辽宁省实验学校2021届高三下学期四模英语试题

这是一份辽宁省实验学校2021届高三下学期四模英语试题，共22页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，其他应用文，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。

辽宁省实验学校2021届高三下学期四模英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________


一、阅读理解
2021 Spring Break Activities
From science and nature to art and baking, there are many activities to occupy children in the upcoming weeks in spring.
FREE SPRING BREAK ACTIVITY
615-416-2001
Ages 3-17. Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum, 222 Fifth Ave. S, Nashville. March 6-April 5,daily 9am-5pm. Free for children in Davidson and other places. But adult admission is $25.95. children can pick up some souvenirs while exploring the museum’s exhibits and new artifacts.
SPRING BREAK HOUSE CAMP
615-556-7370
Ages 5-17. Harris Riding Academy, 6331W. Franklin Road, Murfreesboro. Monday through Friday 9am-3pm. Admission: $50 single half day, $80 single full day, $250 half-day week, $375 full-day week. Meet the herd of horses and ride, study different topics about horses, make horse crafts, participate in feeding horses and so on.
KIDS BAKING CAMP
615-956-6077
Ages 6-15. The Curious Kitchen, 1602 Northfirld Blvd, Murfreeboro. Today through Friday 10am-1pm. Admission: $250. Learn to develop knife skills and read recipes, and more while making goodies like pies, cookies, cupcakes, chocolate cakes, candies and more.
ASC MAKER CAMP
615-862-5160
Ages 12-18. Adventure Science center, 800 Fort Negley Blvd, Nashville. 9am-3pm. $550 non-members. In the “Innovation and Imagine” maker-space, participants will explore the “innovation, imagination and manufacture” process by designing and making a suit of cardboard armor( 盔甲) to create a fictional world. The camp runs this Monday through Friday.
1．How much will the twin brothers pay for SPRING BREAK HOUSE CAMP for a half day?
A．$100 B．$160
C．$250 D．$375
2．What can we learn about the ASC MAKER CAMP?
A．It is dangerous for little children.
B．Children will travel in a fictional world
C．It helps stimulate children’s imagination.
D．Members are treated better than non-members
3．Where will children probably go in order to enjoy cooking in the kitchen?
A．222 Fifth Ave B．6331 Franklin Road
C．800 Fort Negley Blvd D．1602 Northfirld Blvd

Alysa Liu is an ice skater. In 2016, the then 10-year-old girl became the youngest intermediate figure skating （花样滑冰）champion in U.S. history. In 2018, Liu became the youngest to compete in and win the U.S. junior championships.
In January, 2019, she made history again at the Geico U.S. Women's Figure Skating Championships. At the championships, things were initially going well for the defending U.S. champion Bradie Tennell. But later Tennell had a falling in her performance. Meanwhile, Liu became the first and youngest U.S. woman to land three triple axels（三周半跳）in competition.
Though Liu made them look, easy, triple axels are extremely challenging. The skater has to jump from the outside edge of one skate, turning in the air. "Double" or “triple" refers to the number of rotations （旋转）the skater completes before landing. The term is a little misleading given that the skater has to do an extra half rotation, meaning that for a triple, the skater is actually completing 3.5 rotations. To be successful, the skater has to have both incredible body strength and control.
When asked about her great performance, Liu thought it was not worth showing off. And she was enthusiastic about preparing for bigger games. But Liu was ineligible to compete at the 2019 World Figure Skating Championships in Japan due to the minimum age requirement of 15. However, that didn't bother her.
Liu fell in love with ice skating during her first lesson at a center. She showed such talent that Laura Lipetsky, who was teaching the group lessons, asked her father to let her receive private lessons. Lipetsky said, “She wanted to learn, and I wanted to guide." The two have been inseparable since then. In 2017 Laura sent Liu to the University of Delaware for a certain analysis that researchers have created to help outstanding American skaters improve their jump techniques.
Liu has been homeschooled since the age of 10. She gets her homework done between daily practices, and usually eats dinner in the car on her way home. Though that might appear to be a lot for someone so young, Liu takes it happily.
4．What achievement did Alysa make at the age of 13?
A．She won the U.S. junior championships.
B．She was allowed to compete in the 2019 championships in Japan.
C．She became an intermediate figure skating champion.
D．She defeated the defending U.S. champion Bradie Tennell.
5．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．The requirements for figure skating.
B．The difficulty of carrying out triple axels.
C．The skills needed in skating rotations.
D．The differences between double axels and triple axels.
6．What does the underlined word "ineligible" in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Lacking time. B．Lacking confidence.
C．Having no qualification. D．Showing little enthusiasm.
7．What can we learn about Laura Lipetsky?
A．She was good at teaching group lessons.
B．She instructed Liu's father in figure skating.
C．She made a contribution in Liu's progress in sports.
D．She obtained great support from Liu and her father.

A simple paper sensor （传感器）featuring smiley and sad faces drawn in ultraviolet-sensitive （UV-sensitive,紫外线敏感的）ink has been produced by researchers in an attempt to keep us safe in the sun. Scientists say the different facial expressions appear in sequence as UV exposure increases, offering a low-tech way for people to judge when it is time to cover up.
Further, the sensor can respond to varying levels of the different components of UV radiation. While ultraviolet — A ray （UVA） is thought to cause skin ageing and wrinkles, it is mainly UVB that cause sunburn and leads to skin cancer.
While Bansal noted weather reports often contain a UV index to give a guide to the strength of UV radiation, it doesn5t tell people whether they are within safe levels of exposure at that time, and it's usually based on the standard for fair skin.
Writing in the journal Nature Communications, Bansal and his colleagues describe how they sought to handle the issue by creating a cheap device based on phosphomolybdic acid or PMA．This substance turns from colorless to blue in the presence of lactic acid （乳酸）and UV radiation. The team then used this mixture of lactic acid and PMA as an ink to draw four invisible faces on paper, and used some transparent sheets to create filters （滤色片）that were put on top of the faces. This allowed the researchers to finely adjust the intensity of UV radiation reaching the ink so that the faces could change color in sequence as exposure to UV radiation rose from 25% to 50%, then 75%, and finally 100% of a “safe" amount.
By further adjusting the number of filters for each of the four faces, the team were able to adjust the system to produce different sensors to work for six different skin tones, like dark, fair or olive skin. Bansal said that while these devices were designed using UV light in the laboratory, they are currently being tested in outdoor conditions. The team hope that the sensors will be on the market in a year, costing about one Australian dollar a piece.
8．What is the main function of the simple paper sensor?
A．To encourage people to cover up in full sun.
B．To inform people of the harm of UV radiation.
C．To tell the difference between UVA and UVB．
D．To remind people to pay attention to UV exposure.
9．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 3?
A．Explain the necessity of the sensor.
B．Present the safe level of UV exposure.
C．Introduce the advantages of the sensor.
D．Provide the tips on preventing UV radiation.
10．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．The materials used in the sensor.
B．The working principle of the sensor.
C．The inspiration to invent the sensor.
D．The operational method of the sensor.
11．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．The device will come into market soon.
B．Different sensors adopt different facial expressions.
C．The device has functioned effectively in the open air.
D．Different skin tones respond to UV radiation differently.

Years of exposure to Americans has, at last, convinced me of something about their food culture. I now think they’re correct in one of life’s great dilemmas: when eating at a restaurant, it is really fine to politely send your food back if it is not what you ordered, or covered in cheese when you asked for no cheese, etc.
Of course, the idea makes me feel anxious; the British fear of making a scene is planted in my soul. But what persuaded me, in the end, was realizing how self-centered that fear actually is. Are you really such a big deal that your no-cheese request will embarrass your fellow diners, ruin the waiter's day, and send waves of shock through the kitchen? Face it: you're not. Instead, you're in the situation of what might be termed “egocentric reticence (以自我为中心的沉默).”
Egocentric reticence raised its head again the other day in a study about gratitude, which found that people underestimate how much delight a thank-you note can bring. The psychologists Amit Kumar and Nicholas Epley had people send grateful messages to someone who'd made a difference to their lives. Again and again, they found, senders assumed their words would lead to less happiness and more awkwardness than they really did, and that recipients would judge their letter-writing competence cruelly, too. Even in the seemingly selfless context of expressing gratitude, senders couldn’t help giving too much weight to their own perspective. So if you stop yourself from sending someone a thank-you note because you're worried you'll make them feel awkward or annoyed, you are letting egocentrism prevent an action that would have made both of you happier.
The most acute form of egocentric reticence, surely, is extreme shyness. “Shyness is just egotism out of its depth,” famous actress Penelope Keith once told an interviewer. The quote was later regarded as a line the writer Sadie Stein credits with curing her own shyness. “For some reason, the clear cruelty of that quote was what I needed, ” Stein wrote. “OK, I thought... No one is looking at you.”
12．Before contacting Americans, the author thought sending restaurant food back was ________.
A．certainly a customer's right
B．fine to do just in some cultures
C．acceptable but not worthy sometimes
D．embarrassing and would cause trouble
13．If someone is in a situation of egocentric reticence, he might ________.
A．hesitate to do something due to self-centered reasons
B．keep sending waves of shock to others
C．be ignorant of other people's feelings
D．do something extremely embarrassing
14．What did the study about gratitude find?
A．People may regard sending grateful messages unimportant.
B．It's common for Americans to send a thank-you letter.
C．It's important to thank others after being helped.
D．People often take a thank-you note for granted.
15．What does Sadie Stein's story tell us?
A．We sometimes need shyness to behave well.
B．We should pay no attention to other people's thoughts.
C．We can overcome our shyness by removing our egotism.
D．We should avoid being exposed to other people's focus.


二、七选五
You may be concerned about how to clear clutter (杂乱的东西) from your bedroom and basement. 16． As May planting season is drawing near, turn your attention towards what can help your garden grow.
Define “weeds” for yourself.
I have always defined weeds as “unwanted plants”. Some, like clover (三叶草),have positive characteristics like enriching the soil. Others, like dandelion greens, can be eaten. So one gardener's weeds might be another gardener's dinner! Decide what you truly value. 17．
Enjoy the weeding process.
Weed removal is a never-ending process. Try to treat the activity in a positive way. You can casually pull weeds as you spot them when walking by your gardens. 18． Whatever attention you are able to give to your weeds is OK — even though you'll never feel quite “finished”, remind yourself that every weed pulled means progress.
19．
After months of being absorbed in colorful garden catalogue, I often hit the nursery (苗圃) in May, filled with inspiration and adventure. “This year,” I say, “I'll try everything!” But time has taught me that this wild ambition can work against me. If I choose too many plants to experiment with, my plantings will crowd each other out. Try making a map of your garden before you head to the garden center, using the recommended spacing to guide your design.
Reassess your garden tool collection.
Just like indoor clutter, garden clutter can result from having too many tools. Some tools are necessary for every gardener. 20． They can build up and collect dust or dirt. So go through your tools and decide which tools don't work for you and which are your forever garden companions.
A.Make a clear garden plan.
B.Sort out your garden tools.
C.But what about clutter in your garden?
D.And then pull the rest, without hesitation.
E.Weeds can crowd out your intentional plantings.
F.But too many of them can also cause trouble to you.
G.Or you can set aside time to go all out for weed removal.


三、完形填空
The complaints started a few weeks after Frances moved into her new apartment. Last year, the health-care worker and her roommate began 21 messages from the building's security officer, passed on from the woman living in the unit below — they were too 22 , moved chairs too often and their guests talked and laughed loud.
To Frances, the noises were part of everyday living. Her roommate tended to drop things. Frances' children 23 visited and ran around. "It was 24 ”says Frances. "Anything we did caused her to complain - and she owns and we rent, so if we couldn't solve it, we assumed it was we who would have to move.”
To make matters worse, Frances and her neighbor couldn't talk to each other. The key fobs for their building allowed 25 only to their own floors. Though they lived just meters 26 they had no way to reach out and bridge their divide---across which Frances could feel bad feelings 27 , “When you don't know the person, you expect the worst," says Frances. "We thought this neighbor 28 us."
Frances had no way to know what her neighbour was thinking about or what she was like, so she found it easy to presume the worst. Social psychologist call it fundamental attribution （归因）error”, the act of believing that what a person does reflects their real 29 . "If we experience something as being negative 30 the effect it has on us, we automatically assume negative intention on the other person's part," 31 a conflict consultant. And that can create a spiral （螺旋形）of 32 without end. If colleagues make a paperwork mistake, we think they are 33 , when they might just be overworked. If someone 34 us off in traffic, we suppose they are careless, 35 possibly dealing with an emergency.
21．A．accepting B．taking C．receiving D．admitting
22．A．noisy B．joyous C．impolite D．strict
23．A．officially B．hardly C．naturally D．occasionally
24．A．interesting B．moving C．frustrating D．irritating
25．A．way B．access C．road D．route
26．A．out B．apart C．down D．above
27．A．disappearing B．rewarding C．damaging D．increasing
28．A．hated B．feared C．liked D．annoyed
29．A．intelligence B．character C．appearance D．ability
30．A．in terms of B．in search of C．in charge of D．in case of
31．A．questions B．asks C．explains D．argues
32．A．discussion B．competition C．cooperation D．conflict
33．A．upset B．cheerful C．lazy D．tired
34．A．calls B．cuts C．sees D．sets
35．A．rather than B．apart from C．other than D．more than


四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Actor Chadwick Boseman has died at 43. He brought the movie Black Panther to life with his extraordinary charm and 36． (perform).
In 2016, Boseman 37． (make) his Marvel Cinematic Universe debut (首秀)as Black Panther in Captain American: Civil War. With his role 38． King T' Challa in the film Black Panther, he became an inspiring idol 39． (global). That role was the honor of Boseman's career. Black Panther then got his own stand-alone movie in 2018, 40． (break) box office records.
Martin Luther King III said, “Boseman brought history to life with his 41． (role). As Black Panther, he was considered 42． (be) a superhero in the eyes of many people. And despite four years of fighting against cancer, he kept fighting and inspiring. He will 43．(miss).”
Actor Mark Ruffalo, 44． starred as Hulk in the Marvel movies, said, “What a man, and what a talent. Brother, you were one of the 45． (great) people in history and your greatness was only beginning. Please rest in power, King.”


五、其他应用文
46．假定你是李华，你的英国笔友John来信向你了解你市垃圾分类的情况，请你给他写一封回信，内容包括：
1.介绍相关情况；
2.谈谈你的看法。
注意：
1.词数80词左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3.开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear John,
I am so glad to receive your letter.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,
Li Hua

六、读后续写
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
I discovered my love for writing while working on my undergraduate degree in English. I fell in love with children's literature and knew that was what I wanted to do with my life: write for children. So I wanted to learn how to write. But life kept me busy, and my dream stopped.
Two decades later, I wanted to sign up for a university's writing program for adults to accept the education of writing. 1 hoped to greatly improve my writing skills and then start my writing journey. So I applied to a university for such a writing program.
But after several days of taking the courses, I found the learning tasks were too heavy in light of my busy family life, so I dropped out of the program.
Over the next few years, I applied to several universities’ writing programs again. However, still due to the busy family life, I gave up after only a few days of taking the courses. And I knew I would never apply to a school again. I had closed that door.
Two years ago, my husband got a new job, requiring us to move from our home in Texas to Washington, D．C．it wasn't an easy move. The family part was the problem. No one would be moving with us. All our children had grown up. So when we sat down for dinner in our new home-the big, empty and quiet house, only my husband and me, I didn't know how to deal with the quiet life.
One morning, I woke up from a dream. In my dream, I had contacted the last university's writing department, asked to rejoin their writing program for adults, and was allowed. The dream had shaken me. So, before I got out of bed or changed my mind, I picked up my phone and sent an e-mail asking what I would need to do to reapply.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右：
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
Hours passed and there was no reply.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph 2:
Then a few weeks later, I began my courses.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


参考答案
1．A
2．C
3．D
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。广告介绍了四项春假活动。
1．
细节理解题。根据SPRING BREAK HOUSE CAMP项目中“Admission: $50 single half day, $80 single full day, $250 half-day week, $375 full-day week.”（门票：单半天$50，单全日$80，半天每周$250，全日每周$375。）可知，一个人半天五十美元，所以这对双胞胎兄弟半天需要付100美元。故选A项。
2．
推理判断题。根据ASC MAKER CAMP项目中“In the “Innovation and Imagine” maker-space, participants will explore the “innovation, imagination and manufacture” process by designing and making a suit of cardboard armor( 盔甲) to create a fictional world.”（在“创新与想像”制造者空间，参加者将探索“创新、想像与制造”的过程，设计并制作一套硬纸板盔甲，创造一个虚构的世界。）可知，这个项目有助于激发孩子们的想象力。故选C项。
3．
推理判断题。根据KIDS BAKING CAMP项目中“The Curious Kitchen, 1602 Northfirld Blvd, Murfreeboro. ”（奇怪的厨房，1602 Northfirld Blvd，Murfreeboro。）以及“Learn to develop knife skills and read recipes, and more while making goodies like pies, cookies, cupcakes, chocolate cakes, candies and more.”（学习使用刀具的技巧，阅读食谱，并且在做馅饼、饼干、纸杯蛋糕、巧克力蛋糕、糖果等食物的时候学习更多。）可知，要在厨房里享受烹饪活动，孩子们可以去1602 Northfirld Blvd。故选D项。

4．D
5．B
6．C
7．C
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是美国滑冰运动员Alysa Liu取得的成绩以及成功经历。
4．
细节理解题。根据第二段中“In January, 2019, she made history again at the Geico U.S. Women's Figure Skating Championships. At the championships, things were initially going well for the defending U.S. champion Bradie Tennell.（2019年1月，她在Geico美国女子花样滑冰锦标赛上再次创造历史。在锦标赛上，美国卫冕冠军布拉迪·坦内尔(Bradie Tennell)最初进展顺利）”可知，阿丽莎在13岁的时候她击败了美国卫冕冠军布拉迪·坦内尔。故选D。
5．
主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Though Liu made them look, easy, triple axels are extremely challenging. The skater has to jump from the outside edge of one skate, turning in the air. "Double" or “triple" refers to the number of rotations （旋转）the skater completes before landing.（虽然Liu让他们看起来很简单，但三周半跳非常有挑战性。溜冰者必须从一只溜冰鞋的外侧跳下来，在空中转弯。“双转”或“三转”指的是选手在落地前完成的旋转次数）”可知，本段讲述的是“三周半跳的难度。”故选B。
6．
词义猜测题。根据第四段中“due to the minimum age requirement of 15. However, that didn't bother her.（因为最低年龄要求是15岁。然而，这并没有困扰她）”可知，2019年在日本举行的世界花样滑冰锦标赛上，刘没有参赛资格。所以推测划线词的意思是“没有资格”。故选C。
7．
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Lipetsky said, ‘She wanted to learn, and I wanted to guide.’The two have been inseparable since then. In 2017 Laura sent Liu to the University of Delaware for a certain analysis that researchers have created to help outstanding American skaters improve their jump techniques.（Lipetsky说，她想学习，而我想做向导。从那以后，他们俩就形影不离了。2017年，Laura派Liu去特拉华大学(University of Delaware)进行研究，以帮助优秀的美国滑冰运动员提高他们的跳跃技术）”可知，Laura Lipetsky为刘在体育方面的进步做出了贡献。故选C。

8．D
9．A
10．B
11．D
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款提醒人们注意紫外线照射的简易纸传感器。
8．
细节理解题。由文章第一段“A simple paper sensor （传感器）featuring smiley and sad faces drawn in ultraviolet-sensitive （UV-sensitive,紫外线敏感的）ink has been produced by researchers in an attempt to keep us safe in the sun. Scientists say the different facial expressions appear in sequence as UV exposure increases, offering a low-tech way for people to judge when it is time to cover up.( 为了保护我们在阳光下的安全，研究人员发明了一种简易的纸传感器，用紫外线敏感墨水绘制出笑脸和悲伤的面孔。科学家们表示，随着紫外线暴露程度的增加，不同的面部表情会依次出现，这为人们提供了一种低技术含量的方法来判断何时该遮住身体)”可知，这种简易的纸传感器的主要功能是提醒人们注意紫外线照射。故选D项。
9．
推理判断题。由文章第三段“While Bansal noted weather reports often contain a UV index to give a guide to the strength of UV radiation, it doesn5t tell people whether they are within safe levels of exposure at that time, and it's usually based on the standard for fair skin.( 虽然Bansal指出，天气报告通常包含紫外线指数，以指导紫外线辐射强度，但它并不能告诉人们当时他们所受的紫外线辐射是否在安全水平内，而这通常是基于白皙皮肤的标准)”可知，本段指出了天气预报存在的不足，它并不能告诉人们当时他们所受的紫外线辐射是否在安全水平内。由此可猜测本段主要目的应该是解释传感器的必要性。故选A项。
10．
主旨大意题。由文章第四段“Writing in the journal Nature Communications, Bansal and his colleagues describe how they sought to handle the issue by creating a cheap device based on phosphomolybdic acid or PMA. This substance turns from colorless to blue in the presence of lactic acid （乳酸）and UV radiation. The team then used this mixture of lactic acid and PMA as an ink to draw four invisible faces on paper, and used some transparent sheets to create filters （滤色片）that were put on top of the faces. This allowed the researchers to finely adjust the intensity of UV radiation reaching the ink so that the faces could change color in sequence as exposure to UV radiation rose from 25% to 50%, then 75%, and finally 100% of a “safe" amount.( Bansal和他的同事在《自然通讯》杂志上撰文，描述了他们如何试图通过制造一种基于磷钼酸或PMA的廉价设备来解决这个问题。这种物质在乳酸和紫外线照射下由无色变为蓝色。然后，研究小组用乳酸和PMA的混合物作为墨水在纸上画了四张看不见的脸，然后用一些透明薄片制作过滤器，放在这些脸的上面。这样，研究人员就可以微调到达墨水的紫外线辐射强度，当紫外线辐射从25%上升到50%，然后是75%，最后达到“安全”水平的100%时，脸部就会依次改变颜色)”可知，本段主要讲述的是传感器的工作原理。故选B项。
11．
推理判断题。由文章最后一段“By further adjusting the number of filters for each of the four faces, the team were able to adjust the system to produce different sensors to work for six different skin tones, like dark, fair or olive skin.( 通过进一步调整四张脸的滤镜数量，研究团队能够调整系统产生不同的传感器，以适应六种不同的肤色，比如黑、白或橄榄色)”可以推测，不同的肤色对紫外线辐射的反应是不同的，所以才需要产生不同的传感器，以适应六种不同的肤色。故选D项。

12．D
13．A
14．A
15．C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章通过事例介绍了“以自我为中心的沉默”的心理危害，以及怎样克服。
12．
推理判断题。根据第一段“Years of exposure to Americans has, at last, convinced me of something about their food culture. I now think they’re correct in one of life’s great dilemmas: when eating at a restaurant, it is really fine to politely send your food back if it is not what you ordered, or covered in cheese when you asked for no cheese, etc.(经过多年对美国人的接触，我终于对他们的饮食文化有了一些了解。我现在认为在生活中的一个重大窘境中他们是正确的：在餐馆吃饭时，如果你拿到的不是你点的食物，或者你要求不吃奶酪时上面覆盖着奶酪，那就礼貌地把食物退回去，等等。)”可以推知，作者在接触美国人之前认为把餐厅食物退回是令人为难并会引起麻烦的。故选D项。
13．
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Of course, the idea makes me feel anxious; the British fear of making a scene is planted in my soul. But what persuaded me, in the end, was realizing how self-centered that fear actually is.(当然，这个想法让我感到焦虑；英国人害怕大吵大闹的心理深深植在我的灵魂里。但最终说服我的是，我意识到这种恐惧其实是以自我为中心的。)”可以推知，一个人可能由于以自我为中心的原因，会感到恐惧而犹豫做某事。故选A项。
14．
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Egocentric reticence raised its head again the other day in a study about gratitude, which found that people underestimate how much delight a thank-you note can bring.(前几天，在一项关于感恩的研究中，以自我为中心的沉默再次抬头。该研究发现，人们低估了一封感谢信能带来多少快乐。)”可以推知，人们可能认为发送感激的信息不重要。故选A项。
15．
细节理解题。根据最后一段中Penelope Keith所说“Shyness is just egotism out of its depth.(害羞只是一种过分的自我主义)”以及“The quote was later regarded as a line the writer Sadie Stein credits with curing her own shyness.(这句话后来被认为是作家Sadie Stein治愈自己害羞的妙语。)”可知，Sadie Stein的故事告诉我们，我们可以通过消除自我主义来克服我们的羞怯。故选C项。

16．C
17．D
18．G
19．A
20．F
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。介绍了整理花园的一些技巧。五月要来了。收拾一个漂亮干净的花园吧。
16．
根据上文“You may be concerned about how to clear clutter (杂乱的东西) from your bedroom and basement.（你可能会担心如何清理卧室和地下室的杂物。）”及下文“As May planting season is drawing near, turn your attention towards what can help your garden grow.（随着五月种植季节的临近，把你的注意力转向什么可以帮助你的花园生长。）”可知，上文说大家时常考虑房间和地下室的杂物整理问题，下文提到现在关注一下怎么让花园长得更好。C项“但是你花园里的杂物怎么办?”填在该小题，承上启下把话题由房间地下室杂物引向花园杂物整理，引出了文章主题。故选C项。
17．
根据上文“Decide what you truly value.（决定你真正重视的是什么。）”可知，先决定把重要的植物留下来，D项“然后毫不犹豫地把剩下的拔出来。”，承接上文，the rest（其余的 ）指那些不重要的植物，就拔掉不要。故选D项。
18．
根据上文“You can casually pull weeds as you spot them when walking by your gardens.（当你在花园散步时发现杂草，你可以随意拔除它们。）”可知，在建议除草的方式，发现杂草随时拔掉，G项“或者你可以留出时间全力清除杂草。”是在建议另一种除草方法，可以专门拿出时间来除草，承接上文。故选G项。
19．
该小题作为段落小标题，应概括全段。根据本段最后一句“Try making a map of your garden before you head to the garden center, using the recommended spacing to guide your design.（在你前往花园中心之前，试着绘制一张花园地图，使用推荐的间距来指导你的设计。）”可知，作者建议动手整理花园之前制定清晰的计划，A项“做一个清晰的花园规划。”符合文意。故选A项。
20．
结合上文“Just like indoor clutter, garden clutter can result from having too many tools. Some tools are necessary for every gardener.（就像室内杂乱一样，花园杂乱也可能是由于工具太多造成的。有些工具是每个园丁都必须的。）”可知，此处谈论花园有用不到的工具，也会使花园显得乱。F项“但太多工具也会给你带来麻烦。”其中them代指tools。故选F项。

21．C
22．A
23．D
24．C
25．B
26．B
27．D
28．A
29．B
30．A
31．C
32．D
33．C
34．B
35．A
【分析】
本文是说明文。本文通过讲述例子介绍了人们在社交中出现的摩擦和冲突及造成这一现象的原因：解读他人行为时归因于其人品而忽略其所处的环境。
21．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：去年，这位保健工作者和她的室友开始从大楼保安那里收到住在下面单元里的女人传递的消息。A. accepting接受；B. taking拿；取；C. receiving收到；D. admitting承认。根据下文“messages from the building's security officer, passed on from the woman living in the unit below”可知，此处表示信息时楼下的女儿经由保安传递来得，是客观上收到信息，应用receiving，故选C。
22．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们太吵了，挪动椅子太频繁了，而且她们的客人谈话和笑太大声了。A. noisy吵闹的； B. joyous欢乐的； C. impolite有礼貌的； D. strict严格的。根据“moved chairs too often and their guests talked and laughed loud”可知，频繁地挪动椅子，谈话和笑太大声应是太吵了，故选A。
23．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：朋友的孩子偶尔来访到处跑。A. officially官方地； B. hardly几乎不； C. naturally自然地； D. occasionally偶尔地。根据常识可知，朋友的孩子应是偶尔会来，故选D。
24．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是令人沮丧的。A. interesting有趣的； B. moving令人感动的； C. frustrating令人沮丧的； D. irritating令人不愉快的。根据本段最后一句中“so if we couldn't solve it, we assumed it was we who would have to move.” (所以如果我们不能解决这件事，我们认为不得不搬家的就是我们。)可知，如果不能解决噪音的事情，她们将不得不搬家，这是令人沮丧的，故选C。
25．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她们楼的电子钥匙只允许通往自己的楼层。A. way方式； B. access通道； C. road道路； D. route路线。根据上文“Frances and her neighbor couldn't talk to each other”可推断，他们不能和邻居交谈，因此推断她们的电子钥匙只能够进入自己住的楼层，此处应是通道。故选B。
26．
考查介词词义辨析。句意：虽然她们住的只相隔几米远，她们没有办法联系弥合他们的分歧。A. out出去； B. apart相隔； C. down向下； D. above在上面。根据上文“from the woman living in the unit below”可知，她们是邻居，因此住的只相隔几米远，故选B。
27．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这让Frances感觉糟糕的感受又增加了。A. disappearing消失； B. rewarding奖励； C. damaging损害； D. increasing增加。根据本段上文“To make matters worse, Frances and her neighbor couldn't talk to each other.”( 更糟糕的是，Frances无法和她的邻居沟通。)不能跟邻居沟通应是让Frances感觉糟糕的感受又增加了，故选D。
28．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们认为这位邻居厌恶我们。A. hated厌恶； B.恐惧； C. liked喜欢； D. annoyed使恼怒。根据第一段最后一句中“they were too noisy”(她们太吵了)可知，邻居认为他们太吵了总是抱怨，应是会厌恶她们，故选A。
29．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：相信一个人的所作所为反映了他们真实性格的行为。A. intelligence智力； B. character性格； C. appearance外表； D. ability能力。此处映射本文倒数第二句中的“we think they are____13____,”(我们认为他们懒)和倒数第一句中的“we suppose they are careless”(我们认为他们不小心)可知，懒和不小心是人的性格，故选B。
30．
考查固定短语辨析。句意：“如果我们经历某件事对我们的影响是消极的，我们会自动地假定对方有消极的意图。”一位冲突顾问解释说。A. in terms of在.....方面； B. in search of寻找； C. in charge of负责； D. in case of万一。根据下文“we automatically assume negative intention on the other person's part”可推断，在我们的影响方面是消极的，那么我们就会认为对方有消极的意图。故选A。
31．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：句意：“如果我们经历某件事对我们的影响是消极的，我们会自动地假定对方有消极的意图。”一位冲突顾问解释说。A. questions问； B. asks问； C. explains解释； D. argues争论。前文中“If we experience something as being negative ____10____the effect it has on us, we automatically assume negative intention on the other person's part”(如 果我们经历某件事对我们的影响是消极的，我们会自动地假定对方有消极的意图。)可知，这是一位冲突顾问的解释，什么是基本归因错误，故选C。
32．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：而且会造成螺旋式冲突没完没了。A. discussion讨论； B. competition竞争，C. cooperation合作； D. conflict冲突。根据此处前一句“If we experience something as being negative ____10____ the effect it has on us, we automatically assume negative intention on the other person's part”(如果我们经历某件事对我们的影响是消极的，我们会自动地假定对方有消极的意图。)可知，假定对方有消极的意图会造成冲突没完没了，故选D。
33．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果同事犯了一个文书工作错误，我们会认为他们很懒，然而他们可能只是过度劳累。 A. upset难过的；B. cheerful高兴的；C. lazy懒惰的；D.tired疲惫的。根据上文“we automatically assume negative intention on the other person's part”可知，我们会自动地假定对方有消极的意图，因此如果同事犯了错误，我们自动认为他们是懒惰的，而不是因为过度劳累犯了错误，故选C。
34．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果有人在路上挡了我们的道，我们会认为他们不小心，而不是可能正在处理紧急事件。A. calls呼叫； B. cuts切断； C. sees看见； D. sets设置。根据上文“we automatically assume negative intention on the other person's part”和“If colleagues make a paperwork mistake”可推断，此处是举例说明我们对别人犯错的原因的假设，cut off意思是阻断，在交通中阻断我们，即挡了我们的道，我们会认为他们是不小心。故选B。
35．
考查固定短语辨析。句意：如果有人在路上挡了我们的道，我们会认为他们不小心，而不是可能正在处理紧急事件。A. rather than而不是； B. apart from除了； C. other than除了； D. more than超过。根据上文的“we think they are____13____, when they might just be overworked.”可知，前后文是对比说明，因此推断此处应填入“而不是”，应是rather than，我们会认为他们不小心，而不是可能正在处理紧急事件。故选A。

36．performance
37．made
38．as
39．globally
40．breaking
41．roles
42．to be
43．be missed
44．who
45．greatest
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了著名人物 Chadwick Boseman的生平和功就。
36．
考查名词。句意：他以非凡的魅力和表演为电影《黑豹》注入了生命。根据“and”以及“charm”可知设空处应是填“and”连接的并列名词。故填performance。
37．
考查时态。句意：2016年，博斯曼首次在漫威电影宇宙中出演《美国队长3:内战》中的黑豹。根据分析句子及语意，可知设空处为谓语。结合“In 2016”可知时态应为一般过去时。故填made。
38．
考查介词。句意：凭借在电影《黑豹》中扮演的国王T' Challa一角，他成为了全球鼓舞人心的偶像。根据分析句子，此处应是“作为……的角色”的意思，应填as。故填as。
39．
考查副词。句意：凭借在电影《黑豹》中扮演的国王T' Challa一角，他成为了全球鼓舞人心的偶像。根据分析句子及语意，可知此处应用副词对前面动词became进行修饰。故填globally。
40．
考查现在分词。句意：2018年，《黑豹》独立拍摄了电影，打破了票房纪录。分析句子结构，已有谓语动词got，可知设空处应为非谓语动词。“Black Panther”与“break”之间的关系为主动关系，应用现在分词做状语，表主动关系。故填breaking。
41．
考查名词。句意：马丁·路德·金三世说过:“博斯曼用他的角色赋予历史以生命。根据分析句子语意，博斯曼应该扮演了很多角色，所以此处的“role”应是复数概念。故填roles。
42．
考查不定式。句意：因为黑豹，他被很多人认为是超级英雄。固定用法be considered to do sth.，意为被认为做某事。故填to be。
43．
考查过去分词。句意：人们会想念他的。根据分析句子及语意，可知此处应为一般将来时的被动结构，表示“将会被人思念”，he与miss的关系为被动关系。故填be missed。
44．
考查非限制性定语从句。句意：在漫威电影中饰演绿巨人的演员马克·鲁法洛说： “真是一个男人，一个天才。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Actor Mark Ruffalo，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。故填who。
45．
考查形容词最高级。句意：兄弟，你是历史上最伟大的人之一而你的伟大才刚刚开始。根据上文“the”，结合语意此处应是“最伟大的”意思，可知此处应用形容词最高级表示。故填greatest。
46．Dear John,
I am so glad to receive your letter. Knowing you’re interested in waste sorting in my city, I’m writing to share basic information with you.
These years, with the improvement of people’s life, lots of rubbish, like leftover food or plastic bottles, has been produced. The waste sorting is a useful way to deal with this problem. Up to now, measures have been taken in our city. First, citizens know how to sort waste according to different elements. Second, different dustbins have been placed in public places so that citizens can leave their sorted waste.
In my opinion, waste sorting can not only save time and money in dealing with rubbish but also improve the environment.
Yours,
Li Hua
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国笔友John写封信，简要介绍你们当地垃圾分类运动的推广情况，并表达对此你的看法。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
会议：nowadays→These years
放置：put→place
解决：work out=deal with
到目前为止：so far=up to now
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Up to now, measures have been taken in our city.
拓展句：Up to now, measures have been taken in our city, which has greatly cleaned up the city.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Knowing you’re interested in waste sorting in my city, I’m writing to share basic information with you. (运用了know现在分词作状语)
[高分句型2] Second, different dustbins have been placed in public places so that citizens can leave their sorted waste.（so that引导目的状语从句）
47．Paragraph 1:
Hours passed and there was no reply. Later that afternoon, my husband and I went to a store. On the way, I admitted I had tried again to apply for a writing program. He wasn’t angry and instead supported me. Minutes later, when we reached the store, my phone rang. It was from the director of Hamline University’s writing program. I explained the turn of the events in my life, my dream, and my desire to rejoin the program. She invited me back.
Paragraph 2:
Then a few weeks later, I began my courses. Although I seldom saw my family members, we still kept in touch. And my husband has been my greatest supporter as I have worked on my goal. I am now in the last semester of earning my degree in Writing for Children. The writing program has greatly improved my writing skills and changed my life. It has allowed me to work with many wonderful people and make some lifelong friends in the process.
【分析】
本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者忙碌的家庭生活几次都让她学习如何为儿童写作的梦想停止了，直到两年前因为丈夫的新工作作者和丈夫搬家，孩子们也长大了，作者不知道如何处理安静的生活，作者的一个梦让她重新申请了写作项目，最后作者收到了录取的电话，开始了课程学习。
【详解】
1.段落续写：
①.由第一段首句内容“几个小时过去了，没有回音。”可知，第一段可描写作者没得到回应前的和丈夫沟通，接着就收到了学校的来电，作者成功被录取了。
②.由第二段首句内容“几周后，我开始了我的课程。”可知，第二段可描写作者去学习了课程，课程没有影响作者和家人的关系，还使作者收获了技能和朋友。
2.续写线索：和丈夫沟通——收到来电——确认录取——开始学习——保持联系——课程收获
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.支持：support/ in favor of/ in support of
②.保持联系：keep in touch/ stay in touch/ keep contact
情绪类
①.生气： angry/ mad/ annoyed
②.美好的： wonderful/ nice/ good
【点睛】
[高分句型1]. Minutes later, when we reached the store, my phone rang.（运用了由when连接的时间状语从句）
[高分句型2]. Although I seldom saw my family members, we still kept in touch. （运用了由although连接的让步状语从句）
[高分句型3]. And my husband has been my greatest supporter as I have worked on my goal. （运用了由as连接的时间状语从句）