2022年春季学期小升初英语基础语法复习课(五) 句型 (无答案)
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第五讲 句型
复习课 小学阶段重点句型:疑问句(一般疑问句/特殊疑问句)、祈使句、there be句型
一、疑问句
一、一般疑问句
一)、定义:疑问句的一种。通常用yes,no来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。
二)、结构:be(am,is,are)/助动词(do,does)/情态动词(can,could,will)+主语+其他成分?
通常回答为:肯定:Yes,主语+提问的助动词
否定:No,主语+提问的助动词+not
例如:
① Are you from Japan? ②Do you live near your school?
Yes, I am./No, I'm not. Yes, I do./No, I don't.
③Can you speak French?
Yes, I can./No, I can't.
四)、变化方法:
1.将陈述句变为一般疑问句时,如句中有be 动词(am/ is/ are)时,可直接将它们提至主语前。
如主语为第一人称,应将其改为第二人称。如:
I'm in Class 2Grade 1. →Are you in Class 2Grade 1﹖
We're watching TV. →Are you watching TV﹖
2.陈述句中有情态动词(can、may、will …)时,也可直接将它们提至主语前,即可成为一般疑问句。如:
He can swim now.→Can he swim now﹖
The children may come with us.→ May the children come with us﹖
3.陈述句中只有一个实义动词作谓语且其时态为一般现在时,变为一般疑问句时要在句首加do或does主语后的实义动词用原形。如:
I like these animals. →Do you like these animals﹖
She wants to go to the movies. → Does she want to go to the movies﹖
4一般疑问句有时不用yes或 no 回答。如:
—Are they in town now﹖ —I think so.
—May I sit here﹖ —Certainly.
—Does he like soccer﹖ —Sorry, I don't know.
五)、陈述句变为一般疑问句技巧:
根据一般疑问句不同的家族,可以用不同的方法将陈述句变为相应的一般疑问句。
1、第一家族:含be动词或情态动词的句子秘诀:一调二改三问号
一调:即把句中的be或情态动词调到主语前;
二改:改换主语称谓,即将句中的主语I\my \mine\we\our\ours等。第一人称分别改为相应的第二人称you\your\ yours等;
三问号:句末的句号改为问号。如:
I am an English teacher. → Are you an English teacher?
We can speak English fluently. → Can you speak English fluently?
2、第二家族:含行为动词(或称为实义动词)的句子秘诀:一加二改三问号
一加:即在句首加助动词Do或Does;
二改:1、把谓语动词改为原形;2、改换主语称谓(同第一家组);
三问号:句末的句号改为问号。
We read English every morning. → Do you read English every morning?
Tom’s father listens to English on the radio every evening.
→Does Tom’s father listen to English on the radio every evening?
特别注意:对于第二家族一定要注意动词的还原,因为时态与数的变化已经体现在助动词上了。
加强记忆口诀:肯变疑,并不难,can 或be提在前;
谓语若为行为动,do 或does句首用。
二、特殊疑问句
一)、定义以特殊疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。
常用的疑问词有:what、who、whose、which、when、where、how、why等。
二)、特殊疑问句的基本结构是“疑问词+一般疑问句”。
1)如疑问词作主语或主语的定语,即对主语或主语的定语提问,其语序是陈述句
的语序:疑问词(+主语)+谓语动词+其他成分?
Who is singing in the room﹖ Whose bike is broken﹖
2)如疑问词作其他成分,即对其他成分提问,其语序是:疑问词+一般疑问句语
序?
What class are you in﹖ What does she look like﹖
Where are you from﹖
What time does he get up every morning﹖ How do you know﹖
特殊疑问词+助动词+主语+动词原形+其他?
Where do you do study English?
特殊疑问词+be动词+主语+其他?
Why is your Mum so angry?
特殊疑问词+情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他?
What can I do for you?
三)、常见的特殊疑问词,见下图表:
特殊疑问词 | 意思 | 用法 | 例句 |
who | 谁 | 问人的身份,姓 | He is LiLie. Who is he ? He is my brother. Who is he ? |
whom | 谁
| 问人的身份,姓名等(问宾语) | I can ask him the question. Whom can you ask the question? |
what | 什么 | 问人的职业或事物是什么 | He is a worker. What is he? He has a book. What does he have ? |
which | 哪一个 | 问一定范围内特指的人或物 | The big box is mine. Which box is yours? The girl at the door is Ann. Which girl is Ann? |
whose | 谁的 | 问所属关系 | This is her book. Whose book is this ? This book is hers. Whose is this book? |
what color | 什么颜色 | 问颜色(表语) | My skirt is red. What color is your skirt? |
what time | 几点 | 问点时间 | We play games at five in the afternoon ? What time do you play games? |
when | 什么时候 | 问时间 | We play games in the afternoon ? When do you play games? |
where | 什么地方 | 问地点(状语) | We play games at home on Sunday ? Where do you play games on Sunday? |
why | 为什么 | 问原因 | He isn't at school today because he is ill. Why isn't he at school today ? |
how | 怎样 | 问健康状况、 做事的方式等 | He is fine/strong. How is he ? I go home by bike. How do you go home? |
how old | 多大几岁 | 问年龄 | He is ten. How old is he ? |
how many | 多少 | 跟复数名词, 问数量 | There are thirty boys in my class. How many boys are there in your class? |
how much | 多少 | 跟不可数名词 问数量或价钱 | There is some milk in the bottle. How much milk is there in the bottle? |
how far | 多远 | 问路程 | It's five kilometers away from here? How far is it from h |
how long | 多久/多长 | 问一段时间, 问物体的长短 | He has lived here for a year. How long has he lived here? The desk is one meters long. How long is the desk ? |
how often | 多久/多常 | 问一段时间内动作发生的频率 | I write to my mother once a week. How often do you write to your mother ? |
四)、对划线部分做题技巧
(1)划线部分不为主语
- 根据划线部分确定特殊疑问词
- 将原句变成一般疑问句
- 去掉划线部分后,连接特殊疑问词和步骤2的一般疑问句
- 句号改为疑问号。例:The book is on the teacher’s desk.
(1) 确定特殊疑问词。如,提问地点方位用Where.
(2) 将原句改为一般疑问句。Is the book on the teacher’s desk?
(3) 将确定的疑问词Where 和改成的一般疑问句连成一行,注意区分字母大小写。
Where is the book on the teacher’s desk?
(4) 去掉题目中的划线部分,并检查符号的正确性。
(2)划线部分为主语
1.根据划线部分确定特殊疑问词
2.用疑问词代替主语连接后面剩下的句子,
3.句号改为问号。
口诀:首先确定疑问词,提问主语很容易,直接替换符号变”
例如:Kitty speaks English well.
(1) 确定特殊疑问词。提问人用Who. (2)用确定好的疑问词Who替换划线部分(3)句号改为问号。
Who speaks English well?
巩固练习
一、句型转换
1. It’s a large room.(改为复数形式)
______ _______ large rooms.
2. He has to buy a dictionary for his daughter.(改为否定句)
He _______ _______ to buy a dictionary for his daughter.
3. Uncle Wang likes making things. (改为否定句)
Uncle Wang _______ _______ making things.
4. Ann returned the book to the library yesterday.(改写为一般疑问句)
______ Ann _______ the book to the library yesterday?.
5. The hospital is about 300 meters away. (就划线部分提问)
________ _______ is the hospital ?
6.There are fifty-two students in our class. (就划线部分提问)
_______ _______ students are there in your class?
7.I write to my mother once a week. (就划线部分提问)
______ ______ do you write to your mother ?
8.He has three pens. (就划线部分提问)
_______ _______ pens does he have ?
9.She is ten years old. (就划线部分提问) ________ _______ is she?
10. They have a class meeting every other week. (改为否定句)
They _______ _______ a class meeting every other week.
11.She has dinner with her grandparents once a week.(改为一般疑问句)
______ she _______ dinner with her grandparents once a week?
12.This kind of cold comes and goes very quickly.(改为一般疑问句)
_______ this kind of cold ______ and ______ very quickly?
13.He spent a whole morning cleaning the room.(就划线部分提问)
______ ______ ______ he ______ cleaning the room.
14. My brother has lunch at the school every day.(改为一般疑问句)
________ your brother ________ lunch at the school every day?
二、祈使句
一、定义 祈使句:用来表示下达命令、提出要求、建议和劝告的句子。说话的对象通常是第二人称you ,习惯上常省略。祈使句的肯定句谓语动词用原形,否定句一般用don’t, never开始。
二、句式
A.肯定祈使句
句型 1 :动词 let + 第一、三人称宾格代词 + V.
例句:Let’s go to school. 让我们去上学吧。
Let me try. 让我试一试。
Let him come upstairs. 让他上楼吧。
句型 2:动词 + 其他部分
例句:请开门。___________________________
Turn to page two. 请将书翻到第二页。
Listen to me. 请听我讲。
Stop talking. 别说话。
B.否定祈使句 (一般在句首加 Don’t.)
1.Climb the tree ,please. 请爬树。 (肯定句)
___________________不要爬树。 (否定句)
2.Open the door. 打开门。 (肯定句)
Don’t open the door. 不要开门。 (否定句)
三、陈述句变祈使句
1.You can’t make faces in class. 你不能在课堂上做鬼脸。
_____________________. 不要在课堂上做鬼脸。
2.You can’t read in bed. 你不要在床上看书。
_____________________ 不要在床上看书。
3. Put the book on the desk.(否定句)
______ ______ the book on the desk.
巩固练习
一、 连词成句并改写成否定句。
1. on \ walk \ the \ grass
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
2. ride \ a \ here \ bike
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
二、 按要求改写下列句子
1.She likes playing basketball after school. (否定句)
_________________________________________________
2. He did his homework yesterday evening. (一般疑问句)
_________________________________________________
3. Tom wrote a letter to his mother yesterday. (否定句)
_________________________________________________
- My mother can make kites. (一般疑问句)
_________________________________________________
5. There are some dictionaries on the desk. (否定句)
_________________________________________________
三、There be句型
一)、“There be” 句型
“There be +某 (些)人或物 + 某地(或某时)”是指“某地(时)存在某人 (或某物)”。谓语be 必须在数上和主语保持一致。如果主语中既有单数又有复数,be 的形式变化与它最近的主语相一致。
1. 结构 There be (is \ are ) +某……
1) There is + 可数名词单数 / 不可数名词
2)There are + 可数名词复数
2. 用法
- 肯定句: There is \ are + _________.
- 否定句:There is \ are + not ____________
- 一般疑问句:Is\Are + there … ? Yes, there is \are. No, there is \ are not.
3.There be 句型中的 be 与离它最近的名词有关。
例, There is an apple and two pears on the table.
There are two pears and an apple on the table.
二)、have \has 句型 是指某人有某物 (表示所有、拥有关系)
I \ We \You \ They \ 人名(复数)\事物(复数)+ have …
He \She\ It \ 人名(单数)\ 事物(单数) + has …
表否定时要用助动词don’t/doesn’t + have … 例:Mary doesn’t have new dress for her party.
巩固练习
一、 用“have 或 there be ” 的适当形式填空
- He _________ a lot of friends.
- _________ _________ four seasons in a year.
- She _________ seven sons.
- _________ _________ any milk in the cup?
- Beijing ________ many universities.
- We _______ a lot of work to do.
- _________ _________ a book and two pens on the table.
- They ______ many beautiful flowers.
- _________ _________ three pencils and a ruler in the pencil-box.
- My father ________ a red car.
二、 用适当的词填空
- He often _______ up ________ six o’clock _______ the morning.
- What’s wrong ________ your mother?
- Mary can ________(have)a kite.
- There _______(be)an apple and three bananas in the bag.
- He always__________________(have)meals in his office.
- Tom (have) bread and milk for his breakfast yesterday morning.
- There _______(be)some water in the battle.
- They (have) a nice English teacher next term(学期).
一、句型转换
1.We can go to the park on foot.(改成否定句)
___________________________________________
2.I am going to see a picture show.(改成一般疑问句)
___________________________________________
3.Drivers drive on the left side in England. (改成一般疑问句)
___________________________________________
4.My home is far from here. (用Where提问)
__________________________________________
5.I go to the shop on foot.(用 how提问)
___________________________________________
6.You can go by the No.15 bus there.(对划线部分提问)
7.I go to school on foot.(对划线部分提问)
___________________________________________
8.We are going to play football next week.(变成一般疑问句,并做出肯定回答)
9.They are going to the Great Wall on Saturday.( 对划线部分提问)
___________________________________________
10.He has dinner at home. (改为一般疑问句,并否定回答)
___________________________________________
11.Mike likes cooking. (对划线部分提问)
___________________________________________
12. You always do your homework at night. (对划线部分提问)
___________________________________________
13. Nancy is going to go camping.(改否定)
Nancy ________ going to go camping.
14. I'll go and join them.(改否定)
I _______ go ______ join them.
15. I'm going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.(改一般疑问句)
________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?
二、选择填空
( )1. There _____ two knives in the pencil – box .
A.are B.is C.be D.am
( )2. How many counties _____ in Europe ?
- is it B.is there C.are they D.are there
( )3. Look ! There ____ some apples in that tree .
- is B.are C.be D.am
( )4.There ____ some children playing on the playground .
- is B.are C.has D.have
( )5.-Are there any fish in the lake now ?
-No . ____ any water in it in winter .
- There isn’t B.There aren’t C.It isn’t D.They aren’ t
( )6.There ____ an apple tree near the river .
- Am B.are C.is D.be
( )7._____ there any good news in today’s newspaper ?
- Are B.Is C.Have D.Has
( )8.There _____ a banana and ten pears in the basket .
- Are B.is C.has D.have
( )9.There _____ some oranges on the table .
- are B.is C.am D.be
( )10. “Oh, dear! ________ expensive it is!”
A. How B. What C. How a D. What a
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