高中英语语法-初步掌握非谓语动词的基本结构及用法知识精讲.rar-新人教[整理]学案

这是一份高中英语语法-初步掌握非谓语动词的基本结构及用法知识精讲.rar-新人教[整理]学案，共5页。学案主要包含了典型例题等内容，欢迎下载使用。

初步掌握非谓语的基本结构及用法
二. 教学重难点
掌握非谓语所能够充当的句子成分
（一）非谓语的分类以及各自在句子中所能充当的成分。
非谓语分为不定式，动名词，现在分词和过去分词。（动名词和现在分词形式相同）
以下表格表示的是它们各自所能充当的成分：
现在分词：（ding，having dne，being dne，having been dne）
1. 现在分词在句子中做表语。（即进行时态）
如：
He is playing ftball n the playgrund.
I was studying English frm 1991 t 1999.
2. 现在分词在句子中做定语。
如：
D yu knw the man speaking t my teacher?
I saw a sleeping cat when I entered the rm.
3. 现在分词在句子中做状语。现在分词在句子中做状语表示在主句动作发生的同时，主语又发生的事情。
如：
The by sat there thinking abut his plan.
The man lked at his brken car, wndering hw much it will cst t get it repaired.
Having finished his breakfast, Tm went t schl.
Being highly praised, he thught f anther great adventure.
注意：非谓语做状语的时候，其逻辑主语一定是主句的主语，
如：
Having examined him, the dctr tld him OK.
Having been examined, he was tld OK.
特例：不需与主句主语一致的现在分词状语有：judging frm/by， generally speaking，cnsidering，talking f，suppsing，beginning等）
4. 在句子中做宾补。（以现在分词做宾补的动词主要有：mind，suggest， imagine，see，
hear，feel，smell，taste，keep等）
如：
Can yu imagine him waiting here fr anther 2 hurs?
He suggested us ging hme and cming here tmrrw.
She smelt smething burning.
She just kept her students cleaning the classrm every day.
We were suggested ging hme.
He was seen playing the vilin wnderfully.
过去分词：
1. 过去分词在句子中做表语。（即被动语态）
如：
His jb has been finished.
She is highly praised.
2. 过去分词在句子中做定语。
如：
D yu knw the difference between written and spken English?
The huse with a brken windw is his.
The windw brken by him is being repaired nw.
3. 过去分词在句子中做宾补。（接过去分词做宾补的动词主要有：get，make，have，
see，hear等）
He has had/made/gt his hair cut.
She saw her husband killed in the war.
His hair was made cut.
She was heard awarded the Oscar award.
4. 过去分词做状语。
注意非谓语做状语的时候，主语与非谓语的一致问题。
Permitted, he wuld have succeeded in ding that.
讨论：此句为什么不用having been permitted?
本句的句意是“如果当时他被允许（做这件事）的话，他本会成功的”
过去分词做状语可以表示条件，与if + dne可以互换。
而现在分词中的完成被动式不可以，它只可以表示完成被动，
而且只有非谓语与谓语是很鲜明的先后关系时才可以用（平时很少用到）
如：
Having been finished, his hmewrk was sent t his teacher t be crrected.
如果非谓语与谓语是一般的先后关系的话，直接用过去分词即可
如：
Guided by the guide, he fund the place easily.
Sclded by the teacher, he felt very depressed.
英语中用主动表示被动的情况
在不定式做定语时，如果不定式的真正主语（未必是本句的主语）出现了的话，要
用主动语态代替被动语态。
如：
I have sme hmewrk t d.
I have sme hmewrk fr yu t d.
I have sme hmewrk t be dne.
There is sme hmewrk t d/t be dne.
There is sme hmewrk fr us t d.
The building t be built is ur new library.
The building fr them t build is ur new library.
2. 出现在表示主语性质的形容词后面的不定式，要用主动语态代替被动语态。
如：
This bk is easy t read.
This TV is cheap t buy.
3. 谓语动词在表示主语性质的时候，要用主动语态代替被动语态。
如：
This kind f bks sell well.
This pen writes well.
Dn’t drp the ink ver yur clthes. It desn’t wash ut.
4. 一些词组中的动名词的用法。（be wrth ding，need/want/require/deserve）
如：
The car needs/wants/requires repairing.
This bk deserves/is wrth reading.
【典型例题】
[例1] His speech in English was difficult .
A. in fllwing B. fr being fllwed
C. t fllw D. t be fllwed by
（答案为C，不定式在表示主语性质的形容词后面要用主动表被动）
[例2] D yu think him easy ?
A. t get alng with B. t get alng
C. t be gt alng with D. t be gt alng
（答案为A，同上）
[例3] Is this yur ______ stick?
A. walk B. walked C. walking D. t walk
（答案为C，动名词做定语表示用途）
[例4] They are thinking abut ______ ff ______ the meeting.
A. put, hld B. putting, hlding
C. putting, hld D. put, hlding
（答案为B，动名词做宾语）
[例5] They sat there, ______ what t d.
A. knwing B. didn’t knw
C. dn’t knw D. nt knwing
（答案为D，现在分词做状语，否定式）
[例6] Are yu ging t attend the meeting ______ next Mnday?
A. held B. t hld C. t be held D. being held
（答案为C，被动+将来，用不定式被动）
[例7] He kept the windw ______ fr anther 2 hurs.
A. pen B. pened C. pening D. clse
（答案为A，形容词做宾补，pen是暂转动词，它的被动语态也是暂转动词，故B不正确）
[例8] ______ mre time, he culd d it better.
A. Giving B. Given
C. T give D. Having given
（答案为B，过去分词做状语表完成被动）
[例9] He was punished fr ______ the windw.
A. his brken B. his breaking
C. having brken D. brken
（答案为C，介词后面的动名词，注意此句中应用完成）
[例10] ______ care f the baby, r it may fall ill.
A. Taking B. T take C. Taken D. Take
（答案为D，祈使句，两句间有连词r证明是复合句，那么前面的句子一定要有一个谓语。）
[例11] ______ acrss the railway, a train hit it.
A. Walking B. While walking
C. As it was walking D. While it was walking
（答案为D，非谓语做状语的时候，其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语，因此AB均不对，C的连词as用于“与此同时”，故也不正确。注：while与when都可以表示“正当…”）
[例12] ______ frm his accent（口音）, he must be frm America.
A. Judging B. Judged
C. Being judged D. T judge
（答案为A，主语与非谓语不一致的例子之一）
1. It’s well wrth ______ the effrt t learn hw t d it.
A. making B. being made C. t make D. t be made
2. The detective, ______ t read a newspaper, glanced at the man ______ next t a wman.
A. pretending, seating B. pretending, seated
C. pretended, seating D. pretended, seated
3. New ideas smetimes have t wait fr years befre ______.
A. being fully accepted B. fully accepted
C. fully accepting D. fully being accepted
4. ______ ill wrried my parents greatly.
A. I fell B. Me falling C. My falling D. I falling
5. She suggested _______ fr an uting the next Sunday.
A. g B. t g C. ging D. gne
6. He asked wh was the man ______ n.
A. t be perating B. perating
C. t perate D. being perated
7. She is writing a letter t a friend f hers, ______ him t attend the meeting.
A. having invited B. inviting C. t invite D. invited
8. _______, he went t ask his teacher fr help.
A. Nt knwn hw t d it B. Unknwn hw t d
C. Knwing hw t d D. Nt knwing hw t d it
9. It is n use ______ that yu didn’t knw the rules.
A. pretend B. t pretend C. pretending D. pretended
10. The building ______ is fr ur teachers.
A. has built B. t be building C. being built D. t build
11. The dictinary ______ n the desk belngs t LiTa.
A. lay B. laying C. lying D. laid
12. The lady ______ an expensive diamnd necklace lked ______.
A. wearing, wrried B. wre, wrried
C. wears, wrrying D. wre, wrrying
13. We appreciate（赞赏） ______ the prblem with yu again.
A. t discuss B. t be discussing
C. discussing D. having discussed
14. The ld man needs ______.
A. t lk after B. lking after
C. being lked after D. t be lking after
15. My favrite sprts are ______.
A. swimming and skating B. t swim and skate
C. t swim and skating D. swimming and t skate
16. I can hardly imagine Jhn ______ acrss the Atlantic Ocean in 5 days.
A. sail B. t sail C. sailing D. t have sailed
17. Lk arund when ______ the street.
A. yu crssing B. t crss C. crssing D. crssed
18. Did yu see ______ twards us?
A. she running B. she run C. her run D. her running
19. Nt until Jane gt ff the bus did she find her wallet ______.
A. missed B. missing C. lsing D. lse
20. The mther asked her daughter nt t delay ______ the paper.
A. handing in B. t hand in C. hand in D. having handed in
[参考答案]
1—10 ABACCDBDCC
11—20 CACBACCDBA
成分
类别
主语
宾语
表语
定语
状语
补语
不定式
√
√
√
√
√
√
动名词
√
√
√
√
现在分词
√
√
√
√
过去分词
√
√
√
√