s struggling but managing to keep up.
A.Accept challenges bravely.
B.Then there’s nothing left to learn.
C.The more difficult the task, the better.
D.In this way, you can maximize your learning.
E.But that “sweet spot” has always been unknown.
F.Some studies have shown that failure is not a bad thing.
G.They found that when the error rate was 15 percent, the computers learnt fastest.
三、完形填空
It seems like just yesterday I was driving my mom to the hairdressers or out to go shopping. She would always sit in the passenger seat, examining her bag 21 .
For a long time, my mom carried a newspaper. The 22 was about a boy going to school. She always told me how she had gone to school with him, but I have no 23 of knowing for sure. My mom had Alzheimers (阿尔茨海默症).
Something about this story 24 with her, so she put the newspaper in her bag. She frequently 25 the things in her bag to make sure it was still inside. She also looked for her 26 , because my dad probably 27 her to make sure she could answer it.
It made me 28 . I shouted at her and told her the more she 29 it and took everything out, the more likely she would be to 30 something. But none of that 31 .She always had her 32 .
Finally, she stopped worrying about the bag 33 . She put it down one day and never picked it up again. I found her bag lying on the kitchen table one day and it 34 me. I never thought I would be so sad to 35 this bag. It caused me so much 36 for so long, but there I was, crying at the sight of it.
This bag symbolizes a time when my mom was able to get into the 37 and go out with me. I wish I could go back in time to a day when my mom held the 38 bag in her arms.
Whatever you’re going through right now and whatever your 39 is you’re going to 40 the thing that drives you mad someday.
21．A．nervously B．shyly C．carelessly D．impatiently
22．A．result B．story C．experience D．cause
23．A．courage B．time C．goal D．way
24．A．agreed B．met C．stuck D．started
25．A．saved up B．went through C．packed up D．gave out
26．A．cellphone B．seat C．bag D．tablet
27．A．allowed B．promised C．reminded D．expected
28．A．hopeless B．sorry C．bored D．crazy
29．A．opened B．washed C．removed D．kept
30．A．forget B．regret C．lose D．overlook
31．A．returned B．repeated C．disappeared D．worked
32．A．plan B．worry C．excuse D．wish
33．A．completely B．happily C．first D．deeply
34．A．moved B．excited C．broke D．surprised
35．A．describe B．remember C．see D．accept
36．A．doubt B．harm C．fear D．displeasure
37．A．car B．bus C．ship D．plane
38．A．heavy B．old C．nice D．popular
39．A．solution B．difficulty C．belief D．advantage
40．A．avoid B．forgive C．enjoy D．miss
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
May 15 (UPI)—China landed a rover (火星车) on the surface of Mars for 41． first time on Saturday, the China 42． (nation) Space Administration announced.
The Tianwen-1 orbiter launched from the island province of Hainan 43． July 23 and entered Mars orbit in February. The rover, Zhurong, 44． is named after the Chinese god of fire, set down on the red planet on Saturday morning.
China is the second country after the United States 45． (place) a rover on the surface of Mars. The former Soviet Union landed a probe on Mars in 1971, but lost contact immediately.
The rover descended (下降) from the orbiter via entry capsule, 46． (lower) by parachute before jettisoning (投弃) its outer shield and using a retrorocket (反向火箭) to land. Geng Yan, with the Lunar Exploration and Space Program Center at the CNSA, said the rover’s descent took about 9 minutes and 47． (perform) autonomously.
“Each step had only one chance, and the actions were 48． (close) linked. If there had been any flaw, the landing 49． (fail),” he told state-run media Xinhua.
The rover will spend three months searching for 50． (sign) of water and ice on Mars.
五、短文改错
51．文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I caught the flu as a result the recent continuous rain. Ignoring my family’s advices, I still went to school, hoped that the flu would disappear itself. However, I seemed to go from bad to worst. I had a runny nose all the time. Everybody wanted to come near me. The school doctor told me to rest more and gave me some medicine. A nurse give me an injection; it was really hurt! I took the medicine regularly and gradual I felt better. I have learned a good lesson from an experience: The flu is not a big deal, although if we don’t take good care of ourselves, we may take a turn for the worse.
六、其他应用文
52．假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Mike说他们学校最近在开展一项有关外国文化的活动，他希望你能给他介绍一项中国的传统手工艺（handicraft），以便于他在活动上介绍，请就此给Mike写一封邮件。内容如下：
1. 很高兴帮忙；
2. 介绍一项中国的传统手工艺；
3. 希望他有时间来中国亲自了解。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1．C
2．A
3．D
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几款在野外迷路时可以使用的手机应用程序。
1．
细节理解题。根据“Boot Print Survival”部分第一句“The Boot Print Survival app can keep track of the last place where you had a cell phone signal.”(Boot Print Survival应用程序可以追踪你最后一次有手机信号的地方。)和第二句“If and when you find yourself lost and without a cell phone signal, just open up Boot Print Survival, which tells you the direction and distance to the last place where you had a signal.”(如果你发现自己迷路了，没有手机信号，打开Boot Print Survival，它会告诉你到最后一个有信号的地方的方向和距离。)可知，Boot Print Survival通过记录你去过的地方来帮助你。故选C。
2．
细节理解题。根据“Wild Edibles”部分第一句““Wildman” Steve Brill is an experienced explorer and naturalist who poured his knowledge of wild foods into this handy app.”(“野人”史蒂夫·布里尔是一位经验丰富的探险家和博物学家，他把自己关于野生食物的知识倾注到这个方便的应用程序中。)和“Army Survival”部分第二句“The Army Survival guide app draws information from a survival guide written by the U.S. Army and covers water, dangerous animals to avoid, and how to find and prepare food.”(陆军生存指南应用程序从美国陆军编写的生存指南中提取信息，包括水、避免危险动物，以及如何寻找和准备食物。)可知，“Wild Edibles”和“Army Survival”的共同之处是它们有关于食物的信息。故选A。
3．
细节理解题。根据“SAS Survival Guide”部分第一句“If you’ve gotten to this point, it probably means you’re considering spending at least a night out in nature.”(如果你已经做到了这一点，这可能意味着你正在考虑在大自然中度过至少一个晚上。)和第三句“The 400-page book has been translated to both iPhone and Android apps and is full of information on first aid, shelter-building, eating, drinking, and tips to guide you through places like forests, deserts, the sea coast and cold weather environments.”(这本长达400页的书已被翻译成iPhone和Android应用程序，内容包括急救、搭建避难所、饮食以及在森林、沙漠、海岸和寒冷天气环境中指导你的小贴士。)可知，如果你需要建一个晚上睡觉的地方，你可以求助于“SAS Survival Guide”应用程序。故选D。
4．A
5．D
6．B
7．C
【分析】
这是一篇新闻报道。运动员克里斯·尼克的成绩是16小时46分9秒，他最近第一次完成了钢铁侠赛跑，虽然不是最短的，但他做得很好，成为世界上第一个在钢铁侠比赛的历史上成功地冲过终点线的患有唐氏综合症的选手。
4．
推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“The race has served as a chance to become one step closer to his goal of living a normal life.”(这次比赛给了他一个机会，让他向过上正常生活的目标又迈进了一步。)第二段最后一句“For his efforts, Nikic also earned himself a place in the Guinness Book of World Records.”(由于他的努力，尼克也为自己在吉尼斯世界纪录中赢得了一席之地。)可知，尼克在钢铁侠比赛中的表现证明了他的强大。故选A。
5．
词句猜测题。根据第三段第三句“It’s about being an example to other kids and families that face similar difficulties.”(而是为其他面临类似困难的孩子和家庭做一个榜样。)可知，尼克的成功为为其他面临类似困难的孩子和家庭提供了动力，努力过上正常人的生活。所以prompted意为“被鼓励”。故选D。
6．
推理判断题。根据倒第二段中的“One of Nikic’s biggest fans”(尼克最大的粉丝之一)和“No limits. No boundaries. Keep dreaming big and going for it!”(没有限制。没有边界。保持远大的梦想并为之奋斗！)可知，Billie Jean King写下这些话是为了鼓励尼克。故选B。
7．
主旨大意题。结合全文内容，尤其是根据第二段第三句“And then he ran a 26.2-mile marathon to become the first competitor with Down’s Syndrome (唐氏综合征) in the world to successfully cross the finish line in the history of the Iron Man Race.”(然后他跑了26.2英里的马拉松成为世界上第一个在钢铁侠比赛的历史上成功地冲过终点线的患有唐氏综合症的选手。)可知，文章主要是讲一个患有唐氏综合症的运动员创造了历史。故选C。
8．B
9．C
10．C
11．D
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。TAP into TV参观了美国仅存的铅笔工厂之一：田纳西州谢尔比维尔的马斯格雷夫铅笔公司。他们与马斯格雷夫的亨利·胡兰谈论了铅笔的制造过程、田纳西州中部铅笔制造的悠久历史以及铅笔在数字时代的持久流行。
8．
细节理解题。根据第二段“Henry Hulan is the grandson of the founder of Musgrave Pencil Co., James Musgrave, who is commonly referred to as “Colonel Musgrave”. James Musgrave founded the company in 1916.”(亨利胡兰是马斯格雷夫铅笔公司创始人詹姆斯马斯格雷夫的孙子，他通常被称为“马斯格雷夫上校”。詹姆斯·马斯格雷夫于1916年创立了这家公司。)可知，马斯格雷夫铅笔公司于1916年创立，所以迄今有一百多年的历史。故选B。
9．
主旨大意题。根据第三段第一句“James developed an innovative way to make pencils: the pencil slat. ”(詹姆斯发明了一种创新的制作铅笔的方法：铅笔板。)可知，第三段主要是讲马斯格雷夫铅笔公司生产铅笔的方法。故选C。
10．
细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“A lot of people don’t know it but we were probably one of the first people that did any kind of recycling”(很多人都不知道，但我们可能是最早进行回收的人之一)，第三句“Colonel Musgrave bought cedar rail fences (雪松栅栏) from farmers who were transitioning (转变) to fences made of modern materials.”(马斯格雷夫上校从农民那里购买了雪松围栏，他们正在向现代材料的围栏过渡。)和最后一句“Those fences were made of Tennessee Red Cedar, plentiful in the area, and were the perfect material for pencils.”(那些篱笆是用田纳西红雪松做的，这种杉在这个地区很多，是做铅笔的最佳材料。)可知，马斯格雷夫铅笔公司利用回收篱笆生产铅笔。故选C。
11．
推理判断题。根据倒第二段第一句和第二句“As other pencil companies in Central Tennessee closed and business moved to other states or overseas, Musgrave has been able to keep open, employing local workers and putting out a quality, American-made product. Through a combination of strategic management decisions, long-term employees and loyal customers, they’ve been successful.”(当田纳西州中部的其他铅笔公司倒闭，业务转移到其他州或海外时，马斯格雷夫却能够继续经营，雇佣当地工人，生产出高质量的美国制造产品。通过战略管理决策、长期员工和忠诚客户的结合，他们取得了成功。)可知，马斯格雷夫铅笔公司在竞争对手中脱颖而出。故选D。
12．D
13．B
14．C
15．A
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。介绍了世界上的冰川正在融化。冰川融化的同时，冰块中也含有非常古老的病毒和细菌，随着冰的融化，其中一些可能正在苏醒。
12．
细节理解题。根据第二段第四五句“Experts think they can learn a lot from these ancient viruses. They hope to find out how viruses and bacteria survive and this may help future people as new viruses turn up in the Earth’s changing climate.( 。专家认为他们可以从这些古老的病毒中学到很多东西。他们希望找出病毒和细菌是如何生存的，这可能会帮助未来的人类，因为新的病毒在地球变化的气候中出现)”可知，科学家认为他们通过对冰川中冰冻的细菌病毒的研究，可以为未来的人们有帮助。D项Studying them helps humans in the long run.表示“从长远来看，研究它们有助于人类。”符合文章内容。故选D项。
13．
推理判断题。根据第三段前三句“In 2016, parts of Siberia saw a heat wave. The higher temperatures caused melting of soil that normally stays frozen year-round. As the ground warmed, bacteria escaped, which caused a sudden start of a serious disease in the area.( 2016年，西伯利亚部分地区遭遇了热浪。更高的温度导致了通常常年冰冻的土壤融化。随着地面变暖，细菌逃逸，导致该地区突然开始出现一种严重的疾病)”可知，是全球变暖导致冰川融化，导致冰冻的病毒细菌复活引发疾病，结合第4-6句“In 2017, a teacher in Alaska came home from a trip with a skin infection. He visited his doctor. That’s when he learned that the infection was caused by bacteria from melted sea animal bodies. The bacteria had been frozen with the animals for many years before infecting him.( 2017年，阿拉斯加一名教师旅行回家时皮肤感染。他去看医生。就在那时，他得知感染是由融化的海洋动物体内的细菌引起的)”这位教师的经历正验证了上文说法，他是由融化的海洋动物体内的病毒引发了皮肤病。由此可以推断，气候变化可以间接引发疾病。故选B项。
14．
细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句“Instead, scientists worry that many viruses and bacteria will be lost as the ice melts, and so do the learning chances.( 相反，科学家担心许多病毒和细菌会随着冰的融化而消失，学习的机会也会随之消失。)”其中so do the learning chances.相当于the learning chances will be lost too.科学家担心，研究这些病毒的机会会失去。故选C项。
15．
主旨大意题。根据第一段“The world’s glaciers are melting. Each year, they become smaller in size as ice breaks off and floats away. These giant pieces of ice also hold very old viruses and bacteria and as the ice melts, some of them may be waking up.( 世界上的冰川正在融化。每年，它们的体积都会变小，因为冰块脱落并漂走了。冰川融化的同时，冰块中也含有非常古老的病毒和细菌，随着冰的融化，其中一些可能正在苏醒)”，这是文章的主题句，引出文章主题表示全球变暖，冰川内古老病毒和细菌会引发疾病，让人担忧。故选A项。
16．F
17．E
18．G
19．B
20．A
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。科学家们发现，学习新事物的秘诀就是错误率达到15%。
16．
根据后文“Scientists have found that being wrong 15 percent of the time is the secret to learning new things. Although nobody likes to fail, scientists have long suspected that people learnt better when they were challenged to learn something just outside of their existing knowledge.”(科学家们发现，学习新事物的秘诀就是错误率达到15%。虽然没有人愿意失败，但科学家们长期以来一直怀疑，当人们受到挑战去学习现有知识之外的东西时，他们会学得更好。)可知，此处是讲科学家们发现失败并不是坏事情，所以选项F“一些研究表明，失败并不是一件坏事。”切合文意。故选F。
17．
根据后文“To find out where the “sweet spot” lies, researchers at the University of Arizona conducted a series of machine-learning experiments in which they taught computers simple tasks, such as picking whether a number was odd (奇数的) or even (偶数的).”(为了找出“最佳点”在哪里，亚利桑那大学的研究人员进行了一系列机器学习实验，他们让计算机完成一些简单的任务，比如选择一个数字是奇数还是偶数。)可知，此处是指“最佳点”尚未可知，所以选项E“但这个‘最佳点’一直是未知的。”切合文意。故选E。
18．
根据后文“The scientists have named it “The 85 percent rule” and say it could help teachers adapt their classes to the right level.”(科学家将其命名为“85%规则”，并表示这可以帮助教师调整他们的课程以适应正确的水平。)可知，实验的结果是“85%规则”，对应选项G中的“15 percent”。根据前文“To find out where the “sweet spot” lies, researchers at the University of Arizona conducted a series of machine-learning experiments in which they taught computers simple tasks, such as picking whether a number was odd (奇数的) or even (偶数的).”(为了找出“最佳点”在哪里，亚利桑那大学的研究人员进行了一系列机器学习实验，他们让计算机完成一些简单的任务，比如选择一个数字是奇数还是偶数。)可知，这项研究的研究对象是计算机。所以选项G“他们发现错误率为15%时，计算机学习速度最快。”切合文意。故选G。
19．
根据前文“if it is too easy, they will also not pick up anything useful”(如果太容易，他们也不会学到任何有用的东西)可知，此处是讲如果太容易，就没有什么可以学习的东西，所以选项B“那就没什么好学的了。”对应前文“If the teachers give really easy examples, you get 100 percent right all the time.”(如果老师给出非常简单的例子，你总是百分之百正确。)，切合文意。故选B。
20．
根据后文“You shouldn’t be disappointed if you aren’t 100% right all the time.”(如果你不是100%正确，你也不应该失望。)和“If you are taking classes that are too easy, then you aren’t probably getting as much out of a class as someone who’s struggling but managing to keep up.”(如果你选的课程太简单了，那么你从课程中学到的东西可能不如那些努力学习但能跟上进度的人多。)可知，此处是讲要勇敢地接受挑战，所以选项A“勇敢地接受挑战。”切合文意。故选A。
21．A
22．B
23．D
24．C
25．B
26．A
27．C
28．D
29．A
30．C
31．D
32．B
33．A
34．C
35．C
36．D
37．A
38．B
39．B
40．D
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。作者的母亲得了阿尔茨海默症，每次作者开车带她出去时，她都会频繁地检查包里有没有报纸和手机。这让作者很烦躁。但是后来母亲再也没有拿起这个包。有一天作者在厨房的桌子上看到了这个包，这让作者非常难过，希望能回到从前，回到母亲抱着那个旧包跟自己一起出门的时候。
21．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她总是坐在副驾驶座上，紧张地检查她的包。A.nervously紧张地；B.shyly害羞地；C.carelessly粗心地；D.impatiently不耐烦地。根据“She frequently went through the things in her bag to make sure it was still inside.”(她经常仔细检查她包里的东西，以确保它还在里面。)可知，此处是指紧张地检查她的包。故选A。
22．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个故事是关于一个男孩去上学的。A.result结果；B.story故事；C.experience经历；D.cause原因。根据“Something about this story”(关于这个故事)可知，此处是指这个故事是关于一个男孩去上学的。故选B。
23．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她总是告诉我她是如何和他一起上学的，但我无法确定。A.courage勇气；B.time时间；C.goal目标；D.way方法。根据“of knowing for sure”和“My mom had Alzheimers”(我妈妈有老年痴呆症)可知，此处have no way of doing sth.是指"无法确定做某事"。故选D。
24．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个故事让她无法忘怀，所以她把报纸放在包里。A.agreed同意；B.met遇见；C.stuck粘住；D.started开始。根据“so she put the newspaper in her bag”可知，这个故事让她无法忘怀。stick with意为“紧跟某人”，是指这个故事紧跟着母亲，也就是这个故事让她无法忘怀。故选C。
25．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：她经常仔细检查她包里的东西，以确保它还在里面。A.saved up储蓄；B.went through仔细检查；C.packed up打包；D.gave out分发，发出。根据“to make sure it was still inside”可知，此处是指她经常仔细检查她包里的东西。故选B。
26．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她也在找她的手机，因为我爸爸可能提醒过她一定要接电话。A.cellphone手机；B.seat座位；C.bag包；D.tablet药片。根据“make sure she could answer it”可知，此处是指她也在找她的手机。故选A。
27．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她也在找她的手机，因为我爸爸可能提醒过她一定要接电话。A.allowed允许；B.promised承诺；C.reminded提醒；D.expected期待。根据“her to make sure she could answer it”可知，此处是指爸爸可能提醒过她一定要接电话。故选C。
28．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我都快疯了。A.hopeless绝望的；B.sorry遗憾的；C.bored无聊的；D.crazy疯狂的。根据“I shouted at her”(我对她大吼大叫)和“drives you mad”(让你发疯)可知，此处是指“我”都快疯了。故选D。
29．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我对她大吼大叫，告诉她越打开包，把东西都拿出来，就越有可能丢东西。A.opened打开；B.washed清洗；C.removed移开，拿开；D.kept保持。根据“took everything out”可知，此处是指打开包。故选A。
30．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我对她大吼大叫，告诉她越打开包，把东西都拿出来，就越有可能丢东西。A.forget忘记；B.regret后悔；C.lose丢失；D.overlook忽略。根据“make sure it was still inside”可知，妈妈频繁检查包里的东西是为了确保没有丢失报纸和手机，所以此处是指越有可能丢东西。故选C。
31．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这些都不起作用。A.returned返回；B.repeated重复；C.disappeared消失；D.worked起作用。根据转折词but可知，此处是指“我”说的话没有用。故选D。
32．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她总是忧心忡忡。A.plan计划；B.worry担忧；C.excuse借口；D.wish愿望。根据“she stopped worrying”(她不再担心)可知，此处是指她总是忧心忡忡。故选B。
33．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，她完全不再担心这个包了。A.completely完全地；B.happily高兴地；C.first首先；D.deeply深深地。根据“She put it down one day and never picked it up again.”(有一天她把它放下，再也没拿起来。)可知，此处是指她完全不再担心这个包了。故选A。
34．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天，我发现她的包躺在厨房的桌子上，它使我很难过。A.moved感动；B.excited使兴奋；C.broke使难过；D.surprised使惊讶。根据“there I was, crying at the sight of it”可知，我发现她的包躺在厨房的桌子上，它使我很难过。故选C。
35．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我从没想过我看到这个包会这么难过。A.describe描述；B.remember记得；C.see看见；D.accept接受。根据“I found her bag lying on the kitchen table one day”可知，此处是指看到这个包。故选C。
36．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它使我不快了好长一段时间，但我还是在那儿，一看到它就哭了。A.doubt怀疑；B.harm伤害；C.fear害怕；D.displeasure不愉快。根据“It made me crazy.”可知，它使“我”不快了好长一段时间。故选D。
37．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个包象征着我妈妈能够上车和我一起出去的那个时候。A.car汽车；B.bus公交车；C.ship船；D.plane飞机。根据“It seems like just yesterday I was driving my mom to the hairdressers or out to go shopping.”(感觉就像昨天，我开车送妈妈去理发店或者出去购物。)可知，此处是指妈妈能够上车。故选A。
38．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望我能回到从前，回到妈妈抱着那个旧包的那一天。A.heavy沉重的；B.old旧的；C.nice美好的；D.popular流行的。根据“It caused me so much displeasure for so long”可知，这个包已经使用了很久，而且那段时间也过去了很久，所以是旧包。故选B。
39．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论你现在正在经历什么，无论你有什么困难，你都会在某天想念让你发疯的事情。A.solution解决方案；B.difficulty困难；C.belief相信，信赖；D.advantage优势。根据“the thing that drives you mad”可知，此处是指无论你现在有什么困难。故选B。
40．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论你现在正在经历什么，无论你有什么困难，你都会在某天想念让你发疯的事情。A.avoid避免；B.forgive原谅；C.enjoy享受；D.miss想念。根据“I wish I could go back in time to a day when my mom held the old bag in her arms.”可知，此处是指想念让你发疯的事情。故选D。
41．the
42．National
43．on
44．which
45．to place
46．lowering
47．was performed
48．closely
49．would have failed
50．signs
【分析】
这是一篇新闻报道。5月15日(合众国际社)——中国国家航天局宣布，周六，中国的一辆火星车首次在火星表面着陆。
41．
考查固定搭配。句意：5月15日(合众国际社)——中国国家航天局宣布，周六，中国的一辆火星车首次在火星表面着陆。for the first time意为“第一次”，为固定搭配。所以应用定冠词the。故填the。
42．
考查形容词。句意：5月15日(合众国际社)——中国国家航天局宣布，周六，中国的一辆月球车首次在火星表面着陆。修饰名词Administration应用形容词，形容词national意为“国家的”，根据“Space Administration”可知，首字母应大写。故填National。
43．
考查介词。句意：7月23日，“天问一号”探测器从海南省发射升空，于今年2月进入火星轨道。根据“July 23”可知，此处是指在具体的某一天，应用介词on。故填on。
44．
考查定语从句。句意：这辆火星车“祝融”以中国火神命名，于周六上午登陆火星。在非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为rover，所以应用关系代词which。故填which。
45．
考查不定式。句意：中国是继美国之后第二个在火星表面发射探测器的国家。当名词被序数词修饰时，应用不定式作后置定语。故填to place。
46．
考查现在分词。句意：火星车通过进入舱从轨道飞行器中降落，通过降落伞降落，然后丢弃外层护罩，并使用减速火箭着陆。动词lower意为“降落”，和谓语动词之间没有连词，且和主语rover构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词作状语。故填lowering。
47．
考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：中国国家航天局火星探测与空间计划中心的耿雁表示，火星车的下降耗时约9分钟，是自动完成的。根据“the rover’s descent took about 9 minutes”可知，此处应用一般过去时。动词perform意为“完成”，和主语the rover’s descent构成被动关系。且主语为第三人称单数。故填was performed。
48．
考查副词。句意：每一步都只有一次机会，而且这些行动是紧密相连的。修饰动词linked应用副词。故填closely。
49．
考查虚拟语气。句意：如果有任何缺陷，着陆就会失败。根据“If there had been any flaw”可知，此处是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以主句中应用would have done。过去的事实是着陆成功了，所以虚拟语气应为“着陆就会失败”。故填would have failed。
50．
考查名词复数。句意：探测器将花三个月的时间在火星上寻找水和冰的迹象。根据“water and ice”可知，此处是指很多迹象，sign为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填signs。
51．第一处： result后面加of
第二处： advices→advice
第三处： hoped→hoping
第四处： worst→worse
第五处： Everybody→Nobody
第六处： give→gave
第七处： gradual→gradually
第八处：去掉have
第九处： an→the
第十处： although→but
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了作者从自己生病的经历中学到了一个很好的教训:流感不是什么大问题，但如果我们不好好照顾自己，我们可能会变得更糟。
【详解】
第一处：考查固定用法。句意：由于最近连续下雨，我得了流感。 as a result结果，as a result of由于，这里表示“由于最近连续下雨”，应用as a result of。所以result后面加of。
第二处：考查名词。句意：我没有听从家人的建议，仍然去上学，希望流感会自己消失。advice是不可数名词，没有复数形式，所以advices改成advice。
第三处：考查非谓语动词。句意：我没有听从家人的建议，仍然去上学，希望流感会自己消失。分析句子结构，“hoped that the flu would disappear itself.”应是分词作状语，“希望”与其逻辑主语“我”之间是主动关系，用现在分词，所以hoped改成hoping。
第四处：考查固定短语。句意：然而，我的情况似乎越来越糟。bad to worse每况愈下，是固定短语，所以worst改成worse。
第五处：考查代词。句意：没有人愿意靠近我。根据上文“I had a runny nose all the time.”（我一直流鼻涕）结合生活常识可知，没有人愿意靠近我，怕被传染，所以Everybody改成Nobody。
第六处：考查时态。句意：护士给我打了一针。描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，所以give改成gave。
第七处：考查副词。句意：我定期吃药，渐渐地我感觉好多了。修饰“I felt better”这个句子，用副词，所以gradual改成gradually。
第八处：考查时态。句意：我从这次经历中学到了一个很好的教训:流感不是什么大问题，但如果我们不好好照顾自己，我们可能会变得更糟。描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，所以去掉have。
第九处：考查冠词。句意：我从这次经历中学到了一个很好的教训:流感不是什么大问题，但如果我们不好好照顾自己，我们可能会变得更糟。 特指“这次经历” ，用定冠词，所以an改成the。
第十处：考查连词。句意：我从这次经历中学到了一个很好的教训:流感不是什么大问题，但如果我们不好好照顾自己，我们可能会变得更糟。 “流感不是什么大问题”和“如果我们不好好照顾自己，我们可能会变得更糟”是转折关系，用but连接前后分句，所以although改成but。
52．范文：
Dear Mike,
I’m more than delighted to know that you will introduce Chinese traditional handicrafts to your teachers and classmates, and here let me introduce one of them to you.
Clay figure is a sculpture which is formed with hands by using clay as raw material. Painted in different colors, the figures are quite an art work. The shapes of them are various, including vivid animals and lifelike figures. You can ask the craftsmen to create anything you like, even a figure of yourself. Usually these clay figures are spotted in a local fair or at a tourist spot, where you can get one at a very cheap price.
Hope one day you can come to China and get to know more about Chinese colorful handicrafts.
Yours,
Li Hua
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国笔友Mike写一封邮件，给他介绍一项中国的传统手工艺。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
高兴的：delighted→glad
各种各样的：various→miscellaneous
栩栩如生的：lifelike→lively
不同的：different→diverse
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：Painted in different colors, the figures are quite an art work. The shapes of them are various, including vivid animals and lifelike figures.
拓展句：Painted in different colors, the figures are quite an art work, the shapes of which are various, including vivid animals and lifelike figures.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Clay figure is a sculpture which is formed with hands by using clay as raw material. (运用了which引导的定语从句)
[高分句型2] Painted in different colors, the figures are quite an art work. (运用了过去分词作状语)
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