备战2022年中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练(全国通用) 热点31 森林火灾的危害及防范

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备战2022年中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练
热点31 森林火灾的危害及防范

一、阅读理解
1
At about 6 p.m. on Saturday, a forest fire broke out in a village in Mu Li, Liangshan. The local government acted quickly and 689 people were sent to put out the fire. Fire groups were fighting the fire on Sunday when a sudden change of wind direction caused “a huge fireball”. 27 firefighters and 3 locals lost their lives. Most of the firefighters were in their twenties and two of them were less than twenty, though several were older. Their death touched our hearts all over China. There is reason enough to regard them as heroes. President Xi Jinping, Premier Li Keqiang and many other leaders cared for the heroes and expressed condolence to the heroes’ families and friends.
We should remember all the heroes and their spirit, bravery showed in fighting the fire. As the old saying goes: a nation is lost without its memories. Forest fires are common in spring, rules to prevent fires have come out in Liangshan. Many experts believe there are some reasons for forest fires. The first reason is weather change. Warmer and drier weather leads to dangerous fire conditions. Next, lightning is another reason. Dry grass and trees easily catch fire. Finally, hot winds add to the possibility of forest fires. The wind spreads a fire quickly. However, 90% of forest fires are caused by humans, according to a report. Forest fires can burn at over 9000C and reach heights of more than 50 meters. Forest fires can move at speeds of up to 23 kilometers an hour, burning everything—trees, brush, homes, even people... Experts remind people to be careful during the holiday of Qingming, known as Tomb Sweeping Day. Millions of people travel to their homes during the holiday, so the risks of fires in mountains are high.
In order to keep the heart-broken lesson in mind, we should stop fires from happening again.
1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A. All the firefighters who lost their lives were in their twenties.
B. About 700 people were sent to put out the fire.
C. A sudden change of wind direction led to “a huge fireball”.
D. The death of the heroes touched our hearts around China.
2. All of the following can cause forest fires except _ in the passage.
A. weather change B. lightning and hot winds
C. human behavior D. tomb Sweeping Day
3. What does the underlined sentence mean in this passage?
A. We should remember the reasons for forest fires, including the conditions from nature and humans.
B. We should remember the heroes and their spirit, bravery showed in fighting the fire.
C. We should remember the number of the heroes that lost their lives in fighting the fire.
D. We should remember to be careful during the holiday of Qingming, known as Tomb Sweeping Day.
4. What is the character of forest fires from the passage?
A. Forest fires can burn at more than 9000C and reach heights of over 50 meters.
B. Forest fires can run at speeds of up to 23 kilometers an hour.
C. Forest fires can burn everything—trees, brush, homes, even people.
D. Both A, B and C. 5. You can probably find this passage .
A. in a news report B. in a fairy book
C. in a story-book D. in a novel
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. A
【解析】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述凉山森林大火中牺牲了27个消防员和当地居民，我们应该铭记英雄。并且讲述森林大火出现的原因以及森林大火的特征。最后告诉我们铭记教训，防止此类事故再次发生。
1. 细节理解题。根据The local government acted quickly and 689 people were sent to put out the fire可知，当地政府行动迅速并且派遣689个人去灭火，所以大约700个人，排除B；根据Fire groups were fighting the fire on Sunday when a sudden change of wind direction caused “a huge fireball”可知，风向的突然改变形成了大的火球，排除C；根据Their death touched our hearts all over China可知，英雄的牺牲触动了所有中国人的心，排除D；根据Most of the firefighters were in their twenties and two of them were less than twenty, though several were older可知，大部分是20多岁，而不是所有的都是二十多岁，故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据Many experts believe there are some reasons for forest fires. The first reason is weather change、Next, lightening is another reason、Finally, hot winds add to the possibility of forest fires以及However, 90% of forest fires are caused by humans, according to a report可知，造成森林火灾的原因包括天气改变、闪电、热风以及人类行为等，根据Experts remind people to be careful during the holiday of Qingming, known as Tomb Sweeping Day可知，科学家只是提醒人们清明节注意，而不是原因，故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据We should remember all the heroes and their spirit, bravery showed in fighting the fire. As the old saying goes: a nation is lost without its memories可知，一个没有记忆的民族是迷失的民族。所以我们应该记住所有的英雄以及他们在火灾中的勇气和勇敢的表现。故选B。
4. 细节理解题。根据Forest fires can burn at over 9000C and reach heights of more than 50 meters. Forest fires can move at speeds of up to 23 kilometers an hour, burning everything—trees, brush, homes, even people可知，森林火灾可以在超过900摄氏度的温度下燃烧，并达到50多米的高度。森林火灾的蔓延速度可达每小时23公里，烧毁所有树木、灌木丛、房屋，甚至人。故选D。
5. 推理判断题。A.新闻报道；B.童话书；C.故事书；D.小说。根据全文可知，主要讲述凉山森林大火以及牺牲人员，并且还向我们科普了火灾发生的原因以及森林大火的特点。所以可以在新闻报道上看到，故选A。
2
Today there are more fires than in the past. Over 100,000 wildfires burn each year in America. Russia has 20,000 to 35,000 wildfires every year. Australia has on average 60,000 each year. These fires destroy huge areas of forests and burn hundreds of homes.
Many experts believe _______. The first is climate change. Recent weather has been warmer and drier. This leads to dangerous fire conditions. When lightening strikes, dry grass easily catches fire. Hot winds add to the problem. The wind spreads a fire quickly. In 2010, Russia had the hottest and driest summer in a century. In just one month, 500 fires destroyed over 2,000 homes. Some people lost their lives.
Traditional fire-fighting practices are another reason for the increase in fires. In America, firefighters used to quickly put out every fire. They didn't allow the grass and trees to burn. As a result, today many forests have thicker vegetation(植被). Thicker vegetation means more fuel for fires. also, without fires from time to time, forests become overcrowded and unhealthy. Some trees are dead. The dead wood then easily catches fire. So surprisingly, America has many more fires today partly because of its past fire-fighting practices.
Scientists now understand that a fire can be a natural part of healthy forest. As a result, countries like Australia allow more fires to burn naturally. Sometimes, fire fighters even start fires to get rid of dead wood. Of course, they carefully control the fires. The fire thins out old trees. This allows sunlight to reach the ground. As a result, fires help new trees to grow. Therefore, if a fire is not a serious threat to people, firefighters may let it burn naturally.
6. Today _______ has the most wildfires each year according to the passage.
A. Australia B. America C. Russia D. China
7. Russia had many fires in one month in 2010 because _______.
A. lightening spread the fire B. there was much fuel for fires
C. there were not enough firefighters D. it was unusually hot, dry and windy
8. What can be filled in the blank in Paragraph 2?
A. there are several reasons for this sudden increase in fires
B. people have done too many terrible things in recent years
C. stopping fires is difficult for people
D. careless people cause some fires
9. Because of the traditional fire-fighting practices in the US, _______.
A. there are fewer wildfires
B. trees and grass become thicker
C. the weather becomes warmer and drier
D. sunlight reaches the ground to help forests
10. What is the main idea of Paragraph 4?
A. Fires are serious threats to human beings.
B. Australian firefighters don't put out fires.
C. Fires can play an important role in forests.
D. It's difficult for firefighters to control the fires.
11. Which of the following is TRUE according to passage?
A. Not all the fires in the forests must be put out.
B. People's carelessness leads to dangerous fires.
C. Australia allows all the fires to burn naturally.
D. There are 2000 fires in Russia in 2010.
【答案】6. B 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. C 11. A
【解析】文章大意：本文讲现在的火灾比过去更多了，分析了引发火灾的原因，并指出火灾可能是健康森林的一部分，只要大火不对人类构成严重威胁，并非所有的或都要扑灭。
6. 细节理解题。根据第1段中“Over 100,000 wildfires burn each year in America. Russia has 20,000 to 35,000 wildfires every year. Australia has on average 60,000 each year.”可知未提及中国的情况，文中提到的几个国家中美国的野火最多。故选B。
7. 推理判断题。根据第2段中“In 2010, Russia had the hottest and driest summer in a century. In just one month, 500 fires destroyed over 2,000 homes.”结合上文内容可推出2010年俄罗斯有许多火灾是因为天气异常炎热干燥，再加上风的作用。故选D
8. 推理判断题。根据设空处下文中“The first is climate change.”及“Traditional fire-fighting practices are another reason for the increase in fires.”可推出此处应是说许多专家坚信火灾突然增多是有一些原因的。故选A。
9. 细节理解题。根据第3段中“In America, firefighters used to quickly put out every fire. They didn't allow the grass and trees to burn. As a result, today many forests have thicker vegetation(植被). ”可知因为美国的传统消防实践，植被（即树木和草）变得更厚。故选B。
10. 段落大意题。第四段描述的例子论证了科学家对大火可能是平衡森林的一个自然部分的观点，说明火在森林里有重要作用。故选C。
11. 细节理解题。根据第4段中“Therefore, if a fire is not a serious threat to people, firefighters may let it burn naturally”可知如果火灾没有严重威胁到人们，消防员可能回任其自然燃烧，并不是森林中所有的火都必须被扑灭，A项正确。故选A。
3
Every year, wildfires(野火) destroy much forest land. Homes are broken down, and thousands of people die. Smoke jumpers are helping to stop this.
Smoke jumpers are a special kind of firefighters. They jump from places into areas that are difficult to reach by car or on foot.They race to put out fires as fast as they can.
At a fire site, smoke jumpers first examine the land and decide how to fight the fire. Their main goal is to stop fire from spreading. Using basic tools such as shovels and axes, smoke jumpers clear land of burnable material like plants and other dry material. They carry water with them too, but not much.
Although most smoke jumpers are men, more women are joining. Most important are your weight and height. Smoke jumpers in the U.S. ,for example ,must be 54 to 91 kilograms, so they don’t get hurt when they land, or get blown by strong winds.
Smoke jumpers must be able to live in the wilderness. They also know how to find food in the forest and even make simple furniture from trees.
They work is dangerous, the hours are long. But for these firefighters, smoke jumpers isn’t just a job. They love being able to jump out of planes, fight fires, and live in the forest. As a 28-year-old smoke jumper Alexi Tishin says,“This is the best job for the strong and brave.”
12. What do smoke jumpers do first when they come to a fire site?
A. Examine the land and decide how to fight the fire.
B. Use basic tools to clear the place.
C. stop fire from spreading.
13. The main purpose of smoke jumpers’ job is ________________.
A. todestroy much forest land
B. to clear land of burnable material
C. to prevent the fire from spreading
14. Smoke jumpers should have proper weight because ___________.
A. they can run faster in this way
B. they can land more safely in this way
C. they can be more handsome in this way
15. Smoke jumpers are able to do the following things EXCEPT ___________.
A. live in the wilderness
B. make beautiful furniture
C. know how to find food in the forest
16. Which of the following is TRUE according to this passage?
A. Smoke jumpers always carry a lot of water with them.
B. Only men can be smoke jumpers.
C. One should be brave and strong enough to be a smoke jumper.
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. B 15. B 16. C
【解析】这篇文章介绍了对特殊的消防员的一些要求。
12. A细节理解题。根据文章内容At a fire site, smoke jumpers first examine the land and decide how to fight the fire.可知在火灾现场，消防员首先检查土地，并决定如何灭火。故选A。
13. C细节理解题。根据Their main goal is to stop fire from spreading.可知消防员的主要目标是阻止火势蔓延。故选C。
14. B细节理解题。根据文章内容Most important are your weight and height. Smoke jumpers in the U.S. ,for example ,must be 54 to 91 kilograms, so they don’t get hurt when they land, or get blown by strong winds.可知，消防员应该有正确的体重，因为他们能够安全地着地。故选B。
15. B细节理解题。根据文章内容Smoke jumpers must be able to live in the wilderness. They also know how to find food in the forest and even make simple furniture from trees可知消防员必须能够生活在荒野中。他们也知道如何在森林里寻找食物，甚至可以从树上制作简单的家具。根据句意，故选B。
16. C细节理解题。根据As a 28-year-old smoke jumper Alexi Tishin says,“This is the best job for the strong and brave.”可知一个特殊的消防员必须足够强壮和勇敢。根据句意，故选C。
4
The world's largest rainforest, the Amazon, grows over eight counties and covers 40 percent of South America. It makes about one—fifth of Earth's oxygen. People call it "the lungs of our planet.
However, the rain forest is in danger now. A large fire broke out in the Amazon last moth. As of Aug 27, it had lasted for 22 days.
In fact, the Amazon has seen a large number of fires this year. Between January and August, there were over74, 000fires —the highest number since 2013, the BBC reported.
Most of the fires came from human activities" CNN noted. Farmers in the Amazon have long used fire to prepare land for planting. But these fires can easily get out of hand.
The Brazilian government has sent soldiers to fight the fires. But scientists have said that it will take around 20 to 40 years to rebuild the forest's ecosystem. They have also said that the fires have destroyed 15 to 17percent of the rainforest, China Daily reported.
The Amazon is home to around 1 million indigenous(土著的）people from up to 500 tribes(落）.About 3million species of plants and animals also live there, including jaguars, sloths and river dolphins. Many of them have lost their homes because of the fires. Here is the number of fires that have broken out in Brazil over the years.
Total numbers of fires between Jan 1 to Aug 20

17. People call the Amazon rainforest" the lungs of our planet" because .
A. it lies along the Amazon river B. it's the world's largest rainforest
C. it makes one—fifth of Earth's oxygen D. it grows over many countries
18. We know from CNN's report that the fire .
A. lasted for 22 days B. resulted from human activity
C. is helping farmers plant crops D. is out of control
19. The chart(图标)tell us the total numbers of fires between Jan1 to Aug20 .
A. is the least in 2019 B. is the most in 2016
C. is the same every year D. is the most this year
20. The last paragraph was written to show .
A. how much damage the fire has done
B. what we should do to rebuild the forest
C. how the Brazilian government stopped the fire
D. the importance of protecting the ecosystem
21. We can learn from the text that .
A. farmers shouldn't plant crops near the Amazon rainforest
B. Amazon forest's ecosystem will repair itself
C. it will take a long time to rebuild the Amazon
D. earth will run out of oxygen soon
【答案】17. C 18. B 19. D 20. A 21. C
【解析】本文主要是向大家介绍了亚马逊森林的重要性，报道了大火对它造成的严重影响。
17. 细节理解题。根据 It makes about one-fifth of Earth's oxygen. People call it "the lungs of our planet".它制造约占地球氧气的五分之一。人们称其为"地球之肺"。故选C。
18. 细节理解题。根据Most of the fires came from human activities, CNN noted.美国有线电视新闻网指出，大火主要来自人类活动。故选B。
19. 推理判断题。根据文中In fact, the Amazon has seen a large number of fires this year. Between January and August, there were over74, 000fires —the highest number since 2013, the BBC reported.并结合图表，可知今年的火灾是最多的。故选D。
20. 推理判断题。根据But scientists have said that it will take around 20 to 40 years to rebuild the forest's ecosystem. They have also said that the fires have destroyed 15 to 17 percent of the rainforest, China Daily reported.但是科学家表示，重建森林的生态系统大约需要20至40年。他们还说，据《中国日报》报道，大火毁坏了15%至17%的雨林。可知是介绍了火灾造成了多大破坏。故选A。
21. 推理判断题。根据But scientists have said that it will take around 20 to 40 years to rebuild the forest's ecosystem.但是科学家表示，重建森林的生态系统大约需要20至40年。可知重建亚马逊需要很长时间。故选C。
5
California is burning! Wildfires have spread across the US state since Oct 23 and smoke has filled its skies.
Take the Kincade Fire in northern California for example. It forced 200,000 people to escape(逃跑) its path within one week. The state’s largest power company cut power to about 206,000 homes in order to stop more fires from breaking out, CBS News reported.
California has seen many wildfires in recent years. Nine of the 10 biggest fires have happened since 2000, including five since 2010, according to The New York Times.
Why is this? California has the perfect wildfire conditions, Park Williams, a US climate expert (气候专家), told The New York Times. It has dry air and high temperatures from spring through late fall. At the same time, seasonal winds blow across the state every year, causing the wildfires to spread quickly and last for weeks.
Global warming has also made the fires worse in recent years. It has dried out the state’s trees and other plant life, causing them to burn more easily.
Humans have played a role as well. Burning campfires, garbage debris (垃圾碎片), and cigarette ends can easily cause wildfires. For example, one fire started last year when a car got a flat tire (漏了气的轮胎). The car’s body met the road and sent out sparks (火花), starting a fire.
Lightning strikes (雷击) and volcanic eruptions (火山爆发) can also cause wildfires. However, humans have caused 90 percent of California’s wildfires, according to the US National Park Service.
Wildfires often happen in wooded areas in the US, Canada and Australia. They are also known as forest fires or grass fires, or as bushfires (森林火灾) in Australia.
Wildfires can burn at over 900℃ and reach heights of more than 50 meters. They can move at speeds of up to 23 kilometers an hour, burning everything—trees, brush, homes, even people—in their path.
22. According to CBS News, the fires in California ________.
A. have influenced many people’s lives B. have gotten smaller in recent years
C. caused no deaths D. are under control
23. Paragraph 4 explains ________.
A. how global warming has made fires worse
B. how to cut off the power during a wildfire
C. why people are afraid of wildfires
D. why wildfires often happen in California
24. The example of the car accident with a flat tire tells us that ________.
A. people set forests on fire on purpose B. car accidents don’t cause wildfires
C. wildfires can start from small events D. people shouldn’t drive near forests
25. According to the story, what have/has caused most wildfires in California?
A. Lightning strikes. B. Volcanic eruptions.
C. Dry and hot weather. D. Human activities.
【答案】22. A 23. D 24. C 25. D
【解析】这是一篇议论文，文章讲述加利福尼亚容易引发大火影响人们生活，并讲述导致此问题的原因。
22. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Take the Kincade Fire in northern California for example. It forced 200,000 people to escape its path within one week. The state’s largest power company cut power to about 206,000 homes in order to stop more fires from breaking out”可知根据CBS新闻，加利福利亚的大火影响了很多人的生活。故选A。
23. 段落大意题。根据上文中“California has seen many wildfires in recent years. ...”及第四段开头“Why is this?”可知主要讲述加利福利亚经常发生大火的原因。故选D。
24. 推理判断题。根据第六段“Burning campfires, garbage debris, and cigarette ends can easily cause wildfires”及“The car’s body met the road and sent out sparks, starting a fire”可知举例说交通事故中轮胎起火是为了说明一些小的事件也容易引起大火。故选C。
25. 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“ humans have caused 90 percent of California’s wildfires”可知加利福利亚的大多数火灾是由人类活动引起的。故选D。
二、短文填空
根据下面短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
Recently, the fire disasters have been frequently (频繁地) reported on TV. Last month, a terrible fire accident 26. to Notre Dame Cathedral (巴黎圣母院), one of the most famous churches in the world. Lots of local people and tourists got together around the cathedral and prayed (祈祷) for it. The roof and the spire (塔尖) were burnt. But 27. , the main building and the cultural relics (文物) remained (保存).
In Liangshan, Sichuan Province, a forest 28. broke out on March 30th. A total of 252 firefighters and about 450 local people tried to put out the fire. It was 29. a serious fire that 27 firefighters and 4 local officials lost their lives.
Every year, many people die or get injured in the fire accidents. So, it is necessary for us to know how to protect 30. from a fire.
The most important thing is to 31. calm. It helps us to think clearly. Second, we should cut off the electricity in the house because we might get hurt by it. Next, we should cover our noses and mouths 32. a piece of wet cloth or a wet towel (毛巾). Because the fire will burn something and release (释放) a kind of poison (有毒的) gas. Finally, we should try our best to get out of the building. However, we mustn't take the lift or jump 33. from a window, it is really dangerous.
【答案】
26. happened
27. Fortunately
28. fire
29. such
30. ourselves
31. keep
32. with
33. out
【解析】本文介绍了法国的巴黎圣母院大火和四川凉山的森林大火，并且告诉我们如何保护自己不受大火的伤害。
26. 句意：上个月，世界最著名的教堂之一，巴黎圣母院发生了一场可怕的大火。happen to 发生，根据last month可知此处用一般过去时，故此处为happened。
27. 句意：幸运的是，主楼和文物都保存了下来。根据the main building and the cultural relics (文物) remained (保存).可知，主楼和文物都保存下来，这是幸运的，修饰整个句子，故用副词，故此处为Fortunately。
28. 句意：在3月30日，四川省的凉山爆发了一场森林大火。根据后文的A total of 252 firefighters and about 450 local people tried to put out the fire.可知，此处指的是森林大火，故此处为fire。
29. 句意：这是一场如此严重的大火，以至于27名消防队员和4名当地官员失去了生命。Such a+形容词+单数名词+that+从句，表示“如此……，以至于……”，故此处为such。
30. 句意：所以，对我们来说，知道如何保护我们自己不受大火的伤害是必要的。protect sb from sth保护某人不受某物的伤害，此处主语是we，故对应的宾语用反身代词ourselves.
31. 句意：最重要的事就是要保持冷静。keep calm保持冷静，位于动词不定式符号to后，故用动词原形，故此处为keep。
32. 句意：接下来，我们应该用一块湿布或湿毛巾捂住鼻子和嘴。此处cover sth with sth用某物盖住某物，故此处为with。
33. 句意：然而，我们一定不要乘坐电梯或者从窗户里跳出去。jump out跳出，故此处为out。
三、完型填空
Man began to make use of fire long long ago. Fire is useful in many ways, but sometimes it is dangerous. If you are not 34 with it, it can burn things or even hurt you. A big fire can 35 forests and tall buildings. Sometimes a piece of thin paper can cause (引起)a big fire. So please remember not to smoke in the dry places like woods and forests. When you use candles at home, you should 36 your long hair away from the fire.
But if there is a fire in our building, 37 should we do? Pour some water 38 your clothes. What’s more, put a 39 towel (毛巾) over your mouth and your nose to keep the 40 out. You’d better run away from the fire as 41 as you can. But you mustn’t rush! Or you may fall over and hurt yourself or others. Of course you should also call 42 On the phone you should clearly tell the firemen where the fire is to help them get there without difficulty. By the way, Do not 43 out of the window. Jumping may be more dangerous than the fire.
Keep ourselves away from fire and safety is above all!
34. A. careful B. happy C. good D. lucky
35. A. wash B. blow C. burn D. hit
36. A. make B. put C. keep D. take
37. A. what B. where C. why D. how
38. A. above B. below C. over D. under
39. A. dry B. big C. small D. wet
40. A. air B. smoke C. water D. fire
41. A. slowly B. quickly C. suddenly D. early
42. A. 120 B. 110 C. 114 D. 119
43. A. run B. rush C. get D. Jump
【答案】34. A 35. C 36. C 37. A 38. C 39. D 40. B 41. B 42. D 43. D
【解析】如果你用火不小心，它可能会伤到你。一场大火可能烧毁森林和高楼。当你在家用蜡烛时候，你应该让你的长发远离这个火。发生火灾时的做法：倒水在你的衣服上。更重要的是，用一条湿毛巾盖住口和你的鼻子来阻止烟的进入。
34. 考查形容词及语境的理解。A. careful小心的；B. happy 高兴的；C. good好的; D. lucky 幸运的。联系句意：如果你用火不小心，它可能会伤到你。结合选项为小心的。因此用care的形容词的形式。故选A
35. 考查动词及语境的理解。A. wash洗；B. blow 刮; C. burn 烧; D. hit击打。联系句意：一场大火可能烧毁森林和高楼。结合上下文，体现出是烧毁之意。故选C
36. 考查动词及语境的理解。A. make制作；B. put放；C. keep保持; D. take带走。 联系句意：当你在家用蜡烛时候，你应该让你的长发远离这个火。分析：考查短语：keep…away from …保持某人或者某物远离某人或者某物。故选C
37. 考查疑问词及语境的理解。A. what什么；B. where在哪；C. why为什么；D. how 如何。联系句意：但是，如果建筑物发生火灾，我们应该做什么？分析句子，表示做的内容，因此用疑问词what.故选A
38. 考查介词及语境的理解。A. above在上方；B. below下面；C. over 上面；D. under 下面。联系句意：发生火灾时的做法：倒水在你的衣服上。更重要的是，用一条湿毛巾盖住口和你的鼻子来阻止烟的进入。结合选项倒在衣服上，用介词over.故选C
39. 考查形容词及语境的理解。A. dry干的；B. big 大的；C. small 小的；D. wet湿的。联系句意：发生火灾时的做法：倒水在你的衣服上。更重要的是，用一条湿毛巾盖住口和你的鼻子来阻止烟的进入。联系安全常识，使用湿毛巾。故选D
40. 考查名词及语境的理解。A. air空气；B. smoke烟；C. water水; D. fire 火。联系句意：发生火灾时的做法：倒水在你的衣服上。更重要的是，用一条湿毛巾盖住口和你的鼻子来阻止烟的进入。明确是阻止烟的进入，因此选择第二项。故选B
41. 考查副词及语境的理解。A. slowly慢慢地；B. quickly迅速地；C. suddenly 突然地；D. early 早地。联系句意：你最好尽可能快地逃离现场。考查固定短语as…as you can.中间接形容词或者副词的原级。结合短文内容快地。故选B
42. 考查数词及语境的理解。A. 120 医疗急救电话；B. 110匪警电话；C. 114电话查询；D. 119火警电话。联系句意：你应该拨打119，通过电话你应该清晰地告诉消防员火灾的地点。分析：发生火灾一定是拨打电话119.故选D
43. 考查动词及语境的理解。A. run跑；B. rush冲；C. get得到；D. Jump 跳。联系句意：顺便说一下，不要跳窗户。跳出去可能比在火场中更危险。故选D