外研版高中英语选择性必修第三册Unit5LearningfromnatureSectionⅠStartingout&Understandingideas基础训练含解析

Unit 5 Learning from nature Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas

Ⅰ. 单句填空

1.The signal will be converted      to/into      digital code.

2.Generally speaking, electricity is a luxury that we’ve grown to take for      granted   （grant）.

3.     Architects   （architect） have long had the feeling that the places we live in can affect our thoughts, feelings and behavior.

4.He was presented      with   a TV set as a reward for his service.

5.In the late nineteenth century the      connection   （connect） between music and painting was close.

Ⅱ. 同义替换

1.According to what we know now, you cannot clone animals that have been extinct longer than 10,000 years.     Based on   

2.It is so cold that you can’t go outside unless fully wrapped in thick clothes.       covered in   

3.Hard work can often make up for being short of ability.     a lack of   

4.We must plan our work considering the new situation and its needs.      in terms of   

5.We must never lose sight of the fact that man must get along with nature.      live in harmony with   

6.It was dark in the room and we couldn’t see much at first, but after a few minutes our eyes felt comfortable in the darkness.      got used to   

7.Some of us always think naturally that our parents or grandparents should take care of us.      take it for granted   

8.By studying old photos of the previous Amber Room, they have made the new one resemble the old one.      look like   

Ⅲ. 翻译句子

1.刚才老师讲话如此快以至于我不能记下所有的东西。（so…that…）

    The teacher spoke so fast that I couldn’t take everything down just now.   

2.他什么话也没说就走了, 留下我们在外面站着。（现在分词作状语）

    He went away without saying anything, leaving us standing outside.   

3.我不仅对他谈我的感觉, 而且我还决定在博客上把它写出来。（not only…but also…）

Not only did I speak to him about how I felt, but I also decided to blog about it.

4.我们小组想为新华小学组织一场名为“分享书籍, 传递爱”的图书捐赠活动。（过去分词作后置定语）

Our group would like to organize a book donation activity named “Sharing Books, Passing Love” for Xinhua Primary School.   

5.在等通往办公室的公共汽车时, 他看见一个男孩跌倒在路上。（状语从句的省略）

  While waiting for a bus to the office, he saw a boy fall down on the road.   

素养综合练

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

（2021河南高二期末）

We see art everywhere around us. In public parks, city squares, shopping streets and public buildings, we find modern art objects on display. Classical art, such as valuable paintings, precious statues and other fine arts, usually ends up in the collections of museums, companies or rich people.

Both art and architecture have a history of ages. All forms and ways of expressing the beautiful things have been explored. In the case of architecture, many buildings designed in the past have proven beautiful and served their purposes. Governments and companies could save millions of dollars by building or copying designs of architecture of buildings from the past. There are still many designs for buildings made by famous architects that were never realized. Besides, some people find modern architecture ugly. So why should we pay a lot of money for designing new buildings?

The same holds for modern art, both paintings and statues. Many storerooms contain enough art to decorate all public buildings and other public places. There is no need to create more art, and as with modern architecture, many people find new art difficult to understand or appreciate.

Given these facts, why are architects and artists asked to create new artworks? The answers have to do with the function of art in society today. First of all, the function of art is to decorate. Artworks make our living environment more beautiful. Another function of art is enriching real life. Art helps people to learn to think creatively. In art things are not always what they seem to be. Very often you can hardly tell what the funny art objects are. People need such creative moments. Finally, art is often seen as a way to instruct the audience. Statues of heroes from the past remind us of our history. Paintings and other art objects can also help us realise what goals we should set for ourselves.

Because ideas about society change and every period of time has its own taste, there is always a need for new art. We can still appreciate the beautiful artworks made in the past, but they are often too valuable to be placed in public buildings. Besides, they also often need special protection.

1.Who own collections of ancient statues and paintings?

A.Public parks or city squares.

B.Shopping streets or public buildings.

C.Museums, companies or rich people.

D.Some historical sites.

2.What’s the writing purpose of Paragraph 2?

A.To explain why some people find modern art ugly.

B.To introduce the reason for the necessity of new art.

C.To show the benefits of copying designs from the past.

D.To prove both art and architecture have a long history.

3.Why can’t we use old art to decorate public buildings?

A.Because they need long-lasting restoring.

B.Because more people prefer modern art.

C.Because of the changes and differences of tastes.

D.Because of their value and need for protection.

4.What does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about?

A.The functions of art in society.

B.The functions of architecture.

C.The reason why art is difficult.

D.The reason why art is precious.

答案：1.C

解析：1.[语篇解读]  本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了古代艺术和现代艺术, 以及它们在社会中所起的作用。

【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第一段中的Classical art, such as valuable paintings, precious statues and other fine arts, usually ends up in the collections of museums, companies or rich people. （古典艺术, 如珍贵的绘画、珍贵的雕像和其他艺术作品, 通常会被博物馆、公司或富人收藏。）可知, C项正确。

答案：2.B

解析：2.【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第二段的主要内容, 尤其是So why should we pay a lot of money to architects for designing new buildings？（那么, 为什么我们要为设计新的建筑付很多钱呢？）可推测本段的目的是引出新艺术产生的必要性。B. To introduce the reason for the necessity of new art. （介绍新艺术产生的必要性。）符合以上推测, 故选B项。

答案：3.D

解析：3.【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据最后一段的第二句和第三句可知, 古老的艺术品太珍贵了, 不能被用来装饰公共建筑, 它们还经常需要特殊的保护。故选D项。

答案：4.A

解析：4.【命题立意】主旨大意题。【解题思路】根据第四段的主要内容, 尤其是Given these facts, why are architects and artists asked to create new artworks? The answers have to do with the function of art in society today. （考虑到这些事实, 那么为什么建筑师和艺术家被要求创造新的艺术作品呢？答案和当今艺术在社会中的作用有关。）可知, 本段主要介绍了艺术在社会中的作用。A. The functions of art in society. （艺术在社会中的作用。）符合以上说法, 故选A项。

Ⅱ. 完形填空

（2020湖北武汉高二月考）

We have all experienced days when everything goes wrong. A day may begin well enough,      1      suddenly everything seems to get out of control. What always      2      is that a great number of things choose to go wrong at     3   the same moment.

Things can go wrong on a big scale, as a number of people recently discovered. During the rush hour one evening two cars collided （猛撞） and both drivers began to      4    . The woman immediately behind the two cars happened to be a       5      . She suddenly got into a panic and stopped her car. This made the driver following her      6      hard. His wife was sitting beside him holding a large cake. As she was thrown      7      , the cake went right through the windscreen and landed on the road. Seeing a cake flying      8      the air, a lorry driver who was drawing up alongside the car,      9      all of a sudden. The lorry was      10      with empty beer bottles and hundreds of them slid off the back of the vehicle and onto the road. This led to yet       11      angry argument. Meanwhile, the traffic piled up behind. It took the police nearly an hour to      12      the traffic on the move again. In the meantime, the lorry driver had to sweep up hundreds of      13      bottles. Only two stray dogs      14      from all this confusion, for they greedily ate what was left of the      15      . It was just one of those days!

1.A.thusB.butC.soD.and

2.A.comesB.strikesC.happensD.works

3.A.exactlyB.possiblyC.practicallyD.probably

4.A.fightB.talkC.discussD.argue

5.A.learnerB.passengerC.driverD.instructor

6.A.stopB.brakeC.burstD.quit

7.A.upwardB.backwardC.forwardD.sideward

8.A.throughB.overC.aroundD.across

9.A.pulled downB.pulled upC.pulled inD.pulled out

10.A.occupiedB.burdenedC.loadedD.equipped

11.A.the otherB.otherC.othersD.another

12.A.getB.haveC.keepD.take

13.A.emptyB.fullC.dirtyD.broken

14.A.benefitedB.sufferedC.separatedD.differed

15.A.beerB.vehicleC.cakeD.bottle

答案：1.B

解析：1.[语篇解读]  本文是一篇记叙文, 讲述了在一天晚上的交通高峰期, 两场交通意外引发交通大混乱, 只有两只流浪狗从中受益。

【解题思路】考查连词。根据语境可知“一天的开始也许很顺利”与“突然间一切似乎都失去了控制”是转折关系, 故选B项。

答案：2.C

解析：2.【解题思路】考查动词。空后表达很多事情刚好在同一时间出问题, 这是发生的事情, 故C项正确。

答案：3.A

解析：3.【解题思路】考查副词。根据空后的“the same moment”可知此处指“刚好在同一时间”, 故选A项。

答案：4.D

解析：4.【解题思路】考查动词。根据常识可知, 两车发生剐蹭的时候, 双方会相互指责, 发生争论, 下文中的“argument”也是提示, 故选D项。

答案：5.A

解析：5.【解题思路】考查名词。空后一句说她突然惊慌失措, 把车停了下来, 这说明她是个新手（初学者）, 故选A项。

答案：6.B

解析：6.【解题思路】考查动词。上一句说女新手突然惊慌失措, 把车停了下来, 面对这种情况, 后面的司机自然是要急刹车, 故选B项。

答案：7.C

解析：7.【解题思路】考查副词。根据常识可知, 急刹车的时候, 车上的人身子会前倾, 故选C项。

答案：8.A

解析：8.【解题思路】考查介词。上文说蛋糕从车里飞了出来。flying through the air表示“在空中飞过、从天而降”, 故选A项。

答案：9.B

解析：9.【解题思路】考查动词短语辨析。上文说旁边的卡车司机看见一块蛋糕从天而降, 第一反应自然是停车, 故选B项。

答案：10.C

解析：10.【解题思路】考查动词。下文说数百个啤酒瓶从车尾部滑到了路上, 这说明卡车上装满了空啤酒瓶。be  loaded with表示“载有”, 故选C项。

答案：11.D

解析：11.【解题思路】考查限定词。上文说两辆车相撞, 两个司机发生了争论, 此处是说卡车上的啤酒瓶滑到路上又引起了另一场争论, 故D项。

答案：12.A

解析：12.【解题思路】考查动词。根据空后的“the traffic on the move again”可知此处指“使交通再次畅通”, 故选A项。

答案：13.D

解析：13.【解题思路】考查形容词。啤酒瓶掉到了马路上自然是碎了, 故选D项。

答案：14.A

解析：14.【解题思路】考查动词。下文说这两只流浪狗贪婪地吃着剩下的蛋糕, 这说明它们从混乱中受益, 故选A项。

答案：15.C

解析：15.【解题思路】考查名词。上文说一个蛋糕掉在了地上, 再结合空前的“they greedily ate”可知, 这两只流浪狗贪婪地吃着剩下的蛋糕, 故选C项。