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2022年中考英语阅读理解答题技巧(选择型&还原型七选五)课件PPT
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这是一份2022年中考英语阅读理解答题技巧(选择型&还原型七选五)课件PPT，共23页。
选择型阅读理解考题类型：1.细节理解题2.推理判断题3.词义/句义猜测题4.文章结构题5.主旨大意题
各类型解题技巧一.、细节理解题 细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。常考设问方式：(1) Hw many species f bees are there in the wrld?(2) Which f the fllwing is (NOT)true accrding t the passage?(3) Put the events abut Irving in the crrect rder.(4) Match the cuntries with the infrmatin and chse the right answer.
解题技巧1：题干定位法1）认真审题，找准关键词2）浏览文章，迅速定位3）细读相关文段确定答案 many species f bees are there in the wrld? the time they've fund a psitin in almst every partf the earth.There are ver 20, 000 species(物种）f bees,but these wnderful insects-wh've survived(存活）awhle hst f chances since they first appeared n ur plan-et-are nw in great danger.
解题技巧2：选项定位法1）认真审选项，找准关键词2）浏览文章，迅速定位3）细读相关文段，逐个判断，确定答案 seems that everybdy tells lies well,nt big lies. but what we call "white lies". Telling white lies isn't that bad. Mst f the time,peple dit because they want t prtect a Which f the fllwing is NOT true ?A. White lies are nt big liesB. In fact, everybdy tells lies.C. Peple tell white lies t prtect a friendship.D. White lies are harmful t friendship.
解题技巧3：选项定位排序/匹配法1）认真审左右栏，找准关键词2）浏览文章，迅速定位3）结合关键词（时间/地点），完成排序/搭配4）根据排序结果，确定答案e.g.(1)Put the events abut Irving in the crrect rder.(2) Match the cuntries with the infrmatin and chse the right answer.
a. Children g t schl with batteries.b. Children take the charged batteries hme.c. Children have classes while the batteries are being charged.d. Children put the batteries int the bttm f theirschl's Slar Cw.①In 1783 a. The Flyer.②In 1830 b. Ht-air ballns.③In 1902 c. Gliders with wheels.④In 1905 d. Gliders with engine.
二、推理判断题推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论，包括细节隐含意义、语义逻辑、作者态度、作者意图、文章出处、读者身份等的推断。常考设问方式：(1) What can we infer frm the passage/the last paragraph?(2) What can we knw abut Kish frm the passage?(3) Chse the best sentence t fill in the blank“ _”in Para. 3. (4) What's the writer's pinin abut genes and envirnment? (5) What's the purpse f the passage? (6) Where may the passage cme frm? (7) Wh wuld the authr write the passage mainly fr?
解题技巧1：选项定位法1）跳读文章，找相关信息点2）细读理解信息点字面意思3）理解深究信息点深层含义（言外之意）4）结合选项，确定答案 can we infer frm the passage/the last paragraph?What can we knw abut Kish frm the passage?
e.g. ne night, I was walking arund the cwshed with a trch(手电筒), and that day, the lins didn't cme. And I discvered that lins were afraid f a mving light. S I had an What can we get frm the passage?A. The lin killed all the cws.B. Turere killed the lin at last.C. The lin n lnger lived in the park.D. Turere's inventin made peace with lins.注意：1.此类题目无法从原文找到一模一样的句子2.过于绝对的选项基本上不可能是答案。比如出现 nly,must,all,never等词。
解题技巧2：A: 结构突破法1）观察空格所在位置 段首：总结概括 段中：平行句、比较句、转折句 段尾：总结、展望未来2）联系段落内容，做出判断，选出正确答案B: 关键词突破法1）观察空格前后，找到关键词 常见关键词：同义词、代词、关联词（逻辑关系）2）结合关键词，选出正确答案 e.g. Chse the best sentence t fill in the blank“ _”in Para. 3.
e.g. last 400 metres. Fredrik was trying t tie sme rpe buthe slipped(滑倒）and fell past Gerlinde. He fell 1, 000 metres and was killed. _____K2 was nw a very sad place fr her, and she thught perhaps she wuld never climb the the best sentencet fill in the blank “__”in Gerlinde went n climbing.B. Gerlinde wanted t try again.C. Gerlinde went back t base-camp.D. Gerlinde tied sme rpe t the rcks.
e.g. We knw abut al-Jazari mstly frm a bk that he wrte. _______. They include clcks and hand-washing machines. The bk als has drawings that shw hw each machine wrks.1. Chse the best sentence t fill in the blank “______” in this paragraph.A. He became famus when he was a yung man.B. He invented a lt f everyday machines in histry.C. It describes a number f machines f all shapes and sizes.D. Peple in Turkey enjy reading his bks in their free time.
解题技巧3：关键词、段入手法1）认真阅读题干，找出关键词2）找出文中与题干相关的词语或者段落3）结合选项，找出答案e.g. What's the writer's pinin abut genes and envirnment? 表达情绪，气氛，观点的词语 What's the purpse f the passage? 关注第一段和最后一段找准文章主旨 Where may the passage cme frm? 看内容和关键词产品推销→广告；生平事迹→传记；介绍评价书籍→书评科普知识→杂志click→网站；research/experiment/study→报告论文；health/fd→杂志；文章前有日期→新闻 Wh wuld the authr write the passage mainly fr? 关注第一段和最后一段内容
三、词义/句义猜测题猜测词义/句义题主要考查根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义/句义能力。常考设问方式：(1) What des the underlined wrd “...”(in ParagraphX) mean?(2) What des the underlined wrd “it / they / that / thers” in Paragraph X refer t?(3) What des theunderlined sentence (in ParagraphX) mean?
解题技巧：联系上下文猜测词义/句义1）明确题干，在原文中准确定位2）分析词/句前后的语义和逻辑关联，初步确定答案3）将选定答案代入原文，复核语义逻辑，确定答案 the usual classrms and labatries,the barding schls have lts f ther facilities fr their students, including music rms, swimming pls, cinemas and theaters.The underlined wrd means____.A. 教师 B. 设施 C. 活动 D. 课程
四、文章结构题文章结构题主要考查学生对语篇结构的理解常见结构有：总分；分总；总分总；。常考设问方式：Which f the fllwing best shw the structure f the passage?The structure f the passage may be____.
解题技巧：由小到大；由段到篇1）找出每段的中心句，了解段落大意2）将相同段落放在一起，进行结构划分
五、主旨大意题（最佳标题）主旨大意题旨在考查学生对段落/全文主题、理解中心思想、归纳与概括信息的能力。常考设问方式：(1)What is the main idea f Paragraph X?(2)What's the main idea f the passage?(3) What des Paragraph X mainly talk abut? (4) What is the passage mainly abut? (5)What/Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
解题技巧：看内容看高频词（≧50%原则）1）通读全文，明确文章大意（可跳读每段段首和短尾）2）提炼总结段落大意3）分析选项选出最佳答案注意： 以偏概全；断章取义；主题放大；张冠李戴
还原短文型阅读理解（7选5）1.细节设空2.衔接过渡设空3.主旨概括设空
1.细节设空题经常出现在段中，考查段落句子内部之间逻辑关系。2.衔接过渡设空题出现在首段结尾或者段落中间，衔接设空前后内容。3.主旨概括设空题位置一般在段首，对段落主题句进行考查。（俗称“小标题”）
解题步骤：Step1 通读全文，了解文章结构脉络，了解设空位 置预判选填内容Step2 读选项，明确每个选项具体内容，尤其注意 那种过渡句和总结句Step3 细读设空句前后内容，分析它们之间的逻辑 关系 Step4 结合上述分析和选项试填答案Step5 将初步确定答案代入原文，确保语义顺畅， 符合逻辑
转折让步：hwever,but,while,even if/thugh并列递进：and,als,besides,first secnd,nt nly... but als因果：as,because,fr,s,therefre,as a result解释例证: fr example, such as, that is t say, it means,in fact
选择型阅读理解考题类型：1.细节理解题2.推理判断题3.词义/句义猜测题4.文章结构题5.主旨大意题
各类型解题技巧一.、细节理解题 细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。常考设问方式：(1) Hw many species f bees are there in the wrld?(2) Which f the fllwing is (NOT)true accrding t the passage?(3) Put the events abut Irving in the crrect rder.(4) Match the cuntries with the infrmatin and chse the right answer.
解题技巧1：题干定位法1）认真审题，找准关键词2）浏览文章，迅速定位3）细读相关文段确定答案 many species f bees are there in the wrld? the time they've fund a psitin in almst every partf the earth.There are ver 20, 000 species(物种）f bees,but these wnderful insects-wh've survived(存活）awhle hst f chances since they first appeared n ur plan-et-are nw in great danger.
解题技巧2：选项定位法1）认真审选项，找准关键词2）浏览文章，迅速定位3）细读相关文段，逐个判断，确定答案 seems that everybdy tells lies well,nt big lies. but what we call "white lies". Telling white lies isn't that bad. Mst f the time,peple dit because they want t prtect a Which f the fllwing is NOT true ?A. White lies are nt big liesB. In fact, everybdy tells lies.C. Peple tell white lies t prtect a friendship.D. White lies are harmful t friendship.
解题技巧3：选项定位排序/匹配法1）认真审左右栏，找准关键词2）浏览文章，迅速定位3）结合关键词（时间/地点），完成排序/搭配4）根据排序结果，确定答案e.g.(1)Put the events abut Irving in the crrect rder.(2) Match the cuntries with the infrmatin and chse the right answer.
a. Children g t schl with batteries.b. Children take the charged batteries hme.c. Children have classes while the batteries are being charged.d. Children put the batteries int the bttm f theirschl's Slar Cw.①In 1783 a. The Flyer.②In 1830 b. Ht-air ballns.③In 1902 c. Gliders with wheels.④In 1905 d. Gliders with engine.
二、推理判断题推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论，包括细节隐含意义、语义逻辑、作者态度、作者意图、文章出处、读者身份等的推断。常考设问方式：(1) What can we infer frm the passage/the last paragraph?(2) What can we knw abut Kish frm the passage?(3) Chse the best sentence t fill in the blank“ _”in Para. 3. (4) What's the writer's pinin abut genes and envirnment? (5) What's the purpse f the passage? (6) Where may the passage cme frm? (7) Wh wuld the authr write the passage mainly fr?
解题技巧1：选项定位法1）跳读文章，找相关信息点2）细读理解信息点字面意思3）理解深究信息点深层含义（言外之意）4）结合选项，确定答案 can we infer frm the passage/the last paragraph?What can we knw abut Kish frm the passage?
e.g. ne night, I was walking arund the cwshed with a trch(手电筒), and that day, the lins didn't cme. And I discvered that lins were afraid f a mving light. S I had an What can we get frm the passage?A. The lin killed all the cws.B. Turere killed the lin at last.C. The lin n lnger lived in the park.D. Turere's inventin made peace with lins.注意：1.此类题目无法从原文找到一模一样的句子2.过于绝对的选项基本上不可能是答案。比如出现 nly,must,all,never等词。
解题技巧2：A: 结构突破法1）观察空格所在位置 段首：总结概括 段中：平行句、比较句、转折句 段尾：总结、展望未来2）联系段落内容，做出判断，选出正确答案B: 关键词突破法1）观察空格前后，找到关键词 常见关键词：同义词、代词、关联词（逻辑关系）2）结合关键词，选出正确答案 e.g. Chse the best sentence t fill in the blank“ _”in Para. 3.
e.g. last 400 metres. Fredrik was trying t tie sme rpe buthe slipped(滑倒）and fell past Gerlinde. He fell 1, 000 metres and was killed. _____K2 was nw a very sad place fr her, and she thught perhaps she wuld never climb the the best sentencet fill in the blank “__”in Gerlinde went n climbing.B. Gerlinde wanted t try again.C. Gerlinde went back t base-camp.D. Gerlinde tied sme rpe t the rcks.
e.g. We knw abut al-Jazari mstly frm a bk that he wrte. _______. They include clcks and hand-washing machines. The bk als has drawings that shw hw each machine wrks.1. Chse the best sentence t fill in the blank “______” in this paragraph.A. He became famus when he was a yung man.B. He invented a lt f everyday machines in histry.C. It describes a number f machines f all shapes and sizes.D. Peple in Turkey enjy reading his bks in their free time.
解题技巧3：关键词、段入手法1）认真阅读题干，找出关键词2）找出文中与题干相关的词语或者段落3）结合选项，找出答案e.g. What's the writer's pinin abut genes and envirnment? 表达情绪，气氛，观点的词语 What's the purpse f the passage? 关注第一段和最后一段找准文章主旨 Where may the passage cme frm? 看内容和关键词产品推销→广告；生平事迹→传记；介绍评价书籍→书评科普知识→杂志click→网站；research/experiment/study→报告论文；health/fd→杂志；文章前有日期→新闻 Wh wuld the authr write the passage mainly fr? 关注第一段和最后一段内容
三、词义/句义猜测题猜测词义/句义题主要考查根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义/句义能力。常考设问方式：(1) What des the underlined wrd “...”(in ParagraphX) mean?(2) What des the underlined wrd “it / they / that / thers” in Paragraph X refer t?(3) What des theunderlined sentence (in ParagraphX) mean?
解题技巧：联系上下文猜测词义/句义1）明确题干，在原文中准确定位2）分析词/句前后的语义和逻辑关联，初步确定答案3）将选定答案代入原文，复核语义逻辑，确定答案 the usual classrms and labatries,the barding schls have lts f ther facilities fr their students, including music rms, swimming pls, cinemas and theaters.The underlined wrd means____.A. 教师 B. 设施 C. 活动 D. 课程
四、文章结构题文章结构题主要考查学生对语篇结构的理解常见结构有：总分；分总；总分总；。常考设问方式：Which f the fllwing best shw the structure f the passage?The structure f the passage may be____.
解题技巧：由小到大；由段到篇1）找出每段的中心句，了解段落大意2）将相同段落放在一起，进行结构划分
五、主旨大意题（最佳标题）主旨大意题旨在考查学生对段落/全文主题、理解中心思想、归纳与概括信息的能力。常考设问方式：(1)What is the main idea f Paragraph X?(2)What's the main idea f the passage?(3) What des Paragraph X mainly talk abut? (4) What is the passage mainly abut? (5)What/Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
解题技巧：看内容看高频词（≧50%原则）1）通读全文，明确文章大意（可跳读每段段首和短尾）2）提炼总结段落大意3）分析选项选出最佳答案注意： 以偏概全；断章取义；主题放大；张冠李戴
还原短文型阅读理解（7选5）1.细节设空2.衔接过渡设空3.主旨概括设空
1.细节设空题经常出现在段中，考查段落句子内部之间逻辑关系。2.衔接过渡设空题出现在首段结尾或者段落中间，衔接设空前后内容。3.主旨概括设空题位置一般在段首，对段落主题句进行考查。（俗称“小标题”）
解题步骤：Step1 通读全文，了解文章结构脉络，了解设空位 置预判选填内容Step2 读选项，明确每个选项具体内容，尤其注意 那种过渡句和总结句Step3 细读设空句前后内容，分析它们之间的逻辑 关系 Step4 结合上述分析和选项试填答案Step5 将初步确定答案代入原文，确保语义顺畅， 符合逻辑
转折让步：hwever,but,while,even if/thugh并列递进：and,als,besides,first secnd,nt nly... but als因果：as,because,fr,s,therefre,as a result解释例证: fr example, such as, that is t say, it means,in fact
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