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上海市普陀区2021-2022学年高三上学期一模英语试题
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这是一份上海市普陀区2021-2022学年高三上学期一模英语试题，共27页。试卷主要包含了用单词的适当形式完成短文，选用适当的单词或短语补全短文，完形填空，阅读理解，六选四，概要写作，汉译英，其他应用文等内容，欢迎下载使用。
上海市普陀区2021-2022学年高三上学期一模考试英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、用单词的适当形式完成短文
Directions: After reading the passage below; fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Billionaires Race to Space
In late July 2021, Jeff Bezos achieved an out-of-this-world ambition. The billionaire founder of Amazon 1． (fly) to the edge of space—62 miles (100 kilometers) above Earth’s surface—on a rocket designed by his company Blue Origin.
“Best day ever,” Bezos said over the radio to mission control after landing safely back on Earth, 2．others weren’t so impressed. They called the mission an enormous waste of money. Bezos, they argued, 3．be spending his billions to improve things on Earth.
Bezos wasn’t the first billionaire to set his sights on space. Nor was he the first 4． (criticize) about wasting enormous personal wealth. A week 5．the Amazon founder made history, business owner Richard Branson did, too. Branson became the first person to fly to space on a rocket he helped fund, 6． (develop) by his company Virgin Galactic.
Critics say that the money 7． (go) toward commercial space travel would be better spent on 8．they see as more important pursuits. These include working to cure diseases, reducing poverty, and helping to solve the climate crisis. Besides, launching spacecrafts is harmful to the planet, critics declare. 9．naturalist Holly Haworth pointed out in Sierra magazine, “traveling in rockets is arguably the most carbon-emitting thing an individual can do.”
But supporters of commercial space travel argue that it does benefit humanity. Personal funds 10． (put) toward high-paying jobs and a new industry. That’s money they could have spent on new limousines or villas for themselves, supporters say. Plus, their companies are investing in new technologies that increase access to space and drive innovation in other areas as well.
二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．displaced B．feature C．grouped D．headlines E. house F. inevitable
G. neutral H. projected I. solution J. sustainable K. withstand
Floating Cities: The Wave of the Future?
Rainwater pouring into the New York City subway. Towns and roads in Pennsylvania overtaken by floodwater. These dramatic scenes made 11． in September 2021. As many as 40.5 million people have already been 12． by the effects of the climate crisis. Rising sea levels, along with extreme flooding, are putting more and more coastal residents and others at risk. By 2050, more than 1 billion people will live in countries that lack the basic systems and services to 13． sea-level rise, according to the Institute for Economics and Peace. And all these climate refugees will need to seek out new homes on dry land.
One 14． architects and others have been exploring with more urgency in recent years is to build floating cities. In 2019, the United Nations brought together a group of innovators, scientists, and marine engineers to discuss the future of 15． sea-based communities. "As our climate and water ecosystems are changing, the way our cities retake to water needs to change, too." said U.N. Deputy Secretary-General Amina J. Mohammed. "Floating cities are a means of ensuring climate adaption, as buildings can rise along with the sea."
These cities can be designed as climate 16． . They can take advantage of plentiful wind and water power for electricity, and grow food using hydroponics（水耕法）. "From traditional houseboat communities to high-tech experiments, there are many examples to learn from," she added.
Some of these experimental floating cities are already in development. Another planned community that's attracting a lot of attention is Oceanix City, which is 17． to have one-third of its 118 islands below sea level within 60 years.
Plans for Oceanix City 18． groups of hexagon-shaped（六边形）islands powered by solar and water energy. Tied to the seafloor, each human-made island would 19． around 300 people; the islands would be 20． together in communities of about 10,000 residents. Oceanix citizens would drink processed ocean water and extracted humidity from the air, and dine on a ready supply of seafood.
三、完形填空
Imagine sitting inside a windowless train that's shooting through a tube at twice the speed of an airplane. Your train has no wheels, produces no 21 , makes its own electricity, and isn't affected by bad weather. This is the hyperloop, a new vision for the world's 22 , safest, and greenest form of transportation. Many have 23 this new technology, but others say the hyperloop vision is just a bunch of hot air.
Hyperloop developers plan to use the properties of magnets to float, stabilize, and drive the capsules or pods for hundreds of miles through 24 tubes. Without air or ground to slow down the vehicles, what was once a five-hour journey would become a half-hour excursion, engineers promise.
Supporters of the technology promote additional 25 of transporting passengers and cargo by hyperloop. For example, they firmly state that unlike other city-to-city transport that's 26 , such as planes or trains, hyperloop vehicles would leave as needed, like Ubers and taxis. While the 27 would hold only 28 to 50 passengers each, developers plan for them to depart stations in groups every minute or so which they say could amount to shuttling 50,000 people an hour. That's more than twice the passenger 28 of the world's fastest trains.
Developers also say that hyperloop tubes would be 29 so they wouldn't interfere with other traffic or threaten wildlife. And tubes would be covered with solar panels to power the hyperloop's systems. 30 , advocates regard the hyperloop as the transportation choice for the future.
But not everyone is on board. Engineers have calculated that the high-speed vehicles will need to make much wider turns than currently envisioned, and otherwise they won't be 31 for passengers. This would add several miles to the proposed tube tracks, Engineers also say planners haven't included enough time for vehicles to safely brake and take off at stations. Some engineers believe it will take much longer than claimed to pump the 32 out of the tubes before each vehicle's departure. Critics thus say hyperloops can't go as fast or serve as many passengers per hour as advertised, making them 33 existing high-speed transportation options.
Hyperloop companies say they're 34 these concerns. They claim that they can safely maintain high speeds by having the vehicles bank around the turns as a plane does. And their hyperloops will rely on the split-second reaction times of a computer to 35 vehicles quickly, frequently, and safely.
21．A．pollution B．sound C．energy D．wind
22．A．cleanest B．lightest C．latest D．fastest
23．A．adapted B．exploited C．embraced D．developed
24．A．totally hollow B．nearly airless C．steadily narrow D．highly flexible
25．A．advantages B．costs C．qualities D．situations
26．A．in constant demands B．on strict timetables
C．in changeable states D．on essential services
27．A．cabins B．lorries C．tubes D．vehicles
28．A．fare B．capacity C．speed D．comfort
29．A．underground B．parallel C．elevated D．shared
30．A．However B．Therefore C．Beside D．Otherwise
31．A．available B．economic C．easy D．safe
32．A．force B．air C．heat D．water
33．A．most popular of B．superior to
C．no better than D．least profitable of
34．A．addressing B．causing C．voicing D．releasing
35．A．ride B．pilot C．park D．alert
四、阅读理解
Frida Kahlo was one of the most influential Latin American figures of the 20th century. As the daughter of a German father and a Mexican mother, she was born on July 6, 1907. She grew up in Coyoacan, on the outskirts of Mexico City.
When she was seven, a viral disease called polio made her very sick, weakening the muscles in her right leg. While in school, Kahlo witnessed a number of bloody struggles between armed groups in Mexico City during the Mexican Revolution. It was essentially a fight for better living conditions for the disadvantaged. Because of her experiences in Mexico City, Kahlo became a strong supporter of peasants' rights. Later, in 1925, she was in a bus accident that broke her backbone, dislocated her shoulder, and caused other terrible injuries.
To relieve the boredom of recovery and to help deal with the pain and sadness of the accident, she began to paint. In her paintings, Kahlo really explored her identity. Her Work deals wither status as a woman, her mixed ancestry, her turbulent marriage to Mexican communist painter Diego Rivera, the pain of her injuries, and her commitment to revolutionary politics. Many people consider her paintings examples of surrealism, since much of what she painted was fantastical, but Kahlo never considered herself a surrealist. Kahlo's work is unique because she took the bright colors and dramatic symbolism of Mexican culture and combined them with traditions from European art.
In the most famous painting called "Two Fridas," she paints two versions of herself, one in traditional Mexican clothes and another in European clothes of an earlier century. A vein (静脉) connects the hearts of the two women, and blood is dripping out from one end. This was painted just after she and Rivera got divorced. If you look closely. you can see that the Mexican Kahlo holds a portrait of Rivera. Symbols such as the exposed hearts and stormy sky suggest the pain that Kahlo felt. Check out how one of the hearts is broken. and the other one's whole. She seems to be suggesting that Rivera only loved the Mexican part of hers.
In a lot of ways, Kahlo had an unhappy life. She died when she was only 47 years old. Her art is filled with sadness, but it also expresses pride in her Mexican heritage and the joy of being a woman.
36．What led Kahlo to support the rights of poor laborers?
A．The fact that her father was a German migrant laborer.
B．The time she spent working as a laborer during the 1920s.
C．Her marriage to the Mexican nationalist painter Diego Rivera.
D．Her experiences in Mexico City during the Mexican Revolution.
37．Place the following events in time order: ①Kahlo was hurt in a bus accident; ②Kahlo witnessed the Mexican Revolution; ③Kahlo began painting.
A．①②③ B．②①③ C．②③① D．③①②
38．The underlined word "turbulent" in Paragraph 3 most probably means________.
A．artistically well-matched B．fantastic and extremely loving
C．filled with dramatic ups and downs D．very politically conscious
39．How were Frida Kahlo's paintings similar to those of the surrealists?
A．They both focused on gender identity. B．They both promoted socialist politics.
C．They both contained dreamlike imagery D．They both combined Mexican and European art.
Aussie Walkabout Experience
Go behind the scenes at Auckland Zoo and come eye to eye with some of our Australian neighbours. Come to the zoo before opening hours and experience the morning sights and sounds. Help the keepers feed the kangaroos and koala in the Aussie Walkabout and take breakfast to a wide variety of birds.
Tour features
●A small group fully accompanied by an experienced guide.
●Your guide will photograph you immersed in your tour. The photos will be recorded onto a complimentary CD, which you will receive at the tour conclusion. A fantastic visual record of your unforgettable experience.
Pricing
Family: $220（2 adults, 2 minors）
Adult: $80
Minor（6-15years）: $40
Tour dates and times
The Aussie Walkabout tour runs on Thursday, Friday and Saturday—departing from the Information Centre at 8:00 am. This tour is approximately an hour and a half in duration—finishing at 9:30.
Important things to know:
◆Group sizes vary from two to four people.
◆The minimum age for this tour is six years old and if you are under fifteen years of age you must be accompanied by a paying adult.
◆You may leave your kids under six with the babysitters at Aussie Fun Nursery next to the Information Center. There is a $10 charge for the service*.（Parental Consent Form required）
◆Wear flat, enclosed shoes and appropriate clothing for the weather conditions.
◆Please do not wear any loose jewellery or red clothing.
*This service is only for those guests the have booked the Aussie Walkabout tour.
Arrival details
Participants must arrive at the zoo by 8:00 am. If you arrive after this time there will be no opportunity to join the group, so please ensure you allow enough time for travelling and parking in the car park near the entrance. Your guide will give the group an initial personal safety briefing before the tour starts. Participants should note this is compulsory.
40．All the participants are required to________.
A．pay for the photos recorded onto a CD
B．attend a talk on security before the tour
C．pick up the guide in the car park near the entrance
D．assist in the feeding of different species during the tour
41．If a couple with their children, aged 5. 8. and 10 want to take part in this activity, how much will they pay?
A．$220. B．$230. C．$260. D．$270.
42．Which of the following is true according to the brochure?
A．There is a free car park for visitors to the zoo.
B．Latecomers will be granted entry to the next tour.
C．A minimum of four people are permitted on each tour.
D．The tour takes place when the zoo is closed to the public
A few years ago, Charles Barkley got into a lot of trouble for making the observation that sports figures didn't need to be role models. Thousands of fans and professional journalists were cross at this attack on the fundamental principle that the person who jumps highest must aim highest and the person who handles the running back must also be able to deal with life's problems with grace as well.
The problem is not that we look to these people for perfection when they take off their uniforms. It's that we expect anyone to be our representatives for perfection. That's stupid and it makes the rest of us down here lazy.
I get the importance of having heroes, the people who inspire us to cultivate the best potential within us and nurture our better angels. I personally have many heroes, from my mother, Lucy, to my favorite law professor, Howard. But these are personal contacts, people who have-actually touched my hand and my heart, and who occupy a pedestal（基座）built of my own experiences and aspirations. To look at an athlete or an actress with high salary and demand that he or she match our dreams is not only a waste of time, but it's dangerous. The danger comes in how this type of hero worship dehumanizes both the object of affection and the person who blindly adores. That was Barkley's point, not that we should give public figures a pass for being faulty but that we shouldn't abandon our own moral compasses and look to them for true north.
Recently on a television program I participated in, the discussion turned to Kathleen Kane. Someone suggested that the fact that the first female attorney general（首席检察官）in Pennsylvania was really messing things up could have unfortunate consequences for women seeking elected office. I offered the opinion that Kane was unquestionably criticized and that it was not hatred towards woman but incompetence at the root of the attacks. After the show aired, I had people emailing to tell me that I was either a traitor（叛徒）for publicly attacking a fellow female when we need to stand together behind this "role model", or a fool for not going a step further to say that this incompetent lawyer had made it harder for all women to move to the next level.
How depressing! Why should the inferior performance of one woman lead to such diverse but passionate views in people? The answer is obvious: Kane has stopped being an attorney general but has instead become The First Female Attorney General. She can't just make a mistake and pay the normal consequences.
If we stopped trying to live our lives through the accomplishments of public figures, many of whom look and sound like us, we'd learn how to recognize the heroic character of those we might actually know, and the heroic potential within ourselves. Or, perhaps, the honesty to accept our ordinary humanity.
43．Many people were angry with Charles Barkley mainly because________.
A．he broke fundamental principles in life B．he was not good enough to be a role model
C．he doubted the perfection of some sports figures D．he thought sports figures could have weaknesses
44．According to Barkley, why is it dangerous to take public figures as heroes?
A．Because we may let go of our own moral standards.
B．Because an athlete or actress cannot match our dreams.
C．Because we blindly admire public figures for their faults.
D．Because we shouldn't waste time imitating public figures.
45．From the passage we can infer that Kathleen Kane was________.
A．unfairly criticized due to being female B．the first female attorney general in the US
C．less qualified than the public had expected D．a role model for women seeking elected office
46．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A．Be Our Representatives for Perfection B．Exploration of Our Own Heroic Potential
C．Our Unrealistic Expectation of Public Figures D．Our Conventional Views of Female Politician
五、六选四
Motivating Employees under Unfavourable Conditions
It is a great deal easier to motivate employees in a growing organization than a declining one. When organizations are expanding, promotional opportunities, pay rises, and the excitement of being associated with a dynamic organization create feelings of optimism. When an organization is shrinking, the best and mobile workers are likely to leave voluntarily. 47． The minor employees remain because their job options are limited.
Morale (士气) also suffers during decline. People fear they may be the next to be made unnecessary. Productivity often Suffers, as employees spend their time sharing rumours and providing one another with moral support rather than focusing on their jobs. 48． Pay cuts, unheard of during times of growth, may even be imposed. The challenge to management is how to motivate employees under such special conditions.
49． For example, if the job is running a small business or an autonomous unit within a larger business, high achievers should be sought. High achievers will do best when the job provides moderately challenging goats and where there is independence and feedback.
The literature on goal-setting theory suggests that managers should ensure that all employees have specific goals and receive comments on how well they are doing in those goals. Regardless of whether goals are achievable or well within management’s perceptions of the employee’s ability, if employees see them as unachievable they will reduce their effort. 50．
Since employees have different needs, managers should use their knowledge of each employee to personalize the rewards over which they have control. Some of the more obvious rewards that managers allocate include pay, promotions and the opportunity to participate in goal-setting and decision-making.
A.There is enough evidence to support the motivational benefits that result from carefully matching people to jobs.
B.For those whose jobs are secure, pay increases are rarely possible.
C.High achievers are motivated by jobs that are high in independence and responsibility.
D.Unfortunately, they are the ones the organization can least afford to lose—those with the highest skills and experience.
E.The answer to that depends on perceptions of goal acceptance and the organization’s culture.
F.Managers must be sure, therefore, that employees feel confident that their efforts can lead to performance goals.
六、概要写作
51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Can Birdsong Make You Happier?
If you are able to step outside and hear many types of birds, you might also have a greater feeling of well-being. Two studies show that hearing diverse birdsongs may help increase our happiness.
One study was done by the researchers at California Polytechnic State University. The team studied the effects of birdsong on people walking through a park in the U.S. state of Colorado. Danielle Ferraro, who led the Cal Poly study, says that there could be an evolutionary reason why we like birdsong. The idea is that when we hear birdsong it could signal safety to us. There could be many other reasons too Ferraro states that in some areas around the world birdsong can also signal the arrival of spring and nice weather. Bird diversity, she adds, can also mean a healthy environment.
Similarly, scientists in Germany examined for the first time whether a diverse nature also increases human well-being across Europe. The researchers looked at the European Quality of Life Survey to study the connection between the different kinds of birds in their surroundings and life satisfaction. They looked at more than 26,000 adults from 26 European countries. “Europeans are particularly satisfied with their lives if their surroundings have a high species diversity,” explains the study’s lead author, Joel Methorst, a researcher at the Goethe University in Frankfurt. He and his team found that the happiest Europeans are those who can experience many different kinds of birds in their daily life, or who live in near-natural surroundings that are home to many species.
So, if birdsong is good for our mental health, how can we increase the different types of birdsongs we hear? Scientists also mentioned, “We would recommend planting native trees and flowers because we have a lot of pretty decorative plants in our cities. And they might look nice to us, but birds can’t necessarily use them. So, we think it important to have species that are native to the area to increase bird diversity.”
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七、汉译英（整句）
52．李华习惯每周日早上帮妈妈拖地板.（rule）(汉译英）
53．在任何情况下，我们都不能自行修理这电烤炉，以免发生危险。（circumstance）(汉译英）
54．回忆起那段收获满满的志愿者经历，他依旧对当时给予他帮助的当地居民心怀感激。（grateful）（汉译英）
55．回到祖国母亲怀抱，她抑制不住内心的激动，说道，“有五星红旗的地方，就有信念的灯塔，如果信念有颜色，那一定是中国红！”（where）(汉译英）
八、其他应用文
56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
近一年来，为了促进学生身心健康和全面发展，学校进一步加强了对学生作业、睡眠、手机、读物、体质五个方面的管理。每一位在校学生都能感受到这项举措带来的变化。《The Teens》杂志社向青少年读者征稿，希望大家能分享这一举措在各校的具体落实情况。假设你是明启中学高三学生李华，请就其中一个方面的管理描述自己的经历并发表对此的看法。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1．flew
2．while
3．should
4．to be criticized
5．before
6．developed
7．going
8．what
9．The
10．are put
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文。文章阐述了人们对亚马逊的亿万富翁创始人乘坐由其公司Blue Origin设计的火箭飞到了距离地球表面62英里的太空边缘这件事的批评和支持的观点。
1．
考查时态。句意：这位亚马逊的亿万富翁创始人乘坐由其公司Blue Origin设计的火箭飞到了距离地球表面62英里（100公里）的太空边缘。根据前一句的时间状语“In late July 2021”可知句子时态是一般过去时，动词使用过去式flew。故填flew。
2．
考查连词。句意：“有史以来最好的一天，”贝佐斯在安全返回地球后通过无线电对任务控制中心说，而其他人则没有这么印象深刻。结合句意可知用while表示前后的对比表示“然而”。故填while。
3．
考查情态动词。句意：他们辩论，贝佐斯应该花费数十亿美元来改善地球上的一切。结合前文“他们认为这次太空任务是一种金钱的浪费”，可知他们辩论说贝佐斯应该花费数十亿美元来改善地球上的一切。用情态动词should符合题意。故填should。
4．
考查非谓语动词。句意：他也不是第一个被批评浪费巨额个人财富的人。结合空格前的the first可知，用动词不定式作后置定语，the first和criticize之间是被动关系，用动词不定式的被动式符合题意。故填to be criticized。
5．
考查连词。句意：在亚马逊创始人创造历史的前一周，企业主理查德·布兰森也创造了历史。结合本段第一句“Bezos wasn’t the first billionaire to set his sights on space.”（他也不是第一个被批评浪费巨额个人财富的人。），可知表示在亚马逊创始人创造历史的前一周，用连词before符合题意。故填before。
6．
考查非谓语动词。句意：布兰森成为第一个乘坐他帮助资助的火箭飞往太空的人，该火箭由他的公司维珍银河公司开发。分析句子可知句子谓语动词是became，空格处缺少非谓语动词，a rocket和develop之间是被动关系，用过去分词短语作后置定语。故填developed。
7．
考查非谓语动词。句意：批评人士说，用于商业太空旅行的钱最好花在他们认为更重要的追求上。分析句子可知that引导的宾语从句中谓语动词是would be，空格处用非谓语动词作后置定语，the money和go之间是主动关系，用现在分词符合题意。故填going。
8．
考查名词性从句连接词。句意：批评人士说，用于商业太空旅行的钱最好花在他们认为更重要的追求上。分析句子可知在介词on后缺少宾语从句连接词，在动词see后缺少宾语，指物用what符合题意。故填what。
9．
考查冠词。句意：自然主义者霍莉·霍沃斯在《塞拉》杂志上指出，“乘坐火箭旅行可以说是个人能做的最具碳排放的事情。”分析句子可知在名词naturalist前应该用定冠词the表示特指，首字母大写。故填The。
10．
考查时态和语态。句意：个人资金被投入高薪工作和一个新的行业。句子陈述是事实用一般现在时，主语Personal funds和put之间是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数，系动词用are。故填are put。
11．D
12．A
13．K
14．I
15．G
16．J
17．H
18．B
19．E
20．C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了受气候危机的影响，未来可能会出现海上的流动城市。
11．
考查名词。句意：这些戏剧性的场面成为2021年9月的头条新闻。结合语境，此处表示上文所叙述的事件已经成为新闻头条，名词headline，意为“头条新闻”，使用复数形式作动词made的宾语，符合句意。故选D项。
12．
考查语态。句意：多达4050万人已经受气候危机的影响而流离失所。根据后文“by the effects of the climate crisis”可知，受气候危机的影响，多达4050万人被迫离开自己的家园，动词displace，意为“迫使（某人）离开家园”，与主语As many as 40.5 million people之间是被动关系，空处填写过去分词形式displaced构成现在完成时的被动语态，符合句意。故选A项。
13．
考查非谓语动词，句意：根据经济与和平研究所的数据，到2050年，将有超过10亿人生活在缺乏抵御海平面上升的基本系统和服务的国家。空处在句中作后置定语，应用不定式形式修饰the basic systems and services，空前出现不定式to，后接动词原形形式即可，动词withstand意为“抵御”符合句意。故选K项。
14．
考查名词。句意：近年来，建筑师和其他人更迫切地探索的一个解决方案是建造浮动城市。本句是含有定语从句的复合句，architects and others have been exploring with more urgency in recent years是定语从句，根据句意，空处应填写名词solution，表示“解决方法”，作先行词。故选I项。
15．
考查形容词。句意：2019年，联合国召集了一批创新者、科学家和海洋工程师讨论不确定的海洋社区的未来。根据后文“As our climate and water ecosystems are changing, the way our cities retake to water needs to change, too.”可知，气候和水生态系统在变化，城市的建设方式也要发生变化，所以海洋社区的未来是不确定的，空处修饰名词communities，应用形容词，neutral是形容词，表示“不确定的”，作定语，符合句意。故选G项。
16．
考查形容词。句意：这些城市可以设计成气候可持续的。根据后文“They can take advantage of plentiful wind and water power for electricity, and grow food using hydroponics（水耕法）.”可知，这些城市被设计成为了气候可持续发展的，形容词sustainable表示“可持续的”，符合句意。故选J项。
17．
考查语态。句意：另一个备受关注的计划社区是Oceanix城，预计60年内该城118个岛屿中有三分之一位于海平面以下。空处是which引导的定语从句中的谓语动词，动词project表示“规划”，与Oceanix City之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，空前已经出现is，空处应填写动词的过去分词形式，projected是动词的过去分词形式，符合句意。故选H项。
18．
考查动词，句意：Oceanix城的规划以太阳能和水能为动力的六边形岛屿群为特色。空处在句子中作谓语动词，结合上下句，句子应用一般现在时，主语plans是复数形式，动词应使用原形形式，feature是动词原形，表示“以……为特色”，符合句意。故选B项。
19．
考查动词。句意：与海底相连，每个人造岛可为大约300人提供住处；这些岛屿将组成一个约有10000名居民的社区。空处位于would之后，应用动词原形形式，house作动词，表示“给……提供住处”，符合题意。故选E项。
20．
考查语态。句意：与海底相连，每个人造岛可为大约300人提供住处；这些岛屿将组成一个约有10000名居民的社区。根据句意，空处应填写动词group，表示“成组”，与主语the islands之间是被动关系，空前出现be，空处填写过去分词形式，grouped是动词的过去分词形式，符合句意。故选C项。
21．A
22．D
23．C
24．B
25．A
26．B
27．D
28．B
29．C
30．B
31．D
32．B
33．C
34．A
35．B
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文。文章主要是对未来交通工具超级高铁的争论。
21．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：你的火车没有轮子，不产生污染，自己发电，也不受恶劣天气的影响。A. pollution污染；B. sound声音；C. energy精力；D. wind风。根据“makes its own electricity,”可知，因为自己可以发电，所以不产生污染。故选A。
22．
考查形容词最高级词义辨析。句意：这就是超级高铁，世界上最快、最安全、最绿色的交通方式的新愿景。A. cleanest最干净的；B. lightest最轻的；C. latest最新的；D. fastest最快的。根据“Imagine sitting inside a windowless train that's shooting through a tube at twice the speed of an airplane.”可知，这种超级高铁是是飞机速度的两倍，所以是世界上最快的交通方式。故选D。
23．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多人已经接受了这项新技术，但也有人说，超级高铁的愿景只是一堆空话。A. adapted适应；B. exploited利用；C. embraced接受；D. developed发展。根据“but others say the hyperloop vision is just a bunch of hot air.”中转折可知，许多人已经接受了这项新技术。故选C。
24．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：超级高铁的开发人员计划利用磁铁的特性来漂浮、稳定和驱动胶囊或舱在几乎没有空气的管道中行驶数百英里。A. totally hollow完全空洞；B. nearly airless几乎没有空气的；C. steadily narrow稳步缩小；D. highly flexible高度灵活的。根据“Without air or ground to slow down the vehicles, what was once a five-hour journey would become a half-hour excursion, engineers promise.”可知，因为没有空气，所以是在几乎真空的管道中行驶。故选B。
25．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项技术的支持者宣扬了使用超级高铁运送乘客和货物的额外优势。A. advantages优势；B. costs花费；C. qualities质量；D. situations状况。根据“For example, they firmly state that unlike other city-to-city transport that's ____6____ , such as planes or trains, hyperloop vehicles would leave as needed, like Ubers and taxis.”可知，这里陈述超级高铁的优势。故选A。
26．
考查短语词义辨析。句意：例如，他们坚定地表示，不像飞机或火车等其他有严格时间表的城市到城市的交通工具，超级高铁车辆会在需要时离开，比如优步和出租车。 A. in constant demands不断的需求；B. on strict timetables按照严格的时间表；C. in changeable states在多变状态；D. on essential services基本服务。根据“such as planes or trains, hyperloop vehicles would leave as needed, like Ubers and taxis.”可知，超级高铁像优步和出租车一样，不需要像飞机或火车一样按照严格的时间表才能出发。故选B。
27．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然每辆车只能搭载28至50名乘客，但开发商计划让这些车每分钟分批从车站出发，他们说，这样每小时可以运送5万人。A. cabins小木屋；B. lorries卡车；C. tubes地铁；D. vehicles交通工具。这里指超级高铁作为交通工具每辆车的运载能力。故选D。
28．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是世界上最快列车载客量的两倍多。 A. fare车费；B. capacity容量；C. speed速度；D. comfort安慰。根据“While the ____7____ would hold only 28 to 50 passengers each, developers plan for them to depart stations in groups every minute or so which they say could amount to shuttling 50,000 people an hour.”可知，超级高铁载客容量是世界上最快列车的两倍多。故选B。
29．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：开发商还表示，超级高铁管道将会升高，这样它们就不会干扰其他交通或威胁野生动物。A. underground地下的；B. parallel平行的；C. elevated抬高的；D. shared共享的。根据“so they wouldn't interfere with other traffic or threaten wildlife.”可知，可以将超级高铁管道升高建造，这样不会干扰其他交通或威胁野生动物。故选C。
30．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，支持者把超级高铁作为未来的交通选择。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Beside在……旁边；D. Otherwise否则。根据“advocates regard the hyperloop as the transportation choice for the future.”可知，前后句之间为因果关系。故选B。
31．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：工程师们计算出，高速车辆需要比目前设想的大得多的转弯，否则对乘客来说就不安全了。A. available可利用的；B. economic经济的；C. easy容易的；D. safe安全的。根据“Engineers have calculated that the high-speed vehicles will need to make much wider turns than currently envisioned,”可知，为了乘客的安全，设计转弯的时候需要很大的弯道。故选D。
32．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些工程师认为，在每辆车离开之前，将空气从管道中抽出所需的时间将比他们声称的要长得多。 A. force力量；B. air空气；C. heat热；D. water水。根据“Without air or ground to slow down the vehicles, what was once a five-hour journey would become a half-hour excursion, engineers promise.”可知，运行时没有空气，所以需要从管道中抽取空气。故选B。
33．
考查短语词义辨析。句意：因此，批评人士说，超级高铁的速度和每小时载客量无法达到广告宣传的水平，因此它们并不比现有的高速交通工具更好。A. most popular of最流行的；B. superior to比……优越；C. no better than不比……好；D. least profitable of最无利可图的。根据“Critics thus say hyperloops can't go as fast or serve as many passengers per hour as advertised,”可知，批评人士认为超级高铁并不比现有的高速交通工具更好。故选C。
34．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：超级高铁公司表示，他们正在解决这些问题。 A. addressing处理；B. causing引起；C. voicing表达；D. releasing释放。根据“Engineers also say planners haven't included enough time for vehicles to safely brake and take off at stations. Some engineers believe it will take much longer than claimed to pump the _____12_____ out of the tubes before each vehicle's departure. Critics thus say hyperloops can't go as fast or serve as many passengers per hour as advertised, making them _____13_____ existing high-speed transportation options.”可知，超级高铁公司正在解决所提出的这些问题。故选A。
35．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的超回路列车将依靠计算机瞬间的反应时间来快速、频繁、安全地驾驶车辆。A. ride乘坐；B. pilot驾驶；C. park停车；D. alert警报。根据“And their hyperloops will rely on the split-second reaction times of a computer”可知，超级高铁公司声称会依靠计算机瞬间的反应时间来解决安全驾驶问题。故选B。
36．D
37．B
38．C
39．C
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了著名墨西哥女画家弗里达·卡罗及其作品。
36．
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Because of her experiences in Mexico City, Kahlo became a strong supporter of peasants' rights.(因为在墨西哥城的经历，卡罗成为了农民权利的坚定支持者)”可知，卡罗在墨西哥革命期间在墨西哥城的经历促使她支持贫穷劳工的权利。故选D。
37．
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“While in school, Kahlo witnessed a number of bloody struggles between armed groups in Mexico City during the Mexican Revolution. (在上学期间，卡罗目睹了墨西哥革命期间墨西哥城武装组织之间的多次血腥斗争)”、“Later, in 1925, she was in a bus accident that broke her backbone, dislocated her shoulder, and caused other terrible injuries. (后来，在1925年，她在一场公共汽车事故中脊椎骨折，肩膀脱臼，并造成其他严重的伤害)”和第三段“To relieve the boredom of recovery and to help deal with the pain and sadness of the accident, she began to paint. (为了缓解恢复期的无聊，也为了缓解事故带来的痛苦和悲伤，她开始画画)”可知，卡罗先见证了墨西哥革命，然后在一场公共汽车事故中受伤，最后开始绘画。所以按时间顺序排列为②①③。故选B。
38．
词义猜测题。根据文章第四段 “This was painted just after she and Rivera got divorced. If you look closely. you can see that the Mexican Kahlo holds a portrait of Rivera. Symbols such as the exposed hearts and stormy sky suggest the pain that Kahlo felt. Check out how one of the hearts is broken. and the other one's whole. She seems to be suggesting that Rivera only loved the Mexican part of hers. (这幅画是她和里维拉离婚后画的。如果你仔细看。你可以看到墨西哥的卡罗拿着里维拉的画像。像暴露的心和暴风骤雨的天空这样的符号暗示着卡罗所感受到的痛苦。看看其中一颗心是如何破碎的。另一个是完整的。她似乎在暗示里维拉只爱她的墨西哥血统。)”可知，卡罗与丈夫里维拉的婚姻是动荡的、充满了戏剧性的起伏。所以turbulent为“动荡的、充满了戏剧性的起伏”之意。故选C。
39．
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Many people consider her paintings examples of surrealism, since much of what she painted was fantastical (许多人认为她的画是超现实主义的例子，因为她画的很多东西都是幻想的)”可知，弗里达·卡罗的画与超现实主义画家的画相似之处在于它们都包含幻想的，梦幻般的意象。故选C。
40．B
41．B
42．D
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。文章详细介绍了澳洲Auckland Zoo的宣传手册。
40．
细节理解题。根据Arrival details中“Your guide will give the group an initial personal safety briefing before the tour starts. Participants should note this is compulsory. ”（在旅游开始前，您的导游会给旅游团做一个初步的人身安全介绍。参与者应注意，这是强制性的。）可知，在开始参观之前，游客必须先听导游讲解安全知识。所以“attend a talk on security before the tour”（参观前参加一个关于安全的讲座）符合题意。故选B项。
41．
细节理解题。根据Pricing中Family: $220（2 adults, 2 minors）可知，两个大人加两个小孩是$220；再根据“You may leave your kids under six with the babysitters at Aussie Fun Nursery next to the Information Center. There is a $10 charge for the service*”（您可以把六岁以下的孩子留在信息中心旁边的Aussie Fun Nursery，交给保姆照看。这项服务收费10美元）可知，他们5岁的小孩需要交给托儿所中的保姆照看，需要交10美元。所以总共的费用为220+10=230。故选B项。
42．
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Go behind the scenes at Auckland Zoo and come eye to eye with some of our Australian neighbours. Come to the zoo before opening hours and experience the morning sights and sounds.”（去奥克兰动物园的幕后看看，和我们的一些澳大利亚邻居有直接的接触。请在开放时间之前来动物园，体验早晨的景象和声音）可知，人们体验这个项目必须是动物园向大众游客开园之前。所以“The tour takes place when the zoo is closed to the public”（这个旅行是在动物园开园之前）符合题意。故选D项。
43．A
44．A
45．C
46．C
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文。文章作者主要讨论了公众人物的影响，并让我们对公众人物不要有不切实际的期望。
43．
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“A few years ago, Charles Barkley got into a lot of trouble for making the observation that sports figures didn't need to be role models. Thousands of fans and professional journalists were cross at this attack on the fundamental principle that the person who jumps highest must aim highest. and the person who handles the running back must also be able to deal with life's problems with grace as well. (几年前，查尔斯·巴克利因为提出体育人物不需要成为榜样的观点而惹上了很多麻烦。成千上万的球迷和专业记者对这一基本原则的攻击感到愤怒，即跳得最高的人必须瞄准最高的目标，处理跑锋的人也必须能够优雅地处理生活中的问题)”可知，许多人对查尔斯·巴克利感到愤怒，主要是因为他他的言论违背了生活中的基本原则。故选A。
44．
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The danger comes in how this type of hero worship dehumanizes both the object of affection and the person who blindly adores. That was Barkley's point, not that we should give public figures a pass for being faulty but that we shouldn't abandon our own moral compasses and look to them for true north. (这种英雄崇拜的危险在于，它使被崇拜的对象和盲目崇拜的人都失去了人性。这就是巴克利的观点，并不是说我们应该给公众人物错误的通行证，而是说我们不应该放弃自己的道德指南针，并从它们那里寻找真正的北方。)”可知，巴克利认为把公众人物当作英雄是危险的，因为我们可能会放弃自己的道德标准。故选A。
45．
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Someone suggested that the fact that the first female attorney general（首席检察官）in Pennsylvania was really messing things up could have unfortunate consequences for women seeking elected office. (有人认为，宾夕法尼亚州第一位女性司法部长真的把事情搞砸了，这可能会给寻求当选公职的女性带来不幸的后果。)”和第五段“Why should the inferior performance of one woman lead to such diverse but passionate views in people? The answer is obvious: Kane has stopped being an attorney general but has instead become The First Female Attorney General. She can't just make a mistake and pay the normal consequences.(为什么一个女人的低劣表现会导致人们对她的看法如此多样却又充满激情呢?答案很明显：凯恩不再是一名司法部长，而是成为了第一位女性司法部长。她不能就这么犯个错，然后承担正常的后果。)”可推断，凯思琳·凯恩作为第一位女性司法部长没有公众预期的那么合格。故选C。
46．
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“If we stopped trying to live our lives through the accomplishments of public figures, many of whom look and sound like us, we'd learn how to recognize the heroic character of those we might actually know, and the heroic potential within ourselves. Or, perhaps, the honesty to accept our ordinary humanity. (如果我们不再试图通过公众人物的成就来生活，他们中的许多人看起来和听起来都像我们，我们就会学会如何识别那些我们可能认识的人的英雄性格，以及我们自己的英雄潜力。或者，也许，诚实地接受我们平凡的人性。)”及全文可知，文章作者主要讨论了公众人物的影响，并让我们对公众人物不要有不切实际的期望。所以“Our Unrealistic Expectation of Public Figures(我们对公众人物不切实际的期望)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选C。
47．D
48．B
49．C
50．F
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在不利条件下管理者应该如何激励员工。
47．
根据空格前一句“When an organization is shrinking, the best and mobile workers are likely to leave voluntarily.”（当一个组织萎缩时，最好的和流动的员工可能会自愿离职。），可知D选项“不幸的是，他们是这个组织最不能失去的那些人——那些拥有最高技能和经验的人。”中的“they”指的就是前一句中的“the best and mobile workers”。故选D。
48．
根据空格后一句“Pay cuts, unheard of during times of growth, may even be imposed. ”（在经济增长时期闻所未闻的减薪甚至可能被强制执行。），可知B选项“对于那些工作有保障的人来说，加薪几乎是不可能的。”中的“pay increases”和后一句中的“Pay cuts”相对，符合题意。故选B。
49．
本句位于句首，是主题句，结合本段内容“For example, if the job is running a small business or an autonomous unit within a larger business, high achievers should be sought. High achievers will do best when the job provides moderately challenging goats and where there is independence and feedback.”（例如，如果工作是经营一家小型企业或在一家大型公共汽车公司内的一个自治单位，那么就应该寻找高成就者。当工作具有中等挑战性，并且有独立性和反馈时，高成就者会做得最好。）可知，下文讲到高成就者，C选项“高成就者的动力来自于高度独立性和责任感的工作。”作为主题句符合题意，且选项中“High achievers”和“independence”和后文中的“high achievers”和“independence”属于词汇复现。故选C。
50．
根据空格前一句“Regardless of whether goals are achievable or well within management’s perceptions of the employee’s ability, if employees see them as unachievable they will reduce their effort.”（无论目标是可以实现的还是在管理层对员工能力的认知范围内，如果员工认为目标无法实现，他们就会减少努力。），可知空格处应该阐述管理者对此应该做出的反应，F选项“因此，管理者必须确保员工确信他们的努力能够实现绩效目标。”符合管理者激励员工的策略。故选F。
51． Two studies show that hearing diverse birdsongs may help increase our happiness. We like birdsong because it means safety, spring, good weather and a healthy environment for us. Those who live in near-natural surroundings on which many species depend will be happier. So, it’s important for us to plant native trees and flowers to increase bird diversity.
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，研究表明，听不同的鸟鸣有助于增加我们的幸福感。因为鸟鸣意味着安全、春天和好天气，也意味着健康的环境。那些生活在许多物种赖以生存的接近自然的环境中的人会更快乐。因此，种植本地树木和花卉对增加鸟类多样性非常重要。
【详解】
1.要点摘录
①Two studies show that hearing diverse birdsongs may help increase our happiness.
②The idea is that when we hear birdsong it could signal safety to us.
③There could be many other reasons too Ferraro states that in some areas around the world birdsong can also signal the arrival of spring and nice weather.
④Bird diversity, she adds, can also mean a healthy environment.
⑤He and his team found that the happiest Europeans are those who can experience many different kinds of birds in their daily life, or who live in near-natural surroundings that are home to many species.
⑥Scientists also mentioned, “We would recommend planting native trees and flowers because we have a lot of pretty decorative plants in our cities.
⑦So, we think it important to have species that are native to the area to increase bird diversity.
2.缜密构思
将第②、③、④三个要点进行整合，将第⑥、⑦两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
①We like birdsong because it means safety, spring, good weather and a healthy environment for us.
②Those who live in near-natural surroundings on which many species depend will be happier.
③So, it’s important for us to plant native trees and flowers to increase bird diversity.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] We like birdsong because it means safety, spring, good weather and a healthy environment for us. (运用了because引导的原因状语从句)
[高分句型2] Those who live in near-natural surroundings on which many species depend will be happier. (运用了who和“介词+关系代词（on which）”引导的限制性定语从句)
52．It is a rule that Li Hua helps his mother mop the floor every Sunday morning.
【详解】
考查名词和主语从句。表示“这是一个规则”应用it is rule that...，it为形式主语，that引导主语从句；表示“李华每周日早上帮妈妈拖地板”应用Li Hua helps his mother mop the floor every Sunday morning，这是句子真正的主语，因为主语太长并且是一个句子，同时为避免头重脚轻，所以用it做形式上的主语，放于句首，主语从句中使用一般现在时。故翻译为It is a rule that Li Hua helps his mother mop the floor every Sunday morning.
53．Under no circumstances should we repair the electric oven ourselves in case of danger.
【详解】
考查固定短语和倒装句。由句意和提示词可知，此处用固定短语under no circumstances(决不，无论如何都不要)，表示否定并放在句首，用倒装句式，助动词should提前到主语we前，传递强烈的否定信息。表示“修理”用动词repair，动词位于情态动词后且与主语之间为主动关系，用原形；“电烤炉”用名词短语“electric oven”；表示“自行”用反身代词myself；表示“以防”用介词短语“in case of”；表示“危险”用名词“danger”。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：Under no circumstances should we repair the electric oven ourselves in case of danger.
54．Recalling the fruitful volunteer experience, he was still grateful to the local residents who helped him at that time.
【详解】
考查时态，句子结构，形容词，非谓语动词等。分析可知，表示“回忆起那段收获满满的志愿者经历”为recall the fruitful volunteer experience，动词recall和主语he之间是主动关系，故用其现在分词作状语，形容词fruitful作定语修饰名词短语volunteer experience；表示“他依旧对当时给予他帮助的当地居民心怀感激”为he was still grateful to the local residents who helped him at that time，be grateful to“对……感激”，根据句意，本句描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，主语为he，谓语动词be用过去式was，副词still“依然，依旧”修饰谓语动词，限制性定语从句who helped him at that time用来修饰先行词the local residents，关系代词who引导从句，在从句中用作主语，指代人，谓语动词用过去式。大写句首字母，故翻译为Recalling the fruitful volunteer experience, he was still grateful to the local residents who helped him at that time.
55．Back in the arms of motherland, she could not contain her excitement and said, “Where there is the Five Starred Red Flag, there is a beacon of faith. If faith has color, it must be Chinese red!”
【详解】
考查时态、短语和状语从句。分析句意可知，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。分析句子结构，“回到祖国母亲怀抱”作状语，译为：back in the arms of motherland，“抑制内心的激动”译为：contain her excitement。引言部分为一般现在时，用两个状语从句表达：where引导的地点状语从句和if引导的条件状语从句。 “Where there be…, there be…”译为：有……的地方，就有……，“五星红旗”译为：the Five Starred Red Flag，“信念的灯塔”译为：a beacon of faith；if引导的条件状语从句，主句表示肯定的猜测，用must be，“中国红”译为：Chinese red。综上所述，故翻译为：Back in the arms of motherland, she could not contain her excitement and said, “Where there is the Five Starred Red Flag, there is a beacon of faith. If faith has color, it must be Chinese red!”
56．In an effort to promote students’ wellbeing in body and mind as well as all-round development, our school has further enhanced the management in students’ homework, sleep time, cellphones, reading and physical health. As a consequence, we students all are bathed in the changes that these measurements have brought.
In my part, what influences me most is the increased reading time through various activities. For one thing, our school launches a reading campaign every Wednesday with the aim of raising the awareness of reading more among students. Thanks to the reading activity, I can be more involved in reading classical books, thus arousing my interest in Chinese traditional culture.
From my point of view, the reading campaign is of great benefit to us students. Not only does it broaden our horizon, but also enriches our mind as well as our life.
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就学生五项管理中的一个方面描述自己的经历并发表对此的看法。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
为了：in an effort to→ in order to
沉浸于：be bathed in → be indulged in
因此：as a consequence → consequently
各种各样的：various→a variety of
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Thanks to the reading activity, I can be more involved in reading classical books, thus arousing my interest in Chinese traditional culture.
拓展句：Thanks to the reading activity, I can be more involved in reading classical books, which arouses my interest in Chinese traditional culture.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】As a consequence, we students all are bathed in the changes that these measurements have brought.（运用了that引导的限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Thanks to the reading activity, I can be more involved in reading classical books, thus arousing my interest in Chinese traditional culture.（运用了非谓语动词作状语）
【高分句型3】Not only does it broaden your horizon, but also enriches your mind as well as your life. （运用了not only引导的部分倒装）
上海市普陀区2021-2022学年高三上学期一模考试英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、用单词的适当形式完成短文
Directions: After reading the passage below; fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Billionaires Race to Space
In late July 2021, Jeff Bezos achieved an out-of-this-world ambition. The billionaire founder of Amazon 1． (fly) to the edge of space—62 miles (100 kilometers) above Earth’s surface—on a rocket designed by his company Blue Origin.
“Best day ever,” Bezos said over the radio to mission control after landing safely back on Earth, 2．others weren’t so impressed. They called the mission an enormous waste of money. Bezos, they argued, 3．be spending his billions to improve things on Earth.
Bezos wasn’t the first billionaire to set his sights on space. Nor was he the first 4． (criticize) about wasting enormous personal wealth. A week 5．the Amazon founder made history, business owner Richard Branson did, too. Branson became the first person to fly to space on a rocket he helped fund, 6． (develop) by his company Virgin Galactic.
Critics say that the money 7． (go) toward commercial space travel would be better spent on 8．they see as more important pursuits. These include working to cure diseases, reducing poverty, and helping to solve the climate crisis. Besides, launching spacecrafts is harmful to the planet, critics declare. 9．naturalist Holly Haworth pointed out in Sierra magazine, “traveling in rockets is arguably the most carbon-emitting thing an individual can do.”
But supporters of commercial space travel argue that it does benefit humanity. Personal funds 10． (put) toward high-paying jobs and a new industry. That’s money they could have spent on new limousines or villas for themselves, supporters say. Plus, their companies are investing in new technologies that increase access to space and drive innovation in other areas as well.
二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．displaced B．feature C．grouped D．headlines E. house F. inevitable
G. neutral H. projected I. solution J. sustainable K. withstand
Floating Cities: The Wave of the Future?
Rainwater pouring into the New York City subway. Towns and roads in Pennsylvania overtaken by floodwater. These dramatic scenes made 11． in September 2021. As many as 40.5 million people have already been 12． by the effects of the climate crisis. Rising sea levels, along with extreme flooding, are putting more and more coastal residents and others at risk. By 2050, more than 1 billion people will live in countries that lack the basic systems and services to 13． sea-level rise, according to the Institute for Economics and Peace. And all these climate refugees will need to seek out new homes on dry land.
One 14． architects and others have been exploring with more urgency in recent years is to build floating cities. In 2019, the United Nations brought together a group of innovators, scientists, and marine engineers to discuss the future of 15． sea-based communities. "As our climate and water ecosystems are changing, the way our cities retake to water needs to change, too." said U.N. Deputy Secretary-General Amina J. Mohammed. "Floating cities are a means of ensuring climate adaption, as buildings can rise along with the sea."
These cities can be designed as climate 16． . They can take advantage of plentiful wind and water power for electricity, and grow food using hydroponics（水耕法）. "From traditional houseboat communities to high-tech experiments, there are many examples to learn from," she added.
Some of these experimental floating cities are already in development. Another planned community that's attracting a lot of attention is Oceanix City, which is 17． to have one-third of its 118 islands below sea level within 60 years.
Plans for Oceanix City 18． groups of hexagon-shaped（六边形）islands powered by solar and water energy. Tied to the seafloor, each human-made island would 19． around 300 people; the islands would be 20． together in communities of about 10,000 residents. Oceanix citizens would drink processed ocean water and extracted humidity from the air, and dine on a ready supply of seafood.
三、完形填空
Imagine sitting inside a windowless train that's shooting through a tube at twice the speed of an airplane. Your train has no wheels, produces no 21 , makes its own electricity, and isn't affected by bad weather. This is the hyperloop, a new vision for the world's 22 , safest, and greenest form of transportation. Many have 23 this new technology, but others say the hyperloop vision is just a bunch of hot air.
Hyperloop developers plan to use the properties of magnets to float, stabilize, and drive the capsules or pods for hundreds of miles through 24 tubes. Without air or ground to slow down the vehicles, what was once a five-hour journey would become a half-hour excursion, engineers promise.
Supporters of the technology promote additional 25 of transporting passengers and cargo by hyperloop. For example, they firmly state that unlike other city-to-city transport that's 26 , such as planes or trains, hyperloop vehicles would leave as needed, like Ubers and taxis. While the 27 would hold only 28 to 50 passengers each, developers plan for them to depart stations in groups every minute or so which they say could amount to shuttling 50,000 people an hour. That's more than twice the passenger 28 of the world's fastest trains.
Developers also say that hyperloop tubes would be 29 so they wouldn't interfere with other traffic or threaten wildlife. And tubes would be covered with solar panels to power the hyperloop's systems. 30 , advocates regard the hyperloop as the transportation choice for the future.
But not everyone is on board. Engineers have calculated that the high-speed vehicles will need to make much wider turns than currently envisioned, and otherwise they won't be 31 for passengers. This would add several miles to the proposed tube tracks, Engineers also say planners haven't included enough time for vehicles to safely brake and take off at stations. Some engineers believe it will take much longer than claimed to pump the 32 out of the tubes before each vehicle's departure. Critics thus say hyperloops can't go as fast or serve as many passengers per hour as advertised, making them 33 existing high-speed transportation options.
Hyperloop companies say they're 34 these concerns. They claim that they can safely maintain high speeds by having the vehicles bank around the turns as a plane does. And their hyperloops will rely on the split-second reaction times of a computer to 35 vehicles quickly, frequently, and safely.
21．A．pollution B．sound C．energy D．wind
22．A．cleanest B．lightest C．latest D．fastest
23．A．adapted B．exploited C．embraced D．developed
24．A．totally hollow B．nearly airless C．steadily narrow D．highly flexible
25．A．advantages B．costs C．qualities D．situations
26．A．in constant demands B．on strict timetables
C．in changeable states D．on essential services
27．A．cabins B．lorries C．tubes D．vehicles
28．A．fare B．capacity C．speed D．comfort
29．A．underground B．parallel C．elevated D．shared
30．A．However B．Therefore C．Beside D．Otherwise
31．A．available B．economic C．easy D．safe
32．A．force B．air C．heat D．water
33．A．most popular of B．superior to
C．no better than D．least profitable of
34．A．addressing B．causing C．voicing D．releasing
35．A．ride B．pilot C．park D．alert
四、阅读理解
Frida Kahlo was one of the most influential Latin American figures of the 20th century. As the daughter of a German father and a Mexican mother, she was born on July 6, 1907. She grew up in Coyoacan, on the outskirts of Mexico City.
When she was seven, a viral disease called polio made her very sick, weakening the muscles in her right leg. While in school, Kahlo witnessed a number of bloody struggles between armed groups in Mexico City during the Mexican Revolution. It was essentially a fight for better living conditions for the disadvantaged. Because of her experiences in Mexico City, Kahlo became a strong supporter of peasants' rights. Later, in 1925, she was in a bus accident that broke her backbone, dislocated her shoulder, and caused other terrible injuries.
To relieve the boredom of recovery and to help deal with the pain and sadness of the accident, she began to paint. In her paintings, Kahlo really explored her identity. Her Work deals wither status as a woman, her mixed ancestry, her turbulent marriage to Mexican communist painter Diego Rivera, the pain of her injuries, and her commitment to revolutionary politics. Many people consider her paintings examples of surrealism, since much of what she painted was fantastical, but Kahlo never considered herself a surrealist. Kahlo's work is unique because she took the bright colors and dramatic symbolism of Mexican culture and combined them with traditions from European art.
In the most famous painting called "Two Fridas," she paints two versions of herself, one in traditional Mexican clothes and another in European clothes of an earlier century. A vein (静脉) connects the hearts of the two women, and blood is dripping out from one end. This was painted just after she and Rivera got divorced. If you look closely. you can see that the Mexican Kahlo holds a portrait of Rivera. Symbols such as the exposed hearts and stormy sky suggest the pain that Kahlo felt. Check out how one of the hearts is broken. and the other one's whole. She seems to be suggesting that Rivera only loved the Mexican part of hers.
In a lot of ways, Kahlo had an unhappy life. She died when she was only 47 years old. Her art is filled with sadness, but it also expresses pride in her Mexican heritage and the joy of being a woman.
36．What led Kahlo to support the rights of poor laborers?
A．The fact that her father was a German migrant laborer.
B．The time she spent working as a laborer during the 1920s.
C．Her marriage to the Mexican nationalist painter Diego Rivera.
D．Her experiences in Mexico City during the Mexican Revolution.
37．Place the following events in time order: ①Kahlo was hurt in a bus accident; ②Kahlo witnessed the Mexican Revolution; ③Kahlo began painting.
A．①②③ B．②①③ C．②③① D．③①②
38．The underlined word "turbulent" in Paragraph 3 most probably means________.
A．artistically well-matched B．fantastic and extremely loving
C．filled with dramatic ups and downs D．very politically conscious
39．How were Frida Kahlo's paintings similar to those of the surrealists?
A．They both focused on gender identity. B．They both promoted socialist politics.
C．They both contained dreamlike imagery D．They both combined Mexican and European art.
Aussie Walkabout Experience
Go behind the scenes at Auckland Zoo and come eye to eye with some of our Australian neighbours. Come to the zoo before opening hours and experience the morning sights and sounds. Help the keepers feed the kangaroos and koala in the Aussie Walkabout and take breakfast to a wide variety of birds.
Tour features
●A small group fully accompanied by an experienced guide.
●Your guide will photograph you immersed in your tour. The photos will be recorded onto a complimentary CD, which you will receive at the tour conclusion. A fantastic visual record of your unforgettable experience.
Pricing
Family: $220（2 adults, 2 minors）
Adult: $80
Minor（6-15years）: $40
Tour dates and times
The Aussie Walkabout tour runs on Thursday, Friday and Saturday—departing from the Information Centre at 8:00 am. This tour is approximately an hour and a half in duration—finishing at 9:30.
Important things to know:
◆Group sizes vary from two to four people.
◆The minimum age for this tour is six years old and if you are under fifteen years of age you must be accompanied by a paying adult.
◆You may leave your kids under six with the babysitters at Aussie Fun Nursery next to the Information Center. There is a $10 charge for the service*.（Parental Consent Form required）
◆Wear flat, enclosed shoes and appropriate clothing for the weather conditions.
◆Please do not wear any loose jewellery or red clothing.
*This service is only for those guests the have booked the Aussie Walkabout tour.
Arrival details
Participants must arrive at the zoo by 8:00 am. If you arrive after this time there will be no opportunity to join the group, so please ensure you allow enough time for travelling and parking in the car park near the entrance. Your guide will give the group an initial personal safety briefing before the tour starts. Participants should note this is compulsory.
40．All the participants are required to________.
A．pay for the photos recorded onto a CD
B．attend a talk on security before the tour
C．pick up the guide in the car park near the entrance
D．assist in the feeding of different species during the tour
41．If a couple with their children, aged 5. 8. and 10 want to take part in this activity, how much will they pay?
A．$220. B．$230. C．$260. D．$270.
42．Which of the following is true according to the brochure?
A．There is a free car park for visitors to the zoo.
B．Latecomers will be granted entry to the next tour.
C．A minimum of four people are permitted on each tour.
D．The tour takes place when the zoo is closed to the public
A few years ago, Charles Barkley got into a lot of trouble for making the observation that sports figures didn't need to be role models. Thousands of fans and professional journalists were cross at this attack on the fundamental principle that the person who jumps highest must aim highest and the person who handles the running back must also be able to deal with life's problems with grace as well.
The problem is not that we look to these people for perfection when they take off their uniforms. It's that we expect anyone to be our representatives for perfection. That's stupid and it makes the rest of us down here lazy.
I get the importance of having heroes, the people who inspire us to cultivate the best potential within us and nurture our better angels. I personally have many heroes, from my mother, Lucy, to my favorite law professor, Howard. But these are personal contacts, people who have-actually touched my hand and my heart, and who occupy a pedestal（基座）built of my own experiences and aspirations. To look at an athlete or an actress with high salary and demand that he or she match our dreams is not only a waste of time, but it's dangerous. The danger comes in how this type of hero worship dehumanizes both the object of affection and the person who blindly adores. That was Barkley's point, not that we should give public figures a pass for being faulty but that we shouldn't abandon our own moral compasses and look to them for true north.
Recently on a television program I participated in, the discussion turned to Kathleen Kane. Someone suggested that the fact that the first female attorney general（首席检察官）in Pennsylvania was really messing things up could have unfortunate consequences for women seeking elected office. I offered the opinion that Kane was unquestionably criticized and that it was not hatred towards woman but incompetence at the root of the attacks. After the show aired, I had people emailing to tell me that I was either a traitor（叛徒）for publicly attacking a fellow female when we need to stand together behind this "role model", or a fool for not going a step further to say that this incompetent lawyer had made it harder for all women to move to the next level.
How depressing! Why should the inferior performance of one woman lead to such diverse but passionate views in people? The answer is obvious: Kane has stopped being an attorney general but has instead become The First Female Attorney General. She can't just make a mistake and pay the normal consequences.
If we stopped trying to live our lives through the accomplishments of public figures, many of whom look and sound like us, we'd learn how to recognize the heroic character of those we might actually know, and the heroic potential within ourselves. Or, perhaps, the honesty to accept our ordinary humanity.
43．Many people were angry with Charles Barkley mainly because________.
A．he broke fundamental principles in life B．he was not good enough to be a role model
C．he doubted the perfection of some sports figures D．he thought sports figures could have weaknesses
44．According to Barkley, why is it dangerous to take public figures as heroes?
A．Because we may let go of our own moral standards.
B．Because an athlete or actress cannot match our dreams.
C．Because we blindly admire public figures for their faults.
D．Because we shouldn't waste time imitating public figures.
45．From the passage we can infer that Kathleen Kane was________.
A．unfairly criticized due to being female B．the first female attorney general in the US
C．less qualified than the public had expected D．a role model for women seeking elected office
46．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A．Be Our Representatives for Perfection B．Exploration of Our Own Heroic Potential
C．Our Unrealistic Expectation of Public Figures D．Our Conventional Views of Female Politician
五、六选四
Motivating Employees under Unfavourable Conditions
It is a great deal easier to motivate employees in a growing organization than a declining one. When organizations are expanding, promotional opportunities, pay rises, and the excitement of being associated with a dynamic organization create feelings of optimism. When an organization is shrinking, the best and mobile workers are likely to leave voluntarily. 47． The minor employees remain because their job options are limited.
Morale (士气) also suffers during decline. People fear they may be the next to be made unnecessary. Productivity often Suffers, as employees spend their time sharing rumours and providing one another with moral support rather than focusing on their jobs. 48． Pay cuts, unheard of during times of growth, may even be imposed. The challenge to management is how to motivate employees under such special conditions.
49． For example, if the job is running a small business or an autonomous unit within a larger business, high achievers should be sought. High achievers will do best when the job provides moderately challenging goats and where there is independence and feedback.
The literature on goal-setting theory suggests that managers should ensure that all employees have specific goals and receive comments on how well they are doing in those goals. Regardless of whether goals are achievable or well within management’s perceptions of the employee’s ability, if employees see them as unachievable they will reduce their effort. 50．
Since employees have different needs, managers should use their knowledge of each employee to personalize the rewards over which they have control. Some of the more obvious rewards that managers allocate include pay, promotions and the opportunity to participate in goal-setting and decision-making.
A.There is enough evidence to support the motivational benefits that result from carefully matching people to jobs.
B.For those whose jobs are secure, pay increases are rarely possible.
C.High achievers are motivated by jobs that are high in independence and responsibility.
D.Unfortunately, they are the ones the organization can least afford to lose—those with the highest skills and experience.
E.The answer to that depends on perceptions of goal acceptance and the organization’s culture.
F.Managers must be sure, therefore, that employees feel confident that their efforts can lead to performance goals.
六、概要写作
51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Can Birdsong Make You Happier?
If you are able to step outside and hear many types of birds, you might also have a greater feeling of well-being. Two studies show that hearing diverse birdsongs may help increase our happiness.
One study was done by the researchers at California Polytechnic State University. The team studied the effects of birdsong on people walking through a park in the U.S. state of Colorado. Danielle Ferraro, who led the Cal Poly study, says that there could be an evolutionary reason why we like birdsong. The idea is that when we hear birdsong it could signal safety to us. There could be many other reasons too Ferraro states that in some areas around the world birdsong can also signal the arrival of spring and nice weather. Bird diversity, she adds, can also mean a healthy environment.
Similarly, scientists in Germany examined for the first time whether a diverse nature also increases human well-being across Europe. The researchers looked at the European Quality of Life Survey to study the connection between the different kinds of birds in their surroundings and life satisfaction. They looked at more than 26,000 adults from 26 European countries. “Europeans are particularly satisfied with their lives if their surroundings have a high species diversity,” explains the study’s lead author, Joel Methorst, a researcher at the Goethe University in Frankfurt. He and his team found that the happiest Europeans are those who can experience many different kinds of birds in their daily life, or who live in near-natural surroundings that are home to many species.
So, if birdsong is good for our mental health, how can we increase the different types of birdsongs we hear? Scientists also mentioned, “We would recommend planting native trees and flowers because we have a lot of pretty decorative plants in our cities. And they might look nice to us, but birds can’t necessarily use them. So, we think it important to have species that are native to the area to increase bird diversity.”
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七、汉译英（整句）
52．李华习惯每周日早上帮妈妈拖地板.（rule）(汉译英）
53．在任何情况下，我们都不能自行修理这电烤炉，以免发生危险。（circumstance）(汉译英）
54．回忆起那段收获满满的志愿者经历，他依旧对当时给予他帮助的当地居民心怀感激。（grateful）（汉译英）
55．回到祖国母亲怀抱，她抑制不住内心的激动，说道，“有五星红旗的地方，就有信念的灯塔，如果信念有颜色，那一定是中国红！”（where）(汉译英）
八、其他应用文
56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
近一年来，为了促进学生身心健康和全面发展，学校进一步加强了对学生作业、睡眠、手机、读物、体质五个方面的管理。每一位在校学生都能感受到这项举措带来的变化。《The Teens》杂志社向青少年读者征稿，希望大家能分享这一举措在各校的具体落实情况。假设你是明启中学高三学生李华，请就其中一个方面的管理描述自己的经历并发表对此的看法。
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参考答案
1．flew
2．while
3．should
4．to be criticized
5．before
6．developed
7．going
8．what
9．The
10．are put
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文。文章阐述了人们对亚马逊的亿万富翁创始人乘坐由其公司Blue Origin设计的火箭飞到了距离地球表面62英里的太空边缘这件事的批评和支持的观点。
1．
考查时态。句意：这位亚马逊的亿万富翁创始人乘坐由其公司Blue Origin设计的火箭飞到了距离地球表面62英里（100公里）的太空边缘。根据前一句的时间状语“In late July 2021”可知句子时态是一般过去时，动词使用过去式flew。故填flew。
2．
考查连词。句意：“有史以来最好的一天，”贝佐斯在安全返回地球后通过无线电对任务控制中心说，而其他人则没有这么印象深刻。结合句意可知用while表示前后的对比表示“然而”。故填while。
3．
考查情态动词。句意：他们辩论，贝佐斯应该花费数十亿美元来改善地球上的一切。结合前文“他们认为这次太空任务是一种金钱的浪费”，可知他们辩论说贝佐斯应该花费数十亿美元来改善地球上的一切。用情态动词should符合题意。故填should。
4．
考查非谓语动词。句意：他也不是第一个被批评浪费巨额个人财富的人。结合空格前的the first可知，用动词不定式作后置定语，the first和criticize之间是被动关系，用动词不定式的被动式符合题意。故填to be criticized。
5．
考查连词。句意：在亚马逊创始人创造历史的前一周，企业主理查德·布兰森也创造了历史。结合本段第一句“Bezos wasn’t the first billionaire to set his sights on space.”（他也不是第一个被批评浪费巨额个人财富的人。），可知表示在亚马逊创始人创造历史的前一周，用连词before符合题意。故填before。
6．
考查非谓语动词。句意：布兰森成为第一个乘坐他帮助资助的火箭飞往太空的人，该火箭由他的公司维珍银河公司开发。分析句子可知句子谓语动词是became，空格处缺少非谓语动词，a rocket和develop之间是被动关系，用过去分词短语作后置定语。故填developed。
7．
考查非谓语动词。句意：批评人士说，用于商业太空旅行的钱最好花在他们认为更重要的追求上。分析句子可知that引导的宾语从句中谓语动词是would be，空格处用非谓语动词作后置定语，the money和go之间是主动关系，用现在分词符合题意。故填going。
8．
考查名词性从句连接词。句意：批评人士说，用于商业太空旅行的钱最好花在他们认为更重要的追求上。分析句子可知在介词on后缺少宾语从句连接词，在动词see后缺少宾语，指物用what符合题意。故填what。
9．
考查冠词。句意：自然主义者霍莉·霍沃斯在《塞拉》杂志上指出，“乘坐火箭旅行可以说是个人能做的最具碳排放的事情。”分析句子可知在名词naturalist前应该用定冠词the表示特指，首字母大写。故填The。
10．
考查时态和语态。句意：个人资金被投入高薪工作和一个新的行业。句子陈述是事实用一般现在时，主语Personal funds和put之间是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数，系动词用are。故填are put。
11．D
12．A
13．K
14．I
15．G
16．J
17．H
18．B
19．E
20．C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了受气候危机的影响，未来可能会出现海上的流动城市。
11．
考查名词。句意：这些戏剧性的场面成为2021年9月的头条新闻。结合语境，此处表示上文所叙述的事件已经成为新闻头条，名词headline，意为“头条新闻”，使用复数形式作动词made的宾语，符合句意。故选D项。
12．
考查语态。句意：多达4050万人已经受气候危机的影响而流离失所。根据后文“by the effects of the climate crisis”可知，受气候危机的影响，多达4050万人被迫离开自己的家园，动词displace，意为“迫使（某人）离开家园”，与主语As many as 40.5 million people之间是被动关系，空处填写过去分词形式displaced构成现在完成时的被动语态，符合句意。故选A项。
13．
考查非谓语动词，句意：根据经济与和平研究所的数据，到2050年，将有超过10亿人生活在缺乏抵御海平面上升的基本系统和服务的国家。空处在句中作后置定语，应用不定式形式修饰the basic systems and services，空前出现不定式to，后接动词原形形式即可，动词withstand意为“抵御”符合句意。故选K项。
14．
考查名词。句意：近年来，建筑师和其他人更迫切地探索的一个解决方案是建造浮动城市。本句是含有定语从句的复合句，architects and others have been exploring with more urgency in recent years是定语从句，根据句意，空处应填写名词solution，表示“解决方法”，作先行词。故选I项。
15．
考查形容词。句意：2019年，联合国召集了一批创新者、科学家和海洋工程师讨论不确定的海洋社区的未来。根据后文“As our climate and water ecosystems are changing, the way our cities retake to water needs to change, too.”可知，气候和水生态系统在变化，城市的建设方式也要发生变化，所以海洋社区的未来是不确定的，空处修饰名词communities，应用形容词，neutral是形容词，表示“不确定的”，作定语，符合句意。故选G项。
16．
考查形容词。句意：这些城市可以设计成气候可持续的。根据后文“They can take advantage of plentiful wind and water power for electricity, and grow food using hydroponics（水耕法）.”可知，这些城市被设计成为了气候可持续发展的，形容词sustainable表示“可持续的”，符合句意。故选J项。
17．
考查语态。句意：另一个备受关注的计划社区是Oceanix城，预计60年内该城118个岛屿中有三分之一位于海平面以下。空处是which引导的定语从句中的谓语动词，动词project表示“规划”，与Oceanix City之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，空前已经出现is，空处应填写动词的过去分词形式，projected是动词的过去分词形式，符合句意。故选H项。
18．
考查动词，句意：Oceanix城的规划以太阳能和水能为动力的六边形岛屿群为特色。空处在句子中作谓语动词，结合上下句，句子应用一般现在时，主语plans是复数形式，动词应使用原形形式，feature是动词原形，表示“以……为特色”，符合句意。故选B项。
19．
考查动词。句意：与海底相连，每个人造岛可为大约300人提供住处；这些岛屿将组成一个约有10000名居民的社区。空处位于would之后，应用动词原形形式，house作动词，表示“给……提供住处”，符合题意。故选E项。
20．
考查语态。句意：与海底相连，每个人造岛可为大约300人提供住处；这些岛屿将组成一个约有10000名居民的社区。根据句意，空处应填写动词group，表示“成组”，与主语the islands之间是被动关系，空前出现be，空处填写过去分词形式，grouped是动词的过去分词形式，符合句意。故选C项。
21．A
22．D
23．C
24．B
25．A
26．B
27．D
28．B
29．C
30．B
31．D
32．B
33．C
34．A
35．B
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文。文章主要是对未来交通工具超级高铁的争论。
21．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：你的火车没有轮子，不产生污染，自己发电，也不受恶劣天气的影响。A. pollution污染；B. sound声音；C. energy精力；D. wind风。根据“makes its own electricity,”可知，因为自己可以发电，所以不产生污染。故选A。
22．
考查形容词最高级词义辨析。句意：这就是超级高铁，世界上最快、最安全、最绿色的交通方式的新愿景。A. cleanest最干净的；B. lightest最轻的；C. latest最新的；D. fastest最快的。根据“Imagine sitting inside a windowless train that's shooting through a tube at twice the speed of an airplane.”可知，这种超级高铁是是飞机速度的两倍，所以是世界上最快的交通方式。故选D。
23．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多人已经接受了这项新技术，但也有人说，超级高铁的愿景只是一堆空话。A. adapted适应；B. exploited利用；C. embraced接受；D. developed发展。根据“but others say the hyperloop vision is just a bunch of hot air.”中转折可知，许多人已经接受了这项新技术。故选C。
24．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：超级高铁的开发人员计划利用磁铁的特性来漂浮、稳定和驱动胶囊或舱在几乎没有空气的管道中行驶数百英里。A. totally hollow完全空洞；B. nearly airless几乎没有空气的；C. steadily narrow稳步缩小；D. highly flexible高度灵活的。根据“Without air or ground to slow down the vehicles, what was once a five-hour journey would become a half-hour excursion, engineers promise.”可知，因为没有空气，所以是在几乎真空的管道中行驶。故选B。
25．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项技术的支持者宣扬了使用超级高铁运送乘客和货物的额外优势。A. advantages优势；B. costs花费；C. qualities质量；D. situations状况。根据“For example, they firmly state that unlike other city-to-city transport that's ____6____ , such as planes or trains, hyperloop vehicles would leave as needed, like Ubers and taxis.”可知，这里陈述超级高铁的优势。故选A。
26．
考查短语词义辨析。句意：例如，他们坚定地表示，不像飞机或火车等其他有严格时间表的城市到城市的交通工具，超级高铁车辆会在需要时离开，比如优步和出租车。 A. in constant demands不断的需求；B. on strict timetables按照严格的时间表；C. in changeable states在多变状态；D. on essential services基本服务。根据“such as planes or trains, hyperloop vehicles would leave as needed, like Ubers and taxis.”可知，超级高铁像优步和出租车一样，不需要像飞机或火车一样按照严格的时间表才能出发。故选B。
27．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然每辆车只能搭载28至50名乘客，但开发商计划让这些车每分钟分批从车站出发，他们说，这样每小时可以运送5万人。A. cabins小木屋；B. lorries卡车；C. tubes地铁；D. vehicles交通工具。这里指超级高铁作为交通工具每辆车的运载能力。故选D。
28．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是世界上最快列车载客量的两倍多。 A. fare车费；B. capacity容量；C. speed速度；D. comfort安慰。根据“While the ____7____ would hold only 28 to 50 passengers each, developers plan for them to depart stations in groups every minute or so which they say could amount to shuttling 50,000 people an hour.”可知，超级高铁载客容量是世界上最快列车的两倍多。故选B。
29．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：开发商还表示，超级高铁管道将会升高，这样它们就不会干扰其他交通或威胁野生动物。A. underground地下的；B. parallel平行的；C. elevated抬高的；D. shared共享的。根据“so they wouldn't interfere with other traffic or threaten wildlife.”可知，可以将超级高铁管道升高建造，这样不会干扰其他交通或威胁野生动物。故选C。
30．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，支持者把超级高铁作为未来的交通选择。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Beside在……旁边；D. Otherwise否则。根据“advocates regard the hyperloop as the transportation choice for the future.”可知，前后句之间为因果关系。故选B。
31．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：工程师们计算出，高速车辆需要比目前设想的大得多的转弯，否则对乘客来说就不安全了。A. available可利用的；B. economic经济的；C. easy容易的；D. safe安全的。根据“Engineers have calculated that the high-speed vehicles will need to make much wider turns than currently envisioned,”可知，为了乘客的安全，设计转弯的时候需要很大的弯道。故选D。
32．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些工程师认为，在每辆车离开之前，将空气从管道中抽出所需的时间将比他们声称的要长得多。 A. force力量；B. air空气；C. heat热；D. water水。根据“Without air or ground to slow down the vehicles, what was once a five-hour journey would become a half-hour excursion, engineers promise.”可知，运行时没有空气，所以需要从管道中抽取空气。故选B。
33．
考查短语词义辨析。句意：因此，批评人士说，超级高铁的速度和每小时载客量无法达到广告宣传的水平，因此它们并不比现有的高速交通工具更好。A. most popular of最流行的；B. superior to比……优越；C. no better than不比……好；D. least profitable of最无利可图的。根据“Critics thus say hyperloops can't go as fast or serve as many passengers per hour as advertised,”可知，批评人士认为超级高铁并不比现有的高速交通工具更好。故选C。
34．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：超级高铁公司表示，他们正在解决这些问题。 A. addressing处理；B. causing引起；C. voicing表达；D. releasing释放。根据“Engineers also say planners haven't included enough time for vehicles to safely brake and take off at stations. Some engineers believe it will take much longer than claimed to pump the _____12_____ out of the tubes before each vehicle's departure. Critics thus say hyperloops can't go as fast or serve as many passengers per hour as advertised, making them _____13_____ existing high-speed transportation options.”可知，超级高铁公司正在解决所提出的这些问题。故选A。
35．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的超回路列车将依靠计算机瞬间的反应时间来快速、频繁、安全地驾驶车辆。A. ride乘坐；B. pilot驾驶；C. park停车；D. alert警报。根据“And their hyperloops will rely on the split-second reaction times of a computer”可知，超级高铁公司声称会依靠计算机瞬间的反应时间来解决安全驾驶问题。故选B。
36．D
37．B
38．C
39．C
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了著名墨西哥女画家弗里达·卡罗及其作品。
36．
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Because of her experiences in Mexico City, Kahlo became a strong supporter of peasants' rights.(因为在墨西哥城的经历，卡罗成为了农民权利的坚定支持者)”可知，卡罗在墨西哥革命期间在墨西哥城的经历促使她支持贫穷劳工的权利。故选D。
37．
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“While in school, Kahlo witnessed a number of bloody struggles between armed groups in Mexico City during the Mexican Revolution. (在上学期间，卡罗目睹了墨西哥革命期间墨西哥城武装组织之间的多次血腥斗争)”、“Later, in 1925, she was in a bus accident that broke her backbone, dislocated her shoulder, and caused other terrible injuries. (后来，在1925年，她在一场公共汽车事故中脊椎骨折，肩膀脱臼，并造成其他严重的伤害)”和第三段“To relieve the boredom of recovery and to help deal with the pain and sadness of the accident, she began to paint. (为了缓解恢复期的无聊，也为了缓解事故带来的痛苦和悲伤，她开始画画)”可知，卡罗先见证了墨西哥革命，然后在一场公共汽车事故中受伤，最后开始绘画。所以按时间顺序排列为②①③。故选B。
38．
词义猜测题。根据文章第四段 “This was painted just after she and Rivera got divorced. If you look closely. you can see that the Mexican Kahlo holds a portrait of Rivera. Symbols such as the exposed hearts and stormy sky suggest the pain that Kahlo felt. Check out how one of the hearts is broken. and the other one's whole. She seems to be suggesting that Rivera only loved the Mexican part of hers. (这幅画是她和里维拉离婚后画的。如果你仔细看。你可以看到墨西哥的卡罗拿着里维拉的画像。像暴露的心和暴风骤雨的天空这样的符号暗示着卡罗所感受到的痛苦。看看其中一颗心是如何破碎的。另一个是完整的。她似乎在暗示里维拉只爱她的墨西哥血统。)”可知，卡罗与丈夫里维拉的婚姻是动荡的、充满了戏剧性的起伏。所以turbulent为“动荡的、充满了戏剧性的起伏”之意。故选C。
39．
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Many people consider her paintings examples of surrealism, since much of what she painted was fantastical (许多人认为她的画是超现实主义的例子，因为她画的很多东西都是幻想的)”可知，弗里达·卡罗的画与超现实主义画家的画相似之处在于它们都包含幻想的，梦幻般的意象。故选C。
40．B
41．B
42．D
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。文章详细介绍了澳洲Auckland Zoo的宣传手册。
40．
细节理解题。根据Arrival details中“Your guide will give the group an initial personal safety briefing before the tour starts. Participants should note this is compulsory. ”（在旅游开始前，您的导游会给旅游团做一个初步的人身安全介绍。参与者应注意，这是强制性的。）可知，在开始参观之前，游客必须先听导游讲解安全知识。所以“attend a talk on security before the tour”（参观前参加一个关于安全的讲座）符合题意。故选B项。
41．
细节理解题。根据Pricing中Family: $220（2 adults, 2 minors）可知，两个大人加两个小孩是$220；再根据“You may leave your kids under six with the babysitters at Aussie Fun Nursery next to the Information Center. There is a $10 charge for the service*”（您可以把六岁以下的孩子留在信息中心旁边的Aussie Fun Nursery，交给保姆照看。这项服务收费10美元）可知，他们5岁的小孩需要交给托儿所中的保姆照看，需要交10美元。所以总共的费用为220+10=230。故选B项。
42．
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Go behind the scenes at Auckland Zoo and come eye to eye with some of our Australian neighbours. Come to the zoo before opening hours and experience the morning sights and sounds.”（去奥克兰动物园的幕后看看，和我们的一些澳大利亚邻居有直接的接触。请在开放时间之前来动物园，体验早晨的景象和声音）可知，人们体验这个项目必须是动物园向大众游客开园之前。所以“The tour takes place when the zoo is closed to the public”（这个旅行是在动物园开园之前）符合题意。故选D项。
43．A
44．A
45．C
46．C
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文。文章作者主要讨论了公众人物的影响，并让我们对公众人物不要有不切实际的期望。
43．
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“A few years ago, Charles Barkley got into a lot of trouble for making the observation that sports figures didn't need to be role models. Thousands of fans and professional journalists were cross at this attack on the fundamental principle that the person who jumps highest must aim highest. and the person who handles the running back must also be able to deal with life's problems with grace as well. (几年前，查尔斯·巴克利因为提出体育人物不需要成为榜样的观点而惹上了很多麻烦。成千上万的球迷和专业记者对这一基本原则的攻击感到愤怒，即跳得最高的人必须瞄准最高的目标，处理跑锋的人也必须能够优雅地处理生活中的问题)”可知，许多人对查尔斯·巴克利感到愤怒，主要是因为他他的言论违背了生活中的基本原则。故选A。
44．
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The danger comes in how this type of hero worship dehumanizes both the object of affection and the person who blindly adores. That was Barkley's point, not that we should give public figures a pass for being faulty but that we shouldn't abandon our own moral compasses and look to them for true north. (这种英雄崇拜的危险在于，它使被崇拜的对象和盲目崇拜的人都失去了人性。这就是巴克利的观点，并不是说我们应该给公众人物错误的通行证，而是说我们不应该放弃自己的道德指南针，并从它们那里寻找真正的北方。)”可知，巴克利认为把公众人物当作英雄是危险的，因为我们可能会放弃自己的道德标准。故选A。
45．
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Someone suggested that the fact that the first female attorney general（首席检察官）in Pennsylvania was really messing things up could have unfortunate consequences for women seeking elected office. (有人认为，宾夕法尼亚州第一位女性司法部长真的把事情搞砸了，这可能会给寻求当选公职的女性带来不幸的后果。)”和第五段“Why should the inferior performance of one woman lead to such diverse but passionate views in people? The answer is obvious: Kane has stopped being an attorney general but has instead become The First Female Attorney General. She can't just make a mistake and pay the normal consequences.(为什么一个女人的低劣表现会导致人们对她的看法如此多样却又充满激情呢?答案很明显：凯恩不再是一名司法部长，而是成为了第一位女性司法部长。她不能就这么犯个错，然后承担正常的后果。)”可推断，凯思琳·凯恩作为第一位女性司法部长没有公众预期的那么合格。故选C。
46．
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“If we stopped trying to live our lives through the accomplishments of public figures, many of whom look and sound like us, we'd learn how to recognize the heroic character of those we might actually know, and the heroic potential within ourselves. Or, perhaps, the honesty to accept our ordinary humanity. (如果我们不再试图通过公众人物的成就来生活，他们中的许多人看起来和听起来都像我们，我们就会学会如何识别那些我们可能认识的人的英雄性格，以及我们自己的英雄潜力。或者，也许，诚实地接受我们平凡的人性。)”及全文可知，文章作者主要讨论了公众人物的影响，并让我们对公众人物不要有不切实际的期望。所以“Our Unrealistic Expectation of Public Figures(我们对公众人物不切实际的期望)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选C。
47．D
48．B
49．C
50．F
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在不利条件下管理者应该如何激励员工。
47．
根据空格前一句“When an organization is shrinking, the best and mobile workers are likely to leave voluntarily.”（当一个组织萎缩时，最好的和流动的员工可能会自愿离职。），可知D选项“不幸的是，他们是这个组织最不能失去的那些人——那些拥有最高技能和经验的人。”中的“they”指的就是前一句中的“the best and mobile workers”。故选D。
48．
根据空格后一句“Pay cuts, unheard of during times of growth, may even be imposed. ”（在经济增长时期闻所未闻的减薪甚至可能被强制执行。），可知B选项“对于那些工作有保障的人来说，加薪几乎是不可能的。”中的“pay increases”和后一句中的“Pay cuts”相对，符合题意。故选B。
49．
本句位于句首，是主题句，结合本段内容“For example, if the job is running a small business or an autonomous unit within a larger business, high achievers should be sought. High achievers will do best when the job provides moderately challenging goats and where there is independence and feedback.”（例如，如果工作是经营一家小型企业或在一家大型公共汽车公司内的一个自治单位，那么就应该寻找高成就者。当工作具有中等挑战性，并且有独立性和反馈时，高成就者会做得最好。）可知，下文讲到高成就者，C选项“高成就者的动力来自于高度独立性和责任感的工作。”作为主题句符合题意，且选项中“High achievers”和“independence”和后文中的“high achievers”和“independence”属于词汇复现。故选C。
50．
根据空格前一句“Regardless of whether goals are achievable or well within management’s perceptions of the employee’s ability, if employees see them as unachievable they will reduce their effort.”（无论目标是可以实现的还是在管理层对员工能力的认知范围内，如果员工认为目标无法实现，他们就会减少努力。），可知空格处应该阐述管理者对此应该做出的反应，F选项“因此，管理者必须确保员工确信他们的努力能够实现绩效目标。”符合管理者激励员工的策略。故选F。
51． Two studies show that hearing diverse birdsongs may help increase our happiness. We like birdsong because it means safety, spring, good weather and a healthy environment for us. Those who live in near-natural surroundings on which many species depend will be happier. So, it’s important for us to plant native trees and flowers to increase bird diversity.
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，研究表明，听不同的鸟鸣有助于增加我们的幸福感。因为鸟鸣意味着安全、春天和好天气，也意味着健康的环境。那些生活在许多物种赖以生存的接近自然的环境中的人会更快乐。因此，种植本地树木和花卉对增加鸟类多样性非常重要。
【详解】
1.要点摘录
①Two studies show that hearing diverse birdsongs may help increase our happiness.
②The idea is that when we hear birdsong it could signal safety to us.
③There could be many other reasons too Ferraro states that in some areas around the world birdsong can also signal the arrival of spring and nice weather.
④Bird diversity, she adds, can also mean a healthy environment.
⑤He and his team found that the happiest Europeans are those who can experience many different kinds of birds in their daily life, or who live in near-natural surroundings that are home to many species.
⑥Scientists also mentioned, “We would recommend planting native trees and flowers because we have a lot of pretty decorative plants in our cities.
⑦So, we think it important to have species that are native to the area to increase bird diversity.
2.缜密构思
将第②、③、④三个要点进行整合，将第⑥、⑦两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
①We like birdsong because it means safety, spring, good weather and a healthy environment for us.
②Those who live in near-natural surroundings on which many species depend will be happier.
③So, it’s important for us to plant native trees and flowers to increase bird diversity.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] We like birdsong because it means safety, spring, good weather and a healthy environment for us. (运用了because引导的原因状语从句)
[高分句型2] Those who live in near-natural surroundings on which many species depend will be happier. (运用了who和“介词+关系代词（on which）”引导的限制性定语从句)
52．It is a rule that Li Hua helps his mother mop the floor every Sunday morning.
【详解】
考查名词和主语从句。表示“这是一个规则”应用it is rule that...，it为形式主语，that引导主语从句；表示“李华每周日早上帮妈妈拖地板”应用Li Hua helps his mother mop the floor every Sunday morning，这是句子真正的主语，因为主语太长并且是一个句子，同时为避免头重脚轻，所以用it做形式上的主语，放于句首，主语从句中使用一般现在时。故翻译为It is a rule that Li Hua helps his mother mop the floor every Sunday morning.
53．Under no circumstances should we repair the electric oven ourselves in case of danger.
【详解】
考查固定短语和倒装句。由句意和提示词可知，此处用固定短语under no circumstances(决不，无论如何都不要)，表示否定并放在句首，用倒装句式，助动词should提前到主语we前，传递强烈的否定信息。表示“修理”用动词repair，动词位于情态动词后且与主语之间为主动关系，用原形；“电烤炉”用名词短语“electric oven”；表示“自行”用反身代词myself；表示“以防”用介词短语“in case of”；表示“危险”用名词“danger”。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：Under no circumstances should we repair the electric oven ourselves in case of danger.
54．Recalling the fruitful volunteer experience, he was still grateful to the local residents who helped him at that time.
【详解】
考查时态，句子结构，形容词，非谓语动词等。分析可知，表示“回忆起那段收获满满的志愿者经历”为recall the fruitful volunteer experience，动词recall和主语he之间是主动关系，故用其现在分词作状语，形容词fruitful作定语修饰名词短语volunteer experience；表示“他依旧对当时给予他帮助的当地居民心怀感激”为he was still grateful to the local residents who helped him at that time，be grateful to“对……感激”，根据句意，本句描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，主语为he，谓语动词be用过去式was，副词still“依然，依旧”修饰谓语动词，限制性定语从句who helped him at that time用来修饰先行词the local residents，关系代词who引导从句，在从句中用作主语，指代人，谓语动词用过去式。大写句首字母，故翻译为Recalling the fruitful volunteer experience, he was still grateful to the local residents who helped him at that time.
55．Back in the arms of motherland, she could not contain her excitement and said, “Where there is the Five Starred Red Flag, there is a beacon of faith. If faith has color, it must be Chinese red!”
【详解】
考查时态、短语和状语从句。分析句意可知，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。分析句子结构，“回到祖国母亲怀抱”作状语，译为：back in the arms of motherland，“抑制内心的激动”译为：contain her excitement。引言部分为一般现在时，用两个状语从句表达：where引导的地点状语从句和if引导的条件状语从句。 “Where there be…, there be…”译为：有……的地方，就有……，“五星红旗”译为：the Five Starred Red Flag，“信念的灯塔”译为：a beacon of faith；if引导的条件状语从句，主句表示肯定的猜测，用must be，“中国红”译为：Chinese red。综上所述，故翻译为：Back in the arms of motherland, she could not contain her excitement and said, “Where there is the Five Starred Red Flag, there is a beacon of faith. If faith has color, it must be Chinese red!”
56．In an effort to promote students’ wellbeing in body and mind as well as all-round development, our school has further enhanced the management in students’ homework, sleep time, cellphones, reading and physical health. As a consequence, we students all are bathed in the changes that these measurements have brought.
In my part, what influences me most is the increased reading time through various activities. For one thing, our school launches a reading campaign every Wednesday with the aim of raising the awareness of reading more among students. Thanks to the reading activity, I can be more involved in reading classical books, thus arousing my interest in Chinese traditional culture.
From my point of view, the reading campaign is of great benefit to us students. Not only does it broaden our horizon, but also enriches our mind as well as our life.
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就学生五项管理中的一个方面描述自己的经历并发表对此的看法。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
为了：in an effort to→ in order to
沉浸于：be bathed in → be indulged in
因此：as a consequence → consequently
各种各样的：various→a variety of
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Thanks to the reading activity, I can be more involved in reading classical books, thus arousing my interest in Chinese traditional culture.
拓展句：Thanks to the reading activity, I can be more involved in reading classical books, which arouses my interest in Chinese traditional culture.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】As a consequence, we students all are bathed in the changes that these measurements have brought.（运用了that引导的限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Thanks to the reading activity, I can be more involved in reading classical books, thus arousing my interest in Chinese traditional culture.（运用了非谓语动词作状语）
【高分句型3】Not only does it broaden your horizon, but also enriches your mind as well as your life. （运用了not only引导的部分倒装）
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