浙江省杭州第二中学2021-2022学年高三年级上学期模拟考试英语试题

这是一份浙江省杭州第二中学2021-2022学年高三年级上学期模拟考试英语试题，共20页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，推荐信，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。
浙江省杭州第二中学2021-2022学年高三年级上学期模拟考试英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________


一、阅读理解
It was late, about 10:15 p.m., when Janice Esposito arrived at the Bellport, New York, train station, jumped into her Honda Odyssey and began the 20 minute drive home to her husband and sever-year-old son. She'd just returned from visiting her mother and had traveled the route so many times. She practically drove on autopilot: a left onto Station Road, then a left on Montauk Highway, and then - wham! Out of nowhere on that awful night, a car T-boned Esposito's minivan, forcing her backward some 100 feet onto the railroad tracks. She sat in the minivan, bruised (淤伤的) but mostly just stunned by the impact and by the vehicle's airbags.
As it happens, Pete DiPinto was getting ready for bed. He'd just closed his book and was crawling under the covers when he heard the high-pitched clang of metal on metal and shattering glass coming from not far outside his bedroom window. A volunteer firefighter and retired teacher, DiPinto, 64, never stopped to think. He grabbed a flashlight and, still dressed in his pajamas, ran out of the door. The first car he came upon, 2,000 feet from his front yard, was the one that had hit Esposito. Once DiPinto concluded the driver was , he looked around and spotted Esposito's minivan straddling (横跨) the railroad tracks.
And then he heard an upsetting sound: the bells signaling an oncoming train. "Honey, you're on the railroad tracks," DiPinto shouted to Esposito, "We have to get you off right now!" He yanked on the handle, but the door was smashed in and jammed shut. The heavy diesel (柴油) train, traveling at 65 miles per hour, was hurting toward them. Dipinto ran to the passenger side and threw open the door. He pushed aside the flat airbags, grabbed Esposico's arms, and pulled her toward him across the passenger seat until he could help her out and rapidly walk her to safety behind a signal box a few feet away. Within six seconds, he estimates, the train ploughed into the minivan.
1．How did Janice Esposito feel when driving home?
A．Careless. B．Light-hearted. C．Mindful. D．Stunned.
2．What happened to Janice Esposito's minivan?
A．It got stuck on the back.
B．It crashed into a running train.
C．It was hit on the driver's side.
D．It broke down on Station Road.
3．Which of the following can best describe Pete DiPinto?
A．Calm and adventurous.
B．Sensitive and creative.
C．Warm-hearted and diligent.
D．Decisive and experienced.

Bananas and apples continue to ripen after being picked. Cherries and grapes do not. The difference between climacteric (后熟的) and non-climacteric fruits matters to fruit growers and greengrocers, who must ensures their products are in excellent condition when arriving at the marketplace. But how those differences originally came about remains unclear.
In a paper in Biology Letters, Fukano Yuya and Tachiki Yuuya of the University of Tokyo offer a suggestion. Fruits, they observe, exist to solve a problem faced by all plants - how best to spread their progeny around. Wrapping their seeds in a sugary flesh, to provide a tasty meal, serves as a way to got animals to do this for them. They do, however, need to ensure their fruits favour the animals most likely to do the distributing. They propose that climacterism or non-climacterism is a way to achieve this. If ground-living animals are the main distributors, then the continuing ripening of fallen fruit is beneficial. If, by contrast, those distributors are tree-living or flying animals, which can feed on unfallen fruit, then non-climacteric fruits will do well.
To test their idea, the two researchers combed through 276 papers about 80 sorts of fruits. They discovered 35 of these fruits were eaten by both groups of animals. But of those where one group or the other were the dominant consumers, 15 of the 19 eaten mainly by ground-living animals were climacteric.
Their assumption is strengthened by other evidence. They point out non-climacteric fruits tend to have vivid colors which may help them stand out amid the leaves, advertising their presence. Climacteric fruits are generally better hidden, making them harder to spot until they have fallen to the ground.
4．What did the two researchers try to find out through their study?
A．What enables fruits to stay in perfect condition.
B．How some fruits stand out in the trees, but others fail.
C．How many animals play the role of distributors for fruits.
D．Why some fruits stop ripening when picked, and others don't.
5．What does the underlined word "progeny" in the second paragraph mean?
A．Later generations. B．Hidden qualities.
C．Fresh fragrance. D．Unknown disease.
6．What do we know about non-climacteric fruits?
A．Bananas definitely fall into the category.
B．They may appeal to flying birds.
C．They tend to remain hidden among leaves.
D．Ground-living animals generally feed on them.
7．What's the best title of this text?
A．The Condition of Products: What Greengrocers Care.
B．The Reproduction of Plants: Depending on Themselves.
C．The Evolution of Fruit: Finding the Right Distributors.
D．The Choice of Animals: Looking for bright-colored fruits.

Critics of higher education often complain that universities offer too many worthless degrees with little value in the workplace. Since top universities tend to produce higher-earning graduates than less selective institutions do, you might expect them to teach more practical courses. Yet data from Britain's department for education show the opposite. Undergraduate students at leading universities are more likely to study purely academic fields such as philosophy and classics, whereas those at less choosy ones tend to pick career-related topics such as business or nursing.
What could explain this seeming contradiction? One reason is that employers treat a degree from a top university as an indicator of intelligence. This means that students at top institutions can study bookish subjects and still get by financially. The average Cambridge graduate in a creative-arts subject - tho university's least profitable group of courses, including fields such as music - earns around £25, 000 ($32, 400) at age 26. Economics students from less well-known universities, such as Hull, make a similar amount.
Yet even though Oxbridge students can pretend to read "Ulysses" for years and still expect a decent salary, they end up paying a large opportunity cost by pursuing the arts. That is because employers reserve the highest starting wages for students who both attended a leading university and also studied a marketable subject. Cambridge creative-arts graduates earn £11, 000 more at age 26 than do those from Wrexham Glyndwr University, whose arts graduates are the lowest-earning in Britain. In contrast, Cambridge economics graduates make £44, 000 more than those from the University of Salford, where the economics course is the country's least profitable.
Many gifted arts students would struggle to deal with numbers. But for those who can manage both, the cost of sticking with the arts, in terms of future wages, is steep. Cambridge creative-arts students have A-level scores close to those of economics students at Warwick, but earn about half as much. That is equal to giving up an annual income worth £50, 000.
8．What do critics think of British higher education?
A．There are not enough qualified university graduates.
B．University should produce more higher-earning graduates.
C．All universities degrees are of little value in the workplace.
D．Universities should offer more practical education to their students.
9．According to the passage, which student probably gets the highest starting wage?
A．A Hull economics graduate. B．An Oxford arts graduate.
C．A Cambridge economics graduate. D．A Salford arts graduate.
10．What can we can infer from the last paragraph?
A．Cambridge creative-arts students struggle to deal with numbers.
B．Studying a "useless" field at Cambridge costs a fortune in future earnings.
C．Economics students at Warwick can expect an annual income worth £25, 000.
D．Economics students at Warwick have A-level scores close to Cambridge students.


二、七选五
Remember your first day of school? How nervous did you feel when entering the class room? Or what about the first time you rode a bike with all of the excitement coursing through your body? 11． These are known as episodic (片段) memories.
A new study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences has shown that certain cells called time cells, make this type of memory possible. 12． As memories are being formed, these time cells put a stamp on the memories. Later, this stamp helps us recount the exact sequence of events and experiences.
The 27 participants in the study had electrodes (电极) placed in their brains, which allowed scientists to measure cell activity in the hippocampus (海马体) and another area involved in the perception of time. 13． Then they were asked to recall the words. During this time, the scientists looked at the activity of different brain cells. They found specific cells that fired signals during each sequence of words.
Gyorgy Buzsaki, a professor at New York University, said the study is important, as it can explain memory problems found in people who suffered damage to their hippocampus. In one experiment, scientists compared the memories of people who had just taken a tour of a college campus. 14． However, those who had suffered damage to this area of the brain were unable to recall the proper sequence of events.
15． As of September 2019 , around 50 million people worldwide were suffering from dementia (痴呆) and the number will triple by 2050 , according to the World Health Organization. Such studies will help scientists develop better therapeutic interventions (医疗干预) for people suffering from Alzheimer's disease, the cause of 60 to 70 percent of dementia cases.
A.These cells help us form clear memories in a time order.
B.With these cells, we will be suffering from blurry memories.
C.Those without damage to their hippocampus had similar stories.
D.The number of people suffering from memory disorders is increasing.
E.Some memories stick with us and we can recall them like scenes in a movie.
F.The treatment of diseases like dementia (痴呆) has make a breakthrough recently.
G.They were shown sequences of 12 to 15 words on a computer screen in a period of about 30 seconds.


三、完形填空
There's a black walnut (黑胡桃) tree in my backyard. I've been in an 18-year love-hate 16 with it. It's a 17 tree. In late September or early October, falling fruits as hard as baseballs 18 the heads of you. Patio (露台) umbrellas are a must while dining in the garden in early August, and because of the volume of fruit this season, I wear my bike 19 while working in the garden.
The black walnut also releases a chemical substance through its roots as a 20 strategy. It's harmful to several common plants. There have been many new plant varieties that I brought home with 21 that maybe the black walnut would 22 them, but they failed to 23 .
Have I thought of getting rid of this giant pain in my 24 backyard? Yes, however, getting rid of this tree standing at 50 feet with an 87 -inch trunk is 25 . It's also protected under the law. Rightfully so. Trees are important to the urban forest and for all of those that inhabit it. Trees are 26 to numerous birds and insect species and are essential for keeping our environment 27 .
Sometimes I think about my 28 without the black walnut. I can't imagine a spring without the birds who arrive every year and loudly sing their songs before dawn. I'd miss falling asleep on 29 weekend afternoons as I 30 into its leaves before the nuts threaten to fall.
Every spring, I wonder what the season 31 . What are the chances of being knocked 32 while barbecuing? Like any good relationship, I'll never be pleased. I’m 33 with this tree, 34 , my walnut offers a home to wildlife and a 35 that acceptance, instead of resistance, is the better way to be.
16．A．debate B．union C．relationship D．friendship
17．A．unique B．young C．short D．leafless
18．A．squeeze B．wet C．cover D．threaten
19．A．helmet B．suit C．glove D．bag
20．A．strange B．risky C．competitive D．cooperative
21．A．requests B．hopes C．worries D．doubts
22．A．please B．refuse C．accept D．feed
23．A．build up . B．grow up C．dig up D．set down
24．A．beautiful B．empty C．extensive D．tiny
25．A．out of the question B．beyond doubt
C．under discussion D．in progress
26．A．home B．routes . C．means D．fence
27．A．occupied B．equal C．balanced D．disturbed
28．A．life B．work C．family D．dream
29．A．windy B．lonely C．busy D．lazy
30．A．look up B．glance down C．stare at D．watch out
31．A．changes B．holds C．abandons D．selects
32．A．split B．silly C．crazy D．unconscious
33．A．satisfied B．sympathetic C．strict D．stuck
34．A．On the contrary B．In return
C．By the way D．As a result
35．A．forecast B．motto C．reminder D．notice


四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填人适当的内容 (1 个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式.
Scientists have some great news for those who love coffee, tea and wine: Having any of these drinks is associated with a 36． (healthy) and more diverse community of microbes (微生物) living in the gut (肠道).
The opposite is true for consuming sugary drinks and whole milk, as well as for eating a lot of carbohydrates (碳水化合物) and 37． (take) frequent snacks, researchers reported in the journal Science.
"60 food-related factors that influence diversity 38． (find) in an experiment last year,” Dr Alexandra Zhernakova, the first author of the study, said in a 39． (state). Your microbiome is the community of mostly beneficial bacteria, fungi (菌类) and viruses that live on and in your body. These microscopic organisms help you process food and regulate your immune system. Experts believe that the make-up of 40． person's microbial community can also play a role 41． mood disorders and other diseases.
But the study of the microbiome is 42． (relative) new, and scientists are still working out exactly 43． a healthy microbiome looks like.
After analyzing 44． (sample) and comparing them with other data collected, the scientists found that consuming fruits, vegetables and yogurt positively influenced microbial diversity in the gut. 45． did drinking tea, wine, coffee and buttermilk.


五、推荐信
46．假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你班的交换生Jim对中国文学作品感兴趣，准备下学期选修一门相关课程, 向你征询建议。请给Jim写一封邮件, 内容包括:
1. 推荐一门选修课;
2. 说明推荐的理由;
3. 提出学习这门课程的建议。
注意: 1. 词数 80 左右;
2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。

六、读后续写
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一个完整的短文。
He woke suddenly and completely. It was 4 a. m. at Christmas, the hour when his father had always called him to get up and help with milking the cow. Strange how the habit of his youth was with him still, even his father had been dead for 40 years. The magic of Christmas for him was a long childhood past, and he was wondering why he felt so awake when his mind went back to his teenage years.
He was 15 years old then and still on his father’s farm. A few days before Christmas, he heard what his father was saying to his mother.
“Mary, I hate to call Rob in the mornings. He’s growing so fast, and he needs his sleep. I could manage alone.”
“Well, you can’t, Adam.” His mother replied. “Besides, he isn’t a child anymore. It’s time to take his turn.”
When he heard these words, something in him woke: his father loved him so much as had never been thought before. Now that he knew so, there would be no more lying in the mornings waiting to be called. He got up and pulled on his clothes.
On the night before Christmas, he lay thinking about the next day. They were poor, and most of the excitement was in the turkey raised themselves and the mince pies made by his mother. His sisters made presents, and he always saved and bought something for parents.
However, he wished, that Christmas he was fifteen, and that he had a better present for his father than before. He looked out of the window and saw Dad working in a stable. Then a thought struck him: why should he not give his father a special gift out there in the stable? He could get up earlier, quietly go into it and get all the milking done. Then when his father went in to start the milking, he’d see it all done.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
He had woken up twenty times in the night, looking at his watch for a proper time to start.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
He went back in his bedroom with only one minute to jump into bed before hearing his father get up.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


参考答案
1．B
2．C
3．D
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Pete DiPinto拯救出车祸的Janice Esposito的故事。
1．
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“She'd just returned from visiting her mother and had traveled the route so many times.（她刚看完母亲回来，在这条路上走了很多次。）”和“She practically drove on autopilot（她实际上是在自动驾驶仪上开车）”可推知，因为路线很熟悉并且是用自动驾驶仪开车，因此当Janice Esposito开车回家的时候感到轻松愉快。故选B。
2．
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Out of nowhere on that awful night, a car T-boned Esposito's minivan, forcing her backward some 100 feet onto the railroad tracks. She sat in the minivan, bruised but mostly just stunned by the impact and by the vehicle's airbags.（在那个可怕的夜晚，不知从哪里冒出来的一辆汽车撞到了埃斯波西托的小货车上，迫使她向后倒退了大约100英尺，撞到了铁轨上。她坐在小货车里，身上有瘀伤，但大部分时间只是被撞击和车辆的安全气囊震晕了。）”可知，汽车的驾驶员一侧被撞了。故选C。
3．
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“He grabbed a flashlight and, still dressed in his pajamas, ran out of the door.（他抓起手电筒，还穿着睡衣就跑出了门。）”和最后一段“"We have to get you off right now!" He yanked on the handle, but the door was smashed in and jammed shut. The heavy diesel (柴油) train, traveling at 65 miles per hour, was hurting toward them. Dipinto ran to the passenger side and threw open the door. He pushed aside the flat airbags, grabbed Esposico's arms, and pulled her toward him across the passenger seat until he could help her out and rapidly walk her to safety behind a signal box a few feet away. Within six seconds, he estimates, the train ploughed into the minivan.（“我们必须马上把你弄下来!”他猛拉门把手，但门被撞了进去，卡住了。重型柴油火车以每小时65英里的速度向他们驶来。迪平托跑到副驾驶边，猛地打开车门。他推开瘪了的安全气囊，抓住埃斯波西科的胳膊，把她拉到副驾驶座位的另一边，直到他把她拉出来，迅速地把她带到几英尺外的一个信号箱后面的安全地带。他估计，不到六秒钟，火车就撞上了那辆小货车。）”可知，在遇到事情后，他立刻起床查看说明他是果断的，通过整个救援的过程可知，他是经验丰富的。故选D。

4．D
5．A
6．B
7．C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了水果进化过程中如何寻找到合适的传播者来传播它们的后代。
4．
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Bananas and apples continue to ripen after being picked. Cherries and grapes do not. The difference between climacteric (后熟的) and non-climacteric fruits matters to fruit growers and greengrocers, who must ensures their products are in excellent condition when arriving at the marketplace. But how those differences originally came about remains unclear.（香蕉和苹果在采摘后继续成熟。樱桃和葡萄则不然。成熟期水果和非成熟期水果之间的区别对水果种植者和蔬菜水果商来说很重要，他们必须确保他们的产品在到达市场时处于良好的状态。但这些分歧最初是如何产生的仍不清楚。）”和文章第二段“In a paper in Biology Letters, Fukano Yuya and Tachiki Yuuya of the University of Tokyo offer a suggestion.（在《生物学快报》上发表的一篇论文中，东京大学的深野祐也(Fukano Yuya)和立木祐也(Tachiki Yuuya)提出了一个建议。）”可知，两位研究人员试图通过研究找出为什么有些水果采摘后会停止成熟，而另一些则不会。故选D。
5．
词句猜测题。根据下文“Wrapping their seeds in a sugary flesh, to provide a tasty meal, serves as a way to got animals to do this for them.（将种子包裹在含糖的果肉中，作为一顿美味的晚餐，这是一种让动物为它们做这些的方法。）”可知，他们观察到，果实的存在是为了解决所有植物都面临的一个问题——如何最好地传播它们的后代。progeny意为“后代”。故选A。
6．
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“They point out non-climacteric fruits tend to have vivid colors which may help them stand out amid the leaves, advertising their presence.（他们指出，处于非成熟期的水果往往有鲜艳的颜色，这可能有助于它们在叶子中脱颖而出，宣传自己的存在。）”可知，非成熟期的水果可能对飞禽有吸引力。故选B。
7．
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“But how those differences originally came about remains unclear.（但这些分歧最初是如何产生的仍不清楚。）”和文章第二段“In a paper in Biology Letters, Fukano Yuya and Tachiki Yuuya of the University of Tokyo offer a suggestion. Fruits, they observe, exist to solve a problem faced by all plants - how best to spread their progeny around.（在《生物学快报》上发表的一篇论文中，东京大学的深野祐也(Fukano Yuya)和立木祐也(Tachiki Yuuya)提出了一个建议。他们观察到，果实的存在是为了解决所有植物都面临的一个问题——如何最好地传播它们的后代。）”可知，文章主要讲述了水果的进化过程中如何选择合适的传播者。故选C。

8．D
9．C
10．B
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了英国大学提供了很多毫无价值的学位的原因。
8．
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Critics of higher education often complain that universities offer too many worthless degrees with little value in the workplace. Since top universities tend to produce higher-earning graduates than less selective institutions do, you might expect them to teach more practical courses.（高等教育的批评者经常抱怨大学提供了太多毫无价值的学位，对工作没有什么价值。由于顶尖大学往往比一般院校培养出收入更高的毕业生，你可能会期望它们教授更多实用的课程。）”可知，批判者认为大学应该为学生提供更多实用的教育。故选D。
9．
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The average Cambridge graduate in a creative-arts subject - tho university's least profitable group of courses, including fields such as music - earns around £25, 000 ($32, 400) at age 26. Economics students from less well-known universities, such as Hull, make a similar amount.（创意艺术是剑桥大学利润最低的一门课程，包括音乐等领域，剑桥大学的创意艺术专业毕业生在26岁时的平均收入约为2.5万英镑(3.24万美元)。来自赫尔(Hull)等不太知名大学的经济学专业学生的收入也差不多。）”和文章第三段”Cambridge creative-arts graduates earn £11, 000 more at age 26 than do those from Wrexham Glyndwr University, whose arts graduates are the lowest-earning in Britain. In contrast, Cambridge economics graduates make £44, 000 more than those from the University of Salford, where the economics course is the country's least profitable.（剑桥创意艺术专业的毕业生在26岁时比雷克瑟姆格林杜尔大学的毕业生多挣1.1万英镑，而雷克瑟姆格林杜尔大学的艺术专业毕业生是英国收入最低的。相比之下，剑桥大学经济学毕业生比索尔福德大学(University of Salford)毕业生多挣4.4万英镑，而索尔福德大学的经济学课程是英国利润最低的。）”可知，剑桥大学经济学毕业生的起薪可能是最高的。故选C。
10．
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Cambridge creative-arts students have A-level scores close to those of economics students at Warwick, but earn about half as much. That is equal to giving up an annual income worth £50, 000.（剑桥创意艺术系学生的A-level成绩接近华威大学经济学学生，但收入只有他们的一半。这相当于放弃了5万英镑的年收入。）”可推知，在剑桥学习一个“无用”的领域，未来的收入会损失一大笔钱。故选B。

11．E
12．A
13．G
14．C
15．D
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》(Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)杂志上的一项新研究表明，某些被称为时间细胞的细胞使情景记忆成为可能。
11．
根据下文“These are known as episodic memories.（这些被称为情景记忆。）”可知，上文对情景记忆进行解释。E项：Some memories stick with us and we can recall them like scenes in a movie.（有些记忆挥之不去，我们可以回忆起它们，就像电影中的场景一样。）符合语境。故选E。
12．
根据下文“As memories are being formed, these time cells put a stamp on the memories. Later, this stamp helps us recount the exact sequence of events and experiences.（当记忆形成时，这些时间细胞就会在记忆上留下印记。之后，这张邮票帮助我们叙述事件和经历的确切顺序。）”可知，空处解释这些细胞如何帮助我们形成记忆。A项中的“in a time order ”和下文中的“recount the exact sequence of events and experiences”对应。A项：These cells help us form clear memories in a time order.（这些细胞帮助我们按时间顺序形成清晰的记忆。）符合语境。故选A。
13．
根据上文“The 27 participants in the study had electrodes placed in their brains, which allowed scientists to measure cell activity in the hippocampus and another area involved in the perception of time.（这项研究的27名参与者在他们的大脑中放置了电极，这让科学家可以测量海马体和另一个与时间感知有关的区域的细胞活动）”可知，此处是在说明试验的过程。G项：They were shown sequences of 12 to 15 words on a computer screen in a period of about 30 seconds.（他们在大约30秒的时间里在电脑屏幕上看到12到15个单词的序列。）符合语境。故选G。
14．
根据下文“However, those who had suffered damage to this area of the brain were unable to recall the proper sequence of events. （然而，那些大脑这一区域受损的人无法回忆起事件的正确顺序。）”可知，空处和下文形成转折关系，C项中的“damage to their hippocampus ”与下文中“damage to this area of the brain ”对应。C项：Those without damage to their hippocampus had similar stories.（那些海马体没有受损的人也有类似的经历。）符合语境。故选C。
15．
根据下文“As of September 2019 , around 50 million people worldwide were suffering from dementia and the number will triple by 2050 , according to the World Health Organization. （根据世界卫生组织的数据，截至2019年9月，全球约有5000万人患有痴呆症，到2050年，这一数字将增加两倍。）”可知，本段主要讲述了患有记忆障碍的病人数量在不断增加。D项：The number of people suffering from memory disorders is increasing.（患有记忆障碍的人数正在增加。）符合语境。故选D。

16．C
17．A
18．D
19．A
20．C
21．B
22．C
23．B
24．D
25．A
26．A
27．C
28．A
29．D
30．A
31．B
32．D
33．D
34．B
35．C
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者家的花园里有一颗黑胡桃树，作者对它的感情很复杂，一方面想要清理它，因为黑胡桃树的果实会砸到自己，并且它会释放出气味影响其他植物的生长，另一方面，这棵树受法律保护，作者无法清理它。最后作者释然了，因为黑胡桃树为野生动物提供了一个家，并提醒我们接受，而不是抵抗，是更好的方式。
16．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对它爱恨交加了18年。A. debate辩论，争论；B. union联盟，结合；C. relationship关系；D. friendship友谊。根据“Like any good relationship, I'll never be pleased.”可知，此处是信息词relationship的词汇复现。故选C。
17．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一棵独特的树。A. unique独特的；B. young年轻的；C. short短的；D. leafless没有叶子的。根据“I've been in an 18-year love-hate ___1___ with it.”可知，作者对这棵树的感情是爱恨交织在一起的，因此这棵树是独特的。故选A。
18．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在九月末或十月初，像棒球一样坚硬的掉落的果实会威胁到你的头。A. squeeze挤压，榨取；B. wet使潮湿；C. cover覆盖；D. threaten威胁，恐吓。根据“falling fruits as hard as baseballs”可知，黑胡桃树的果实像棒球一样坚硬，因此会威胁到头部。故选D。
19．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：八月初在花园里用餐时，露台伞是必不可少的，因为这个季节果实很多，我在花园里工作时戴着自行车头盔。A. helmet头盔；B. suit套装；C. glove手套；D. bag包。根据“because of the volume of fruit this season”可知，因为这个季节果实很多，作者在花园里工作时戴着自行车头盔。故选A。
20．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一种竞争策略，黑胡桃树也会通过根部释放一种化学物质。A. strange奇怪的；B. risky；C. competitive有竞争性的；D. cooperative合作的。根据“It's harmful to several common plants.”可知，作为一种竞争策略，黑胡桃树也会通过根部释放一种化学物质。故选C。
21．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我带了很多新的植物品种回家，希望黑核桃树能接受它们，但它们没有长大。A. requests要求；B. hopes希望；C. worries担心；D. doubts怀疑。根据“There have been many new plant varieties that I brought home”可知，作者满怀希望地带了很多新的植物品种回家种植。故选B。
22．
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. please使愉快；B. refuse拒绝；C. accept接受；D. feed喂养。作者希望黑胡桃树能够接受这些新的植物品种。故选C。
23．
考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. build up建立；B. grow up成长；C. dig up挖出，查出；D. set down记下。根据“but they failed to”可知，这些新的植物品种没能生长。故选B。
24．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我有没有想过在我小小的后院摆脱这个巨大的痛苦？A. beautiful美丽的；B. empty空的；C. extensive广阔的；D. tiny极小的。根据“giant pain”可知，和巨大的痛苦进行对比，作者地后花园是很小的。故选D。
25．
考查固定短语辨析。句意：是的，然而，除掉这棵50英尺高、87英寸树干的树是不可能的。A. out of question根本不可能；B. beyond doubt毫无疑问；C. under discussion正在讨论中；D. in progress在进行中。根据“It's also protected under the law.”可知，因为这棵树受法律保护，作者不能除掉它。故选A。
26．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：树木是众多鸟类和昆虫的家园，对保持环境平衡至关重要。A. home家；B. routes路线；C. means方式，方法；D. fence篱笆。根据“my walnut offers a home to wildlife”可知，此处是信息词home的词汇复现。故选A。
27．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. occupied被占领的，忙于；B. equal平等的；C. balanced平衡的；D. disturbed精神紊乱的。根据“Trees are important to the urban forest and for all of those that inhabit it.”可知，树木对保持环境平衡至关重要。故选C。
28．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时我会想没有黑胡桃树的生活。A. life生活；B. work工作；C. family家庭；D. dream梦想。根据“I can't imagine a spring without the birds who arrive every year and loudly sing their songs before dawn.”可知，作者有时候会想象没有黑胡桃树的生活。故选A。
29．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我怀念在慵懒的周末下午在坚果快要掉下来之前抬头看树叶时睡着的日子。A. windy有风的；B. lonely孤独的；C. busy忙的；D. lazy懒惰的。根据“falling asleep”可知，此处表示怀念慵懒的周末下午。故选D。
30．
考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. look up查阅，向上看；B. glance down扫视；C. stare at盯着；D. watch out当心。根据“before the nuts threaten to fall.”可知，在坚果快要掉下来之前抬头看树叶。故选A。
31．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：每年春天，我都想知道这个季节拥有什么。A. changes改变；B. holds拥有；C. abandons抛弃；D. selects挑选。根据“What are the chances of being knocked _____17_____ while barbecuing?”可知，作者想要知道这个季节拥有什么。故选B。
32．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：烧烤时被打晕的几率有多大?A. split分裂的；B. silly愚蠢的；C. crazy疯狂的；D. unconscious无知觉的。根据“In late September or early October, falling fruits as hard as baseballs ___3___ the heads of you.”可知，此处表示被掉下来的果实砸的失去意识。故选D。
33．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我被这棵树困住了，所以我会倾听它的需要，给它需要的空间。A. satisfied满意的；B. sympathetic同情的；C. strict严厉的；D. stuck被困住的。根据“Yes, however, getting rid of this tree standing at 50 feet with an 87 -inch trunk is ___10___.”可知，作者无法清理掉这棵树，因此被困住了。故选D。
34．
考查固定短语辨析。句意：作为回报，我的黑胡桃桃树为野生动物提供了一个家，并提醒我们接受，而不是抵抗，是更好的方式。A. On the contrary相反；B. In return作为回报；C. By the way顺便说一下；D. As a result结果。根据“my walnut offers a home to wildlife”可知，此处表示黑胡桃树为野生动物提供了一个家是这棵树给作者的回报。故选B。
35．
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. forecast预测；B. motto座右铭；C. reminder提醒人的事物；D. notice通知。根据“acceptance, instead of resistance, is the better way to be”可知，这棵树作为一个提醒者，告诉人们接受，而不是抵抗，是更好的方式。故选C。

36．healthier
37．taking
38．were found
39．statement
40．a
41．in
42．relatively
43．what
44．samples
45．So
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了经常喝咖啡、茶喝白酒的人的肠道里有更健康喝更多样性的微生物，这对人们的健康是有利的。
36．
考查形容词比较级。句意：科学家们给那些喜欢咖啡、茶和葡萄酒的人带来了一些好消息：饮用这些饮料中的任何一种，都与肠道内生活着更健康、更多样化的微生物群落有关。分析句子结构可知，空处需填形容词作定语，结合“more diverse”可知，此处使用形容词比较级。故填healthier。
37．
考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员在《科学》(Science)杂志上报告称，摄入含糖饮料和全脂牛奶、摄入大量碳水化合物和经常吃零食的情况则正好相反。空处和eating并列，需填动名词作介词for的宾语。故填taking。
38．
考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：该研究的第一作者亚历山德拉·热尔纳科娃博士在一份声明中说:“去年的一项实验发现了60个与食物有关的影响多样性的因素。”根据时间状语“last year”可知，此处使用一般过去时，主语为factors，是复数名词，和find为被动关系，需用被动语态。故填were found。
39．
考查名词。句意同上。不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词，空处需填名词“声明”。故填statement。
40．
考查冠词。句意：专家认为，一个人的微生物群落的组成也可能在情绪障碍和其他疾病中发挥作用。community为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且person's发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a限定。故填a。
41．
考查介词。句意同上。play a role in为固定短语，意为“在……中起作用”。故填in。
42．
考查副词。句意：但对微生物群的研究相对较新，科学家们仍在研究健康的微生物群到底是什么样子。修饰形容词new需用副词。故填relatively。
43．
考查宾语从句。句意同上。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。
44．
考查名词。句意：在分析了样本并将其与其他收集到的数据进行比较后，科学家们发现，食用水果、蔬菜和酸奶对肠道微生物多样性有积极的影响。空处需填名词作宾语，sample是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需用名词复数形式。故填samples。
45．
考查倒装句。句意：茶、酒、咖啡和酪乳也是如此。“so+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语”为倒装结构，表示“……也是”。位于句首，首字母需大写。故填So。
46．Dear Jim,
I am glad that you are interested in Chinese culture and eager to explore more. I think the Ancient Poetry is your best choice.
By learning Chinese ancient poems, you can have an extensive knowledge of history and culture in ancient China. Also, you can feel the charm of language by reading poems, which helps to improve your Chinese. To follow the course well, you’d better read and recite as many poems as possible. Besides, it is a good idea to search for related background knowledge so that you will fully understand the conception of poetry.
What do you think of the course? I am sure you will have a lot of fun from it.
Yours,
Li Hua
【分析】
本篇书面表达是一篇应用文，要求考生给交换生Jim写一封邮件，推荐一门选修课，并提出相关学习建议。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
选择：choice→option
帮助：help→assist
此外：besides→in addition
相关的：related→relevant
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：To follow the course well, you’d better read and recite as many poems as possible.
拓展句：In order that you can follow the course well, you’d better read and recite as many poems as possible.
【点睛】
[高分句型1]
I am glad that you are interested in Chinese culture and eager to explore more.（that引导宾语从句）
[高分句型2]
Also, you can feel the charm of language by reading poems, which helps to improve your Chinese.（which引导非限制性定语从句）
47．Para 1:
He must have woken twenty times in the night, looking at his watch for a proper time to start. It was at a quarter to three when he got up and went out, careful of an occasional sound. The cows in the stable looked at him, sleepy and surprised. It was early for them, too, but they accepted him calmly for milking. He had never milked before, but it seemed easy for him, with the cows behaving well. Eventually the task, a special gift for father, went more easily than supposed, and with two full milk cans, he left the stable silently and went back to his bedroom.
Para 2:
He went back in his bedroom with only one minute to jump into bed before hearing his father get up. He covered his head to silence his breath of excitement. His father came in, “Rob! We have to get up and get everything started.” “All right…” he replied sleepily. Yet he lay still, his dancing heart beating violently out from his body when the door opened again. His father came in with a crying laugh, pulling away his cover, “you thought you’d fool me, did you?” “It’s for Christmas, Dad!” He happily replied. Dark as it was outside, he could feel two great arms around him, a hug to recognize his growth.
【分析】
本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了父亲总是不忍心叫Rob起得很早跟自己去挤奶，这也让Rob认识到了父亲对自己的爱，于是Rob在圣诞节这天起得很早，去把所有的挤奶工作都做完了，以此作为给父亲的特别礼物。
【详解】
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“他夜里肯定醒了20次，看了看表，想要准时开始。”可知，第一段可描写Rob早起去挤奶的经过。
②由第二段首句内容“他回到卧室，在听到父亲起床之前，他只有一分钟的时间跳上床。”可知，第二段可描写父亲发现Rob的所作所为之后的感受和做法，以及Rob的感悟
2.续写线索：Rob早起——Rob挤奶——Rob回到卧室——父亲来叫Rob——父亲发现了Rob完成了挤奶工作——Rob感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①离开：leave/go away
②回去：go back to/return
③回答：reply/respond
情绪类
①惊讶的：surprised/amazed
②高兴地：happily/joyfully
【点睛】
[高分句型1] He had never milked before, but it seemed easy for him, with the cows behaving well. (运用了with的复合结构)
[高分句型2] Yet he lay still, his dancing heart beating violently out from his body when the door opened again. (运用了when引导时间状语从句)