广东省东华高级中学2021届高三上学期期末联考英语试题

这是一份广东省东华高级中学2021届高三上学期期末联考英语试题，共23页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，开放性作文，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。
广东省东华高级中学2021届高三上学期期末联考英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
To get from New York City (NYC) to Chicago, there are several transportation options. Consider the pros and cons of each option to choose the best one for you.

Time
Cost
Best for
Train
20 hours
from $70
seeing scenery
Flight
3 hours
from $48, but varies widely
getting there quickly
Bus
19 hours
from $38
travelers on a budget
Car
12 hours
from $60
stopping for attractions
By train
Traveling by train from NYC to Chicago is a relatively long journey. Trains go from Penn Station in Manhattan to Union Station. The route is serviced by Amtrak, via the Lake Shore Limited or Cardinal to Chicago or by changing trains either in Washington, D．C．or Pittsburgh. You can purchase tickets in advance by Amtrak or in person at Penn Station.
By plane
Flying to Chicago is the fastest and most convenient way to travel there from NYC．The major carriers include JetBlue, Delta, United, and American Airlines, as well as budget carriers including Southwest and Spirit Airlines.
By bus
Bus service from NYC to Chicago is a long journey, too. Greyhound is the only company that services this route and buses depart from Port Authority Bus Terminal in Manhattan and arrive at Union Station. These buses offer Wi-Fi service.
By car
You'll drive through New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Ohio, and then along the Michigan and Indiana border until you go around the southern tip of Lake Michigan and back up into Chicago. While this trip is long, the most significant advantage of traveling by car is that there are a few interesting places to stop along the way.
1．How should you go to Chicago from NYC if you want to save money?
A．By train. B．By plane. C．By bus. D．By car.
2．At which place can you buy train tickets to Chicago?
A．Union Station. B．Penn Station. C．Delta. D．Greyhound.
3．What is the advantage of driving to Chicago from NYC?
A．Saving more money.
B．Spending less time.
C．Stopping to enjoy scenery.
D．Staying in NYC for a long time.

I just had a snowstorm that piled up eight inches of snow. It truly was a winter wonderland, and there was white beauty everywhere. Since I didn't have anything to do that day, I really enjoyed it.
But then the second snowstorm arrived that night, piling additional inches of snow on top of the snow banks that were already there. And then on the evening news, the weather cast gave us a notice that still another snowstorm was headed our way. Then I felt despondent. I had things to do and places to go. After days of being snowbound, I felt like I was under house arrest. I was stuck.
A place stuck isn't a fun place to be, whether it's from a snowstorm or from life circumstances such as a bad relationship, bills that seem to tower over our heads, or situations where we see no way out. All of us will feel stuck at one time or another, but it's how we respond that makes the difference.
I had a friend named Hannah. She was stuck in the heartbreaking world of infertility (不孕). She longed for a child more than anything. Instead of accepting defeat, she acted sincerely. Think about Nelson Mandela in a dark prison. It was a seemingly hopeless place, but instead of becoming depressed or bitter, he kept fighting for freedom. Yes, he kept fighting to get the success.
Circumstances cannot define us, but our reactions do. Each of those men and women learned important lessons in their "stuck" situations, and we can as well.
4．What does the underlined word" despondent" in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Unhappy. B．Unusual. C．Ambitious. D．Energetic.
5．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3?
A．Summarize the previous paragraphs.
B．Provide some advice for the readers.
C．Introduce some background information.
D．Form a connecting link of the context.
6．Why does the author mention Hannah and Nelson Mandela?
A．To introduce two great celebrities.
B．To introduce the way to be famous.
C．To show their different circumstances.
D．To show how to respond to difficult situations.
7．What's the best title for the text?
A．Don't be defeated by failure
B．Don't be trapped by snow
C．Enjoy the white beauty
D．Keep calm in the winter

In a new study published on the Journal of Auian Biology, researchers at the National Autonomous University of Mexico tracked the behavior of house finches(雀) on the main campus of the university, in Mexico City.
The team created an artificial nest lining(内衬), which includes feathers, cotton, hair and cigarette ends. Then, after the birds 'eggs had hatched, they replaced the original lining with the new one, to make sure the nests were pest free. The researchers then added live ticks to the mix, while dead ticks were added to other linings.
It seems that urban house finches use more cigarette ends to line their nests when they've been invaded by ticks. And, those whose nests were given live ticks increased their cigarette end weight by about 40 percent more than those where dead ticks had been used, according to New Scientist. The technique is likely a form of self-medication, the experts explain, as it's thought that the chemicals in cigarette ends can help to keep off the pests.
While this behavior may have its benefits, the researchers say it's also possible that the use of cigarette ends in the nests could have negative effects. "It is a matter of concern that cigarette ends, being poisonous, are part of house finch nests in Mexico City," the authors explain in the paper," but we have not come across evidence of long-term costs of using this material."
According to the researchers, a thorough evaluation will be necessary to determine the real effects of using cigarette ends, whether they are positive or not. But they explain, the findings do suggest that the cigarette ends are linked to the presence of ticks and likely play a role in keeping them away.
8．What does the underlined phrase" the mix" in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The former nests. B．The artificial lining.
C．The cigarette ends. D．The original lining.
9．What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．The findings of the experiment.
B．The application of the research findings.
C．The theory related to the recent research.
D．The reasons for house finches using cigarette ends.
10．What did house finches do when live ticks were found in their nests?
A．Eat them out. B．Dust them off.
C．Build firmer nests. D．Use more cigarette ends.
11．Which word best describes the author's attitude to the study?
A．Skeptical. B．Conservative. C．Objective. D．Tolerant.

Cars could soon be communicating with each other using 5G to make drivers aware of upcoming dangers, scientists claim. The ultra-fast mobile Internet would allow for rapid information transmission and could make drivers aware of black ice, pot holes or other dangers up ahead.
Several car manufacturers are already integrating 5G into their vehicles, including as a tool to welcome the coming of self-driving vehicles. Experts believe the high-speed connection will also improve the reliability and capability of automated vehicles to the point where they will be safer than the manual cars being driven today. They predict the number of road traffic accidents—which according to the World Health Organization (WHO) account for more than 1.3 million deaths and up to 50 million people injured worldwide every year—will drop thoroughly as a result.
Dr Dimitrios Liarokapis, a member of the research group, said: "With the help of 5G, an early warning system that alerts (给……报警）drivers is possible within the next few years. Cars that are close enough to the danger area will send warning messages to other cars around them using short-range communication technologies, but also to cars further away using 5G, fast and reliably. Then those cars will transmit the same information to cars near them and so on, forming a joined-up, multi-vehicle communication chain that stretches far and wide."
Automotive giant Ford is already working on connected cars. Earlier this year it revealed its intention to fit 80 percent of its 2020 vehicles with technology that warns drivers about upcoming road accidents, bad weather and traffic jams. The system pools data from other connected road users, emergency services and the authorities and sends it from the cloud directly to the car. Alerts are shown on the car's dashboard display warning the driver about what lies around the corner.
12．How can 5G help reduce road accidents?
A．By offering the fast mobile Internet.
B．By helping drivers overcome dangers.
C．By offering practical safety programs.
D．By helping WHO calculate traffic accidents.
13．What is the function of the communication chain?
A．To track other drivers.
B．To send warning messages.
C．To collect drivers' information.
D．To send the traffic situation to the police.
14．What can we expect of the cars in the future?
A．They will be safer.
B．They may be bigger.
C．They may replace other vehicles.
D．They will be more personalized.
15．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Cars of Ford are the most intelligent.
B．Warning messages are shown on phones.
C．Ford is the first producer to use 5G.
D．Connected cars are equipped with 5G.

二、七选五
There are lots of things to pay attention to when the new school year starts. Although it is exciting for students, this yearly transition can also be a big source of stress. _16_Here are some ways to make your back-to-school experience as smooth as possible.
Get organized._17_ You can set up a system that you can use right from the beginning of the term. Some students find that a colorful binder(活页夹）helps them keep all their assignments in order. Others might benefit from keeping a weekly plan in a notebook.
Make a schedule. Outline a daily plan for school projects, social events and activities. Make sure you record your assignments in the same place every week. Next, we suggest separating assignments into smaller, manageable steps, and then ordering those steps according to the project due date._18_ Finally, these steps will help you learn the time management skills.
_19_One of the most important things you can do to ensure a great school year is to understand how you learn best. Some children absorb information by listening; other students do best when information is conveyed visually, through charts or illustrations.
Remember to take breaks._20_ As time goes by, they also seem to get fuller. Don't forget to build breaks into your routine. Even a two-minute walk around the house or quick snack can work wonders for a busy brain. We all need to take moments to reset our minds.
A.Identify your learning style.
B.Focus on the most effective time.
C.You can join a famous organization.
D.Make sure your study is free of the mess.
E.The beginning of the year can feel good for everyone.
F.Luckily, you can deal with it well through some efforts.
G.You can use the plan to manage daily homework and study time.

三、完形填空
At sixteen, I was seriously hurt in my back and had an operation. Eleven months after the operation, while playing baseball, I took one bad _21_and knew the operation had _22_So I had another operation.
Every day I am__23__that each step I take can be the wrong one and that I will face another _24_.Yet.in spite of the constant fear, I have learned something very _25_.The experience has taught me to regard difficulties as _26_ rather than reasons to quit.
I have _27_ playing baseball through my entire life. Throughout the last three years, I have tried to play baseball _28_,but I was reminded that I couldn't play any more.To be able to be on the _29_,I tried being a manager and scorekeeper.
My last summer was spent without excitement. I couldn't do fun things sitting in an armchair so that my back could _30_.Therefore, I thought of my_31_.I have realized my academic life is the _32_I am not the smartest student, but I am_33_ in each of these academic areas._34_ my back injury, I have learned to study with focus. My second goal is to _35_ the previous state: being athletic, strong and ready for any challenge.
21．A．temper B．position C．swing D．rest
22．A．failed B．ended C．begun D．continued
23．A．ashamed B．worried C．confused D．depressed
24．A．chance B．lesson C．surgery D．punishment
25．A．strange B．tough C．pitiful D．important
26．A．technology B．motivation C．choices D．solutions
27．A．risked B．regretted C．abandoned D．enjoyed
28．A．again B．too C．firmly D．easily
29．A．way B．team C．line D．list
30．A．recover B．survive C．suffer D．tolerate
31．A．achievements B．wishes C．goals D．experiences
32．A．proof B．progress C．priority D．process
33．A．poor B．skillful C．honest D．disappointed
34．A．Without B．Besides C．Instead of D．Thanks to
35．A．regain B．challenge C．practise D．guide

四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China plans to complete the construction of a space station and have ___36___put into operation around 2022,said Zhou Jianping. the chief designer of China's manned space program, at a forum(论坛）____37____(hold)in south China's Guangdong Province. The space station ____38____(design)to weigh 100 tonnes and accommodate three astronauts, ____39____ could be enlarged if needed, according to Zhou.
“The main goal of the construction of the space station is to enable China to become a country ____40____(independent)mastering the technology for long-term manned flight in near-Earth space, and having the capability to carry out long-term manned scientific ___41___(experiment) in near-Earth space and comprehensive development and utilization(利用）of space resources,”____42____(say)Zhou at the 4th China Summit Forum on Human Factors Engineering, which was held at Sun Yat-sen University from Saturday to Sunday.
The space station will be built as China's main platform for space science research, _____43_____ the intention of mastering the technologies in constructing and ___44___(operate)large space facilities, the technologies that guarantee life and health of astronauts who often fly in orbit, and the construction of a _____45_____(nation)space lab, according to Zhou.
五、开放性作文
46．你的英语老师布置了家庭作业。请按要求以做过的最有意义的事为题写一篇短文，内容包括：
1.简介事情；
2.陈述意义。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The Most Meaningful Thing I Did
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

六、读后续写
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The fourth Thursday in November is called Thanksgiving Day, which has been one of the most important festivals in the United States. The theme is thankfulness for peace and happiness of family life during the past year. People usually eat roast turkey and pumpkin pie to celebrate the holiday.
There are always moving stories about Thanksgiving Day. Though the stories have different leading roles, the topics of them are the same: showing the sincere appreciation to their loved people, such as parents, siblings（兄弟姊妹），friends, teachers and so on.
I also have a moving story that happened on Thanksgiving Day. At first it sounded like a thanksgiving story, but the more I reflected on it, the more appropriate it seemed for any time of the year. The story went like this: when Thanksgiving Day was coming, a teacher gave her class an interesting task-to draw a picture of something for which they were thankful.
Most of the class might be considered economically disadvantaged, but still many would celebrate the holiday with turkey, corn, pumpkins and other traditional things of the season, like all of those symbols drawn on the holiday decorations and greeting cards. These, the teacher thought, would be the subjects of most of her students art.
All students drew their pictures as the teacher thought, except one boy-Peterson. He made a different kind of picture. Peterson seemed to be a strange student in the class. As other children played during break, he usually chose to quietly stand close by the teacher's side. They didn't know what had ever happened to him and nobody could guess how Peterson felt behind his sad eyes. He didn't like to play with the other students nor talk with them.
When the little boy was asked to draw a picture of something for which he was thankful, he drew a hand. There was nothing else but an empty hand on the picture. It was different from other pictures.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
His abstract picture caught the imagination of his classmates.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________When the children went on to discuss other pictures,the teacher paused at the boy's desk.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案：
1．C
2．B
3．C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了从纽约城到芝加哥的几种交通方式。
1．
细节理解题。根据表格中Cost一栏的对比可知，乘坐巴士去芝加哥是最省钱的。故选C项。
2．
细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“You can purchase tickets in advance by Amtrak or in person at Penn Station.”（您可以提前在美国铁路公司买票或亲自到宾州火车站购票。）可知，人们可以在Penn Station购买火车票。故选B项。
3．
细节理解题。由文章最后一句“While this trip is long, the most significant advantage of traveling by car is that there are a few interesting places to stop along the way.”（沿着这条路，开车旅行最重要的优势就是，沿途有几个有趣的地方可以停下来（欣赏）。）可知，开车去芝加哥的最大好处是能停车欣赏沿途的风景。故选C项。
4．A
5．D
6．D
7．B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述，作者曾经被大雪困住，无法外出。他从这件事中学到了对待人生应该持有的态度——乐观勇敢地面对困境。
4．
词义猜测题。由第二段中的“I had things to do and places to go. After days of being snowbound, I felt like I was under house arrest. I was stuck.”（我有事情要做，有地方要去。在被大雪困了好几天之后，我觉得自己被软禁起来了。我被卡住了。）可知作者感觉自己像是被软禁了，说明当时作者是不开心的(despondent)。故选A项。
5．
推理判断题。文章前两段介绍了作者被大雪困住的遭遇，而文章第四段和第五段就如何应对困境进行了阐述。另外，第三段介绍了人们在现实生活中可能遇见的困境，属于过渡段落，起着承上启下的作用。故选D项。
6．
推理判断题。由第四段“I had a friend named Hannah. She was stuck in the heartbreaking world of infertility (不孕). She longed for a child more than anything. Instead of accepting defeat, she acted sincerely. Think about Nelson Mandela in a dark prison. It was a seemingly hopeless place, but instead of becoming depressed or bitter, he kept fighting for freedom. Yes, he kept fighting to get the success.”（我有个朋友叫汉娜。她被困在令人心碎的不孕世界里，她最渴望的是一个孩子。她没有接受失败，反而表现得很诚恳。想想纳尔逊·曼德拉在黑暗的监狱里。这是一个看似绝望的地方，但他没有变得沮丧或痛苦，而是继续为自由而战。是的，他一直在努力争取成功。）可知第四段介绍了两个乐观勇敢面对困境的例子。故选D项。
7．
主旨大意题。文章前两段介绍了作者被大雪困住的遭遇（大雪在这里指困境），第三段介绍了人们在现实生活中可能遇见的困境，第四段和第五段就如何应对困境进行了阐述,作者通过讲述自己遇雪的经历和所举的例子，告诉大家要乐观勇敢地面对困境，B项“别被雪困住”符合文意。故选B项。
8．B
9．A
10．D
11．C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是说明文。研究表明，家雀用烟蒂筑巢能有效地防御壁虱的侵扰，但同时这也存在一定的危害。
8．
词义猜测题。根据上文The team created an artificial nest lining(内衬), which includes feathers, cotton, hair and cigarette ends. Then, after the birds 'eggs had hatched, they replaced the original lining with the new one, to make sure the nests were pest free.可知，这个团队创造的人工内衬是羽毛、棉花、毛发和烟蒂的混合物。然后，在鸟蛋孵化后，他们用新的内衬替换原来的，以确保鸟巢没有害虫。故画线部分是指替换过后的人工内衬。故选B。
9．
主旨大意题。根据第三段It seems that urban house finches use more cigarette ends to line their nests when they've been invaded by ticks. And, those whose nests were given live ticks increased their cigarette end weight by about 40 percent more than those where dead ticks had been used, according to New Scientist. The technique is likely a form of self-medication, the experts explain, as it's thought that the chemicals in cigarette ends can help to keep off the pests.可知似乎城市家雀在被壁虱入侵的时候会用更多的烟头来筑巢。而且，根据《新科学家》的研究，那些有活的壁虱的蚁巢比那些有死的壁虱的蚁巢增加了40%的烟头。专家解释说，这种技术可能是一种自我治疗，因为人们认为烟头中的化学物质有助于赶走害虫。由此可知，第三段主要介绍了壁虱放人不同类型的雀巢后的实验结果。故选A。
10．
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句It seems that urban house finches use more cigarette ends to line their nests when they've been invaded by ticks.可知似乎城市家雀在被壁虱入侵的时候会用更多的烟头来筑巢。由此可知，当壁虱侵袭雀巢时，家雀会使用更多的烟蒂来筑巢。故选D。
11．
推理判断题。文章主要客观描述了家雀用烟蒂筑巢的优点和存在的负面影响，没有掺杂作者的主观情感，由此可推知，作者对此研究持客观的态度。故选C。
12．A
13．B
14．A
15．D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，5G能帮助车辆快速地传播路况信息，让驾驶员提前了解潜在的危险，因此使驾驶更加安全。
12．
细节理解题。由第一段最后一句“The ultra-fast mobile Internet would allow for rapid information transmission and could make drivers aware of black ice, pot holes or other dangers up ahead.”（超快的移动互联网将允许快速的信息传输，并能让驾驶员意识到前方的黑冰、坑洞或其他危险。）可知5G通过提供快速移动互联网（the fast mobile Internet）使驾驶员能知道前方的危险，以减少交通事故。故选A项。
13．
细节理解题。由第三段中的“With the help of 5G, an early warning system that alerts (给……报警）drivers is possible within the next few years. Cars that are close enough to the danger area will send warning messages to other cars around them using short-range communication technologies, but also to cars further away using 5G, fast and reliably. Then those cars will transmit the same information to cars near them and so on, forming a joined-up, multi-vehicle communication chain that stretches far and wide.”（在5G的帮助下，未来几年内，一个提醒驾驶员的预警系统是可能的。距离危险区域足够近的车辆将使用短程通信技术向周围的其他车辆发送警告信息，但也会使用5G快速可靠地向更远的车辆发送警告信息。然后，这些汽车将把同样的信息传送到附近的汽车上，以此类推，形成一个连接起来的多车通信链，延伸到很远很远的地方。）可知，在5G技术的帮助下，一个汽车警报系统就可以建立起来，驾驶员将通过它来传递道路消息，从而形成一个联合的、多辆车之间的交流链(communication chain)。故选B项。
14．
推理判断题。由第一段最后一句“The ultra-fast mobile Internet would allow for rapid information transmission and could make drivers aware of black ice, pot holes or other dangers up ahead.”（超快的移动互联网将允许快速的信息传输，并能让驾驶员意识到前方的黑冰、坑洞或其他危险。），第二段中的“Experts believe the high-speed connection will also improve the reliability and capability of automated vehicles to the point where they will be safer than the manual cars being driven today.”（专家认为，高速连接还将提高自动化车辆的可靠性和能力，使其比今天驾驶的手动汽车更安全。）和第四段中的“Automotive giant Ford is already working on connected cars. Earlier this year it revealed its intention to fit 80 percent of its 2020 vehicles with technology that warns drivers about upcoming road accidents, bad weather and traffic jams.”（汽车巨头福特已经在研发联网汽车。今年早些时候，该公司透露，打算在2020年的80%的汽车上安装一项技术，警告驾驶员即将发生的交通事故、恶劣天气和交通堵塞。）可推断出未来汽车更安全。故选A项。
15．
推理判断题。由最后一段“Automotive giant Ford is already working on connected cars. Earlier this year it revealed its intention to fit 80 percent of its 2020 vehicles with technology that warns drivers about upcoming road accidents, bad weather and traffic jams. The system pools data from other connected road users, emergency services and the authorities and sends it from the cloud directly to the car. Alerts are shown on the car's dashboard display warning the driver about what lies around the corner.”（汽车巨头福特已经在研发联网汽车。今年早些时候，该公司透露，打算在2020年的80%的汽车上安装一项技术，警告驾驶员即将发生的交通事故、恶劣天气和交通堵塞。该系统汇集了来自其他联网道路用户、紧急服务部门和当局的数据，并将其从云端直接发送到汽车上。汽车的仪表盘显示屏上会显示警报，提醒驾驶员拐角处有什么东西。），可知福特公司正在研发联网汽车，而这些汽车和上文介绍的那些汽车一样具有传播道路信息的功能，由此推出，这些联网汽车应该也装有5G。故选D项。
16．F
17．D
18．G
19．A
20．E
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个在新学期开学前做好准备的方法。
16．
前一句提到“新学期开始前的过渡期可能会给学生带来压力”，后一句引出下文“这里有几种方法”。F选项符合文义，属于过渡句，句意是“幸运的是，通过一些努力，你可以很好地应对这些压力”。故选F。
17．
本段主旨大意是“在开学前，把与学习相关的事情都安排好”，这也就要求学生做到“不能让学习杂乱”；结合选项可知，选项D. Make sure your study is free of the mess. 确保你的书房没有乱七八糟的东西，与本段的主旨表示的意思一致。故选D。
18．
根据本段Make a schedule. Outline a daily plan for school projects, social events and activities.可知，作者建议制定时间表。为学校项目、社会活动和活动制定每日计划；结合选项可知，选项G项的“the plan”和上文的“a daily plan”相呼应，符合题意。故选G。
19．
本段主要讲了不同的学生有不同的学习风格，那么确定适合自己的学习风格就显得格外重要。结合选项可知，选项A. Identify your learning style. 确定你的学习风格,与本段描述的内容意义一致。故选A。
20．
根据后一句 As time goes by, they also seem to get fuller. 可知，随着时间的推移，人们似乎也越来忙碌，这和E项“一年的开始对于大家来说都是美好的”形成对比。故选E。
21．C
22．A
23．B
24．C
25．D
26．B
27．D
28．A
29．B
30．A
31．C
32．C
33．B
34．D
35．A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是记叙文。作者在16岁时，由于背部受伤，做了手术。而手术后一次糟糕的挥球导致手术失败，让从小热爱棒球的他几年内无法再打棒球。但他并没有气馁，而是从中悟出了要坚定自我，不放弃的人生哲理。
21．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：手术11个月后，在打棒球的时候，我做出了一次糟糕的挥球，然后我就知道手术失败了。A. temper脾气；B. position位置；C. swing挥球；D. rest休息。根据上文while playing baseball可知作者术后11个月再次去打棒球，做出了一次糟糕的挥球( swing)。故选C。
22．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：手术11个月后，在打棒球的时候，我做出了一次糟糕的挥球，然后我就知道手术失败了。A. failed失败；B. ended结束；C. begun开始；D. continued继续。根据下文的“So I had another operation”可知，这次糟糕的挥球导致手术失败了(failed)。故选A。
23．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每天我都在担心我走的每动一步都可能是错的，担心我将面临另一个手术。A. ashamed羞愧的；B. worried担心的；C. confused困惑的；D. depressed沮丧的。根据下文的“in spite of the constant fear”可知，作者经常担心( worried)。故选B。
24．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天我都在担心我走的每动一步都可能是错的，担心我将面临另一个手术。A. chance机会；B. lesson课程；C. surgery外科手术；D. punishment惩罚。结合上文中knew the operation had可知作者11个月前做了一次手术，这次挥球导致了手术失败，所以作者担心自己每动一下都会导致要面对另一次手术( surgery)。故选C。
25．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，尽管不断感到恐惧，我还是学到了一些非常重要的东西。A. strange奇怪的；B. tough艰苦的；C. pitiful可怜的；D. important重要的。根据下文The experience has taught me to regard difficulties可知，作者学到了重要的( important)东西。故选D。
26．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这段经历让我学会了把困难当成动力而不是放弃的理由。A. technology技术；B. motivation动力；C. choices选择；D. solutions解决方案。根据下文的“rather than reasons to quit”可知，作者把挫折看成是前进的动力(motivation)而不是放弃的理由。故选B。
27．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一生都很喜欢打棒球。A. risked冒险；B. regretted后悔；C. abandoned抛弃；D. enjoyed喜欢。根据下文playing baseball through my entire life可知，作者喜欢(enjoyed)棒球这项运动。故选D。
28．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：在过去的三年里，我试图再次打棒球，但我被提醒我不能再打球了。A. again又，再一次；B. too也；C. firmly坚定地；D. easily容易地。结合上文Throughout the last three years, I have tried to play baseball可知手术后作者想再次(again)打自己喜欢的棒球，但被告知不能打。故选A。
29．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了能够成为球队的一员，我尝试做一名经理和记分员。A. way方法；B. team队伍；C. line路线；D. list清单。根据下文的“I tried being a manager and scorekeeper”可知，作者想再次归队(team)。故选B。
30．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不能坐在扶手椅上做一些有趣的事情来恢复我的背部。A. recover恢复；B. survive幸存；C. suffer遭受；D. tolerate忍受。上文讲到作者被告知不能打球，所以他整个夏天都坐在椅子上，等待背部手术后的恢复(recover)。故选A。
31．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，我想到了我的目标。A. achievements成就；B. wishes希望；C. goals目标；D. experiences经历。根据下文中My second goal可知此处指作者有两个目标。故选C。
32．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我意识到我的学业是要优先考虑的事。我不是最聪明的学生，但我在这些学术领域都很熟练。A. proof证明；B. progress过程；C. priority优先考虑的事，优先权；D. process过程。作者动了手术后，无法再打棒球，所以学业就成了他优先考虑的事( priority)。故选C。
33．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我意识到我的学业是要优先考虑的事。我不是最聪明的学生，但我在这些学术领域都很擅长。A. poor贫穷的；B. skillful擅长的，熟练的；C. honest诚实的；D. disappointed失望的。上文中but表示转折，说明作者虽然不是最聪明的学生，但他擅长(skillful)每一门功课。故选B。
34．
考查介词短语辨析。句意：由于背部受伤，我学会了专注地学习。A. Without除了；B. Besides而且；C. Instead of而不是；D. Thanks to由于，因为。作者之所以能够专注学习，是因为(Thanks to)他做了这个背部手术。故选D。
35．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的第二个目标是恢复以前的状态：运动，强壮，准备好迎接任何挑战。A. regain恢复；B. challenge挑战；C. practise练习；D. guide指导。根据后文the previous state可知作者第二个目标是恢复(regain)状态，能勇敢地面对任何挑战。故选A。
36．it
37．held
38．was designed
39．which
40．independently
41．experiments
42．said
43．with
44．operating
45．national
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲的是中国修建太空站的一些事情。包括计划投入运营的时间、太空站的设计理念，以及修建太空站的目的和意义等等。
36．
考查代词。句意：周建平表示，中国计划完成一个空间站的建设，并在2022年左右投入运行。空格前为动词have(让）,其后缺少宾语，空格后为动词短语的过去分词形式put into operation(被……投入使用），此处为固定搭配have sth done(让某物/某事被做）。结合空格前提及单数形式的名词短语space station(太空站），故答案为it。
37．
考查过去分词作定语。句意：…中国载人航天计划的总设计师, 在中国南部广东省举办的一个论坛说道…。空格前无连词，句子的谓语动词为said,推断空格为非谓语动词。逻辑主语a forum(一个论坛）和动词hold(举办）之间为逻辑上的被动关系，表示“一个在中国南部的广东省举办的论坛”，故答案为held。
38．
考查动词时态和语态。句意：据周介绍，空间站的设计重量为100吨，可以容纳三名宇航员，如果需要还可以扩大。搭配be designed to do sth.(被设计用来做某事）。空格前为主语The space station(这个太空站）,第三人称单数，空格后为不定式，句子缺少谓语部分，主语和动词design(设计）之间为被动关系，且could提示句子时态为一般过去时，故填 was designed。
39．
考查非限制性定语从句。句意见上题。　　　　4　　　　 could be enlarged if needed, according to Zhou.是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是The space station(这个太空站）指物，关系词在从句中作主语，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故填 which。
40．
考查副词。句意：“建设空间站的主要目标是使中国成为一个独立掌握近地空间长期载人飞行技术的国家。空格后为作定语的现在分词mastering(掌握），故填副词independently(独立地），修饰动词mastering。故答案为independently。
41．
考查名词。句意：…有能力长期开展近地空间载人科学实验。空格前为形容词scientific(科学的）,空格后为地点状语in near-Earth space(在近地太空），该空作carry out的宾语，用名词，结合给出单词为可数名词，且空格前无不定冠词，应用名词复数形式。故答案为experiments。
42．
考查时态。句意：…全面开发利用的空间资源，周建平在第四届中国高峰论坛说道…，空格前为主语Zhou,空格后为地点状语at the 4th China Summit Forum on Human Factors Engineering(在第四届中国人因工程高峰论坛上）,句子缺少谓语动词，结合was提示句子时态为一般过去时，故填said。
43．
考查固定搭配。句意：空间站将作为我国空间科学研究的主要平台，旨在掌握建设技术。with the intention of(打算....)，故填 with。
44．
考查非谓语动词。句意：…运行大型空间设施，保证经常在轨道上飞行的宇航员的生命和健康的技术。空格前为连接两个词性相同的成分的并列连词and，空格后为名词短语"大型的太空设施，推断空格为和mastering(掌握）一样词性的动名词，作介词of的宾语，故填 operating。
45．
考查形容词。句意：建设一个国家空间实验室。分析句子结构可知：空格前为不定冠词a,空格后为单数形式的名词短语“太空实验室”，用形容词修饰名词，故填national。
46．The Most Meaningful Thing I Did
The most meaningful thing I did was that I went to a nursing home to do voluntary work last summer holi-day. Getting everything ready, I went to the nursing home with my best friend. Upon arriving there, we started to clean the floor and help the elder wash clothes. The elder felt happy and shared many wonderful stories with us.
The experience made me realize that old people need our care and we should spend more time staying with them. From then on, I decided to do voluntary work more often and I learned a lesson that elders are treasures.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于开放性作文，要求考生以做过的最有意义的事为题写一篇英语短文。
【详解】
第一步：审题
体裁：命题类作文
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般过去时。
结构：本文需分两段描述，第一段介绍最有意义的事件是什么，并做简介；第二段介绍做这件事情的意义在哪里。
要求：书写规范，内容完整
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
do voluntary work ;share…with…; spend time with sb.;from then on
第三步：连词成句
1.The most meaningful thing I did was that I went to a nursing home to do voluntary work last summer holiday.
2.Getting everything ready, I went to the nursing home with my best friend.
3.Upon arriving there, we started to clean the floor and help the elder wash clothes.
4.The elder felt happy and shared many wonderful stories with us.
5.The experience made me realize that old people need our care and we should spend more time staying with them.
6.From then on, I decided to do voluntary work more often and I learned a lesson that elders are treasures.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】
范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句，如：The most meaningful thing I did was that I went to a nursing home to do voluntary work last summer holiday.这句话运用了that引导的表语从句；文章也使用了一些固定词组，如do voluntary work ;share…with…; spend time with sb.;from then on等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
47．His abstract picture caught the imagination of his classmates. Whose hand could it be? One child said that Peterson had drawn an artist's hand, because artists draw greeting cards. Another said it was a police officer’s hand, because the police protect and help people. Still others guessed it was a hand of parents, for they give happiness to children. The discussion continued until the teacher almost forgot the young artist himself.
When the children went on to discuss other pictures, the teacher paused at the boy's desk. She asked Peter-son whose hand in the picture it was. The little boy whispered, “It's yours, teacher.” He remembered the time when she stayed quietly with him. He continued, “Whenever I got into trouble, you always gave me a hand. I'm full of thankfulness for your help.” The teacher felt moved after listening to Peterson's words. She touched Peterson's head and continued to work with the tears welling up in her eyes.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达是读后续写。
【详解】
通过阅读所给文章可知，感恩节是一个感恩的节日，感恩节总是有感人的故事，作者讲述了一个发生在感恩节的感人故事，一位老师给全班同学布置了一个有趣的任务，让他们画一幅他们感激的东西，所有的学生都像老师想的那样画画，除了一个男孩彼得森，这个在班上有点奇怪的学生画了一只手。
续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：他的抽象画引起了同学们的想象。本段应该写班上孩子们对这只手发挥想象，纷纷猜测这只手是谁的手。第二段开头是：当孩子们继续讨论其他图片时，老师在男孩的桌子前停了下来。本段应该写老师问彼得森是谁的手，彼得森告诉老师这是老师的手，因为老师总帮助彼得森，老师听了后感到很感动。
续写时要注意所续写短文的词数应为150左右，按要求完成写作任务。
【点睛】
本文描写详略得当，使用了高级词汇和高级句子。如：give sth. to sb.，get into trouble，give sb. a hand，be full of等高级词汇；定语从句He remembered the time when she stayed quietly with him，时间状语从句Whenever I got into trouble, you always gave me a hand，with复合结构with the tears welling up in her eyes等高级句式。