外研版高中英语选择性必修第三册Unit2Alife’sworkSectionⅡUsinglanguage基础训练含解析

Unit 2 A life’s work Section Ⅱ Using language

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空

1.By the time I was in my 20s, I was building a         successful       (success) career in advertising.

2.Lottery winners’ windfalls are found in multiple        scientific       (science) studies not to affect overall senses of well-being.

3.In our hearts we Chinese will always cherish him as a         founder       (found) of our Party and our state.

4.The         performer       (perform) seemed quite at home anywhere between a horse’s head and its tail.

5.As a demanding boss, he expected total loyalty and         dedication       (dedicate) from his employees.

6.Bringing up a child alone should give you a sense of         achievement       (achieve).

7.We want to highlight the academic achievement because I hope this is just the first of many academic         celebrations       (celebrate).

8.None of them could have imagined the very needle and thread they use to make         traditional       (tradition) Miao clothing could be their way out.

9.The written application shall clearly state the facts and time of the         disappearance       (disappear) and the requests.

10.It is         desirable       (desire) that we should provide food for the poor at Christmas.

Ⅱ. 语境选词

1.He         was born into       a family with three brothers and valued the sense of sharing.

2.A team of experts who         are experienced in       the investigation of outbreaks have been sent to the disaster areas.

3.The members in the club are required to meet         on a daily basis     , discussing every possible problem in detail.

4.Winning the game         is crucial to       the team, for the result will decide whether it will defend its championship.

5.In the distance,       a flock of       sheep are ranging on the grassland.

6.Those who have made contributions to science are the ones who have worked the hardest and have not been afraid to         break new ground     .

7.Your suggestion         has contributed to       the accomplishment of our work.

8.He determined not         to back down     ; after all, there were so many people in support of him.

Ⅲ. 完成句子

1.问题是什么时候我们可以得到加薪。

The problem is         when we can get       a pay rise.

2.他的建议是, 我们应该保持冷静。

His suggestion is         that we should stay calm     .

3.这把剪刀不是我所需要的。

The scissors are not         what I need     .

4.那就是我来的原因。

That is         why I came     .

5.问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。

The problem is         how we can get       the things we need.

6.问题是, 明天谁将与我去北京。

The question is         who will go       with me to Beijing tomorrow.

7.那就是我想要对你讲的。

That is         what I want to tell       you.

8.这是我15岁时发生的事。

That was         when I was fifteen     .

9.又不是你永远离开。

It isn’t         as if you were going away       for ever.

素养综合练

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

（2021福建莆田一中期末）

A rainy day can be a chance to recharge. While you relaxed on the sofa with a movie, the raindrops falling on your windows might one day provide the power for your TV. This is the idea behind an invention that harvests energy from water.

The technology is based on the triboelectric （摩擦电的）effect. An engineer at the University of Hawaii, David Ma knew that it’s possible to generate electricity by rubbing two things together. So, he thought, “Why don’t we use water?”

A drop of water sliding across a surface coated with two different materials would generate enough friction to create an electrical charge. By placing metal wires that the drop of water touched as it moved, it should be possible to harvest electricity, he reasoned.

It worked. In fact, the researchers lit up 15 LED bulbs with a single moving water drop.

This is not the first time that scientists have got electricity from water-generated friction（摩擦）. Earlier experiments, though, harvested the charge produced in a surface by a sliding drop of water. There, the surface had acted as an electrode（电极）. This is different. The energy of friction is being harvested from the water itself.

“It turns out,” Ma says, “the charge in the water dropis way more than the charge produced in the other electrode.” In fact, his team’s model generated almost 100 times more power than previous experiments from a single drop of water.

“The technology could someday power phones, sensors or other small electronics,” says Christopher Oshman, an engineer at the Colorado School of Mines. “This work is a step toward harvesting the energy of moving objects all around us, including ourselves, to power the electronic appliances we use every day,” he says.

Ma has shown that the technology can work in a lab, Oshman says. Next, the Colorado researcher would like to see it tried on a larger scale, such as on an umbrella.

1.How did the author introduce the topic of the text?

A.By telling a story.

B.By raising a question.

C.By giving an example.

D.By imagining a situation.

2.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A.The wire.B.The drop of water.

C.The surface.D.The electricity.

3.What is unique about Ma’s technique compared with earlier experiments?

A.The water itself acts as an electrode.

B.It is based on the triboelectric effect.

C.It produces electricity from water-made friction.

D.It uses a surface coated with two different materials.

4.What does Oshman say about Ma’s technology?

A.It has a promising future.

B.It will do well on an umbrella.

C.It works well in the real world.

D.It will replace batteries someday.

答案：1.D

解析：1.[语篇解读]  本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了夏威夷大学的工程师David Ma认为摩擦两件东西来发电是可能的。因此水滴也可以通过滑动产生电。事实上, 研究人员用一颗移动的水滴点亮了15个LED灯泡。这项技术有一天可以为手机、传感器或其他小型电子产品提供动力, 进行大规模的应用。

【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第一段A rainy day can be…energy from water. 可知, 雨天可能是一个充电的机会。当你在沙发上看电影放松时, 落在窗户上的雨滴也许有一天会为你的电视提供能量。这就是一项从水中获取能量的发明背后的理念。由此可知, 作者通过想象一个情景, 引出文章的主题, 故选D项。

答案：2.B

解析：2.【命题立意】代词指代题。【解题思路】上文By placing metal wires that the drop of water touched as it moved说通过放置金属丝, 水滴在移动时接触到金属丝。由此可知, 下文it should be possible to harvest electricity的意思是水滴应该可以获得电力。it指的是水滴, 故选B项。

答案：3.A

解析：3.【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】倒数第四段中提到Earlier experiments, though…from the water itself., 由此可知, 与早期的实验相比, Ma的技术的独特之处在于水本身起着电极的作用, 摩擦的能量可以从水本身获取。故选A项。

答案：4.A

解析：4.【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】倒数第二段提到“The technology could someday…appliances we use every day,” he says., 由此推断出, Oshman认为Ma的技术有一个光明的未来。故选A项。

Ⅱ. 语法填空

A

Every culture has it’s own folklore. Folklore is a collection of tales and bits of       1       (wise) that teach students how to behave and think. It includes legends, songs, art, tales, myths and proverbs. People pass on folklore from one generation to the next.

Folklore helps keep history alive. For example, legends are folktales that       2       (base) on true stories. The plain truth about history is not always       3       (excite). To keep listeners interested, a storyteller invents details. The tale becomes so interesting that people retell       4       many times. Then it becomes a legend.

Tall tales are folktales that mix the truth       5       fiction, or events that did not really happen. People sometimes tell tall tales to fool people.      6       example of a tall tale is the story about Paul Bunyan, the giant lumberjack, or woodcutter. The tale says that Bunyan’s clothes were so large that his shirt buttons were wagon wheels. Tales about Bunyan took place at his lumber camp. The tales are fun       7       (hear). They also show what life was like in a lumber camp.

Myths are folktales that describe the       8       (create) of the world. They describe how the first human beings       9       (come) into the world. Myths focus on gods or heavenly beings. The gods may be humans or animals in form. The first people to tell myths thought that the stories were true-and       10       did their listeners. Myths may teach about the beliefs and values of a group of people.

1.   2.   3.   4.   5.

6.   7.   8.   9.   10.

答案：1.wisdom

解析：1.[语篇解读]  本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了民间故事的定义, 并介绍了几种民间故事的历史。

考查名词。句意：民间故事是教导学生如何表现和思考的故事和智慧的集合。根据介词of可知, 设空处应用名词作宾语。故填wisdom。

答案：2.are based

解析：2.考查固定短语和主谓一致。句意：例如, 传说是基于真实故事的民间故事。be based on表示“以……为根据”; 此处定语从句的先行词folktales为复数, 从句中的谓语动词应用复数形式, 且句子陈述的是客观事实, 应使用一般现在时。故填are based。

答案：3.exciting

解析：3.考查形容词。句意：历史的朴素真相并不总是令人兴奋的。结合句意可知, 设空处应填形容词, 表示“令人兴奋的”。故填exciting。

答案：4.it

解析：4.考查代词。句意：这个故事变得很有趣以至于人们复述了很多遍。设空处指代主语The tale, 应用人称代词it。故填it。

答案：5.with

解析：5.考查介词。句意：荒诞不经的故事是指混合了真实与虚构的民间故事, 或者是没有真正发生的事件。固定短语mix…with…表示“将……与……混合”。故填with。

答案：6.An

解析：6.考查冠词。句意：荒诞不经的故事的一个例子是关于巨人伐木工人Paul Bunyan的故事。此处example为可数名词单数, 泛指“一个例子”, 且以元音音素开头, 应使用an。位于句首, 首字母应大写。故填An。

答案：7.to hear

解析：7.考查非谓语动词。句意：这些故事听起来很有趣。“be动词+形容词+to do”为固定结构。故填to hear。

答案：8.creation

解析：8.考查名词。句意：神话描述的是创造世界的民间故事。定冠词the和介词of前应用名词。故填creation。

答案：9.came

解析：9.考查动词时态。句意：它们描述了第一批人类是如何来到这个世界的。结合句意可知, 此处描述过去发生的事情, 应用一般过去时。故填came。

答案：10.so

解析：10.考查倒装结构。句意：第一批讲神话的人认为这些故事是真实的——他们的听众也是如此。“so+助动词+主语”为倒装结构, 表示某人或某物的情况与前面所叙述的情况相同, 此处表示“听众也认为这些故事是真实的” 。故填so。

B

（2020江西高二月考）

Wild China is a six-part nature documentary series on the natural history of China, co-produced by the BBC Natural History Unit and CCTV and       1       (film) in high-definition（HD高清）.

For centuries, tales of magical landscapes and surprising creatures       2       (tell) by travelers to China. Chinese civilization is the world’s oldest and today, it’s the largest, with well over a billion people. It’s home to more than 50 distinct ethnic groups and a wide range of traditional lifestyles, often in close       3       (partner) to nature.

Let’s catch a brief glimpse of several great wonders of it.

Land of the Panda

Protected by the Great Wall in the North and fed by the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers, China’s eastern heartland is the center of a flourishing civilization       4       spans over 5,000 years. To outsiders, this is a mysterious land       5       (contain) splendid man-made structures and appealing tourist       6       (attract) and it’s home to some of China’s       7       (rare) and most charismatic （有超凡魅力的）creatures.

Tides of the Change

This is the area which shows the greatest contrast       8       China’s past and it’s future. Today China’s eastern seaboard is home to 700 million people packed into some of the most dazzling hi-tech cities on earth. Yet       9       remains hugely important is whether these crowded shores can be enjoyed       10       (separate) by a wealth of wildlife? A lot more out there for you to explore with your eyes open wide. It’s worth your while!

1.   2.   3.   4.   5.

6.   7.   8.   9.   10.

答案：1.filmed

解析：1.[语篇解读]  本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一部有关中国自然历史的六集纪录片《美丽中国》。

考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知, 动词film“拍摄电影”在句子中不作谓语, 与其逻辑主语“Wild China”是被动关系。所以用动词过去分词作状语。故填filmed。

答案：2.have been told

解析：2.考查动词时态和语态。分析句子成分可知, 主语“tales of magical landscapes and surprising creatures”与谓语tell是被动关系, 所以用被动语态; 此处表达的意思是“几个世纪以来, 奇妙的景色和令人惊奇的生物的传说一直被讲述”, 所以用现在完成时。故填have been told。

答案：3.partnership

解析：3.考查名词。根据语境可知, 这里指与自然关系密切。close partnership表示“关系密切”。故填partnership。

答案：4.which/that

解析：4.考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知, 从句是定语从句, 修饰先行词civilization, 且从句中缺主语。故填which/that。

答案：5.containing

解析：5.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, 动词contain不作谓语, 且与其逻辑主语land是主动关系。故填containing。

答案：6.attractions

解析：6.考查名词。根据并列连词and连接的structures 提示, 空格处填名词复数形式。故填attractions。

答案：7.rarest

解析：7.考查形容词最高级。 根据并列连词and连接的most charismatic提示, 空格处填形容词最高级。故填rarest。

答案：8.between

解析：8.考查介词。根据语境可知, 此处表达“介于……之间”且有and提示, 故填between。

答案：9.what

解析：9.考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知, 从句是主语从句, 且从句中缺主语; 根据语境可知此处填what。故填what。

答案：10.separately

解析：10.考查副词。分析句子成分可知, 此处是副词修饰表语从句的谓语动词的用法, 用副词。故填separately。