黑龙江省哈尔滨市第六中学2021-2022学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题

这是一份黑龙江省哈尔滨市第六中学2021-2022学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题，共25页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，短文改错，建议信等内容，欢迎下载使用。

黑龙江省哈尔滨市第六中学2021-2022学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、阅读理解
Being stuck at home doesn’t mean that learning stops. In fact, it's just the opposite. Here are some activities and resources to foster (促进) kids' imagination and build their curiosity at home.
Let's Get down to Science
The science lab at school may be closed, but kids can still put on goggles and a white lab coat and learn at home. This Test Tube Experiment Kit will make them feel like a genius in no time. Kids will get the chance to learn about basic chemistry, physics, and more by creating pop-resistant bubbles, bouncy balls, and other objects.
To Infinity (无穷) and Beyond
Earth is a part of the Milky Way, but do kids know how many galaxies there are in the universe? There are so many fun and fascinating things to learn about space that the possibilities truly go to infinity and beyond. A great way to start your child's educational space adventure is with this Discovery Real Life Sticker and Activity Book: Space.
Take a Walk on the Wild Side
Biology class is in session! Here's kids' chance to get up close and personal with a great white shark without putting on a wetsuit. This 4D Great White Shark Anatomy Kit allows them to get an inside look at what makes these predators of the deep so powerful. And then take an even deeper dive into a shark's world with I'm a Shark.
Let your kid take advantage of this time at home and find new ways to keep exploring the world around him.
1．What is common among these activities above?
A．They are all performed outdoors.
B．They are all associated with physics.
C．They all recommend some resources for kids to study.
D．They are all carried out by the way of experimenting.
2．Which resource favors children interested in stars?
A．The Test Tube Experiment Kit.
B．Discovery Real Life Sticker and Activity Book: Space.
C．The 4D Great White Shark Anatomy Kit.
D．I'm a Shark.
3．What's the shared goal of the activities?
A．To gain financial benefits. B．To save kids from boredom.
C．To explore new technologies. D．To inspire kids to study at home.

Joanna Cole, born on August 11, 1944 in Newark, New Jersey, has been credited to be one of the most popular children’s authors of all time. She has written over 250 books and is famous for writing one of the most popular children's book series. She knew as early as 5th grade that she was interested in writing and science. Cole has owed a large part of her passion to one of her elementary school teachers.
Joanna Cole continued her education by attending the University of Massachusetts and Indiana. She would eventually earn a bachelor’s degree in psychology from the City College of New York in 1967; after graduation Cole decided to take some education courses to become a librarian at a Brooklyn elementary school in 1967. Eventually, she would take jobs working for Newsweek, Seesaw book club.
Cole’s passion for writing and science was still alive and well during this time. In 197l she decided to write her first book, Cockroaches. She did some research and discovered there had never been a book written for children about cockroaches. So she thought she would be the first.
Cole struck gold when she wrote the first Magic School Bus in 1985. The book would go on to be published the following year and quickly became book series and cartoon series due to its success.
Cole continued to write both non-fiction and fiction books for children. She writes in a way that will hopefully inspire children to think like a scientist. She does this by writing ideas instead of just facts. She also tries to ask questions in her books that require children to think and discover the answers as they read. This creates an engaging experience for children, so it is no wonder why younger readers are hooked on her books.
4．When Joanna Cole was young, she ________.
A．was very popular with children
B．got inspired by one of her teachers
C．began her career of writing novels
D．knew what she would do in the future
5．What does the underlined phrase probably mean?
A．Made a fortune. B．Made a promise.
C．Got ideas. D．Obtained help.
6．What do we know about Joanna Cole?
A．She is the most famous woman writer in America.
B．She writes novels not only for kids but for adults.
C．She is an expert at getting science across to readers.
D．She has made great contributions to science.
7．What kind of person is Cole in the passage?
A．Positive and brave. B．Popular and reliable.
C．Serious and honest. D．Talented and creative.

The over 48,000 orange trees that cover all corners of Seville, Spain, not only fill the city's air with the pleasant smell, or orange blossoms, in spring; they also produce over 16,500 tons of fruit every winter. Though that gives the city the rights to show off for being Europe's top orange-producing city, the fruit is too sour to be consumed fresh. While some are used to make marmalade( 橘子酱) and orange liqueur, most of them end up in Seville's landfills. However, that may change soon thanks to an original idea to use the oranges to produce clean energy.
The pilot program is being launched by the city's council and parks department in cooperation with Emasesa, Seville's water supply division. Juice obtained from 38.6 tons of oranges will be left to ferment( 发酵) in an existing methane( 沼气) facility. The methane released from the liquid will be captured and used to drive a generator to produce clean power. To ensure there is no waste, the orange skins, and peels will be used as fertilizer.
"The juice is fructose (果糖) made up of very short carbon chains, and the energetic performance of these carbon chains in the methane facility is very high," said Benigno López, the head of Emasesa's environmental department. "It's not just about saving money, but we're producing added value from waste."
If successful, by 2023, the city hopes to recycle all the oranges and add the electricity generated back to its power network. In trial runs, 1,000 kilos of oranges created 50 kWh of clean energy—enough to fulfill the daily electricity needs of five homes. The project team estimates that if all the fruit is recycled, it will produce enough energy to power as many as 73,000 residences.
The latest program is among the many initiatives being implemented(实施) across Spain to achieve the country's goal of switching its electricity system to renewable sources by 2050 — and if everything goes according to plan, fully decarbonizing(脱碳) its economy can be realized shortly after that.
8．What can we learn about the oranges in Seville from the first paragraph?
A．They are of no value. B．They are tasty when fresh.
C．They are the pride of the city. D．They are the problem for the city.
9．How does the fourth paragraph develop?
A．By giving examples. B．By analyzing cause.
C．By providing statistics. D．By following the time order.
10．What is the author's attitude to the program?
A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Critical. D．Indifferent.
11．What is the best title for the text?
A．Seville Is Turning Waste into Wealth
B．Seville Is Seeking Market for Oranges
C．Seville Is Contributing to Global Warming
D．Seville Is Dealing with the Electricity Shortage

“Jewel wings fly around like little helicopters until they see preys (猎物), usually smaller flying insects,” said Bellido, a biologist at the University of Minnesota. “Then they dash at their meals in a burst of speed.”

You might mistake jewel wings for their cousins, dragonflies. New research shows that these two insects share something more significant than their appearance, however. In a paper published in Current Biology, Dr. Bellido and the dragonfly colleagues reveal that the neural (神经的) systems behind jewel wings’ vision are shared with dragonflies, with whom they have a common ancestor that lived before dinosaurs. But over the centuries, this brain wiring has adapted itself in different ways in each creature, enabling sharply different hunting strategies.
Jewel wings’ behavior involves attacking what’s directly in front of them, the team found. But recordings made in the lab by Dr. Gonzalez and her colleagues confirmed that dragonflies rise up in a straight line to seize unsuspecting insects from below. Researchers are particularly interested in the neurons (神经元) that send visual information to the wings.
To look closer at the neurons linking vision and flight, the researchers equipped jewel wings with sensors and showed them a video of a moving dot, comparing it with earlier dragonfly research. When a neuron fired, a popping sound filled the researchers’ ears, allowing them to tell exactly which movements-left, right, up, down or some combination-each neuron responded to. Jewel wings best see what’s right in front of them, they found, while dragonflies’ clearest vision is just above them.
The team was interested to find that while jewel wings’ neurons didn’t always respond like those in dragonflies, the number of neurons and organization were similar. That suggests that the system that conveys this information from the eyes to the wing muscles did not evolve recently, but has roots that are millions of years older than the oldest dinosaurs. And that ancient common ancestor likely had already developed remarkable speed in both vision and flight. Then, in the following years, the system has evolved to suit individual insect species.
This shared neural system may be more than 250 million years old, but it is also flexible enough to transform itself to meet the needs of a variety of creatures in different eras and environments, the findings suggest.
12．Jewel wings usually catch their meals ________ them.
A．on the right of B．on the left of
C．straight ahead of D．at the back of
13．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．What actions jewel wings take to catch preys.
B．How jewel wings ‘neurons respond to vision.
C．When jewel wings start to hunt for their preys.
D．Where researchers did the research into jewel wings.
14．What can we learn about dragonflies and jewel wings from the passage?
A．The two insects possess similar neural systems.
B．Jewel wings’ vision is sharper than dragonflies’.
C．Dragonflies ‘brain wiring is the same with jewel wings’.
D．The oldest dinosaurs react as rapidly as the two insects.
15．What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To analyse the habits of two similar insects.
B．To tell the difference between dragonflies and jewel wings.
C．To assess the effects of different insects ‘hunting strategies.
D．To present the result of a study on two insects neural systems.

二、七选五
Academic pressure doesn’t necessarily wait until college to become a problem. Over-achieving students who are much younger often have to face burnout, sadness and even nervous breakdowns. 16．
Create a schedule of your priorities and follow it. As the saying goes, “If your destination is unclear, you’ll never know if you’ve arrived.” 17． From time to time check on your progress. Being organized, you are most likely to accomplish more in less time. Besides, you’ll have a feeling of accomplishment. Both results will reduce the academic pressure you may be feeling.
18．There’s nothing so damaging as allowing the pressure to build up within you, because it will stop your ability to produce. Also, simply putting your feelings on paper tends to reduce the pressure’s effects.
Make as many friends as you can, and spend time with people you love and who love you. 19． It tends to keep your mind off of the stress, besides being enjoyable.
If you still find the academic pressure unbearable, consider professional help. Until recently, those who failed to deal with stress often put the blame on the medical workers, but now it’s a recognized way to solve this type of problem. 20． If not, seek help on your own.
Exercise daily. Take a few minutes to walk around the block. If you have more time, work out at a gym or run a mile. There is nothing that can reduce the feeling of stress more than exercise regularly.
A.Take notes of your daily routine on a regular basis.
B.Start a diary in which you detail the pressures you face.
C.Probably you will find such help available at your school.
D.Hopefully, there are always some ways to help deal with it.
E.If something unexpected happens, no one can really stop it.
F.Make it a point to spend time with them at least once or twice each week.
G.So make a list of what you need to accomplish and include a timetable for it.

三、完形填空
Throughout my childhood, I felt the need to be in control. However, the need came to a sudden 21 during my trip to Puerto Rico. On the trip, the combination of travel and 22 taught me that freedom doesn't come from being in 23 but rather from fully engaging in my surroundings.
I stood on the hotel balcony in Old San Juan, 24 the long street that led to the ocean. Voices in 25 from the street market far below reminded me of how 26 this place was from my home. I decided it was time to 27 .
I'd been studying Spanish for six years, but as I stepped onto the 28 of Old San Juan, I was too 29 to put more than two Spanish words together. I went past the street vendors, kicking my soccer ball gently as I walked, and 30 near one of Puerto Rico's famous castles. A group of Puerto Rican boys stood in a circle 31 a small, flat soccer ball. Making eye contact with one of the boys, I passed my ball over and 32 them. As we played, I gradually began to feel of clarity （清晰）and flow that I'd been 33 to achieve during my entire childhood. I let go, feeling comfortable enough as a（n） 34 among us went beyond both cultural and language barriers.
My 35 need for control had come from growing up with strict parents, coaches and expectations from my school and community. I 36 for control wherever I could get it. I thought every move in soccer games, which made me less creative and often 37 the team.
This experience made me 38 my struggle for control was 39 me. I learned that when I open myself up to others, I am free to earn this rare state of 40 in which I can freely express myself.
21．A．stop B．crisis C．conclusion D．agreement
22．A．voice B．soccer C．market D．ocean
23．A．control B．resistance C．silence D．touch
24．A．searching for B．walking through C．staring at D．thinking about
25．A．French B．Italian C．Portuguese D．Spanish
26．A．special B．separate C．different D．remote
27．A．work B．explore C．exercise D．leave
28．A．beach B．playground C．school D．street
29．A．proud B．excited C．surprised D．nervous
30．A．arrived B．responded C．stayed D．gathered
31．A．drawing B．following C．passing D．sending
32．A．inspected B．called C．taught D．joined
33．A．rushing B．hesitating C．struggling D．continuing
34．A．problem B．understanding C．celebration D．apology
35．A．previous B．urgent C．recent D．immediate
36．A．prepared B．fought C．waited D．reached
37．A．admired B．fooled C．formed D．hurt
38．A．admit B．select C．realize D．expect
39．A．guiding B．shaping C．urging D．limiting
40．A．creativity B．responsibility C．independence D．sensitivity

四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Cuju was developed in China around 500 B.C. and was played with a leather ball. It is considered by FIFA as the 41． ( early ) form of football. During the Han Dynasty, the popularity of Cuju 42． ( spread) from the army to the royal courts and upper classes. It 43． ( say) that Emperor Wu of nan enjoyed the sport. Cuju 44． ( match) were often held inside the imperial palace.

Cuju was further developed 45．. the Tang Dynasty. There were dozens of well-organized Cuju leagues in Chang'an. 46． was then the capital of the Empire. The rules, fields and facilities for Cuju became more advanced, for example, balls filled with air and Cuju goals appeared during this period. 47． was also during this age that similar games were being played in Korea and Japan, and 48． (gradual) worldwide.
Cuju was most developed during the Song Dynasty because of the social and economic development. At that time, 49． (profession) Cuju players were quite popular. They fell into two groups: One was trained by and performed for the royal court and the other talented civilians who made a 50． (live) as Cuju players.

五、短文改错
51．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
There are basically two ways to get work done. One is to work individual. In this way, people can decide for them when to start to work and how to do it. What’s more, they will be able to learn how to solve the problems on their own. People may also choose to work in a team which they can learn from each other and help each other. Beside, they may work out better ways get work done by discussing. Personally, I prefer to work in a team, which offer me a chance to learn how to get along to others and to share my experience with them. As the work can be dividing among several people, it can be done efficiently. Teamwork is always importance.

六、建议信
52．假定你是李华。你的英国朋友David来信说，他即将参加汉语水平考试 (Chinese Proficiency Test)，对此他感到非常紧张。请你给他回一封电子邮件，内容包括：1. 表示安慰；2. 备考建议；3. 你的祝愿。
注意：1. 词数100左右
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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参考答案
1．C
2．B
3．D
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要推荐了能培养孩子们的想象力，能激发孩子在家学习的一些活动和资源。
【详解】
1. 推理判断题。根据Let's Get down to Science部分中的最后一句“Kids will get the chance to learn about basic chemistry, physics, and more by creating pop-resistant bubbles, bouncy balls, and other objects. (通过制作抗爆气泡、弹力球和其他物体，孩子们将有机会学习基本的化学、物理知识以及更多) ”、To Infinity (无穷) and Beyond部分中的最后一句“A great way to start your child's educational space adventure is with this Discovery Real Life Sticker and Activity Book: Space. (开启你孩子的教育太空冒险的很好的一个方式就是《 发现现实生活贴纸和活动书籍：空间》)”和Take a Walk on the Wild Side部分中的第三、四句“This 4D Great White Shark Anatomy Kit allows them to get an inside look at what makes these predators of the deep so powerful. And then take an even deeper dive into a shark's world with I'm a Shark. (这种4D大白鲨解剖工具，让他们得以深入了解是什么让这些深海捕食者如此强大。然后与“我是鲨鱼”一起深入鲨鱼的世界里) ”可推知，这三个活动都给孩子推荐了学习资源。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“A great way to start your child's educational space adventure is with this Discovery Real Life Sticker and Activity Book: Space.(开启你孩子的教育太空冒险的很好的一个方式就是《发现现实生活贴纸和活动书籍：空间 》)”可知，Discovery Real Life Sticker and Activity Book: Space是关于太空的，这会对星星感兴趣的孩子有利，故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Being stuck at home doesn’t mean that learning stops. In fact, it's just the opposite. Here are some activities and resources to foster (促进) kids' imagination and build their curiosity at home.(被困在家里并不意味着停止学习。事实上，恰恰相反。这里有一些活动和资源来培养孩子们的想象力和建立他们的好奇心) ”可知，这些活动的共同目的就是能鼓励孩子在家学习，故选D。

4．B
5．A
6．C
7．D
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述被誉为有史以来最受欢迎的儿童作家乔安娜·柯尔，早在小学五年级的时候，乔安娜·柯尔发现自己爱好写作和科学。乔安娜认为她创作的主要激情来自她的一位小学老师，她曾经从事过很多职业，小学教师、图书馆管理员、儿童图书编辑及作家。她的作品《蟑螂》和《神奇校车》获得了极大的成功。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段第四句“Cole has owed a large part of her passion to one of her elementary school teachers.”可知，乔安娜·柯尔的写作激情主要来自她的一位小学老师，因此可知，在她小的时候受到她的老师的激励。故选B项正确。
5．词义猜测题。根据画线句下文“The book would go on to be published the following year and quickly became book series and cartoon series due to its success.”可知，这本书第二年继续出版并很快成为系列书籍和卡通系列剧。因此推断乔安娜·柯尔的第一本书赚了钱。所以画线部分意思是“发财”，与make a fortune意义相近。故选A项正确。
6．推理判断题。根据最后一段二、三、四句“She writes in a way that will hopefully inspire children to think like a scientist. She does this by writing ideas instead of just facts. She also tries to ask questions in her books that require children to think and discover the answers as they read.”可知，乔安娜以希望能够鼓舞孩子们像科学家一样思考的方式写作，她的作品是她的想法，绝不仅仅是事实说明。在她的书里她也试图提出问题，要求孩子们在阅读的时候去解答这个问题。因此推断她擅长传递科学给读者。故选C项正确。
7．考查推理判断。根据第一段第三句“She knew as early as early as 5th grade that she was interested in writing and science.”可知，乔安娜早在五年级就对写作和科学感兴趣，说明她是有天赋的；根据最后三段的内容可知，乔安娜非常具有创造性，她发现没有一本儿童图书介绍过关于蟑螂的故事，因此写了她的第一本书《蟑螂》，她的作品《神奇校车》更是非常受读者的欢迎，获得了很大成功，这些都说明她是一个有创造力的人。故选D项正确。
【名师点睛】
高考中词义推断可以是一个单词的意义推断，也可以是一个短语或句子的意义推断，既可以是生词意义，也可以是熟词新意；还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推断尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。
词义猜测主要的解题策略有：语境猜测、语法猜词和常识猜词。
语境既上下文。由于上下文中的生词不是孤立存在的，其词义与句中其它词的词义或具体的语境有着密切的联系。因此在阅读过程中，许多生词的词义可以充分利用上下文中相关的词汇、短语并结合具体的语境来推测。运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广考查最多也最易得分的猜词方式。要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境，从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内在联系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。
【解题剖析】第二小题就属于猜测词义中依据逻辑推理猜测词义。答案需要推断画线部分的意思。
【答案定位】根据画线句下文“The book would go on to be published the following year and quickly became book series and cartoon series due to its success.”可知，这本书第二年继续出版并很快成为系列书籍和卡通系列剧。因此推断画线句表示与此句意义一致，乔安娜·柯尔的第一本书赚了钱。
【推理关系】题干What does the underlined phrase probably mean?☞文章内容The book would go on to be published the following year and quickly became book series and cartoon series due to its success.
Cole struck gold when she wrote the first Magic School Bus in 1985. 句意：1985年她写第一本书的时候发了财。 ☞A选项 made a fortune

8．D
9．C
10．A
11．A
【分析】
这位是一片说明文。主要介绍了西班牙塞维利亚市启动一个项目，将遍地成灾的橘子变成清洁能源。
8．
推理判断题。根据第一段“While some are used to make marmalade(橘子酱) and orange liqueur, most of them end up in Seville's landfills.”（虽然其中一些被用来制作果酱和橘子利口酒，但它们中的大多数最终被塞维利亚的垃圾填埋场填埋。）可知，大部分橘子成为了垃圾，推测橘子成为了城市的问题。故选D项。
9．
推理判断题。根据第四段“In trial runs, 1,000 kilos of oranges created 50 kWh of clean energy—enough to fulfill the daily electricity needs of five homes. The project team estimates that if all the fruit is recycled, it will produce enough energy to power as many as 73,000 residences.”（在试运行中，1000公斤的橙子产生了50千瓦时的清洁能源，足以满足五个家庭的日常用电需求。项目团队估计，如果所有的水果都被回收利用，它将产生足够的能量为多达73000户居民供电。）可知，本段通过提供数据来说明项目的前景。故选C项。
10．
推理判断题。根据第一段“However, that may change soon thanks to an original idea to use the oranges to produce clean energy.”（然而，由于一个利用橙子生产清洁能源的独创的想法，这种情况可能很快就会改变。）以及最后一段“and if everything goes according to plan, fully decarbonizing its economy can be realized shortly after that.”（如果一切按计划进行，经济完全脱碳很快就能实现。）可知，作者对于这一项目是持有支持态度的。故选A项。
11．
主旨大意题。通读全文，文章主要介绍了西班牙塞维利亚市启动一个项目，将遍地成灾的橘子变成清洁能源，所以“塞维利亚正在把垃圾变成财富”可以作为文章标题。故选A项。

12．C
13．B
14．A
15．D
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一项新研究发现比起外貌，豆娘和蜻蜓一起分享更重要的视觉神经系统，但是这两种昆虫的视觉神经系统对具体的视觉反应又有所不同。而且该团队还发现这两种昆虫神经的数量和结构也是相似的。
12．细节理解题。由第三段的第一句“Jewel wings’ behavior involves attacking what’s directly in front of them, the team found.”和第四段的最后的一句“Jewel wings best see what’s right in front of them, they found, while dragonflies’ clearest vision is just above them.”可知，该团队发现豆娘的行为包括了袭击刚好在它们前面的物体，豆娘最好的视觉就是这个物体刚刚好在它们前面，然后蜻蜓最清晰的视觉恰好是在它们上面。由此可见，豆娘通常可以抓住刚好在它们前面的食物。结合选项可知，C选项正确。
13．主旨大意题。由第四段的第一句“To look closer at the neurons linking vision and flight, the researchers equipped jewel wings with sensors and showed them a video of a moving dot, comparing it with earlier dragonfly research. When a neuron fired, a popping sound filled the researchers’ ears, allowing them to tell exactly which movements-left, right, up, down or some combination-each neuron responded to. Jewel wings best see what’s right in front of them, they found, while dragonflies’ clearest vision is just above them.”可知，为了更近距离地观察连接视觉和飞行的神经元，研究人员在豆娘上安装了传感器，并向它们播放了一个移动点的视频，将其与早期的蜻蜓研究进行了比较。当一个神经元被激发时，研究人员的耳朵里充满了爆裂的声音，让他们准确地分辨出每个神经元对哪个动作有反应——左、右、上、下或者某种组合。 他们发现，豆娘最能看清眼前的东西，而蜻蜓最清晰的视野就在它们的上方。由此可知，本段主要是在介绍豆娘的神经元对视觉是如何反应的。故B选项正确。
14．细节理解题。由第五段第一句“The team was interested to find that while jewel wings’ neurons didn’t always respond like those in dragonflies, the number of neurons and organization were similar.”可知，该团队有趣地发现虽然豆娘的神经元不总是像蜻蜓的神经元那样反应，但是它们的神经元数量和结构是相似的。由此可见，豆娘和蜻蜓拥有相似的神经元系统。结合选项可知，A选项正确。
15．推理判断题。由整篇文章内容可知，第二段的第三句“In a paper published in Current Biology, Dr. Bellido and the dragonfly colleagues reveal that the neural (神经的) systems behind jewel wings’ vision are shared with dragonflies, with whom they have a common ancestor that lived before dinosaurs.” 表示的是在《当代生物学》杂志上发表的一篇论文中，伯利多博士和他的蜻蜓同事们揭示了豆娘视觉背后的神经系统与蜻蜓是共享的，它们有一个共同的祖先，生活在恐龙之前。第三段最后一句“Researchers are particularly interested in the neurons (神经元) that send visual information to the wings.”表示的是研究者们特别对发送视觉信息给豆娘的神经元感兴趣。第四段的第一句“To look closer at the neurons linking vision and flight, the researchers equipped jewel wings with sensors and showed them a video of a moving dot, comparing it with earlier dragonfly research.”表示的是为了更靠近地观察这些神经元将视觉和飞行连接起来的功能，研究者们和早期的蜻蜓研究对比，给豆娘装上了传感器，并且向它们展示了一段移动点的视频。以及第五段的“The team was interested to find that while jewel wings’ neurons didn’t always respond like those in dragonflies, the number of neurons and organization were similar.” 表示的是该团队有趣地发现虽然豆娘的神经元不总是像蜻蜓的神经元那样反应，但是它们的神经元数量和结构是相似的。由此可见，本文首先介绍豆娘的视觉神经系统和蜻蜓的是共享的，紧接着研究人员深入地去观察神经元和视觉之间具体的联系，最后又发现了它们神经元数量和结构的相似性。由此判断出这篇文章的主要目的是介绍两种昆虫神经系统的研究结果。故D选项正确。

16．D
17．G
18．B
19．F
20．C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。现在很多学生都面对学业压力，有精疲力竭、悲伤甚至精神崩溃的问题。作者对如何处理学业压力带来的影响提出了建议。
16．
根据前文“Academic pressure doesn’t necessarily wait until college to become a problem. Over-achieving students who are much younger often have to face burnout, sadness and even nervous breakdowns. (学业压力不一定要等到大学才成为问题。成绩优异的更小的学生常常要面临精疲力竭、悲伤甚至精神崩溃的问题)”可知，此处是讲学业压力问题，根据后文“Create a schedule of your priorities and follow it. (创建一个你的优先事项的时间表，并遵循它)”可知，接下来是讲如何处理这个问题。所以选项D. Hopefully, there are always some ways to help deal with it. (有希望的是，总有一些方法可以帮助我们解决这个问题)切合文意。故选D。
17．
根据前文“Create a schedule of your priorities and follow it.(创建一个你的优先事项的时间表，并遵循它)”可知，此处是指做一个优先事项时间表，所以选项G. So make a list of what you need to accomplish and include a timetable for it. (所以，把你需要完成的事情列一个清单，并附上一个时间表)切合文意。故选G。
18．
根据后文“Also, simply putting your feelings on paper tends to reduce the pressure’s effects. (此外，简单地把你的感受写在纸上往往会减少压力的影响)”可知，此处是指把压力写下来以缓解压力的影响，所以选项B. Start a diary in which you detail the pressures you face. (开始写日记，详细记录你所面临的压力)切合文意。故选B。
19．
根据前文“Make as many friends as you can, and spend time with people you love and who love you. (尽可能多交朋友，花时间和你爱的人和爱你的人在一起)”可知，此处是指花时间和朋友爱人在一起，所以选项F. Make it a point to spend time with them at least once or twice each week. (每周至少花一到两次时间和他们在一起)切合文意。故选F。
20．
根据前文“If you still find the academic pressure unbearable, consider professional help.(如果你仍然觉得学业压力难以承受，可以考虑专业帮助)”可知，此处是讲寻求专业帮助，所以选项C. Probably you will find such help available at your school. (也许你会在你的学校找到这样的帮助)切合文意，such help是指专业帮助。故选C。

21．A
22．B
23．A
24．C
25．D
26．C
27．B
28．D
29．D
30．A
31．C
32．D
33．C
34．B
35．A
36．B
37．D
38．C
39．D
40．A
【分析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者童年时期一直在努力取得掌控权，而一次去波多黎各的旅行中，作者通过和当地的男孩们踢球领悟到对控制的挣扎限制了自己，当我们向他人敞开心扉时，我们可以自由地获得创造力，也可以自由地表达自己。
21．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，在我去波多黎各的旅途中，这种需要突然停止了。A. stop停止；B. crisis危机；C. conclusion结论；D. agreement协议。根据上文“I felt the need to be in control. However, the need came to a sudden”可知however表示转折，说明作者这种掌控一切的需要突然停止了。故选A。
22．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在旅途中，旅行和足球的结合让我明白，自由不是来自于控制，而是来自于完全融入我的周围环境。A. voice声音；B. soccer足球；C. market市场；D. ocean海洋。呼应后文“a small, flat soccer ball”指旅行和足球的结合。故选B。
23．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在旅途中，旅行和足球的结合让我明白，自由不是来自于控制，而是来自于完全融入我的周围环境。A. control控制；B. resistance阻力；C. silence沉默；D. touch触碰。呼应上文“I felt the need to be in control.”指作者感悟到自由不是来自于控制。故选A。
24．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我站在圣胡安老城旅馆的阳台上，凝视着那条通往大海的长街。A. searching for寻找；B. walking through走过；C. staring at凝视；D. thinking about考虑。根据后文“the long street that led to the ocean”指作者在阳台上凝视街道。故选C。
25．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：从远处的街道市场传来的西班牙语声音让我想起这个地方和我的家是多么的不同。A. French法语；B. Italian意大利语；C. Portuguese葡萄牙语；D. Spanish西班牙语。根据后文提示“I'd been studying Spanish”可知当地说的是西班牙语。故选D。
26．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从远处的街道市场传来的西班牙语声音让我想起这个地方和我的家是多么的不同。A. special特别的；B. separate分开的；C. different不同的；D. remote遥远的。结合后文“this place was from my home”可知作者是去Puerto Rico旅行的，因此当地的语言让作者更加意识到这里与自己的家是多么不同。故选C。
27．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我决定是时候去探索了。A. work工作；B. explore探索；C. exercise锻炼；D. leave离开。根据后文“as I stepped onto the”可知作者决定出门进行探索。故选B。
28．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我学了六年西班牙语，但当我走上圣胡安老街时，我太紧张了，连两个以上的西班牙语单词都说不出来。A. beach海滩；B. playground操场；C. school学校；D. street街道。结合上文“I stood on the hotel balcony in Old San Juan, …the long street that led to the ocean”可知作者走上了之前在阳台上凝视的街道。后文“I went past the street vendors”也是提示。故选D。
29．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我学了六年西班牙语，但当我走上圣胡安老街时，我太紧张了，连两个以上的西班牙语单词都说不出来。A. proud自豪的；B. excited激动的；C. surprised惊讶的；D. nervous紧张的。根据后文“to put more than two Spanish words together”可知too…to…表示“太……以至于不能……”，说明作者非常紧张，说不出西班牙语来。故选D。
30．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我走过街头小贩，一边走一边轻轻地踢着足球，来到了波多黎各一座著名的城堡附近。A. arrived到达，来到；B. responded回答；C. stayed停留；D. gathered聚集。根据后文“near one of Puerto Rico's famous castles”指作者来到波多黎各一座著名的城堡附近。故选A。
31．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一群波多黎各男孩站成一圈，传递着一个扁平的小足球。A. drawing绘画；B. following跟随；C. passing传递，通过；D. sending寄出。结合前后文“A group of Puerto Rican boys stood in a circle … a small, flat soccer ball.”可知，男孩们站成一个圈是在传球。故选C。
32．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我和其中一个男孩进行了眼神交流，把球递给他们，加入了他们的行列。A. inspected检查；B. called打电话；C. taught教学；D. joined加入。根据后文“As we played”可知作者加入了男孩传球的行列中。故选D。
33．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们踢球的过程中，我逐渐开始感到清晰和流畅，这是我整个童年都在努力实现的。A. rushing猛冲；B. hesitating犹豫；C. struggling努力；D. continuing继续。结合后文“to achieve during my entire childhood”可知指清晰和流畅是作者整个童年都在努力实现的。后文“my struggle for control”也是提示。故选C。
34．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我放手了，因为我们之间的理解超越了文化和语言障碍，我感到很舒服。A. problem问题；B. understanding理解；C. celebration庆祝；D. apology道歉。根据后文“went beyond both cultural and language barriers”结合上文作者和男孩们通过眼神交流传球，可知他们之间的理解超越了文化和语言障碍。故选B。
35．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我之前对控制的需要来自于我成长过程中严厉的父母、教练和学校和社区的期望。A. previous以前的；B. urgent紧急的；C. recent最近的；D. immediate立即的。根据文章第一句“Throughout my childhood, I felt the need to be in control.”可知作者童年时觉得要掌控一切，作者如今得到了新的感悟，所以这一需要是以前的事情了。故选A。
36．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：只要能得到控制权，我就拼命争取。A. prepared准备；B. fought战斗；C. waited等待；D. reached到达。根据上文可知，作者因为父母、教练和学校和社区的期望，觉得需要掌控一切，所以只要能得到控制权，作者就拼命去争取，fight for“争取，为……而奋斗”。故选B。
37．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想的是足球比赛中的每一个动作，这让我缺乏创造力，还经常伤害球队。A. admired钦佩；B. fooled愚弄；C. formed形成；D. hurt伤害。根据上文“which made me less creative and often”可知作者想要掌控一切的需要让自己缺乏创造力，也对球队造成伤害。故选D。
38．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这段经历让我意识到，我对控制的努力限制了我。A. admit承认；B. select选择；C. realize意识到；D. expect期待。根据后文“I learned that when I open myself up to others, I am free to earn this rare state”可知这次踢球的经历，让作者意识到自己想要掌控一切的需要限制了自己。故选C。
39．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这段经历让我意识到，我对控制的努力限制了我。A. guiding指导；B. shaping塑造；C. urging催促；D. limiting限制。结合后文“I learned that when I open myself up to others, I am free to earn this rare state”可知，作者领悟到要敞开心扉，即理解了努力掌控一切限制了自我。故选D。
40．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我了解到，当我向他人敞开心扉时，我可以自由地获得这种罕见的创造力状态，在这种状态中，我可以自由地表达自己。A. creativity创造力；B. responsibility责任；C. independence独立；D. sensitivity敏感。呼应上文“which made me less creative”，作者对掌控权的渴望让自己缺乏创造力，因此敞开心扉可以获得创造力。故选A。

41．earliest
42．spread
43．is/was said
44．matches
45．in/during
46．which
47．It
48．gradually
49．professional
50．living
【分析】
本文为记叙文。文章主要叙述了足球的历史。蹴鞠大约是在公元前500年在中国发展起来的，当时用的是皮球。它被国际足联认为是最早的足球形式。汉代，蹴鞠的普及从军队传到宫廷和上层社会。据说南武帝很喜欢这项运动。蹴鞠比赛常在皇宫内举行。唐代得到进一步发展，并逐渐在世界范围内流行。宋代的蹴鞠运动最为发达。
41．考查形容词最高级。句意：公元前500年左右，中国发明了蹴鞠，当时用的是皮球。它被国际足联认为是最早的足球形式。根据语境可知，此处是指蹴鞠是足球最早的形式，故要用最高级，故填earliest。
42．考查谓语动词的时态及语态。汉代，蹴鞠的流行从军队传播到宫廷和上层社会。分析句子可知，本空是谓语动词，其中的主语是蹴鞠，与动词spread二者是主动关系，此处的时间状语是“汉代”，要用一般过去时，动词spread的过去时，还是spread。故填spread
43．考查谓语动词。句意：据说南朝武帝很喜欢这项运动。根据语境可知， “南朝武帝很喜欢这项运动”，既可以是现在大家说的，也可以是过去说的，所以既可用一般现在时，又可以用一般过去时。此处是主语从句，其中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。T主语从句“that Emperor Wu of nan enjoyed the sport.”与动词said是被动关系，是被说，因此要用被动语态。故填is/was said。
44．考查名词复数。句意：蹴鞠比赛常在故宫内举行。根据本句国的副词“often”可知 “蹴鞠比赛”不指一次，有许多次，可数名词match要用复数形式，故填matches。
45．考查介词。句意：蹴鞠运动在唐代得到进一步发展。根据语境可指蹴鞠运动在唐代得到进一步发展。此时可用“in/during”，故填in/during 。
46．考查定语从句。句意：在当时的帝国首都长安，有几十个组织良好的蹴鞠联盟。分析句子可知，本句是定语从句，其中的Chang'an是先行词，在定语从句中做主语，非限制性定语从句中做主语，指物，要用which，故填which。
47．考查强调句型。句意：在这个时代，韩国和日本也有类似的游戏。分析句子可知，本句是强调句型“it is/was + 被强调部分+that +剩余部分”，句强调了时间状语during this age，去掉“It is/was...that...”后句子是完整的。故填It。
48．考查状语。句意：也就是在这个时期，类似的游戏在韩国和日本开始流行，并逐渐在世界范围内流行。分析句子可知，空格处在句中修饰副词worldwide，修饰副词要用副词，故填gradually。
49．考查形容词。句意：当时，职业的蹴鞠运动员颇受欢迎。分析句子可知，本空格在句中作定语，修饰名词Cuju players，修饰名词要用形容词，故填professional。
50．考查固定搭配。句意：一组是由皇家宫廷训练和表演的，另一组是以蹴鞠为生的有才华的平民运动员。“make a living”为固定搭配，意为“以......为生”。故填living。
51．1. individual→individually
2. them→themselves
3. 去掉problems前的the
4. which→where
5. Beside→Besides
6. get前加to
7. offer→offers
8. to→with
9. dividing→divided
10. importance→important或在importance前加of
【分析】
本文为说明文。文章说明了完成工作的两种形式即个体工作和团队合作，并分别说明了两种工作方式的特点。
【详解】
1. 考查副词。句意：基本上有两种方法来完成工作。一是个体工作。分析句子可知，本句中的work是动词，修饰动词要用副词形式，而individual是形容词，要用其副词形式，故把individual改为individually。
2. 考查反身代词。句意：这样，人们就可以自己决定什么时候开始工作，怎样做。for oneself为固定搭配，意思为“为了自己，亲自”。分析句子可知，本句是指“为自己”，要用反身代词，故把them改为themselves。
3. 考查冠词。句意：他们将能够学习如何解决自己的问题。句中解决问题，是泛指，不是特指，故要去掉problems前的the。
4. 考查定语从句。句意：人们也可以选择在一个团队中工作，在团队中工作可以互相学习，互相帮助。分析句子可知，本句是定语从句，其中的先行词是team，而team在定语从句中作地点状语，要用where，故把which改为where。
5. 考查语境。句意：此外，他们可能通过讨论制定更好的办法来完成工作。根据上下文的语境可知，本句是承接上文，是此外，即besides，而beside是“在……旁边”，故把Beside改为Besides。
6.考查非谓语动词。句意： 此外，他们可以通过讨论找到更好的方法来完成工作。the way to do...为固定搭配，意为“做……的方法”，故把在get前加to。
7. 考查主谓一致。句意：就我个人而言，我更喜欢在一个团队里工作，这样我就有机会学习如何与他人相处，并与他们分享我的经验。本句是定语从句，其中定语从句的关系词which指代前面的a team，因此which是单数，谓语动词要用单数形式，故把offer改为offers。
8. 考查介词。句意：就我个人而言，我更喜欢在一个团队里工作，这样我就有机会学习如何与他人相处，并与他们分享我的经验。get along with...为固定搭配，意为“与……相处”，故把to改为with。
9. 考查被动语态。句意：因为这项工作可以分给几个人，所以可以高效地完成工作。分析句子可知，本句的主语是the work，与谓语动词divide二者是被动关系，故把dividing改为divided。
10.考查形容词或固定用法。句意：团队合作总是很重要的。本句是is是系动词，后面缺少表语，表语一般用形容词，故把importance改为important。英语中“of +名词”相当于形容词，即be of importance=be important，故也可在importance前加of。故把importance改为important或在importance前加of。
52．Dear David,
I have known from your letter that you will take Chinese Proficiency Test, which makes you very nervous. That’s quite normal and you are not alone, so don’t worry too much about it.
What you should do is to make full preparations for the test. Firstly, get familiar with the issues related to CPT, including the test targets, test procedures, test content and rules of testing centers etc. What’s more, practice makes perfect. If you practice continuously every day, your language ability will improve steadily.
Good luck. Work hard and I really hope you will get a good score in the text.
Yours,
Li Hua
【分析】
这是一篇应用文，要求写一封信。
【详解】
题目要求假定你是李华。你的英国朋友David来信说，他即将参加汉语水平考试 (Chinese Proficiency Test)，对此他感到非常紧张。请你给他回一封电子邮件，内容包括：1. 表示安慰；2. 备考建议；3. 你的祝愿。写作情境设置真实，任务要求符合学生能力水平，并且这个话题是学生生活中很熟悉的话题。该写作贴近学生生活，学生有话可说。考生成文时应注意：1. 结构采用三段成文：第一段说明自己知道了朋友David目前遇到的问题；第二段表示安慰，并且提出实用的备考建议；第三段表达自己的祝愿。2. 时态：一般现在时为主。3. 人称：第一人、二和三人称。4. 注意恰当使用一些连词，使文章自然、流畅。5. 适当使用一些高级词汇和句型以提高作文档次。
【点睛】
本篇书面表达要点全面，结构紧凑，是一篇较好的范文。这篇短文使用了大量的复合句。例如：使用了定语从句I have known from your letter that you will take Chinese Proficiency Test, which makes you very nervous.和宾语从句Work hard and I really hope you will get a good score in the text.
.