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精品解析：2022届上海外国语大学附属外国语学校高三下学期三模英语试题（解析版）
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这是一份精品解析：2022届上海外国语大学附属外国语学校高三下学期三模英语试题（解析版），共26页。
2022届上海外国语大学附属外国语学校高三下学期
三模英语试题
Ⅱ. Grammar and vocabulary
Directions: After reading the passage, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in the blank with the proper form of the given word; for the others, use one word that best fits each blank.
Electronic devices can seem like ____1____ “third party” in some relationships because some partners spend more time on them than with each other.
When Amanda Gao, a 26-year-old white-collar worker in Beijing, went to a hotpot restaurant with her boyfriend on Friday night several weeks ago, she expected that they would have a good time together. To her disappointment, however, it did not turn our that way later. As soon as they ____2____ (lead) to their seats and she began to order dishes, he buried himself in his mobile phone.
“It seemed that his phone was making its way ____3____ us. A date that ____4____ have belonged to us turned into one where my boyfriend dated a third party and I felt left out.” Gao said, Some people, like her, have found that electronics have been sabotaging (破坏) their romantic relationships.
A study, ____5____ (publish) in the journal Psychology of Popular Media Culture in April 2017, questioned nearly 200 college aged adults who were in committed relationships to report on their and their partner’s smartphone dependency. The results showed people who were more dependent ____6____ their phones were less sure about their relationships, and people who considered their partners excessively (过度地) dependent on their devices were ____7____ (satisfied) in their relationship.
Lin Yuan, a relationship advisor in Beijing, noted that ____8____ more and more electronics come out and spice up people’s lives, they are at the same time becoming a third party in relationships, especially for young people.
Lin said she knew of some people who suggest that electronics should be kept out of bedrooms, ____9____ she considered challenging and hard to be put into practice for most couples. She recommended that _____10_____ people are feeling neglected in their relationship, they need to respectfully let their partners know their feeling. “Communication is always the best and the most efficient way,” she said.
【答案】1. a 2. were led
3. between 4. should
5. published
6. on 7. less satisfied
8. as 9. which
10. if
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲到随着越来越多的电子产品面世，给人们的生活增添了情趣。但他们同时也成为了“第三者”，尤其是年轻人之间。这一存在的普遍现象影响了人们的关系。
【1题详解】
考查冠词。句意：在某些关系中，电子设备似乎是一个“第三者”，因为有些人花在电子设备上的时间比两人在一起的时间还多。分析句子，表示一个“第三者”，表示泛指，third首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。
【2题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：当他们被领到座位，她开始点餐时，他就埋头于手机。分析句子可知，主语和lead之间表示被动逻辑，且时间发生于过去时。所以用过去时的被动。故填were led。
【3题详解】
考查介词。句意：他的手机似乎在我们之间走来走去。分析句子可知，此处缺“两者之间”的介词。故填between。
【4题详解】
考查情态动词+have done。句意：一场本应属于我们的约会变成了我男朋友和第“三者”约会，我感到被冷落了。分析句子可知，此处表示对过去的猜测，should have done译为“本应该做某事确没有做某事”，此处符合句意。故填should。
【5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：2017年4月发表在《流行媒体文化心理学》杂志上的一项研究对近200名大学生进行了调查。分析句子可知，简单句中除了publish外还有动词questioned，故提示词需填非谓语动词。又因为publish和逻辑主语表示被动，所以用过去分词表示被动。故填published.
【6题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：结果显示，那些更依赖手机的人对他们的关系不太确定。be dependent on 译为“依赖于，依靠”是固定短语。故填on。
【7题详解】
考查形容词的比较级。句意：那些认为伴侣过分依赖他们的设备的人对他们的关系不太满意。分析句子可知，and前提到“过分依赖手机的人对关系不太确定”，该处用了形容词的比较级less sure。and前后级别一致，根据句意，此处也应用形容词的比较级。故填less satisfied。
【8题详解】
考查时间状语从句。句意：北京的关系顾问林媛（Lin Yuan）指出，随着越来越多的电子产品问世，给人们的生活增添了情趣，他们同时也成为了关系中的“第三者”，尤其是年轻人。分析句子可知，此处缺“随着”之意来引导后面的时间状语从句。故填as。
【9题详解】
考查非限制性定语从句。句意：林说，她认识一些人，他们建议把电子产品放在卧室外面，她认为这对大多数夫妇来说都很有挑战性，很难付诸实践。分析句子可知，设问处考查非限制性定语从句，从句部分缺宾语且先行词指代前面的主句部分内容。故which。
【10题详解】
考查条件状语从句。句意：她建议，如果人们在恋爱中感到被忽视，他们需要尊重地让伴侣知道他们的感受。分析句子，根据后面的“他们需要尊重地让伴侣知道他们的感受”可知，前句需表达“如果”感觉被忽略。所以此处需填if来引导条件状语从句。故填if。
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Robert Frost had aimed to be a poet since he was a teenager. But the American literary icon would not publish his first book of poetry until he was 39, and his best works would not follow until he was well into middle and old age. “Young people are good at discovering. They have a ____11____ here and there. It is like the stars coming out in the early evening,” he ____12____ at age 63, but “it is later in the dark of life that you see forms, patterns”
Frost’s ____13____ journey to fame during the dark of life, however, is far from the road less taken. Despite science society and silicon valley’s common belief that creativity, innovation and excellence are the near-exclusive province of the young, a surprising number of late bloomers mark the records of human history — women and men who ____14____ years of hardship, failure and missed opportunities before making an impact in the later stages of life. And once you move past the impressive stare of history’s Mozart-like geniuses, you find that late bloomers are quite ____15____: in fact, there are many more roads to becoming an old master than a young prodigy.
Sometimes you don’t discover your passion in life until you’ve done some other things first. Sometimes you don’t get the opportunity to make the most of your experiences until relatively late in life. Ray Kroc, the founder of McDonald’s, didn’t start building his business empire until he was 53 years old. Until that point, the former Red Cross ambulance driver was a traveling salesman, peddling milk shake machines and paper cups. “I was a(n) ____16____ success all right,” Kroc wrote in his autobiography, “but 30 years is a long, long night.”
Sometimes, instead of opportunities, life ____17____ obstacles on the road to success. It wasn’t until Laura Ingalls Wilder turned 65 that her epic Little House on the Prairie series was published. By then, she had already devoted decades to being a farm wife and mother, schoolteacher, loan officer and newspaper columnist, and she had endured more than her fair ____18____ of hardship, from droughts to house fires. Another influential writer, Miguel de Cervantes, wrote Don Quixote in his late 50s after an eventful life in which he spent years behind bars and as a captive of Barbary pirates.
Therefore, unlike the youthful genius, whose rocket-fast ____19____ impresses as well as depresses the rest of the world, the late bloomer demonstrates what is possible as people ______20______ their own versions of full bloom.
【答案】11. B 12. J
13. G 14. E
15. K 16. A
17. H 18. C
19. F 20. I
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述大器晚成者们在生命晚年获得成功之前要经历各种困难失败，要先从事其他事情，以及在他们通往成功的道路上布满阻碍。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：他们到处闪耀。分析句子可知，冠词a后需接名词。由后一句的“It is like the stars coming out in the early evening”可知，那就像在夜幕降临之际星星出现的样子。由此可见，他们就“像星星一样”闪耀。选项B. flash闪亮，闪光，符合语境。故选B。
【12题详解】
考查动词。句意：他在63岁时回想。分析句子可知，空格处缺失谓语动词，本句“at age 63”在63岁表达是一般过去时，空格谓语动词需用一般过去时。由前一句“Young people are good at discovering. They have a ____1____ here and there. It is like the stars coming out in the early evening”和后一句“but “it is later in the dark of life that you see forms, patterns””可知，年轻人善于发现。他们到处闪耀。那就像在夜幕降临之际星星出现的样子，但是只有在生命黑暗的后期，你才能看到形式和模式。由此可见，前后句是他在63岁时回想的感悟。选项J. reflected表达，反思，符合语境。故选J。
【13题详解】
考查形容词。句意：但是，在黑暗的生活期间弗罗斯特的漫长名望之旅远非是可以少走几段路。分析句子可知，名词journey前需用形容词修饰。由本句后半部分“远非是可以少走几段路”可知，弗罗斯特的名望之旅是漫长的。选项G. lengthy漫长的，符合语境。故选G。
【14题详解】
考查动词。句意：在生活的晚年产生影响之前，忍受数年苦难，失败，并且错失了机会的女人和男人们。分析句子可知，空格处缺失谓语动词。由本句的后半部分“并且错失了机会”可知，空格处表达的是和“错失了机会”一样不好的语境。选项E. endured忍受，和空格后的“hardship, failure”一起表达的是“忍受苦难，失败”，符合语境。故选E。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：你会发现大器晚成者们是相当多的：实际上，比起一个年轻的神童，有更多条路可以成为一名年老的大师。分析句子可知，be动词are后需接形容词。由本句的后半部分“有更多条路可以成为一名年老的大师”可知，大器晚成者们是相当多的。选项K. plentiful丰富的，许多的，符合语境。故选K。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：“我是一夜之间成功的”，克罗克在他的自传体种写道，“但是30年是一个很长，很长的夜晚。”分析句子可知，名词success前需用形容词修饰。由本句的后半部分“但是30年是一个很长，很长的夜晚。”可知，克罗克是一夜成功。选项A. overnight一夜的，突然的，符合语境。故选A。
【17题详解】
考查动词。句意：有时候，生活在成功的道路上放置的不是机遇而是障碍。分析句子可知，空格处缺失谓语动词，根据sometimes可知，谓语动词需用一般现在时。根据句意可知，在成功道路上的障碍是生活设置的。选项H. places放置，符合语境。故选H。
【18题详解】
考查名词。句意：在那之前，她已经将数十年奉献给了一个农场妻子和母亲，学校老师，信贷员以及新闻专栏作家，并且她所忍受的要比她应承担的困难，从旱灾到房屋着火，多得多。分析句子可知，形容词fair后要接名词。由空格后的“从旱灾到房屋着火的困难”可知，这些困难是她应承担的一份。选项C. share应承担的一份，符合语境。故选C。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：所以，不像年轻的天才们，他们像火箭一样快的提升给这个世界的其他人深刻印象，同时也使人沮丧。分析句子可知，形容词rocket-fast后要名词。由空格前的形容词“像火箭一样快的”可知，空格表达的是一种像火箭一样的上升趋势。选项F. rise上升，符合语境。故选F。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：大器晚成者们展示的是人们在追求他们自己的成功时，什么是可能的。分析句子可知，空格处缺失谓语动词。根据句意可知，人们对成功是一种追求。选项I. pursue追求，努力实现，符合语境。故选I。
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Today’s cinema has improved a great deal in presentation. Gone are the golden days when eager crowds were packed on wooden benches in poor buildings, which seemed to be about to ____21____ in the next minute. Audience were staring, with great interest, at the funny and amusing movements of silent figures on the screen. It was only through the body movements and facial expressions that the character’s feelings could be ____22____ to the audience. However, film goers all the same turned a blind eye to the ____23____ cinema surroundings and seemed crazy about almost all the films. Box office hits were a normal thing and stories about movie stars took full ____24____ of the newspapers. They were ____25____ with almost all positive wordings compared with today’s pitiful stars who are all the time alert to such news as divorces or affairs.
Nowadays, it is quite easy to find a cinema that exceeds the hotel luxury. Cinemas are spacious, well-lit places where one can kill time in comfort. Small favors offered by modern cinemas such as the well-printed booklets, which are ____26____ available, the mouth-watering snacks on sale and even the gifts are all sending the implied message to the audience that the film to watch will provide the equivalent ____27____. Audience, on the other hand, don’t always ____28____ the story. Before a film is released, the potential spectator is usually exposed to a(n) ____29____ of advertisements. Film trailers are seen everywhere and crew interviews are televised. And in tempting people to enter cinemas, second to none is _____30_____.People rely much no friends’ advice in choosing films.
Once the audience have settled on the chair, the cinema is learning from the theatre. The projectionists are to given the audience time to prepare themselves for the film. Talk first degrades to whisper then _____31_____ altogether. Spotlights are focused on the curtains which are drawn slowly apart, often in the _____32_____ of music, to reveal title of the film. Every detail has been designed so thoughtfully that the spectator will never actually see the _____33_____ screen, which will remind him all too sharply that what he is about to see is nothing but different shadows flashing on the white. However much the cinema tries to _____34_____ theatre, it fully succeeds. Nothing can _____35_____ the awe (敬畏) and sense of expectation felt by the audience as the curtain is slowly raised.
21. A. disappear B. collapse C. freeze D. rise
22. A. interpreted B. responded C. invented D. applied
23. A. special B. inferior C. standard D. loose
24. A. coverage B. use C. benefit D. responsibility
25. A. exposed B. reviewed C. overheard D. equipped
26. A. temporarily B. carefully C. readily D. traditionally
27. A. luxury B. expense C. convenience D. information
28. A. prove B. buy C. investigate D. convey
29. A. explosion B. promotion C. shift D. spread
30. A. walls of ears B. seeing is believing C. word of mouth D. grave of teeth
31. A. drives out B. wears out C. pays off D. dies away
32 A. company B. introduction C. benefit D. end
33. A. decorated B. distinct C. blank D. mechanical
34. A. imitate B. guide C. exploit D. replace
35. A. refer to B. compare with C. suffer from D. persist in
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. B 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. A 30. C 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文，介绍观影的历史变迁。以前的电影院观影环境不好，但人们依然趋之若鹜。现在观影环境好了许多，电影院通过多种方式吸引观众。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：过去热切的观众地挤在仿佛下一分钟就要倒塌似的破旧建筑物里的木凳上（观看电影），这样的日子一去不复返。A. disappear消失；B. collapse 坍塌 崩溃；C. freeze 冷冻；D. rise 升起。根据本句的poor building可知在这样破旧的建筑物当然容易“坍塌了”。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：观众只能通过演员的动作和面部表情来理解角色的情感。A. interpreted 理解 演绎；B. responded 反应；C. invented 发明；D. applied 申请 运用。根据前两句，因为过去电影没有声音，观众只能通过演员的表情动作来感受角色的情感。可知观众只能通过这样的方式来“理解”角色的情感的。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，电影爱好者依然无视低劣的电影院环境，对所有的电影趋之若鹜。A. special特别的；B. inferior下等的；C. standard标准的； D. loose 宽松的。根据前面第二句“eager crowds were packed on wooden benches in poor buildings”可知当时的观影条件相当恶劣，应该选择能表示负面环境情况的选项，因此排除A、C和D。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：票房排名相当常见，报纸满是有关明星的故事。A. coverage覆盖；B. use 使用；C. benefit 益处；D. responsibility 责任。根据前句观众对所以电影趋之若鹜和本句“票房排名随处可见”可知电影在当时很火，报纸满是有关明星的故事。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：与当今那些一直对离婚或风流韵事十分警惕的可怜的明星相比，当时的明星几乎都被溢美之词评论着。A. exposed 暴露； B. reviewed 复习 ，评论；C. overheard 无意听到；D. equipped 装备。根据前句newspapers和本句的all positive wordings可知本句是说报纸对当时明星有着积极的评论，故选B。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：现代电影院提供的小礼物，比如随处可见的印刷精美的小册子、促销中令人垂涎欲滴的小吃，甚至连礼物都在向观众暗示，观看的电影将带来同样的享受。A. temporarily暂时；B. carefully小心地； C. readily 容易地 ，乐意地；D. traditionally传统。根据常识，我们经常在电影院看到精美的小册子，这些小册子特别容易获得。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查名词词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. luxury奢侈 ，享受；B. expense 费用 ； C. convenience 方便；D. information 信息。电影院向公众送小礼物，目的是为了吸引让观众来看电影，让观众觉得即将要看的电影同样蛮让人享受的。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而观众并不总是相信你的话。A. prove 证明； B. buy 买相信；C. investigate 调查；D. convey 传达。本题考查固定搭配 buy one’s/the story，意为“相信某人的话”，故选B。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在电影发行前，潜在的观众通常会被铺天盖地的广告狂轰滥炸。A. explosion 爆炸 爆发；B. promotion 推销 升职；C. shift 转移 改变；D. spread 传播。本句中be exposed to sth意为“接触到某物”。根据本句的potential spectators可知在电影发行前，电影院已经有意识地把广告瞄准了这些潜在顾客，并对他们进行狂轰滥炸的宣传。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查短语词义辨析。句意：为了让观众走进电影院，电影的口碑相当重要。A. walls of ear耳壁；B. seeing is believing 眼见为实；C. word of mouth 口碑； D. grave of teeth 牙齿的坟墓。根据下句People rely much no friends’ advice in choosing films，可知人们会根据朋友建议来选择观看的电影，因此电影院必须做好宣传，让电影有好的口碑，以此来吸引更多的观众走人电影院。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查动词词组辨析。句意：谈话渐变为低语，再逐渐变得鸦雀无声。A. drives out 驱逐 淘汰；B. wears out 磨损 筋疲力尽；C. pays off 还清 回报；D. dies away (声音)变弱 逐渐消失。根据Talk first degrades to whisper ，可知本句在描述声音由大变小的过程，故选D。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：聚光灯通常伴随着音乐聚焦在缓缓拉开的幕布，以展露电影的片名。A. company陪伴， 伴随；B. introduction 介绍；C. benefit 益处；D. end 结束 尽头。聚光灯、幕布和音乐这些相互配合，为片面的出现作铺垫。聚光灯通常伴随着音乐聚焦在缓缓拉开的幕布，以展露电影的片名。故选A。
33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每一个细节都设计得如此周到，以至于观众永远不会真正看到空白的屏幕，这将提醒他，他即将看到的只是不同的阴影在白色上屏幕上的闪烁。A. decorated 装饰的；B. distinct 明显的 有区别的；C. blank 空白的；D. mechanical 机械的。本句向我们传达了电影院对细节的精选设计，以至观众投入其中，而几乎忘记了他们其实在看的只不过是空的屏幕而已（不是实实在在的真人表演）。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不管电影院模仿剧院多少，它的确很成功。A. imitate模仿；B. guide 引导；C. exploit开采；D. replace 取代。根据本段第一句the cinema is learning from the theatre可知电影院只不过是在学习模仿剧院，故选A。
【35题详解】
考查动词词组辨析。句意：当幕布缓缓升起时，没有什么能比得上观众感受到的那种敬畏感和期待感。A. refer to谈及 涉及；B. compare with 与…相比；C. suffer from 遭受；D. persist in 坚持。本题考查了固定句式，Nothing can…经常和compare with 搭配，表示“没什么能够于之相比”。结合上一句，电影院模仿剧院成功，说明产生了好的效果，没有什么能比得上观众感受到的那种敬畏感和期待感。故选B。
【点睛】做完形填空时，要注意选项的熟词生义现象。比如说本篇的第5小题，review在文中不是“复习”的意思，而是“评论”的意思。又比如本篇的第8小题，buy在文中并不是“买”的意思，而是 “相信”的意思。这些要靠平时有意识积累，做题时要根据语境来判断具体的意思。
Section B
Reading comprehension
A
Some plants get so hungry that they eat flies, spiders, and even small frogs. What’s more amazing is that these plants occur naturally (in special environments) in every state. In fact, they’re found on every continent except Antarctica.
You’ve probably seen a Venus’ flytrap. It’s often sold in museum gift stores, department stores, and even supermarkets. A small plant, it grows 6 to 8 inches tall in a container. At the end of its stalks (茎) are specially modified leaves that act like traps. Inside each trap is a lining of tiny trigger hairs. When an insect lands on them, the trap suddenly shuts. Over the course of a week or so, the plant feeds on its catch.
The Venus flytrap is just one of more than 500 species of meat-eating plants, says Barry Meyers-Rice, the editor of the International carnivorous (食肉的) Plant Society’ s Newsletter. Note: Despite any science-fiction stories you might have read, no meat-eating plant does any danger to humans.
Dr. Meyers-Rice says a plant is meat-eating, only if it does all four of the following “attract, kill, digest, and absorb” some from of insects, including flies, butterflies, and moths. Meat-eating plants look and act like other green plants -- well, most of the time.
All green plants make sugar through a process called photosynthesis (光合作用). Plants use the sugar to make food. What makes “meat-eating” plants different is their bug-catching leaves. They need insects for one reason: nitrogen. Nitrogen is a nutrient that they can’t obtain any other way. While almost all green plants on our planet get nitrogen from the soil, “meat-eating” plants can’t. They live in places where nutrients are hard or almost impossible to get from the soil because of its acidity. So they’ve come to rely on getting nitrogen from insects and small animals. In fact, nutrient-rich soil is poisonous to “meat-eating” plants. Never fertilize them! But don’t worry, either, if they never seem to catch any insects. They can survive, but they’ll grow very slowly.
36. According to the passage, carnivorous plants ________.
A. only grow in wild field B. are rare to see
C. are as common as flies D. cannot grow on Antarctica
37. Venus flytrap preys on insects with ________.
A. its numerous long an thin stalks B. a container where it grows
C. its insect-catching leaves D. the lining of tiny trigger hairs
38. We can conclude from the third paragraph that ________.
A. carnivorous plants are dangerous
B. carnivorous plants are fictional
C. carnivorous plants occasionally eat book
D. carnivorous plants are harmless to humans
39. In the eyes of the author, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Carnivorous plants cannot grow in acid soil
B. Carnivorous plants can grow in nutrient-poor soil
C. Carnivorous plants will die if they cannot catch any insects
D. Carnivorous plants can get nitrogen from nutrient-rich soil
【答案】36. D 37. C 38. D 39. B
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章以捕蝇草为例主要介绍了食肉植物的生长地方、捕食猎物的方式以及它们捕捉昆虫的原因。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的最后一句“In fact, they’re found on every continent except Antarctica.”可知，除了南极洲，其他大陆都有食肉植物的踪影。故选D项。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At the end of its stalks (茎) are specially modified leaves that act like traps. Inside each trap is a lining of tiny trigger hairs. When an insect lands on them, the trap suddenly shuts. ”可知，捕蝇草茎的末端是经过特殊改造的类似陷阱一样的叶子，每个陷阱里都有一个小小的刺针。当昆虫落在它们身上时，陷阱突然关闭。由此可知，捕蝇草捕食昆虫是用了专门捕虫的叶子。故选C项。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的最后一句“Note: Despite any science-fiction stories you might have read, no meat-eating plant does any danger to humans.”可知，但食肉植物对人类是没有任何伤害的。由此可推知，食肉植物对人类是无害的。故选D项。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“In fact, nutrient-rich soil is poisonous to “meat-eating” plants. Never fertilize them! But don’t worry, either, if they never seem to catch any insects. They can survive, but they’ll grow very slowly.”可知，营养丰富的土壤对食肉植物是有毒的。永远不要给它们施肥！但如果它们不能抓到昆虫的话也别担心。它们是能活下来的，只不过生长的很慢。由此可知，食肉植物可以在贫瘠的土壤中生长。故选B项。
B
The Honors Program in Biochemistry Molecular Biology (HPBMB) is offered mature high school seniors with strong academic ability and achievement who seek careers in biological or biomedical science. Students can earn both a bachelor of Science (B.S.) and a doctor of Philosophy Degree (Ph.D.) in approximately 6 years.
Applicants to the Honors Program in biochemistry Molecular Biology must be in their last year of high school.
Undergraduates will have the opportunity to work with top-level research scientist in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and also in clinical laboratories with scientist that are associated with the department. They will conduct intensive laboratory work in the areas of biochemistry, molecular biology or nutritional biochemistry starting in the summer before their first fall semester starts. By spring of their junior year, students will prepare an undergraduate thesis as preparation for their entry into graduate school. At that time they will start taking graduate courses and continue to do research with a graduate faculty member.
To be considered students must:
● have a combined SAT Ⅰ score of 1400 (combined Math and critical Reading scores)
● meet the SAT Ⅱ score requirement of at least 600 in Math, and one science (Biology, Chemistry or Physics)
● have completed eight semesters of English and mathematics and two semesters each of biology and chemistry by the time they graduate from high school
● complete all components of your Common Application for undergraduate admission by November I of your senior year
● complete a supplemental application from for the Honors Program in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
● include a counselor recommendation, three letters of recommendation from teachers in support of your application to the Honors Program and a personal statement
Send all Dual admission Honors Program application materials to:
Dual Admission Honors Programs
Office of admission
University of Miami
P.O. Box 248025
Coral Gables, FL 33124-4616
Fax number: (513)529-7592 (513)529-1950
For more information on the hpbmb, contact:
Dr. Thomas K. Harris
Director, Undergraduate and Medical Education
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Office: Gautier Building, Room 111
Phone: 305-243-3358
E-Mail: tkharrislamiami.edu
40. We can learn from the passage that ________.
A. Grade one students in a high school can apply for the program.
B. it’s possible for graduates to obtain both a bachelor’s degree and a doctor’s degree.
C. graduates are promised to have a chance to work with top biomedical scientists.
D. a thesis is not necessary if an undergraduate wants to go to graduate school.
41. Which of the following is an unnecessary requirement for application?
A. A combined sat I score of 1400.
B. A combined sat ll score of 600 in Math and one science.
C. Three letters of recommendation from his teachers.
D. A letter of recommendation from the principal.
42. What’s the purpose of this passage?
A. To tell the students how to learn well in Biochemistry Molecular Biology.
B. To introduce a very famous university “University of Miami”.
C. To attract excellent high school graduates to apply for the Honors Program.
D. To give information on how to contact Director of the Honors Program.
【答案】40. B 41. D 42. C
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。讲述了荣誉课程的诸多好处和报名要求以及报名方式等
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Students can earn both a bachelor of Science (B.S.) and a doctor of Philosophy Degree (Ph.D.) in approximately 6 years.”可知，学生可以同时获得理科学士学位和哲学博士学位，所以B正确，故选B。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据“have a combined SAT Ⅰ score of 1400”可知A项为申请必需要求，排除A；根据“meet the SAT Ⅱ score requirement of at least 600 in Math, and one science”可知B项为申请必需要求，排除B；根据“three letters of recommendation from teachers”可知C项为申请必需要求，排除C；根据“include a counselor recommendation, three letters of recommendation from teachers in support of your application to the Honors Program and a personal statement”可知，需要的有一个咨询师的推荐、三封来自老师的推荐信和一份自我陈述，并不需要校长的推荐信，故D不是申请必需要求，选D。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章主题句The Honors Program in Biochemistry Molecular Biology (HPBMB) is offered mature high school seniors with strong academic ability and achievement who seek careers in biological or biomedical science.（生物化学分子生物学荣誉课程是为那些在生物或生物医学领域寻求职业发展的具有较强学术能力和成就的成熟高中毕业生提供的。）结合全文内容，可知文章讲述了荣誉课程的诸多好处和报名要求以及报名方式等，所以文章的目的是为了吸引优秀毕业生申请荣誉课程。故选C。
C
Philosophy of Education is a label applied to the study of the purpose, process, nature and ideals of education. It can be considered a branch of both philosophy and education. Education can be defined as the teaching and learning of specific skills, and the imparting of knowledge, judgment and wisdom, and is something broader than the societal institution of education we often speak of.
Many educationalists consider it a weak and imprecise field, too far removed from the practical applications of the real world to be useful. But philosophers dating back to Plato and the Ancient Greeks have given the area much thought and emphasis, and there is little doubt that their work has helped shape the practice of education over the millennia.
Plato is the earliest important educational thinker, and education is an essential element in “The Republic” (his most important work on philosophy and political theory, written around 360 B.C.). In it, he advocates some rather extreme methods: removing children from their mothers’ care and raising them as wards of the state, and differentiating children suitable to the various castes(社会等级), the highest receiving the most education, so that they could act as guardians of the city and care for the less able. He believed that education should be holistic(全面的), including facts, skills, physical discipline, music and art. Plato believed that talent and intelligence is not distributed genetically and thus is to be found in children born to all classes, although his proposed system of selective public education for an educated minority of the population does not really follow a democratic model.
Aristotle considered human nature, habit and reason to be equally important forces to be cultivated in education, the ultimate aim of which should be to produce good and virtuous citizens. He proposed that teachers lead their students systematically, and that repetition be used as a key tool to develop good habits, unlike Socrates’ emphasis on questioning his listeners to bring out their own ideas. He emphasized the balancing of the theoretical and practical aspects of subjects taught, among which he clearly mentions reading, writing, mathematics, music, physical education, literature, history, and a wide range of sciences, as well as play, which he also considered important.
During the period of Middle Age, the idea of Perennialism was first formulated by St. Thomas Aquinas in his work “De Magistro”. Perennialism holds that one should teach those things deemed to be of everlasting importance to all people everywhere, namely principles and reasoning, not just facts (which are apt to change over time), and that one should teach first about people, not machines or techniques. It was originally religious in nature, and it was only much later that a theory of worldly Perennialism developed.
During the Renaissance(文艺复兴), the French doubter Michel de Montaigne (1533 - 1592) was one of the first to critically look at education. Unusually for his time, Montaigne was willing to question the conventional wisdom of the period, calling into question the whole structure of the educational system, and the assumption that university-educated philosophers were necessarily wiser than uneducated farm workers, for example.
43. Why do many educationists consider philosophy a ‘weak and imprecise field’?
A. It is the practical applications of the real world.
B. Its theoretical concepts are easily understood.
C. It is irrelevant for education.
D. It is not practically applicable.
44. What is the difference between the approaches of Socrates and Aristotle?
A. Aristotle felt the need for repetition to develop good habits in students; Socrates felt that students need to be constantly questioned.
B. Aristotle felt the need for rote-learning; Socrates emphasized on dialogic learning.
C. There was no difference.
D. Aristotle emphasized on the importance of paying attention to human nature; Socrates emphasized upon science.
45. According to the passage, the underlined word “Perennialism” most probably refers to something _____________
A. that is unnecessary. B. that is of ceaseless importance.
C. that is abstract and theoretical. D. that exists no more.
46. Why did Aquinas propose a model of education which did not lay much emphasis on facts?
A. Facts are not important.
B. Facts do not lead to holistic education.
C. Facts change with the changing times.
D. Facts are frozen in time.
【答案】43. D 44. A 45. B 46. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几位历史上几位最著名的哲学家柏拉图、亚里士多德、苏格拉底、阿奎那以及蒙田的教育理论。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Many educationalists consider it a weak and imprecise field, too far removed from the practical applications of the real world to be useful.”可知，很多教育家认为哲学是一个薄弱而不精确的领域是因为他们认为哲学并不实用，故D项正确。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Aristotle considered human nature…and that repetition be used as a key tool to develop good habits, unlike Socrates’ emphasis on questioning his listeners to bring out their own ideas.”可知，亚里士多德认为应该将重复作为培养良好习惯的关键工具，苏格拉底则认为应该通过不断地提问学生来引出自己的观点，故A项正确。
【45题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“Perennialism holds that one should teach those things deemed to be of everlasting importance to all people everywhere, namely principles and reasoning, not just facts”可知，永恒主义认为一个人应该教授那些对世界上所有人都重要的东西，即原则和推理，而不仅仅是事实，由此可知Perennialism指的是非常重要的理论，故B项正确。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“…not just facts (which are apt to change over time)”可知，阿奎那提出一种不注重事实的教育模式是因为事实随着时间的变化而变化，故C项正确。
【点睛】本文介绍了几位历史上几位最著名的哲学家对教育的理论，由于话题原因比较难理解，难度很大，涉及到对比人物观点的时候，我们可以利用定位法，根据题干中出现的人物快速在文中找到对应的内容，例如第2题，题干问的是亚里士多德和苏格拉底教学方法的不同之处，根据题干中的Socrates and Aristotle我们定位第四段中的“Aristotle considered human nature…and that repetition be used as a key tool to develop good habits, unlike Socrates’ emphasis on questioning his listeners to bring out their own ideas.”可知，亚里士多德认为应该将重复作为培养良好习惯的关键工具，不像苏格拉底认为应该通过不断地提问学生来引出自己的观点。故选A项。
D
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given behind. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Living off grid
When you need electricity, you just plug in the machine and switch it on. If you need water, you turn on the tap. ____47____ For many people, these facilities are the basics of civilized society and the idea of living without them seems risky. Yet for a growing number of people, the idea of living off grid — without electricity, water or sewage — is an increasingly attractive lifestyle.
Off-gridders do not have to give up electricity or a modern lifestyle — some choose to, but most use small hydroelectric power systems, solar panels or windmills to generate enough power for their needs. Heating and cooking needs are met by solar energy or wood burning systems, and toilet facilities range from non-water toilets to outside compost toilets. ____48____ It ranges from traditional yurts (a type of tent) to luxury house with high-speed internet and central heating. Whether they live in simple homes or luxury houses, what they all have in common is that their lifestyles do not create any pollution or carbon emissions — the ultimate goal for off-gridders.
Around 100,000 people are thought to be living off grid in the UK now. ____49____ They grow their own food, home-school their children and provide their own medical care. They are people who have been priced out of the housing market or who have grown disillusioned with what modern society can offer and who decides that an alternative lifestyle isn’t a pipe dream, but a viable option.
A part from living an alternative lifestyle, cost is a big factor in choosing to live off-grid. Off-grid houses are far cheaper to build than ordinary homes since they don’t need to be connected to the electricity or water supplies and even road access is not necessary. Materials tend to be cheaper, too. Popular options include straw or old tyres and cement.
Surprisingly, the biggest problem off-gridders face is not building their homes or becoming self-sufficient but getting permission to build. Rural areas away from town are the perfect choice but these are often protected by law from construction of any kind or have building restrictions. There are now several websites dedicated to land-sharing so that the costs of buying land and getting permission can be shared, and there are increasing numbers of off-grid communities. ____50____ Off-gridding could soon be common all over Europe and America.
A. Many are self-sufficient, not just providing their own electricity, water and sewage systems, but in all aspects.
B. After you use the toilet, you flush it and the waste disappears.
C. This shift from individual to group off-gridding reflects the fact that the trend is growing noticeably.
D. They live in a huge variety of types of accommodation.
E. Living off-grid still has a long way to go before it becomes a mainstream way of living.
F. Rather than building permanent homes, vans or mobile homes or even old shipping containers are other options.
【答案】47. B 48. D 49. A 50. C
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新生活——脱离电网的生活。
【47题详解】
根据上文When you need electricity, you just plug in the machine and switch it on. If you need water, you turn on the tap.(你需要电的时候，只要把机器插上电源就可以了。如果你需要水，就打开水龙头)可知，此处是在讲述我们的日常生活。由此可知，B. After you use the toilet, you flush it and the waste disappears.(上完厕所后，冲一冲，排泄物就不见了)符合语境。故选B。
【48题详解】
根据下文It ranges from traditional yurts (a type of tent) to luxury house with high-speed internet and central heating.(它的范围从传统的蒙古包（一种帐篷）到带有高速互联网和中央供暖的豪华住宅)可知，D. They live in a huge variety of types of accommodation.(他们住在各种各样的住所里)符合语境。故选D。
【49题详解】
根据下文They grow their own food, home-school their children and provide their own medical care.(他们种植自己食物，在家教育他们的孩子，并提供自己的医疗保健)可知，A. Many are self-sufficient, not just providing their own electricity, water and sewage systems, but in all aspects. (许多人是自给自足的，不仅提供自己电力、水和排污系统，而且在各个方面都是自给自足的)符合语境。故选A。
【50题详解】
根据上文There are now several websites dedicated to land-sharing so that the costs of buying land and getting permission can be shared, and there are increasing numbers of off-grid communities.(现在有几个网站致力于土地共享，这样购买土地和获得许可的成本可以共享，而且越来越多的离网社区)及下文Off-gridding could soon be common all over Europe and America.(脱离电网的现象很快就会在欧洲和美国普遍存在)由此可知，C. This shift from individual to group off-gridding reflects the fact that the trend is growing noticeably.(这种从个体到群体的偏离反映了一个事实，即这一趋势正在显著增长)符合语境。故选C。
Ⅳ. Summary Writing
51.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
In spite of all of the years spent in school preparing to enter the workplace, many recent graduates say that they struggle with the transition from classroom to career world and have difficulty adjusting to life on the job.
Writer and editor Joseph Lewis suggests one reason why this is the case. Lewis believes that most of our school experiences — from childhood through university -are fairly predictable, while life in the working world is far more ambiguous. In school, for example, the pattern stays more or less the same from year to year. In the workplace, however, constant change is the norm, and one has to adapt quickly. A project you are working on this month might suddenly change next month or next week, and it’s often hard to anticipate what you’ll be doing six to twelve months from now.
Another problem that graduates entering the workforce encounter is that they are unprepared to think analytically. In school, many students including those in college, spend a lot of time memorizing facts and repeating what they “learned” on tests. But in the workplace employees are often expected to think critically and make decisions about their work, not just follow a supervisor’s instructions.
Finally, many recent graduates say that one of the biggest difficulties they face is adapting to teamwork on the job. In some ways, school does prepare one for collaborative nature of the workplace. Learners sit classes every day with many other students. They must listen to others’ opinions, participate at times in group discussions, and learn how to get along outside the classroom. Nevertheless, in school, a student normally works independently to complete most tasks and receives a grade according to how well he or she has done. In the workplace, however, employees must regularly interact with others and are often dependent on their co-workers for their success.
【答案】Many graduates have difficulty adjusting to work life with three problems. First, they can predict school experiences but cannot predict the ones in workplace. Second, they cannot think analytically. Finally, adapting to job’s teamwork is difficult. This article mentions a phenomenon and explain the reasons in three aspects with the comparisons between the school life and workplace life.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达考查概要写作。
【详解】概要写作是将阅读与写作有机结合，要求考生既能读懂文章信息，又要依据要求规范连贯地表达内容，其中准确概括很有挑战且十分重要，根据记叙文、议论文、说明文等不同文体作相应概括，总的来说，遵循以下步骤：确定主题句；寻找关键词；重构主题句；重组支持句。如本篇文章第一段引出话题：尽管在学校里为学生进入职场做了这么多年的准备，但许多应届毕业生很难适应工作中的生活；第二段指出大多数的学校经历都是相当可预测的，而工作中的生活则要模糊得多；第三段指出进入职场的毕业生面临的另一个问题是，他们没有准备好进行分析性思考；第四段指出他们面临的最大困难之一是如何适应工作中的团队合作。文章主要讲述了最近很多毕业生觉得无法适应工作生活，并分析了这种现象存在的原因。文章采取总分结构，先提出问题和现象，接着从三个方面分析原因，在分析过程中举出具体的例子进行学校生活和工作生活的对比从而支持论点。书写时注意使用适当的连接词连接这些要点，使上下句之间具有连贯性。概要写作的基础是理解语篇，而读懂语篇的基础是词汇，尤其是对关键词汇的掌握与运用。
第Ⅱ卷
Ⅰ
Translation
52. 在任何情况下，坚持原则、明辨是非都是明智的行为。(sense)
53. 发展中国家越来越多的人日收入超过1.9美元，象征着他们已经摆脱了极度贫困。(indicate)
54. 微信朋友圈的照片常常让人看了非常羡慕朋友们的生活，但他们的实际生活可能并不像照片看上去的那么吸引人。(as…as…)
55. 在高中毕业的这一刻，回首往事，我们再怎么感谢师长的教诲、同学的帮助和学校的包容都不为过。(cannot…too)
【答案】52. It makes sense in any circumstance to hold onto principle and distinguish right from wrong.
53. More and more people in developing countries can earn more than 1.9 dollars a day, which indicates they are living above the extreme.
54. The pictures posted on Wechat Moments often make people envy their friends’ lives very much, but their real lives might not be as attractive as the pictures showed us.
55. At the moment of graduation from Senior High School, recalling the past, we cannot be too grateful to teachers for their guidance, to classmates for their help and to the school for her tolerance.
【解析】
【52题详解】
考查It makes sense(that)…句型。分析句子可知，真正的主语是不定式to hold onto principle and distinguish right from wrong, 用It makes sense (that)…这一句型中it作形式主语，条件状语是in any circumstance；再根据其它汉语提示，故翻译为：It makes sense in any circumstance to hold onto principle and distinguish right from wrong.
【53题详解】
考查动词indicate及which引导的非限制性定语从句。分析句子可知，主语为从句more and more people in developing countries can earn more than 1.9 dollars a day，谓语为indicates(表明)，宾语为从句they are living above the extreme，此处that省略了；which引导的非限制性定语从句指代前边整个句子，再根据其它汉语提示，故翻译为：More and more people in developing countries can earn more than 1.9 dollars a day, which indicates they are living above the extreme.
【54题详解】
考查as+adj./adv.+as结构。分析句子可知，句子由表示转折关系的并列连词but连接，but之前的句子主语为the pictures posted on Wechat Moments，谓语为make，宾语为people，宾语补足语为envy their friends’ lives。but之后的句子主语为their real lives，谓语为might not be，表语为as attractive as the pictures showed us。as+ adj./adv. +as表示同级比较，第一个as后加形容词attractive，第二个as后加比较对象。再根据其它汉语提示，故翻译为：The pictures posted on Wechat Moments often make people envy their friends’ lives very much, but their real lives might not be as attractive as the pictures showed us.
【55题详解】
考查cannot…too结构。分析句子可知，主语为we，系动词为be，表语为grateful，be grateful to“对……心存感激”，to后加感激的对象teachers for their guidance, classmates for their help and the school for her tolerance，时间状语为at the moment of graduation from Senior High School。用cannot…too表示“再……也不为过”，这一双重否定表肯定的句型用来强调；再根据其它汉语提示，故翻译为：At the moment of graduation from Senior High School, recalling the past, we cannot be too grateful to teachers for their guidance, to classmates for their help and to the school for her tolerance.
Ⅱ
56.Guided writing
4月，《复仇者联盟》（ The avengers）迎来终章，《权利的游戏》（Game of Thrones）、《生活大爆炸》（The Big Bang Theory）等热播美剧也都进入了最终季。满怀着期待与不舍，我们终将见证初代复联英雄的谢幕战、画上冰与火之歌的休止符、告别“谢耳朵”引发的种种笑料与欢乐……俗话说，天下无不散之筵席，再美好的事物终究会有结束的一天，很多人放不下，很多人却将旧的结束看作新的开始。你是如何看待离别的呢？面对离别，你会怎么做？
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】In April, not only did the Avengers come to an end, but also popular American dramas such as Game of Thrones and The Big Bang Theory entered the final season. Full of expectation and sadness, we will witness the curtain call of the heroes and the tearful farewell to the Sheldon Cooper. No matter how beautiful things are, there will be an end. Some people can't let it go while others regard the old end as a new beginning.
I think parting is the normal in life. I will say goodbye to them rather than show our sadness. I will thank them for appearing in my life to bring us happiness and good time and accompanying me through a period of happiness that cannot be copied. When they finally leave, despite of being reluctant, I will not be sad, Because I know only when they leave, can we embrace a newer and better one, and have the next more wonderful.
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇开放性作文。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，4月，《复仇者联盟》（ The avengers）迎来终章，《权利的游戏》（Game of Thrones）、《生活大爆炸》（The Big Bang Theory）等热播美剧也都进入了最终季。满怀着期待与不舍，我们终将见证初代复联英雄的谢幕战、画上冰与火之歌的休止符、告别“谢耳朵”引发的种种笑料与欢乐……俗话说，天下无不散之筵席，再美好的事物终究会有结束的一天，很多人放不下，很多人却将旧的结束看作新的开始。你是如何看待离别的呢？面对离别，你会怎么做？
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：come to an end (结束)；the final season (最终季)；farewell to (永别)；regard…as (把……当做)；rather than (而不是)；reluctant (不情愿的)等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般现在时和一般将来时。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】本文要点完整，理由充分。文中运用了大量的高级句式，如由not only…but also…引导的并列句In April, not only did the Avengers come to an end, but also popular American dramas such as Game of Thrones and The Big Bang Theory entered the final season；由while引导的并列句Some people can't let it go while others regard the old end as a new beginning；由No matter how引导的状语从句No matter how beautiful things are, there will be an end；以及由only when引导的部分倒装I know only when they leave, can we embrace a newer and better one, and have the next more wonderful。此外还有非谓语作状语Filled with expectation and sadness, we will witness the curtain call of the heroes and the tearful farewell to the Sheldon Cooper等。
2022届上海外国语大学附属外国语学校高三下学期
三模英语试题
Ⅱ. Grammar and vocabulary
Directions: After reading the passage, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in the blank with the proper form of the given word; for the others, use one word that best fits each blank.
Electronic devices can seem like ____1____ “third party” in some relationships because some partners spend more time on them than with each other.
When Amanda Gao, a 26-year-old white-collar worker in Beijing, went to a hotpot restaurant with her boyfriend on Friday night several weeks ago, she expected that they would have a good time together. To her disappointment, however, it did not turn our that way later. As soon as they ____2____ (lead) to their seats and she began to order dishes, he buried himself in his mobile phone.
“It seemed that his phone was making its way ____3____ us. A date that ____4____ have belonged to us turned into one where my boyfriend dated a third party and I felt left out.” Gao said, Some people, like her, have found that electronics have been sabotaging (破坏) their romantic relationships.
A study, ____5____ (publish) in the journal Psychology of Popular Media Culture in April 2017, questioned nearly 200 college aged adults who were in committed relationships to report on their and their partner’s smartphone dependency. The results showed people who were more dependent ____6____ their phones were less sure about their relationships, and people who considered their partners excessively (过度地) dependent on their devices were ____7____ (satisfied) in their relationship.
Lin Yuan, a relationship advisor in Beijing, noted that ____8____ more and more electronics come out and spice up people’s lives, they are at the same time becoming a third party in relationships, especially for young people.
Lin said she knew of some people who suggest that electronics should be kept out of bedrooms, ____9____ she considered challenging and hard to be put into practice for most couples. She recommended that _____10_____ people are feeling neglected in their relationship, they need to respectfully let their partners know their feeling. “Communication is always the best and the most efficient way,” she said.
【答案】1. a 2. were led
3. between 4. should
5. published
6. on 7. less satisfied
8. as 9. which
10. if
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲到随着越来越多的电子产品面世，给人们的生活增添了情趣。但他们同时也成为了“第三者”，尤其是年轻人之间。这一存在的普遍现象影响了人们的关系。
【1题详解】
考查冠词。句意：在某些关系中，电子设备似乎是一个“第三者”，因为有些人花在电子设备上的时间比两人在一起的时间还多。分析句子，表示一个“第三者”，表示泛指，third首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。
【2题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：当他们被领到座位，她开始点餐时，他就埋头于手机。分析句子可知，主语和lead之间表示被动逻辑，且时间发生于过去时。所以用过去时的被动。故填were led。
【3题详解】
考查介词。句意：他的手机似乎在我们之间走来走去。分析句子可知，此处缺“两者之间”的介词。故填between。
【4题详解】
考查情态动词+have done。句意：一场本应属于我们的约会变成了我男朋友和第“三者”约会，我感到被冷落了。分析句子可知，此处表示对过去的猜测，should have done译为“本应该做某事确没有做某事”，此处符合句意。故填should。
【5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：2017年4月发表在《流行媒体文化心理学》杂志上的一项研究对近200名大学生进行了调查。分析句子可知，简单句中除了publish外还有动词questioned，故提示词需填非谓语动词。又因为publish和逻辑主语表示被动，所以用过去分词表示被动。故填published.
【6题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：结果显示，那些更依赖手机的人对他们的关系不太确定。be dependent on 译为“依赖于，依靠”是固定短语。故填on。
【7题详解】
考查形容词的比较级。句意：那些认为伴侣过分依赖他们的设备的人对他们的关系不太满意。分析句子可知，and前提到“过分依赖手机的人对关系不太确定”，该处用了形容词的比较级less sure。and前后级别一致，根据句意，此处也应用形容词的比较级。故填less satisfied。
【8题详解】
考查时间状语从句。句意：北京的关系顾问林媛（Lin Yuan）指出，随着越来越多的电子产品问世，给人们的生活增添了情趣，他们同时也成为了关系中的“第三者”，尤其是年轻人。分析句子可知，此处缺“随着”之意来引导后面的时间状语从句。故填as。
【9题详解】
考查非限制性定语从句。句意：林说，她认识一些人，他们建议把电子产品放在卧室外面，她认为这对大多数夫妇来说都很有挑战性，很难付诸实践。分析句子可知，设问处考查非限制性定语从句，从句部分缺宾语且先行词指代前面的主句部分内容。故which。
【10题详解】
考查条件状语从句。句意：她建议，如果人们在恋爱中感到被忽视，他们需要尊重地让伴侣知道他们的感受。分析句子，根据后面的“他们需要尊重地让伴侣知道他们的感受”可知，前句需表达“如果”感觉被忽略。所以此处需填if来引导条件状语从句。故填if。
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Robert Frost had aimed to be a poet since he was a teenager. But the American literary icon would not publish his first book of poetry until he was 39, and his best works would not follow until he was well into middle and old age. “Young people are good at discovering. They have a ____11____ here and there. It is like the stars coming out in the early evening,” he ____12____ at age 63, but “it is later in the dark of life that you see forms, patterns”
Frost’s ____13____ journey to fame during the dark of life, however, is far from the road less taken. Despite science society and silicon valley’s common belief that creativity, innovation and excellence are the near-exclusive province of the young, a surprising number of late bloomers mark the records of human history — women and men who ____14____ years of hardship, failure and missed opportunities before making an impact in the later stages of life. And once you move past the impressive stare of history’s Mozart-like geniuses, you find that late bloomers are quite ____15____: in fact, there are many more roads to becoming an old master than a young prodigy.
Sometimes you don’t discover your passion in life until you’ve done some other things first. Sometimes you don’t get the opportunity to make the most of your experiences until relatively late in life. Ray Kroc, the founder of McDonald’s, didn’t start building his business empire until he was 53 years old. Until that point, the former Red Cross ambulance driver was a traveling salesman, peddling milk shake machines and paper cups. “I was a(n) ____16____ success all right,” Kroc wrote in his autobiography, “but 30 years is a long, long night.”
Sometimes, instead of opportunities, life ____17____ obstacles on the road to success. It wasn’t until Laura Ingalls Wilder turned 65 that her epic Little House on the Prairie series was published. By then, she had already devoted decades to being a farm wife and mother, schoolteacher, loan officer and newspaper columnist, and she had endured more than her fair ____18____ of hardship, from droughts to house fires. Another influential writer, Miguel de Cervantes, wrote Don Quixote in his late 50s after an eventful life in which he spent years behind bars and as a captive of Barbary pirates.
Therefore, unlike the youthful genius, whose rocket-fast ____19____ impresses as well as depresses the rest of the world, the late bloomer demonstrates what is possible as people ______20______ their own versions of full bloom.
【答案】11. B 12. J
13. G 14. E
15. K 16. A
17. H 18. C
19. F 20. I
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述大器晚成者们在生命晚年获得成功之前要经历各种困难失败，要先从事其他事情，以及在他们通往成功的道路上布满阻碍。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：他们到处闪耀。分析句子可知，冠词a后需接名词。由后一句的“It is like the stars coming out in the early evening”可知，那就像在夜幕降临之际星星出现的样子。由此可见，他们就“像星星一样”闪耀。选项B. flash闪亮，闪光，符合语境。故选B。
【12题详解】
考查动词。句意：他在63岁时回想。分析句子可知，空格处缺失谓语动词，本句“at age 63”在63岁表达是一般过去时，空格谓语动词需用一般过去时。由前一句“Young people are good at discovering. They have a ____1____ here and there. It is like the stars coming out in the early evening”和后一句“but “it is later in the dark of life that you see forms, patterns””可知，年轻人善于发现。他们到处闪耀。那就像在夜幕降临之际星星出现的样子，但是只有在生命黑暗的后期，你才能看到形式和模式。由此可见，前后句是他在63岁时回想的感悟。选项J. reflected表达，反思，符合语境。故选J。
【13题详解】
考查形容词。句意：但是，在黑暗的生活期间弗罗斯特的漫长名望之旅远非是可以少走几段路。分析句子可知，名词journey前需用形容词修饰。由本句后半部分“远非是可以少走几段路”可知，弗罗斯特的名望之旅是漫长的。选项G. lengthy漫长的，符合语境。故选G。
【14题详解】
考查动词。句意：在生活的晚年产生影响之前，忍受数年苦难，失败，并且错失了机会的女人和男人们。分析句子可知，空格处缺失谓语动词。由本句的后半部分“并且错失了机会”可知，空格处表达的是和“错失了机会”一样不好的语境。选项E. endured忍受，和空格后的“hardship, failure”一起表达的是“忍受苦难，失败”，符合语境。故选E。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：你会发现大器晚成者们是相当多的：实际上，比起一个年轻的神童，有更多条路可以成为一名年老的大师。分析句子可知，be动词are后需接形容词。由本句的后半部分“有更多条路可以成为一名年老的大师”可知，大器晚成者们是相当多的。选项K. plentiful丰富的，许多的，符合语境。故选K。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：“我是一夜之间成功的”，克罗克在他的自传体种写道，“但是30年是一个很长，很长的夜晚。”分析句子可知，名词success前需用形容词修饰。由本句的后半部分“但是30年是一个很长，很长的夜晚。”可知，克罗克是一夜成功。选项A. overnight一夜的，突然的，符合语境。故选A。
【17题详解】
考查动词。句意：有时候，生活在成功的道路上放置的不是机遇而是障碍。分析句子可知，空格处缺失谓语动词，根据sometimes可知，谓语动词需用一般现在时。根据句意可知，在成功道路上的障碍是生活设置的。选项H. places放置，符合语境。故选H。
【18题详解】
考查名词。句意：在那之前，她已经将数十年奉献给了一个农场妻子和母亲，学校老师，信贷员以及新闻专栏作家，并且她所忍受的要比她应承担的困难，从旱灾到房屋着火，多得多。分析句子可知，形容词fair后要接名词。由空格后的“从旱灾到房屋着火的困难”可知，这些困难是她应承担的一份。选项C. share应承担的一份，符合语境。故选C。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：所以，不像年轻的天才们，他们像火箭一样快的提升给这个世界的其他人深刻印象，同时也使人沮丧。分析句子可知，形容词rocket-fast后要名词。由空格前的形容词“像火箭一样快的”可知，空格表达的是一种像火箭一样的上升趋势。选项F. rise上升，符合语境。故选F。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：大器晚成者们展示的是人们在追求他们自己的成功时，什么是可能的。分析句子可知，空格处缺失谓语动词。根据句意可知，人们对成功是一种追求。选项I. pursue追求，努力实现，符合语境。故选I。
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Today’s cinema has improved a great deal in presentation. Gone are the golden days when eager crowds were packed on wooden benches in poor buildings, which seemed to be about to ____21____ in the next minute. Audience were staring, with great interest, at the funny and amusing movements of silent figures on the screen. It was only through the body movements and facial expressions that the character’s feelings could be ____22____ to the audience. However, film goers all the same turned a blind eye to the ____23____ cinema surroundings and seemed crazy about almost all the films. Box office hits were a normal thing and stories about movie stars took full ____24____ of the newspapers. They were ____25____ with almost all positive wordings compared with today’s pitiful stars who are all the time alert to such news as divorces or affairs.
Nowadays, it is quite easy to find a cinema that exceeds the hotel luxury. Cinemas are spacious, well-lit places where one can kill time in comfort. Small favors offered by modern cinemas such as the well-printed booklets, which are ____26____ available, the mouth-watering snacks on sale and even the gifts are all sending the implied message to the audience that the film to watch will provide the equivalent ____27____. Audience, on the other hand, don’t always ____28____ the story. Before a film is released, the potential spectator is usually exposed to a(n) ____29____ of advertisements. Film trailers are seen everywhere and crew interviews are televised. And in tempting people to enter cinemas, second to none is _____30_____.People rely much no friends’ advice in choosing films.
Once the audience have settled on the chair, the cinema is learning from the theatre. The projectionists are to given the audience time to prepare themselves for the film. Talk first degrades to whisper then _____31_____ altogether. Spotlights are focused on the curtains which are drawn slowly apart, often in the _____32_____ of music, to reveal title of the film. Every detail has been designed so thoughtfully that the spectator will never actually see the _____33_____ screen, which will remind him all too sharply that what he is about to see is nothing but different shadows flashing on the white. However much the cinema tries to _____34_____ theatre, it fully succeeds. Nothing can _____35_____ the awe (敬畏) and sense of expectation felt by the audience as the curtain is slowly raised.
21. A. disappear B. collapse C. freeze D. rise
22. A. interpreted B. responded C. invented D. applied
23. A. special B. inferior C. standard D. loose
24. A. coverage B. use C. benefit D. responsibility
25. A. exposed B. reviewed C. overheard D. equipped
26. A. temporarily B. carefully C. readily D. traditionally
27. A. luxury B. expense C. convenience D. information
28. A. prove B. buy C. investigate D. convey
29. A. explosion B. promotion C. shift D. spread
30. A. walls of ears B. seeing is believing C. word of mouth D. grave of teeth
31. A. drives out B. wears out C. pays off D. dies away
32 A. company B. introduction C. benefit D. end
33. A. decorated B. distinct C. blank D. mechanical
34. A. imitate B. guide C. exploit D. replace
35. A. refer to B. compare with C. suffer from D. persist in
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. B 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. A 30. C 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文，介绍观影的历史变迁。以前的电影院观影环境不好，但人们依然趋之若鹜。现在观影环境好了许多，电影院通过多种方式吸引观众。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：过去热切的观众地挤在仿佛下一分钟就要倒塌似的破旧建筑物里的木凳上（观看电影），这样的日子一去不复返。A. disappear消失；B. collapse 坍塌 崩溃；C. freeze 冷冻；D. rise 升起。根据本句的poor building可知在这样破旧的建筑物当然容易“坍塌了”。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：观众只能通过演员的动作和面部表情来理解角色的情感。A. interpreted 理解 演绎；B. responded 反应；C. invented 发明；D. applied 申请 运用。根据前两句，因为过去电影没有声音，观众只能通过演员的表情动作来感受角色的情感。可知观众只能通过这样的方式来“理解”角色的情感的。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，电影爱好者依然无视低劣的电影院环境，对所有的电影趋之若鹜。A. special特别的；B. inferior下等的；C. standard标准的； D. loose 宽松的。根据前面第二句“eager crowds were packed on wooden benches in poor buildings”可知当时的观影条件相当恶劣，应该选择能表示负面环境情况的选项，因此排除A、C和D。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：票房排名相当常见，报纸满是有关明星的故事。A. coverage覆盖；B. use 使用；C. benefit 益处；D. responsibility 责任。根据前句观众对所以电影趋之若鹜和本句“票房排名随处可见”可知电影在当时很火，报纸满是有关明星的故事。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：与当今那些一直对离婚或风流韵事十分警惕的可怜的明星相比，当时的明星几乎都被溢美之词评论着。A. exposed 暴露； B. reviewed 复习 ，评论；C. overheard 无意听到；D. equipped 装备。根据前句newspapers和本句的all positive wordings可知本句是说报纸对当时明星有着积极的评论，故选B。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：现代电影院提供的小礼物，比如随处可见的印刷精美的小册子、促销中令人垂涎欲滴的小吃，甚至连礼物都在向观众暗示，观看的电影将带来同样的享受。A. temporarily暂时；B. carefully小心地； C. readily 容易地 ，乐意地；D. traditionally传统。根据常识，我们经常在电影院看到精美的小册子，这些小册子特别容易获得。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查名词词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. luxury奢侈 ，享受；B. expense 费用 ； C. convenience 方便；D. information 信息。电影院向公众送小礼物，目的是为了吸引让观众来看电影，让观众觉得即将要看的电影同样蛮让人享受的。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而观众并不总是相信你的话。A. prove 证明； B. buy 买相信；C. investigate 调查；D. convey 传达。本题考查固定搭配 buy one’s/the story，意为“相信某人的话”，故选B。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在电影发行前，潜在的观众通常会被铺天盖地的广告狂轰滥炸。A. explosion 爆炸 爆发；B. promotion 推销 升职；C. shift 转移 改变；D. spread 传播。本句中be exposed to sth意为“接触到某物”。根据本句的potential spectators可知在电影发行前，电影院已经有意识地把广告瞄准了这些潜在顾客，并对他们进行狂轰滥炸的宣传。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查短语词义辨析。句意：为了让观众走进电影院，电影的口碑相当重要。A. walls of ear耳壁；B. seeing is believing 眼见为实；C. word of mouth 口碑； D. grave of teeth 牙齿的坟墓。根据下句People rely much no friends’ advice in choosing films，可知人们会根据朋友建议来选择观看的电影，因此电影院必须做好宣传，让电影有好的口碑，以此来吸引更多的观众走人电影院。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查动词词组辨析。句意：谈话渐变为低语，再逐渐变得鸦雀无声。A. drives out 驱逐 淘汰；B. wears out 磨损 筋疲力尽；C. pays off 还清 回报；D. dies away (声音)变弱 逐渐消失。根据Talk first degrades to whisper ，可知本句在描述声音由大变小的过程，故选D。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：聚光灯通常伴随着音乐聚焦在缓缓拉开的幕布，以展露电影的片名。A. company陪伴， 伴随；B. introduction 介绍；C. benefit 益处；D. end 结束 尽头。聚光灯、幕布和音乐这些相互配合，为片面的出现作铺垫。聚光灯通常伴随着音乐聚焦在缓缓拉开的幕布，以展露电影的片名。故选A。
33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每一个细节都设计得如此周到，以至于观众永远不会真正看到空白的屏幕，这将提醒他，他即将看到的只是不同的阴影在白色上屏幕上的闪烁。A. decorated 装饰的；B. distinct 明显的 有区别的；C. blank 空白的；D. mechanical 机械的。本句向我们传达了电影院对细节的精选设计，以至观众投入其中，而几乎忘记了他们其实在看的只不过是空的屏幕而已（不是实实在在的真人表演）。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不管电影院模仿剧院多少，它的确很成功。A. imitate模仿；B. guide 引导；C. exploit开采；D. replace 取代。根据本段第一句the cinema is learning from the theatre可知电影院只不过是在学习模仿剧院，故选A。
【35题详解】
考查动词词组辨析。句意：当幕布缓缓升起时，没有什么能比得上观众感受到的那种敬畏感和期待感。A. refer to谈及 涉及；B. compare with 与…相比；C. suffer from 遭受；D. persist in 坚持。本题考查了固定句式，Nothing can…经常和compare with 搭配，表示“没什么能够于之相比”。结合上一句，电影院模仿剧院成功，说明产生了好的效果，没有什么能比得上观众感受到的那种敬畏感和期待感。故选B。
【点睛】做完形填空时，要注意选项的熟词生义现象。比如说本篇的第5小题，review在文中不是“复习”的意思，而是“评论”的意思。又比如本篇的第8小题，buy在文中并不是“买”的意思，而是 “相信”的意思。这些要靠平时有意识积累，做题时要根据语境来判断具体的意思。
Section B
Reading comprehension
A
Some plants get so hungry that they eat flies, spiders, and even small frogs. What’s more amazing is that these plants occur naturally (in special environments) in every state. In fact, they’re found on every continent except Antarctica.
You’ve probably seen a Venus’ flytrap. It’s often sold in museum gift stores, department stores, and even supermarkets. A small plant, it grows 6 to 8 inches tall in a container. At the end of its stalks (茎) are specially modified leaves that act like traps. Inside each trap is a lining of tiny trigger hairs. When an insect lands on them, the trap suddenly shuts. Over the course of a week or so, the plant feeds on its catch.
The Venus flytrap is just one of more than 500 species of meat-eating plants, says Barry Meyers-Rice, the editor of the International carnivorous (食肉的) Plant Society’ s Newsletter. Note: Despite any science-fiction stories you might have read, no meat-eating plant does any danger to humans.
Dr. Meyers-Rice says a plant is meat-eating, only if it does all four of the following “attract, kill, digest, and absorb” some from of insects, including flies, butterflies, and moths. Meat-eating plants look and act like other green plants -- well, most of the time.
All green plants make sugar through a process called photosynthesis (光合作用). Plants use the sugar to make food. What makes “meat-eating” plants different is their bug-catching leaves. They need insects for one reason: nitrogen. Nitrogen is a nutrient that they can’t obtain any other way. While almost all green plants on our planet get nitrogen from the soil, “meat-eating” plants can’t. They live in places where nutrients are hard or almost impossible to get from the soil because of its acidity. So they’ve come to rely on getting nitrogen from insects and small animals. In fact, nutrient-rich soil is poisonous to “meat-eating” plants. Never fertilize them! But don’t worry, either, if they never seem to catch any insects. They can survive, but they’ll grow very slowly.
36. According to the passage, carnivorous plants ________.
A. only grow in wild field B. are rare to see
C. are as common as flies D. cannot grow on Antarctica
37. Venus flytrap preys on insects with ________.
A. its numerous long an thin stalks B. a container where it grows
C. its insect-catching leaves D. the lining of tiny trigger hairs
38. We can conclude from the third paragraph that ________.
A. carnivorous plants are dangerous
B. carnivorous plants are fictional
C. carnivorous plants occasionally eat book
D. carnivorous plants are harmless to humans
39. In the eyes of the author, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Carnivorous plants cannot grow in acid soil
B. Carnivorous plants can grow in nutrient-poor soil
C. Carnivorous plants will die if they cannot catch any insects
D. Carnivorous plants can get nitrogen from nutrient-rich soil
【答案】36. D 37. C 38. D 39. B
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章以捕蝇草为例主要介绍了食肉植物的生长地方、捕食猎物的方式以及它们捕捉昆虫的原因。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的最后一句“In fact, they’re found on every continent except Antarctica.”可知，除了南极洲，其他大陆都有食肉植物的踪影。故选D项。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At the end of its stalks (茎) are specially modified leaves that act like traps. Inside each trap is a lining of tiny trigger hairs. When an insect lands on them, the trap suddenly shuts. ”可知，捕蝇草茎的末端是经过特殊改造的类似陷阱一样的叶子，每个陷阱里都有一个小小的刺针。当昆虫落在它们身上时，陷阱突然关闭。由此可知，捕蝇草捕食昆虫是用了专门捕虫的叶子。故选C项。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的最后一句“Note: Despite any science-fiction stories you might have read, no meat-eating plant does any danger to humans.”可知，但食肉植物对人类是没有任何伤害的。由此可推知，食肉植物对人类是无害的。故选D项。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“In fact, nutrient-rich soil is poisonous to “meat-eating” plants. Never fertilize them! But don’t worry, either, if they never seem to catch any insects. They can survive, but they’ll grow very slowly.”可知，营养丰富的土壤对食肉植物是有毒的。永远不要给它们施肥！但如果它们不能抓到昆虫的话也别担心。它们是能活下来的，只不过生长的很慢。由此可知，食肉植物可以在贫瘠的土壤中生长。故选B项。
B
The Honors Program in Biochemistry Molecular Biology (HPBMB) is offered mature high school seniors with strong academic ability and achievement who seek careers in biological or biomedical science. Students can earn both a bachelor of Science (B.S.) and a doctor of Philosophy Degree (Ph.D.) in approximately 6 years.
Applicants to the Honors Program in biochemistry Molecular Biology must be in their last year of high school.
Undergraduates will have the opportunity to work with top-level research scientist in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and also in clinical laboratories with scientist that are associated with the department. They will conduct intensive laboratory work in the areas of biochemistry, molecular biology or nutritional biochemistry starting in the summer before their first fall semester starts. By spring of their junior year, students will prepare an undergraduate thesis as preparation for their entry into graduate school. At that time they will start taking graduate courses and continue to do research with a graduate faculty member.
To be considered students must:
● have a combined SAT Ⅰ score of 1400 (combined Math and critical Reading scores)
● meet the SAT Ⅱ score requirement of at least 600 in Math, and one science (Biology, Chemistry or Physics)
● have completed eight semesters of English and mathematics and two semesters each of biology and chemistry by the time they graduate from high school
● complete all components of your Common Application for undergraduate admission by November I of your senior year
● complete a supplemental application from for the Honors Program in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
● include a counselor recommendation, three letters of recommendation from teachers in support of your application to the Honors Program and a personal statement
Send all Dual admission Honors Program application materials to:
Dual Admission Honors Programs
Office of admission
University of Miami
P.O. Box 248025
Coral Gables, FL 33124-4616
Fax number: (513)529-7592 (513)529-1950
For more information on the hpbmb, contact:
Dr. Thomas K. Harris
Director, Undergraduate and Medical Education
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Office: Gautier Building, Room 111
Phone: 305-243-3358
E-Mail: tkharrislamiami.edu
40. We can learn from the passage that ________.
A. Grade one students in a high school can apply for the program.
B. it’s possible for graduates to obtain both a bachelor’s degree and a doctor’s degree.
C. graduates are promised to have a chance to work with top biomedical scientists.
D. a thesis is not necessary if an undergraduate wants to go to graduate school.
41. Which of the following is an unnecessary requirement for application?
A. A combined sat I score of 1400.
B. A combined sat ll score of 600 in Math and one science.
C. Three letters of recommendation from his teachers.
D. A letter of recommendation from the principal.
42. What’s the purpose of this passage?
A. To tell the students how to learn well in Biochemistry Molecular Biology.
B. To introduce a very famous university “University of Miami”.
C. To attract excellent high school graduates to apply for the Honors Program.
D. To give information on how to contact Director of the Honors Program.
【答案】40. B 41. D 42. C
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。讲述了荣誉课程的诸多好处和报名要求以及报名方式等
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Students can earn both a bachelor of Science (B.S.) and a doctor of Philosophy Degree (Ph.D.) in approximately 6 years.”可知，学生可以同时获得理科学士学位和哲学博士学位，所以B正确，故选B。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据“have a combined SAT Ⅰ score of 1400”可知A项为申请必需要求，排除A；根据“meet the SAT Ⅱ score requirement of at least 600 in Math, and one science”可知B项为申请必需要求，排除B；根据“three letters of recommendation from teachers”可知C项为申请必需要求，排除C；根据“include a counselor recommendation, three letters of recommendation from teachers in support of your application to the Honors Program and a personal statement”可知，需要的有一个咨询师的推荐、三封来自老师的推荐信和一份自我陈述，并不需要校长的推荐信，故D不是申请必需要求，选D。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章主题句The Honors Program in Biochemistry Molecular Biology (HPBMB) is offered mature high school seniors with strong academic ability and achievement who seek careers in biological or biomedical science.（生物化学分子生物学荣誉课程是为那些在生物或生物医学领域寻求职业发展的具有较强学术能力和成就的成熟高中毕业生提供的。）结合全文内容，可知文章讲述了荣誉课程的诸多好处和报名要求以及报名方式等，所以文章的目的是为了吸引优秀毕业生申请荣誉课程。故选C。
C
Philosophy of Education is a label applied to the study of the purpose, process, nature and ideals of education. It can be considered a branch of both philosophy and education. Education can be defined as the teaching and learning of specific skills, and the imparting of knowledge, judgment and wisdom, and is something broader than the societal institution of education we often speak of.
Many educationalists consider it a weak and imprecise field, too far removed from the practical applications of the real world to be useful. But philosophers dating back to Plato and the Ancient Greeks have given the area much thought and emphasis, and there is little doubt that their work has helped shape the practice of education over the millennia.
Plato is the earliest important educational thinker, and education is an essential element in “The Republic” (his most important work on philosophy and political theory, written around 360 B.C.). In it, he advocates some rather extreme methods: removing children from their mothers’ care and raising them as wards of the state, and differentiating children suitable to the various castes(社会等级), the highest receiving the most education, so that they could act as guardians of the city and care for the less able. He believed that education should be holistic(全面的), including facts, skills, physical discipline, music and art. Plato believed that talent and intelligence is not distributed genetically and thus is to be found in children born to all classes, although his proposed system of selective public education for an educated minority of the population does not really follow a democratic model.
Aristotle considered human nature, habit and reason to be equally important forces to be cultivated in education, the ultimate aim of which should be to produce good and virtuous citizens. He proposed that teachers lead their students systematically, and that repetition be used as a key tool to develop good habits, unlike Socrates’ emphasis on questioning his listeners to bring out their own ideas. He emphasized the balancing of the theoretical and practical aspects of subjects taught, among which he clearly mentions reading, writing, mathematics, music, physical education, literature, history, and a wide range of sciences, as well as play, which he also considered important.
During the period of Middle Age, the idea of Perennialism was first formulated by St. Thomas Aquinas in his work “De Magistro”. Perennialism holds that one should teach those things deemed to be of everlasting importance to all people everywhere, namely principles and reasoning, not just facts (which are apt to change over time), and that one should teach first about people, not machines or techniques. It was originally religious in nature, and it was only much later that a theory of worldly Perennialism developed.
During the Renaissance(文艺复兴), the French doubter Michel de Montaigne (1533 - 1592) was one of the first to critically look at education. Unusually for his time, Montaigne was willing to question the conventional wisdom of the period, calling into question the whole structure of the educational system, and the assumption that university-educated philosophers were necessarily wiser than uneducated farm workers, for example.
43. Why do many educationists consider philosophy a ‘weak and imprecise field’?
A. It is the practical applications of the real world.
B. Its theoretical concepts are easily understood.
C. It is irrelevant for education.
D. It is not practically applicable.
44. What is the difference between the approaches of Socrates and Aristotle?
A. Aristotle felt the need for repetition to develop good habits in students; Socrates felt that students need to be constantly questioned.
B. Aristotle felt the need for rote-learning; Socrates emphasized on dialogic learning.
C. There was no difference.
D. Aristotle emphasized on the importance of paying attention to human nature; Socrates emphasized upon science.
45. According to the passage, the underlined word “Perennialism” most probably refers to something _____________
A. that is unnecessary. B. that is of ceaseless importance.
C. that is abstract and theoretical. D. that exists no more.
46. Why did Aquinas propose a model of education which did not lay much emphasis on facts?
A. Facts are not important.
B. Facts do not lead to holistic education.
C. Facts change with the changing times.
D. Facts are frozen in time.
【答案】43. D 44. A 45. B 46. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几位历史上几位最著名的哲学家柏拉图、亚里士多德、苏格拉底、阿奎那以及蒙田的教育理论。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Many educationalists consider it a weak and imprecise field, too far removed from the practical applications of the real world to be useful.”可知，很多教育家认为哲学是一个薄弱而不精确的领域是因为他们认为哲学并不实用，故D项正确。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Aristotle considered human nature…and that repetition be used as a key tool to develop good habits, unlike Socrates’ emphasis on questioning his listeners to bring out their own ideas.”可知，亚里士多德认为应该将重复作为培养良好习惯的关键工具，苏格拉底则认为应该通过不断地提问学生来引出自己的观点，故A项正确。
【45题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“Perennialism holds that one should teach those things deemed to be of everlasting importance to all people everywhere, namely principles and reasoning, not just facts”可知，永恒主义认为一个人应该教授那些对世界上所有人都重要的东西，即原则和推理，而不仅仅是事实，由此可知Perennialism指的是非常重要的理论，故B项正确。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“…not just facts (which are apt to change over time)”可知，阿奎那提出一种不注重事实的教育模式是因为事实随着时间的变化而变化，故C项正确。
【点睛】本文介绍了几位历史上几位最著名的哲学家对教育的理论，由于话题原因比较难理解，难度很大，涉及到对比人物观点的时候，我们可以利用定位法，根据题干中出现的人物快速在文中找到对应的内容，例如第2题，题干问的是亚里士多德和苏格拉底教学方法的不同之处，根据题干中的Socrates and Aristotle我们定位第四段中的“Aristotle considered human nature…and that repetition be used as a key tool to develop good habits, unlike Socrates’ emphasis on questioning his listeners to bring out their own ideas.”可知，亚里士多德认为应该将重复作为培养良好习惯的关键工具，不像苏格拉底认为应该通过不断地提问学生来引出自己的观点。故选A项。
D
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given behind. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Living off grid
When you need electricity, you just plug in the machine and switch it on. If you need water, you turn on the tap. ____47____ For many people, these facilities are the basics of civilized society and the idea of living without them seems risky. Yet for a growing number of people, the idea of living off grid — without electricity, water or sewage — is an increasingly attractive lifestyle.
Off-gridders do not have to give up electricity or a modern lifestyle — some choose to, but most use small hydroelectric power systems, solar panels or windmills to generate enough power for their needs. Heating and cooking needs are met by solar energy or wood burning systems, and toilet facilities range from non-water toilets to outside compost toilets. ____48____ It ranges from traditional yurts (a type of tent) to luxury house with high-speed internet and central heating. Whether they live in simple homes or luxury houses, what they all have in common is that their lifestyles do not create any pollution or carbon emissions — the ultimate goal for off-gridders.
Around 100,000 people are thought to be living off grid in the UK now. ____49____ They grow their own food, home-school their children and provide their own medical care. They are people who have been priced out of the housing market or who have grown disillusioned with what modern society can offer and who decides that an alternative lifestyle isn’t a pipe dream, but a viable option.
A part from living an alternative lifestyle, cost is a big factor in choosing to live off-grid. Off-grid houses are far cheaper to build than ordinary homes since they don’t need to be connected to the electricity or water supplies and even road access is not necessary. Materials tend to be cheaper, too. Popular options include straw or old tyres and cement.
Surprisingly, the biggest problem off-gridders face is not building their homes or becoming self-sufficient but getting permission to build. Rural areas away from town are the perfect choice but these are often protected by law from construction of any kind or have building restrictions. There are now several websites dedicated to land-sharing so that the costs of buying land and getting permission can be shared, and there are increasing numbers of off-grid communities. ____50____ Off-gridding could soon be common all over Europe and America.
A. Many are self-sufficient, not just providing their own electricity, water and sewage systems, but in all aspects.
B. After you use the toilet, you flush it and the waste disappears.
C. This shift from individual to group off-gridding reflects the fact that the trend is growing noticeably.
D. They live in a huge variety of types of accommodation.
E. Living off-grid still has a long way to go before it becomes a mainstream way of living.
F. Rather than building permanent homes, vans or mobile homes or even old shipping containers are other options.
【答案】47. B 48. D 49. A 50. C
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新生活——脱离电网的生活。
【47题详解】
根据上文When you need electricity, you just plug in the machine and switch it on. If you need water, you turn on the tap.(你需要电的时候，只要把机器插上电源就可以了。如果你需要水，就打开水龙头)可知，此处是在讲述我们的日常生活。由此可知，B. After you use the toilet, you flush it and the waste disappears.(上完厕所后，冲一冲，排泄物就不见了)符合语境。故选B。
【48题详解】
根据下文It ranges from traditional yurts (a type of tent) to luxury house with high-speed internet and central heating.(它的范围从传统的蒙古包（一种帐篷）到带有高速互联网和中央供暖的豪华住宅)可知，D. They live in a huge variety of types of accommodation.(他们住在各种各样的住所里)符合语境。故选D。
【49题详解】
根据下文They grow their own food, home-school their children and provide their own medical care.(他们种植自己食物，在家教育他们的孩子，并提供自己的医疗保健)可知，A. Many are self-sufficient, not just providing their own electricity, water and sewage systems, but in all aspects. (许多人是自给自足的，不仅提供自己电力、水和排污系统，而且在各个方面都是自给自足的)符合语境。故选A。
【50题详解】
根据上文There are now several websites dedicated to land-sharing so that the costs of buying land and getting permission can be shared, and there are increasing numbers of off-grid communities.(现在有几个网站致力于土地共享，这样购买土地和获得许可的成本可以共享，而且越来越多的离网社区)及下文Off-gridding could soon be common all over Europe and America.(脱离电网的现象很快就会在欧洲和美国普遍存在)由此可知，C. This shift from individual to group off-gridding reflects the fact that the trend is growing noticeably.(这种从个体到群体的偏离反映了一个事实，即这一趋势正在显著增长)符合语境。故选C。
Ⅳ. Summary Writing
51.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
In spite of all of the years spent in school preparing to enter the workplace, many recent graduates say that they struggle with the transition from classroom to career world and have difficulty adjusting to life on the job.
Writer and editor Joseph Lewis suggests one reason why this is the case. Lewis believes that most of our school experiences — from childhood through university -are fairly predictable, while life in the working world is far more ambiguous. In school, for example, the pattern stays more or less the same from year to year. In the workplace, however, constant change is the norm, and one has to adapt quickly. A project you are working on this month might suddenly change next month or next week, and it’s often hard to anticipate what you’ll be doing six to twelve months from now.
Another problem that graduates entering the workforce encounter is that they are unprepared to think analytically. In school, many students including those in college, spend a lot of time memorizing facts and repeating what they “learned” on tests. But in the workplace employees are often expected to think critically and make decisions about their work, not just follow a supervisor’s instructions.
Finally, many recent graduates say that one of the biggest difficulties they face is adapting to teamwork on the job. In some ways, school does prepare one for collaborative nature of the workplace. Learners sit classes every day with many other students. They must listen to others’ opinions, participate at times in group discussions, and learn how to get along outside the classroom. Nevertheless, in school, a student normally works independently to complete most tasks and receives a grade according to how well he or she has done. In the workplace, however, employees must regularly interact with others and are often dependent on their co-workers for their success.
【答案】Many graduates have difficulty adjusting to work life with three problems. First, they can predict school experiences but cannot predict the ones in workplace. Second, they cannot think analytically. Finally, adapting to job’s teamwork is difficult. This article mentions a phenomenon and explain the reasons in three aspects with the comparisons between the school life and workplace life.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达考查概要写作。
【详解】概要写作是将阅读与写作有机结合，要求考生既能读懂文章信息，又要依据要求规范连贯地表达内容，其中准确概括很有挑战且十分重要，根据记叙文、议论文、说明文等不同文体作相应概括，总的来说，遵循以下步骤：确定主题句；寻找关键词；重构主题句；重组支持句。如本篇文章第一段引出话题：尽管在学校里为学生进入职场做了这么多年的准备，但许多应届毕业生很难适应工作中的生活；第二段指出大多数的学校经历都是相当可预测的，而工作中的生活则要模糊得多；第三段指出进入职场的毕业生面临的另一个问题是，他们没有准备好进行分析性思考；第四段指出他们面临的最大困难之一是如何适应工作中的团队合作。文章主要讲述了最近很多毕业生觉得无法适应工作生活，并分析了这种现象存在的原因。文章采取总分结构，先提出问题和现象，接着从三个方面分析原因，在分析过程中举出具体的例子进行学校生活和工作生活的对比从而支持论点。书写时注意使用适当的连接词连接这些要点，使上下句之间具有连贯性。概要写作的基础是理解语篇，而读懂语篇的基础是词汇，尤其是对关键词汇的掌握与运用。
第Ⅱ卷
Ⅰ
Translation
52. 在任何情况下，坚持原则、明辨是非都是明智的行为。(sense)
53. 发展中国家越来越多的人日收入超过1.9美元，象征着他们已经摆脱了极度贫困。(indicate)
54. 微信朋友圈的照片常常让人看了非常羡慕朋友们的生活，但他们的实际生活可能并不像照片看上去的那么吸引人。(as…as…)
55. 在高中毕业的这一刻，回首往事，我们再怎么感谢师长的教诲、同学的帮助和学校的包容都不为过。(cannot…too)
【答案】52. It makes sense in any circumstance to hold onto principle and distinguish right from wrong.
53. More and more people in developing countries can earn more than 1.9 dollars a day, which indicates they are living above the extreme.
54. The pictures posted on Wechat Moments often make people envy their friends’ lives very much, but their real lives might not be as attractive as the pictures showed us.
55. At the moment of graduation from Senior High School, recalling the past, we cannot be too grateful to teachers for their guidance, to classmates for their help and to the school for her tolerance.
【解析】
【52题详解】
考查It makes sense(that)…句型。分析句子可知，真正的主语是不定式to hold onto principle and distinguish right from wrong, 用It makes sense (that)…这一句型中it作形式主语，条件状语是in any circumstance；再根据其它汉语提示，故翻译为：It makes sense in any circumstance to hold onto principle and distinguish right from wrong.
【53题详解】
考查动词indicate及which引导的非限制性定语从句。分析句子可知，主语为从句more and more people in developing countries can earn more than 1.9 dollars a day，谓语为indicates(表明)，宾语为从句they are living above the extreme，此处that省略了；which引导的非限制性定语从句指代前边整个句子，再根据其它汉语提示，故翻译为：More and more people in developing countries can earn more than 1.9 dollars a day, which indicates they are living above the extreme.
【54题详解】
考查as+adj./adv.+as结构。分析句子可知，句子由表示转折关系的并列连词but连接，but之前的句子主语为the pictures posted on Wechat Moments，谓语为make，宾语为people，宾语补足语为envy their friends’ lives。but之后的句子主语为their real lives，谓语为might not be，表语为as attractive as the pictures showed us。as+ adj./adv. +as表示同级比较，第一个as后加形容词attractive，第二个as后加比较对象。再根据其它汉语提示，故翻译为：The pictures posted on Wechat Moments often make people envy their friends’ lives very much, but their real lives might not be as attractive as the pictures showed us.
【55题详解】
考查cannot…too结构。分析句子可知，主语为we，系动词为be，表语为grateful，be grateful to“对……心存感激”，to后加感激的对象teachers for their guidance, classmates for their help and the school for her tolerance，时间状语为at the moment of graduation from Senior High School。用cannot…too表示“再……也不为过”，这一双重否定表肯定的句型用来强调；再根据其它汉语提示，故翻译为：At the moment of graduation from Senior High School, recalling the past, we cannot be too grateful to teachers for their guidance, to classmates for their help and to the school for her tolerance.
Ⅱ
56.Guided writing
4月，《复仇者联盟》（ The avengers）迎来终章，《权利的游戏》（Game of Thrones）、《生活大爆炸》（The Big Bang Theory）等热播美剧也都进入了最终季。满怀着期待与不舍，我们终将见证初代复联英雄的谢幕战、画上冰与火之歌的休止符、告别“谢耳朵”引发的种种笑料与欢乐……俗话说，天下无不散之筵席，再美好的事物终究会有结束的一天，很多人放不下，很多人却将旧的结束看作新的开始。你是如何看待离别的呢？面对离别，你会怎么做？
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】In April, not only did the Avengers come to an end, but also popular American dramas such as Game of Thrones and The Big Bang Theory entered the final season. Full of expectation and sadness, we will witness the curtain call of the heroes and the tearful farewell to the Sheldon Cooper. No matter how beautiful things are, there will be an end. Some people can't let it go while others regard the old end as a new beginning.
I think parting is the normal in life. I will say goodbye to them rather than show our sadness. I will thank them for appearing in my life to bring us happiness and good time and accompanying me through a period of happiness that cannot be copied. When they finally leave, despite of being reluctant, I will not be sad, Because I know only when they leave, can we embrace a newer and better one, and have the next more wonderful.
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇开放性作文。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，4月，《复仇者联盟》（ The avengers）迎来终章，《权利的游戏》（Game of Thrones）、《生活大爆炸》（The Big Bang Theory）等热播美剧也都进入了最终季。满怀着期待与不舍，我们终将见证初代复联英雄的谢幕战、画上冰与火之歌的休止符、告别“谢耳朵”引发的种种笑料与欢乐……俗话说，天下无不散之筵席，再美好的事物终究会有结束的一天，很多人放不下，很多人却将旧的结束看作新的开始。你是如何看待离别的呢？面对离别，你会怎么做？
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：come to an end (结束)；the final season (最终季)；farewell to (永别)；regard…as (把……当做)；rather than (而不是)；reluctant (不情愿的)等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般现在时和一般将来时。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】本文要点完整，理由充分。文中运用了大量的高级句式，如由not only…but also…引导的并列句In April, not only did the Avengers come to an end, but also popular American dramas such as Game of Thrones and The Big Bang Theory entered the final season；由while引导的并列句Some people can't let it go while others regard the old end as a new beginning；由No matter how引导的状语从句No matter how beautiful things are, there will be an end；以及由only when引导的部分倒装I know only when they leave, can we embrace a newer and better one, and have the next more wonderful。此外还有非谓语作状语Filled with expectation and sadness, we will witness the curtain call of the heroes and the tearful farewell to the Sheldon Cooper等。
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