2022年中考英语时事热点话题题型 40 汤加遭遇史诗级火山爆发 火山海啸自然灾害需引起高度重视

这是一份2022年中考英语时事热点话题题型 40 汤加遭遇史诗级火山爆发 火山海啸自然灾害需引起高度重视，共31页。试卷主要包含了阅读单选，多任务混合阅读，语法填空，短文选词填空等内容，欢迎下载使用。

背景事件：
汤加遭遇千年一遇的高强度海底火山喷发，多国发布海啸预警。
新华社发
南太平洋岛国汤加的洪阿哈阿帕伊岛14日和15日发生火山喷发，首都努库阿洛法观测到海啸。日本、美国、加拿大等国均发布海啸预警。专家指出，事发地火山口已苏醒，喷发活跃期可持续数周甚至数年，尚不清楚目前是否已达喷发的峰值。
■ 汤加首都主要街道被淹
■ 多国发布海啸预警
■ 联合国随时准备提供支持
■ 中国外交部：愿提供力所能及的支持和援助
外交部发言人汪文斌16日就汤加火山爆发答记者问时表示，中方十分关注汤加火山爆发并引发海啸、火山灰等灾害，愿应汤方要求提供力所能及的支持和援助。
据新华社北京1月16日电
来源： 长江日报
一、阅读单选
A
The Explding Lakes f Camern
What cmes t mind when yu think f a lake? Yu prbably imagine a pretty scene with blue water, birds, and fish. Fr the peple in the nrthwestern Camern, hwever, the image is very different. Fr them, lakes may mean terrible disasters. In 1984, pisnus gases explded ut f Lake Mnun and came dwn int the nearby villages, killing thirty-seven peple. Tw years later, Lake Nys erupted a clud f gases rlled dwn the hills and int the valleys and killed 1,700 peple.
Lake Nys and Lake Mnun are crater (火山口) lakes. They were frmed when water cllected in the craters f ld vlcanes. The vlcanes under Lake Nys and Lake Mnun are nt active anymre. Hwever, pisnus gases frm the center f the earth cntinue t flw up thrugh cracks in the bttm f the lake. This is nrmal in a crater lake. In mst crater lakes, these gases are released ften because the water “turns ver” regularly. That is, the water frm the bttm f the lake rises and mixes with the water at the tp, allwing the gases t escape slwly.
Hwever, in Lakes Nys and Mnun, there is n regular turning ver. N ne knws the reasn fr this fact, but as a result, these lakes have mre gases tapped at the bttm than ther crater lakes. In fact, scientists wh have studied Lakes Nys and Mnun have fund 16,000 times mre gases. When a strng wind, cl weather, a strm, r a landslide (滑坡) causes the water t turn ver suddenly, the gases escape in a vilent explsin.
In the past, n ne knew when the gases might explde, s there was n way fr the villagers t escape disaster. Nw scientists frm the United States, France, and Camern have fund a way t reduce the gas pressure at the bttm f Lake Nys. They std a 672-ft plastic pipe in the middle f the lake, with ne end f the pipe near the bttm and the ther end in the air. Near the tp f the pipe, the team put several hles that culd be pened r clsed by a cmputer. Nw, when the gas pressure gets t high, the hles are pened and sme f the gas-filled water shts up thrugh the pipe int the air like a funtain. With less pressure, a disastrus explsin is much less likely. Hwever, the scientists are nt sure that ne pipe will be enugh t prevent explsins. They hpe t put in thers sn and they plan t install a similar pipe and a cmputer system at Lake Mnun as well.
T prtect peple nearby until all f the pipes are in place, the scientists have installed early warning systems at bth lakes. If the gas pressure rises t a dangerus level, cmputers will set ff lud sirens (警报) and bright lights t warn the peple in the villages. That way, they will have time t escape frm the dangerus gases.
1．What will happen when Lake Nys and Lake Mnun explde?
A．Water will flw dwn the hills.B．Pisnus gases will be released suddenly.
C．A strng wind will rise frm the lakes.D．The vlcanes will cme t life.
2．Which f the fllwing statements abut Lake Nys and Lake Mnun is true?
A．They were frmed in 1984.B．They are at the tp f tw active vlcanes.
C．They are nt like mst ther crater lakes.D．Water in them turns ver regularly.
3．Lake Nys and Lake Mnun explde because ________.
A．the gases rise t the tp and mix with air
B．peple frm the villages turn ver the water
C．scientists have put in a cmputer system
D．they have mre gases trapped at the bttm than ther crater lakes
4．A team f scientists has ________.
A．erected a pressure-releasing pipe in the lakeB．identified the gases at the bttm f the lake
C．built a beautiful funtain near the lakesD．remved all dangerus gases frm the lakes
5．What d we learn frm the last paragraph?
A．Scientists are planning t install pipes in all crater lakesB．Scientists still d nt knw hw t prevent gas explsins
C．Explsin disasters culd be avided in the futureD．Warming systems have been set up in the villages nearby.
【答案】
1-5．BCAAC
【分析】
本文主要介绍了来自地球中心的有毒气体通过尼奥斯湖和莫嫩湖这两个火山口湖慢慢地逸出，更多的气体在遇到强风、寒冷天气、暴风雨或滑坡导致水突然翻转时，会在猛烈的爆炸中逸出。为了保护周边的居民，科学家已经在两个湖泊安装了早期预警系统，如果有危险会发出警报让村民及时逃离。
1．细节理解题。根据“In 1984, pisnus gases explded ut f Lake Mnun and came dwn int the nearby villages”可知，火山爆发时有毒气体会突然逸出，故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据“In mst crater lakes, these gases are released ften because the water ‘turns ver’ regularly”及“Hwever, in Lakes Nys and Mnun, there is n regular turning ver”可知，在大多数火山口湖中，这些气体经常被释放出来，因为水有规律地“翻转”，而在尼奥斯湖和莫农湖，没有定期的轮换，所以它们并不像大部分火山口湖，C表述正确，故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据“That is, the water frm the bttm f the lake rises and mixes with the water at the tp, allwing the gases t escape slwly.”及全文的内容可知，是因为这些气体上升到顶部并与空气混合，故选A。
4．细节理解题。根据“Nw scientists frm the United States, France, and Camern have fund a way t reduce the gas pressure at the bttm f Lake Nys. They std a 672-ft plastic pipe in the middle f the lake, with ne end f the pipe near the bttm and the ther end in the air”可知，科学家已经在湖里竖了一根减压管，故选A。
5．推理判断题。根据“If the gas pressure rises t a dangerus level, cmputers will set ff lud sirens (警报) and bright lights t warn the peple in the villages. That way, they will have time t escape frm the dangerus gases.”可知，科学家们已经在两个湖泊安装了早期预警系统，如果有危险会发出警报让村民及时逃离，那么这个就能避免爆炸灾害，故选C。
B
Tsunami (海啸): Killer Wave
The warnings are few. The signs are sudden. The grund shakes. The tide ges int reverse. A great raring sund fills the air. And then… It strikes. Wave after wave f crashing, crushing water. And when it is ver, nthing is left. A tsunami.
The wrd in Japanese means "harbr wave". Japan has been hit by many tsunamis in its histry, as a result f its lcatin. It lies acrss the edges f 4 tectnic plates (地壳板块). Mst earthquakes are brn in such places. When tw tectnic plates push tgether, the earthquake sends enrmus amunts f energy up thrugh the cean. A series f waves expands in all directins. In deep water, these waves travel fast – up t 500 miles an hur - but reach a height f nly a few feet. A passing ship may nt even ntice them. But as the waves enter shallw waters and cme int cntact with the cean flr, their speed is reduced but their height is raised. As they mve nt land, the waves can rise as high as a 10-stry building.
A tsunami wave desn't break like an rdinary wave. Instead, it advances like a wall f water, crashing ver everything in its way, smetimes reaching mre than a kilmeter inland. Mre damage is caused when the wave mves back ut t sea. It drags everything in its path underwater and ut t sea. Mst tsunamis have several waves. They arrive between 10 and 60 minutes after the first strike – just when survivrs think the danger has passed.
The deadliest tsunami ever recrded ccurred in December f 2004. An earthquake ff the cast f Indnesia caused a tsunami that rushed acrss the Indian Ocean and reached as far as the cast f Africa. Whle sectins f cities were destryed. Mre than 200,000 peple died.
Mst had n way f being warned. Five thusand miles away in Hawaii, scientists at the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center mnitr the earth's mvements 24 hurs a day. They hpe t prevent a similar disaster frm happening in the Pacific regin. If they discver a quake big enugh t cause a tsunami, the scientists try t find ut where the wave will head and warn peple in its path. Their advice-is simple: leave the castal areas and mve t higher grund. Wait fr news that the danger has passed. And be ready t deal with the damage that a tsunami leaves behind.
6．What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A．What is a tsunami like?B．What is a tsunami?
C．Where des a tsunami cme frm?D．Hw strng is a tsunami?
7．Why has Japan been hit by many tsunamis in its histry?
A．Because f its lcatin f 4 tectnic plates.
B．Because f mst earthquakes.
C．Because a series f waves expands in all directins.
D．Because it lies acrss the edges f 4 tectnic plates.
8．What des the underlined wrd "them" refer t in Paragraph 2?
A．Tsunamis.B．Waves in deep water.
C．Waves in shallw water.D．Ocean flrs.
9．Which f the descriptin f tsunami is prper accrding t the passage?
A．The deadliest tsunami ever recrded/caused 200,000 peple t die. -
B．An rdinary wave advances like a wall f water, crashing ver everything in its way.
C．Mst tsunamis can be warned nw because scientists mnitr the earth's mvements 24 hurs a day.
D．When a tsunami wave mves back ut t sea, mre damage happens.
10．Where is this article prbably frm?
A．A newspaper.B．A nature magazine.
C．A strybk.D．A science research.
【答案】
6-10．ADBDB
【分析】
主要介绍日本多海啸的原因、海啸带来的灾难性后果。文章提到了2004年的印尼大海啸，描述其造成的后果以及死亡人数。最后介绍了海啸的难以预测以及科学家们为了预测海啸做了哪些努力，也对人们提出简单的建议，发生海啸的时候往高处逃生，等待新闻说明海啸已过，也做好准备处理海啸后的灾情。
6．段落大意题。根据文中第一段的描述“The warnings are few….And when it is ver, nthing is left. A tsunami.”可知，本段描写的是海啸的情景，也就是海啸是什么样的，故选A。
7．细节理解题。根据文中“Japan has been hit… as a result f its lcatin. It lies acrss the edges f 4 tectnic plates (地壳板块).”可知，日本多次被海啸袭击的原因是因为它处于四个地壳板块的边缘上。故选D。
8．词义猜测题。根据文中“A series f waves expands in all directins. In deep water, these waves travel fast – up t 500 miles an hur - but reach a height f nly a few feet. A passing ship may nt even ntice them.”可知，them指的是“这些在深水传播速度很快，高度却只有几英尺的波浪”，故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据文中“Mre damage is caused when the wave mves back ut t sea.”可知，当海浪返回大海时，会造成更大的损害。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据整个文章的理解可知，文章主要是介绍海啸是什么，日本多海啸的原因，海啸最具灾难性的时候以及原因，以及科学家为预警人们海啸做的努力和发生海啸的应对建议，所以这样的文章应该是在自然类杂志上的一篇科普文章。故选B。
C
Nvember 5 is Wrld Tsunami(海啸) Awareness Day. Tsunami is a Japanese wrd fr a lng, destructive(摧毁性的) cean wave caused by an undersea earthquake. The gal f the anniversary is t learn frm disasters(灾害) f the past and t prepare fr the future. Tw tsunamis in the last 15 years have changed the way peple arund the wrld think abut these destructive events.
On December26, 2004, a magnitude (震级) 9 earthquake near the cast f Indnesia caused tsunami waves that struck the casts f fur cuntries. An estimated(估计的) 230,000 peple died and csts were in the billins f dllars. Then, n March 11, 2011, a magnitude 9 earthquake struck nrtheastern Japan. It was the mst pwerful earthquake ever recrded in that cuntry. Mre than18,000 peple died. The tsunami als caused serius damage t the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear pwer center n the island f Hnshu. Several nuclear reactrs(核 反应堆) were severely(严重地) damaged and leaked(泄漏) radiatin(辐射).
The tw events caused peple in the Pacific and Indian Ocean areas t study and imprve preparedness fr disasters. This led t the SendaiFramewrkfr DisasterRiskReductinin 2015 in Sendai, Japan. The agreement was a UN effrt t raise awareness(提高意识) abut disaster risks and t urge(催促) cuntries t assess(评估)hw well they were prepared fr them.
Willem Rampangilei is head f the Disaster Management Agency in Indnesia. He said Indnesia passed a law n disaster management after the 2004 tsunami. It led in 2008 t the creatin f his agency. “Our respnsibilities include reductin and preparedness, emergency respnse, as well as pst-disaster recvery and recnstructin(重新建设),” he said. He added that 150 millin Indnesians were at risk frm earthquakes, 60 millin frm flds and fur millin frm tsunamis.
Preparedness has spread beynd Asia. There are nw early warning systems in place fr the Caribbean Sea, the Nrtheast Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and surrunding(周围的) areas.
11．What des the underlined wrd mean in the passage?
A．Knwledge.B．Preparatin.
C．Day f remembrance.D．Change.
12．What d we learn frm the secnd paragraph?
A．Natural disasters are t pwerful fr peple t survive.
B．Earthquakes and tsunamis ften take place n islands.
C．Nuclear reactrs can be safe even if damaged in an earthquake.
D．Natural disasters can cause great lsses t humans.
13．One f the aims f the Sendai Framewrk fr Disaster Risk Reductin is .
A．t reduce the damage caused by disasters.
B．t make peple knw mre abut disaster risks.
C．t help peple get away frm disasters.
D．t help with the recnstructin after the disaster.
【答案】
11-13．CDB
【分析】
这篇短文主要讲述了海啸的相关知识，并指出气象局可以检测海啸发生，并给人李伟语境。
11．词句猜测。根据下文“t learn frm disasters(灾害) f the past and t prepare fr the future.”可知，纪念日的目的是向过去的灾难学习，为将来做准备。可知上文中anniversary的意思是“纪念日”。Knwledge.知识；Preparatin. 准备；Day f remembrance纪念日；Change改变。
根据题意，故选C。
12．段落大意。根据文中“On December26, 2004, a magnitude (震级) 9 earthquake near the cast f Indnesia caused tsunami waves that struck the casts f fur cuntries.” 2004年12月26日，印度尼西亚海岸附近发生里氏9级地震，引发海啸，袭击了4个国家的海岸。及“Then, n March 11, 2011, a magnitude 9 earthquake struck nrtheastern Japan. It was the mst pwerful earthquake ever recrded in that cuntry.” 随后，2011年3月11日，日本东北部发生里氏9级地震。这是那个国家有史以来最强烈的地震。可知本段主要讲述了自然灾害会给人类造成巨大损失。故选D。
13．细节理解。根据文中“This led t the SendaiFramewrkfr DisasterRiskReductinin 2015 in Sendai, Japan. The agreement was a UN effrt t raise awareness(提高意识) abut disaster risks and t urge(催促) cuntries t assess(评估)hw well they were prepared fr them.”可知，仙台减少灾害风险框架的目标之一是使人们更多地了解灾害风险。故选B。
【点睛】
点睛：我们在做阅读理解题时，就要明确初中阅读理解考查的主要内容,在此基础上,快速阅读全文,了解文章大意;在了解文章的基础上,抓住首尾句;认真仔细、逐步答题;平心静气,不急躁,仔细检查,减少误差。严格说来,阅读理解主要要求是：1.掌握阅读主旨大意，用以说明主旨大意的事实和细节：2.既理解具体事实,也理解抽象的概念；3.既理解字面意思,也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度以及意图等。如第1小题，考查词句猜测。根据下文“t learn frm disasters(灾害) f the past and t prepare fr the future.”可知，纪念日的目的是向过去的灾难学习，为将来做准备。可知上文中anniversary的意思是“纪念日”。Knwledge.知识；Preparatin. 准备；Day f remembrance纪念日；Change改变。根据题意，故选C。

D
The shck f the earthquake in Pakistan has brught anther shck: the rise f a mysterius island, cming ut frm the water.
In the aftershck f the earthquake, peple living in Grabian Sea and saw a muntain-like shape cming ut f the water. “It lked like a huge whale,” Bahram Balch, a lcal reprter, tld the BBC．“Lts f peple gathered t watch it. ”
S what happened? The frce f the earthquake was s strng that it mved the sea flr, releasing gas(释放气体). This gas pushed the seabed, mstly rck and sand, ut f the water. This was hw the mud vlcan (泥火山) was frmed. The island which is abut 20 meters high, 30 meters lng and 90 meters wide is actually the tp f the mud vlcan.
Is it safe? Althugh peple have visited this new island, scientists have fund dangerus gas cming frm the newly frmed island. “It will catch fire, when a match was lit,” said Mhammad Danish, a scientist, t Universe Tday.
The mud vlcan is strange because mud vlcanes seldm appeared in an area where peple ften live, and nt far ut in the sea. It is a special ne. Hwever, it’s nt expected t last very lng. Mst f these mud vlcanes are swept back under the sea within ne year.
14．What des the island lk like ?
A．A dgB．A catC．A whaleD．A dlphin
15．Which f the fllwing can be filled in the bx t shw hw mud vlcanes are frmed?
A．The sea flr was mved.
B．Rck and sand were mixed.
C．The strm blew up the sea.
D．A huge muntain appeared.
16．Accrding t Mhammad Danish, _______.
A．it is safe t visit mud vlcanes
B．it is a bad time t d research
C．sme places n the island were n fire
D．gas frm the newly frmed island was dangerus.
【答案】
14-16．CAD
【分析】
文章大意：巴基斯坦西南部地区在发生7. 7级地震后，在瓜德达港附近海域冒出一座小岛，引起当地居民围观。地震专家普遍猜测，这座小岛很可能是海底泥火山喷发造成的，应该过一段时间就会在海浪的冲击下消失。
14．细节理解题。根据“It lked like a huge whale,” Bahram Balch, a lcal reprter, tld the BBC. 当地记者巴赫拉姆·巴洛赫对BBC说：“它看起来像一头巨大的鲸鱼。”可知，故选C。
15．细节理解题。根据This gas pushed the seabed, mstly rck and sand, ut f the water. 气体推动海床（大多数是岩石和沙子）露出水面。可知第一步是地震发生；第二步是气体释放；第三步是推升海床；第四步是露出海面。故选A。
16．细节理解题。根据科学家说的话“It will catch fire, when a match was lit,” said Mhammad Danish, a scientist, t Universe Tday.它（危险气体）会引起火灾当火柴点燃的时候。可知这个岛屿上的气体是危险的，故选D。

E
Natinal disasters arund the wrld are happening at an alarming rate in 2018. Every few weeks, we’re witnessing earthquakes that destry whle cities, wildfires that burn thusands f lands, and cyclnes that cause mass flding.
17．What caused the Indnesia Earthquake and Tsunami in September?
A．Shifting plates.B．Explsin f the vlcanes.
C．Changes f weather patterns.D．Undersea landslides.
18．Which natural disaster may cause the mst deaths?
A．Typhn Mangkhut.B．The Indnesia Earthquake and Tsunami.
C．Hurricane Flrence.D．Fall 2018 Califrnia Fires.
19．What des the underlined wrd “inmate “ mean?
A．Patients.B．Plicemen.C．Prisners.D．Dctrs.
20．Which f the fllwing statements is TRUE?
A．The hill fire is the wrst amng the three separate wildfires in Califrnia.
B．Typhn Mangkhut caused damage t Nrth Carlina and Marshall.
C．A week after Hurricane Flrence, majr highways became nrmal.
D．Natural disasters tk place frequently in 2018.
21．Where can we pssibly read the passage?
A．Travel guide.B．Science fictin.C．Magazine.D．Advertisement.
【答案】
17-21．ABCDC
【分析】
2018年全球灾难以竟然的速度在发生，每几周我们就会见证地震摧毁城市、野火烧毁陆地和飓风引起洪水。本文以表格的方式介绍了特大的自然灾害。
17．细节理解题。根据Shifting plates caused the 7.5 magnitude earthquake, and the quake set ff the tsunami, which scientist culdn’t predict.可知板块移动导致了7.5级地震，地震引发了海啸。故选A。
18．细节理解题。根据表格可知印尼海啸引起430起死亡；加利福尼亚大火引起91起死亡；印尼地震和海啸引起844起死亡；飓风引起42起死亡；台风山竹引起69起死亡。因此印尼海啸和地震引起的死亡人数最多。故选B。
19．词义猜测题。根据…frm five prisns escaped after the natural disaster, and plicemen are asking them return within the week.可知这些人是从监狱跑出来的，警察要求他们一周之内回去，因此可推断他们应该是罪犯。故选C。
20．细节理解题。根据The wrst f the three, the Camp fire, cmpletely destryed the twn f Paradise.可知三种大火里面the Camp fire是最严重的，A选项错误；根据The typhn caused massive flding and pwer lss thrughut Guam and Marshall.可知山竹主要地区是Guam和Marshall，B选项错误；根据A week after the hurricane, majr highways remained flded and clsed.可知飓风过后的一周，主要高速公路仍然保持淹没并关闭，C选项错误；根据Natinal disasters arund the wrld are happening at an alarming rate in 2018.可知2018年全球灾难以竟然的速度在发生。D选项正确。故选D。
21．推理判断题。本文介绍了2018年一些严重的自然灾害，因此不可能出现在旅游杂志、科幻小说或者广告中。故选C。
【点睛】
推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。它包含推理和判断。推理是为了做出正确的判断，正确的判断又依附于合乎逻辑的推理。该题要求在理解表面文字的基础上做出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意思和深层意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息，上下逻辑关系及食物的发展等一直信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。例如第5小题，题目问这篇文章会出现在什么上面。此题根据文章的结构，以及内容可以推断出，不可能出现在旅游杂志、科幻小说或者广告中。从而得出答案。
F
Tsunami(海啸)is a natural disaster，which is a Japanese wrd that means “sea wave”．A tsunami is a huge sea wave that frms mainly in the Pacific Ocean area. Peple die and prperty is destryed when a tsunami hits land. What causes these dangerus sea waves？Smetimes，tsunamis are caused when earthquakes take place underwater. Then，water begins t mve up and dwn frm the tp f the cean right dwn t the bttm. Waves begin t frm，and each wave is called a tsunami.
A tsunami is less than ne meter high and can mve at a speed f almst 800 kilmeters per hur while it is far ut in the cean. But the tsunami rises higher and higher and mves mre slwly as it cmes clser t land.
The weather bureau(气象局)warns peple ver the radi and televisin when a tsunami is heading fr land. These warnings have helped save many lives.
22．The Japanese wrd “tsunami” means ______.
A．earthquake B．sea wave C．cean water D．trnad
23．Accrding t the passage，a tsunami can be caused by ______.
A．an underwater earthquake
B．heavy rains
C．waves hitting land
D．trnad
24．As the tsunami mves tward land，it______.
A．picks up mre speed
B．becmes far less dangerus
C．rises higher and higher
D．rises lwer and lwer
25．Accrding t this passage，______.
A．a tsunami can’t cause lts f truble
B．peple can save their lives when a tsunami is cming
C．the warning frm the weather bureau can help peple save their lives
D．n ne can escape when a tsunami is cming
【答案】
22-25．BACC
【解析】本文介绍了海啸的意思，以及起因和表现。当海啸来临时，气象局的警报能帮助挽救很多人的生命。
22．B
细节理解题。根据Tsunami(海啸)is a natural disaster，which is a Japanese wrd that means “sea wave”．可知在日语中“tsunami”的意思是海浪，故选B。
23．A
细节理解题。根据Smetimes，tsunamis are caused when earthquakes take place underwater.可知海啸是由水下的地震导致的，故选A。
24．C
细节理解题。根据But the tsunami rises higher and higher and mves mre slwly as it cmes clser t land.可知当海啸越靠近陆地时，它上升的越来来越高，故选C。
25．C
细节理解题。根据The weather bureau(气象局)warns peple ver the radi and televisin when a tsunami is heading fr land. These warnings have helped save many lives.可知气象局的警报能帮助挽救很多人的生命。故选C。
点睛：根据题干要求，在文中寻找答案所在的语句或段落，进行分析理解，词义猜测，概括归纳和推理判断，选出正确的选项。例如小题3，根据But the tsunami rises higher and higher and mves mre slwly as it cmes clser t land.可知当海啸越靠近陆地时，它上升的越来来越高，故选C。
G
Fr hundreds f years, Japan has been hit, frm time t time, by enrmus (巨大的) tsunamis（海啸）. These awful sudden risings f the sea are caused by earthquakes r underwater vlcanic actins. The stry f the by Yuuki is the stry f such a disaster.
Yuuki lived with his family in a seaside village, belw a small muntain. One day, as he played n tp f the muntain, Yuuki felt a small earthquake but it was nt strng enugh t frighten anybdy and passed quickly. Sn after, hwever, Yuuki nticed the sea darken and begin running away frm the shre very fast, leaving behind wide stretches f beach that had never been seen befre.
With a grasp, Yuuki remembered reading that just befre a terrible tsunami, the sea suddenly and quickly rlls backward. He ran t the beach, warning the villagers wh had gathered t admire the new beach land.
“Get back!” shuted the by, “There is a terrible danger!”
But n ne listened. They laughed at him and cntinued playing in the new sand and watched the sea rll backward even mre.
Desperate, Yuuki culd think f nly ne thing t d. He lit a tree branch, raced t the rice fields and began burning the harvested rice. Then he called ut, “Fire! Fire! Everyne run t the muntain! Nw!”
When everyne reached the muntain-tp, a villager cried ut, “Yuuki is mad! I saw him set the fire.” Yuuki hung his head in shame, but said nthing as the villagers cursed him. Just then, smene shuted, “Lk!”
In the distance what seemed t be a huge dark line was speeding twards the shre. As it gt nearer the peple realized the lng thin line f darkness was the returning sea, twering like a muntain.
The villagers watched in terrr as the water struck the shre, smashing ver their hmes then tearing ut the land as it receded.
On the muntain everyne stared speechlessly at the destructin belw.
“I'm srry I burned the fields,” said Yuuki, his vice trembling.
“Yuuki,” village-chief answered. “Yu saved us all.”
The villagers cheered and raised Yuuki int the air. “We were ging t
celebrate ur rice harvest tnight,” said ne, “but nw we’ll celebrate that we’re all still alive!”
26．Where was Yuuki when the earthquake struck?
A．On the beach.
B．On the muntain.
C．In the rice fields.
D．At his family hme.
27．In what rder did the fllwing events take place?
a. Yuuki set fire t the rice fields.
b. The villagers laughed and played n the beach.
c. The land was trn away by the water.
d. Yuuki ran t warn the villagers.
e. The villagers stared at the destructin.
f. The peple were cursing Yuuki.
A．d, b, e, a, c, f
B．b, a, d, e, c, f
C．d, b, a, f, c, e
D．a, d, b, e, f, c
28．Hw did Yuuki save the villagers frm the disaster?
A．He tld them abut the earthquake.
B．He explained why the sea was flwing ut.
C．He tld the village chief t warn the peple.
D．He set fire t the rice field.
29．What were the peple planning t d befre the tsunami struck their village?
A．Harvest the rice crp.
B．Play n the beach.
C．Climb the muntain.
D．Celebrate the rice harvest.
【答案】
26-29．BCDD
【分析】
试题分析：这篇短文主要讲述一个叫Yuuki的日本男孩如何在海啸来临之前拯救村民的故事。文章介绍，Yuuki在山上玩耍时觉察到了细微的地震，并注意到大海的昏暗，他赶紧警告海滨的村民撤离，但是没有人相信他。无奈之下，Yuuki放火焚烧了收割的稻谷以逼迫村民跑上山顶。就这样，在海啸来临之前，Yuuki拯救了村民。
26．细节理解题。根据短文One day, as he played n tp f the muntain, Yuuki felt a small earthquake的描述可知，发生地震的时候，Yuuki在山上玩耍。故选B。
27．细节理解题。从文章故事情节发展可知，Yuuki从山上跑来警告在海边玩耍说笑的村民，村民不信，Yuuki于是放火焚烧稻谷，后被村民抓住，海啸到来，驻地被水淹没，村民注视着这毁灭性的灾害。故选C。
28．细节理解题。根据He lit a tree branch, raced t the rice fields and began burning the harvested rice的描述可知，Yuuki焚烧稻田逼迫村民山上才拯救了村民。故选D。
29．细节理解题。根据短文“We were ging t celebrate ur rice harvest tnight,” said ne, “but nw we’ll celebrate that we’re all still alive!”的描述可知，村民原本准备庆祝水稻丰收。故选D。
考点：故事类短文阅读。
H
D yu still remember the disaster(灾难)several years ag? In Indnesia (印度尼西亚) thusands f peple were killed by the tsunami(海啸) that washed peple ut t sea and pulled children ut f their parents’ arms. “The weather was fine with n cluds .There was n warning and suddenly the sea water just hit the city. In sme parts the water was as high as tw meters.” a man in the city said. “Sadli, an fficial at the hspital, said many f the dead in the city were children under the age f ten.” “Maybe the children were being carried by their hld but they fell ver in the water and culdn’t hld n t their children .All the dead children drawed.” said Sadli. Officials said hundreds f huses had been swept away the frce (力量) f five –meter –high waves acrss Aceh, which lies n the nrthern tip (末端)f Sumatra Island . “Tens f peple saw the rushing water and didn’t run t high grund .Instead, they kept watching it .Several f my wrkmates are missing.” Lelana said by telephne.
30．Accrding t the passage, ______were missing in the tsunami.
A．sme fficials
B．sme f Sadli’s friends
C．sme children under the age f ten
D．sme f Lelana’s wrkmates
31．In the tsunami, ____ _swept away hundreds f huses.
A．huge wavesB．strng winds
C．heavy rainD．rushing river water
32．“…. There was n warning and suddenly the sea water was as high as tw meters.”“Warning”here means ________.
A．预兆B．借鉴C．教导D．教训
33．“…but they fell ver in the water and culdn’t hld n t their children.”
“They” here refers t ______.
A．fficials B childrenB．the dead
C．the children’s parents
34．Sme peple saw the rushing water and didn’t run t high grunds because _____.
A．they culdn’t run fast
B．the grund was t high t reach
C．they didn’t knw they were in danger
D．the rushing water stpped them frm running.
【答案】
30-34．CAADC
【分析】
30．细节理解题，由文中句子“many f the dead in the city were children under the age f ten.””可知。
31．细节理解题，由文句“hundreds f huses had been swept away the frce (力量) f five –meter –high waves acrss Aceh,”可知。
32．词义理解题，由文中语句推断可知。
33．细节理解题，由文中语句““Maybe the children were being carried by their hld but they fell ver in the water and culdn’t hld n t their children .”可知。
34．理解推断题，由句子“Tens f peple saw the rushing water and didn’t run t high grund .Instead, they kept watching it可知。
二、多任务混合阅读
Natural disasters are a part f life, and there is n way t (A) prevent them happening Hwever, the harmful cffcets f natural disasters can ften be reduced.
First, avid places where natural disasters ften take place Fr example, the 2011 earthquake and tsunami (海啸) in nrthern Japan happened in exactly the same place as ther (B) serius disasters in the past Because f past disasters, sme twns were mved away frm the area, and warnings were psted everywhere, reminding peple that if there was an earthquake, a tsunami wuld certainly Hwever. (C) 许多人没注意这些警告. Many twns were rebuilt in the same places as (D) ________, s they were destryed again in the 2011 earthquake.
(E) ________, build strnger huses and buildings because smetimes we d nt knw an area is a disaster zne (地区) until a disaster hits. Often, the disaster itself des nt kill peple Peple are ften killed because they are living r wrking in badly—made buildings.
Finally, we need better warning systems. S peple can leave disaster area befre a disaster hits.
(F) If we fllw these rules, many lives can be saved.
35．写出画线部分 (A) 和 (B) 的同义词或近义词；
36．将画线部分（C）译成英语：________
37．在 (D) 和 (E) 的空白处分别填入一个适当的单词；
38．将画线部分 (F) 改写为
If these rules _________ many lives can be saved.
39．从文中找出两种自然灾害：________.
【答案】
35．stp; bad/terrible/awful
36．Many peple didn’t/did nt give/pay attentin t the warnings.
37．befre; Secnd/Next/Then
38．are fllwed
39．earthquake; tsunami
【分析】
本文主要介绍了如何应对自然灾害的一些防范措施。
35．prevent阻止，动词，其同义词为stp，意为“阻止”，动词，stp sb. ding sth. 阻止某人做某事；serius严重的，形容词，此处用来形容自然灾害的程度；其近义词为bad/terrible/awful。故填stp；bad/terrible/awful。
36．许多人：many peple；注意：give /pay attentin t，固定短语；这些警告：the warnings，此处特指用定冠词the，因为是“这些警告”故用复数形式warnings；“没注意”说明句子是一个否定句，根据本段时态为一般过去时，因此变否定时需要使用助动词didn’t (did nt的缩写形式)，助动词之后跟动词原形。故填Many peple didn’t/did nt give/pay attentin t the warnings.
37．根据“Many twns were rebuilt in the same places as…”可知，许多城镇在相同的地方像以前一样被重建。此处使用as befre，表示“像以前一样”；（E）位于句首，根据第二段句首“First首先”以及第四段句首“Finally最后”可知，第二段句首是“Secnd第二/ Next下一步/Then然后”符合文章分段结构；句首首字母大写。故填befre；Secnd//Next/Then。
38．句意：如果我们遵循这些规则，许多生命可以被拯救。分析画线部分的句子可知，原句时态为一般现在时，改写的句子表达的是“如果这些规则被遵守”，因此使用一般现在时的被动语态，即be+动词过去分词；主语these rules是复数，be动词用are，fllw的过去分词是fllwed。故填are fllwed。
39．根据文章第二段第四行“…reminding peple that if there was an earthquake, a tsunami wuld certainly Hwever.”可知，提醒人们，如果发生地震，海啸肯定会随之而来。 由此可知，两个自然灾害的具体名称为earthquake地震；tsunami海啸。故填earthquake；tsunami。
三、语法填空
Paricutin is a new vlcan（火山）. It is active tday. One day 40． 1943, a farmer was in his fields. He was 41． (surprised) t see steam cming frm the grund. 42． (sudden), the land pened and lava（熔岩）started t cme ut. The farmer 43． (hurry) back t his village t tell everyne. The villagers 44． (be) very frightened. After a few 45． (hur), there was already a small muntain f lava. Next mrning, it was ver 15 meters high. Abut 500 peple lived in the twn f San Juan near there. They decided t leave, s they mved 46． anther twn. They were very lucky 47． the lava cvered（覆盖） San Juan tw weeks later. Paricutin 48． (stp) prducing lava after nine years, when it was 425 meters high. Tday, the church twer is 49． nly thing yu can see in San Juan.
【答案】
40．in41．surprised42．Suddenly43．hurried44．were
45．hurs46．t47．because48．stpped49．the
【分析】
文章主要介绍了帕里库廷火山是一座新火山。它是1943的一天爆发的，并介绍了当时的一些情况。
40．句意：1943年的一天，一个农民在田里干活。空格后是“1943”，年份前用介词in，故填in。
41．句意：他惊讶地看到蒸气从地上冒出来。空格放在was后面作表语，应用形容词，且修饰的是主语He，应用ed形容词，surprised“感到惊讶的”，是形容词，故填surprised。
42．句意：突然，大地裂开了，熔岩开始冒出来。空格修饰的是整个句子，应用副词，sudden“突然的”，是形容词，其副词是suddenly，位于句首首字母要大写，故填Suddenly。
43．句意：农夫急忙回村里告诉大家。文章描述过去的事情，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填hurried。
44．句意：村民们非常害怕。主语是复数名词，be动词应用复数形式，描述过去的事情用一般过去时，所以be动词应用were，故填were。
45．句意：几个小时后，已经有一座小熔岩山了。空格前有a few修饰，名词应用复数形式，故填hurs。
46．句意：他们决定离开，所以他们搬到了另一个城镇。mve t“搬到……”，是一个固定短语，t是介词，故填t。
47．句意：他们非常幸运，因为两周后熔岩覆盖了圣胡安。空后表原因，因此用because引导原因状语从句，故填because。
48．句意：帕里库廷火山在9年后停止喷发熔岩，当时岩浆高达425米。描述过去的事情用一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填stpped。
49．句意：今天，教堂塔是你在圣胡安唯一能看到的东西。根据“nly thing”可知，此处表达的是“唯一的东西”，英语表达为the nly thing，故填the。
四、短文选词填空
A
When an earthquake happens, part f the Earth's surface mves. In fact, the surface f the Earth mves all the time. The tectnic plates(地壳板块) which make up the surface press against each ther very 50．. Over thusands f years, this mvement creates great 51．. In sme places where the layers(表层) f rck are weak, this finally causes a 52． mvement -an earthquake. Thusands f earthquakes happen every day, 53． mst are very small and cause n damage. A large earthquake shakes 54． t the grund, r causes a tsunami(海啸) wave. The results are usually very 55． .
It's cmmn fr peple in suthern Eurpe 56． big earthquakes, and n Nvember1st, 1755, a pwerful earthquake 57． the city f Lisbn in Prtugal. Between 60,000 and 100,000 peple lst 58． lives. After the earthquake a tsunami struck the city, and there was 59． a fire, which caused nearly ttal destructin(毁灭). Peple as far away as Finland 60． the shck, and the tsunami reached Barbads in the West Indies.
【答案】
50．slwly51．stress52．sudden53．but54．buildings
55．serius56．t experience57．hit58．their59．als60．felt
【分析】
本文主要介绍了地震是如何发生的以及其危害。
50．句意：组成地球表面的地壳板块互相挤压非常缓慢。根据“ In fact, the surface f the Earth mves all the time.”可知，地震时，地球表面移动明显，事实上，地球表面一直在移动，只是移动缓慢而已，选择slw，此处用副词修饰动词。故填slwly。
51．句意：几千年来，这种运动产生了巨大的压力。空处应填名词作宾语，根据物理和地理常识可知，挤压会产生压力，选择stress，不可数名词。故填stress。
52．句意：在某些地方岩石层不牢固，这最终导致突然的运动——地震。空处需填形容词作定语修饰名词mvement，根据“an earthquake”结合备选词可知，sudden符合语境，此处指突然的运动。故填sudden。
53．句意：每天都有成千上万的地震发生，但是大多数都很小，不会造成破坏。空前空后句子之间是转折关系，用连词but“但是”连接。故填but。
54．句意：大地震可以将建筑震倒，或可以引起海啸。空处应填名词作宾语，根据“A large earthquake shakes the grund”结合选项可知，选择building，指将建筑物震倒，泛指所有建筑物，用复数形式。故填buildings。
55．句意：结果通常是非常严重的。空处应填形容词作表语，根据上文“A large earthquake shakes ... t the grund, r causes a tsunami(海啸) wave. ”可知，结果很严重，serius符合语境。故填serius。
56．句意：对南欧人来说，经历大地震是很常见的。“It's adj. fr sb. t d sth.’”表示“对某人来说，做某事是怎样的”，空处用动词不定式作真正的主语，根据“peple in suthern earthquakes”结合选项，experience“经历”符合语境，指经历大地震，故填t experience。
57．句意：1755年11月1日，葡萄牙里斯本市发生强烈地震。空处缺少谓语动词，根据“a pwerful earthquake city f Lisbn in Prtugal.”可知，此处指强烈的地震袭击了葡萄牙里斯本市，选择hit“袭击”，由时间状语Nvember1st, 1755可知，此处用其过去式。故填hit。
58．句意：6万至10万人丧生。由“Between 60,000 and 100,000 peple ”可知，此处指“失去他们的生命”，形容词性物主代词their作定语。故填their。
59．句意：地震后，一场海啸袭击了这座城市，还有一场火灾，几乎造成了全部的破坏。此处应填副词，根据句意，此处表示“还有一场火灾”，用副词als，位于实义动词之前，be动词之后。故填als。
60．句意：远至芬兰的人们都感到了震动，海啸到达了西印度群岛的巴巴多斯岛。空处应填谓语动词，根据“the shck”结合语境可知，应是感到了震动，选择feel，因为讲的是过去的事情，应用过去式。故填felt。

B
Tsunamis (海啸) d nt happen very ften, but when they d, they are very dangerus. Fr yur61．, yu shuld knw if yu are in a tsunami area. If there is an earthquake, a tsunami culd fllw, s62．a radi r watch TV fr instructins. There may be as much as a tw-hur warning r nly minutes. Yu shuld get t higher grund and g as63．island as yu can.
Smetimes, peple at the shre see the water64．back unusually far. This is called “draw back” and it can happen befre a tsunami hits. Run in the ther directin, away frm the water.
【答案】
61-64．BECD
【分析】
本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述海啸很危险以及如何预防海啸带来的危险。
61．句意：为了你的安全，你应该知道你是否在一个海啸区域。
根据空前yur可知，空处用形容词。且根据they are very dangerus“他们非常危险”可知，表示“为了你的安全”。safety安全，故填B。
62．句意：如果有一个地震，海啸就会随之而来，所以收听收音机或者看电视获得指示。
根据空后r可知，空处与watch并列，用动词。且根据句意可知，表示“听收音机”。listen t a radi听收音机，故E。
63．句意：你应该到达更高的地面并且尽你最大的可能远离岛屿。
根据可知，空处用原级，再根据句意可知，避免海啸要远离岛屿。far远的，故选C。
64．句意：有时，在海岸的人们看到水退却地不同寻常地远。
根据“看到……正在……”可知，空处用ding，且根据句意可知，表示“水退得不同寻常地远”，pull back退回，拉回，故选D。Indnesia Tsunami(海啸）
Date
December 22, 2018
Cause
It’s believed that undersea landslides frm the Anak Krakatau vlcan caused a vilent tsunami which struck at night.
Damages
1,500 injured and an estimated 22,000 displaced
Deaths
430
Fall 2018 Califrnia Fires
Date
Nvember 8--Nvember 25
Cause
Thugh the cause f each is unknwn, three separate wildfires brke ut in early Nvember 2018: the Camp fire in Paradise; the Hill fire in the Santa Rsa Valley and the Wlsey Fire in Ls Angeles and Ventura cunties. The wrst f the three, the Camp fire, cmpletely destryed the twn f Paradise.
Damages
230,000+ acres (cmbined)
Deaths
91(cmbined)
The Indnesia Earthquake And Tsunami
Date
September 28, 2018
Cause
Shifting plates caused the 7.5 magnitude earthquake, and the quake set ff the tsunami, which scientist culdn’t predict.
Damages
Rughly 2.4 millin peple were affected by the pair f natural disasters. Mre than 1,000 inmates frm five prisns escaped after the natural disaster, and plicemen are asking them return within the week.
Deaths
844 and cunting
Hurricane Flrence
Date
started September 13
Cause
The hurricane was caused by naturally ccurring weather patterns.
Damages
Within 24hurs f landfall, the massive hurricane flded hmes and streets in
Nrth Carlina. Up t 40 inches f rain flded areas f the Carlinas. A week after the hurricane, majr highways remained flded and clsed.
Death
42
Super Typhn Mangkhut
Date
Started week f September 9, 2018
Cause
Natural ccurring weather patterns
Damages
The typhn caused massive flding and pwer lss thrughut Guam and Marshall. On September 16, the typhn made landfall in Guangdng, China, killing fur peple.
Deaths
69+
serius hit feel als experience stress sudden slw building their but
A．turn ff B．safety C．far D．pulling E. listen t