2022年牛津译林版中考英语语法复习简单句（有答案）

这是一份2022年牛津译林版中考英语语法复习简单句（有答案），共9页。试卷主要包含了陈述句的否定形式等内容，欢迎下载使用。
简单句    简单句        考点一：疑问句①一般疑问句  Be/助动词/情态动词②特殊疑问句  5W1H + 主语 + 其他？ ③选择疑问句  一般疑问句/特殊疑问句 + A or B？④反义疑问句（前肯后否，前否后肯）一般疑问句注意：一般疑问句通常是用什么问就用什么答，但是下列情况例外。1）用情态动词must提问时，否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to。  用情态动词may提问时，否定回答用can’t或musn’t，不用may not。2）否定的一般疑问句通常以Be/助动词/情态动词和not的缩略形式开头，往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气。Aren’t you a student?难道你不是学生吗？Yes，I am. 不，我是 /  No,I’m not. 是，我不是 特殊疑问句1.疑问词包括疑问代词，疑问副词，疑问词组疑问代词：what, who,whom, whose, which疑问副词：when, where, how, why疑问词组：how long/how far/how many/how much/what time/how old   否定的特殊疑问句一般有劝告、建议、责备等语气Why don’t you stay at home and have a rest? 选择疑问句        一般选择疑问句：一般疑问句+or+被选择部分Do you like swimming or skating?        特殊选择疑问句：特殊疑问句，A or B？Which do you like to drink, tea or coffee? 反意疑问句（前肯后否，前否后肯）结构：陈述句+反意疑问部分？She is good at speaking English, isn’t she?易错易混          当陈述部分表否定时，有以下两种情况（1）陈述部分含有表否定意义的词，例如：never，few，little，nothing，nobody，no，hardly，none等，反意疑问部分用肯定。（2）陈述部分的谓语动词是带有否定意义的前缀的词时，反意疑问部分还是用否定。He dislikes smoking，doesn’t he?          当陈述部分是祈使句时，有以下几种情况。（1）肯定的祈使句，反意部分用will you或won’t you?（2）否定的祈使句，反意部分用will you？（3）Let us 开头的祈使句，反意部分用will you？（4）Let’s 开头的祈使句，反意部分用shall we？3.当陈述部分含有情态动词must时，反意部分有下列几种情况（1）must 表示“必须”的意思时，反意部分用needn’t（2）must 表示“必定，想必”的意思时，反意部分根据must后面的动词来确定。4.当陈述部分为主从复合句时，反意部分有下列几种情况（1）主语通常和主句的主语一致（2）主句的主语是第一人称I，we，谓语动词又是think，believe，suppose等，反意疑问句的主语和谓语要和从句一致。（注意否定前移）考点二： 陈述句         1.陈述句的肯定形式陈述句的肯定形式主要由“主语+谓语+其它成分”My aunt works in a hospital.我的阿姨在一家医院工作2.陈述句的否定形式（1）be/情态动词/助动词+not（2）含否定意义的词构成的否定句如：no，hardly，never，seldom，few，little等也可构成陈述句的否定形式。例如：I have no brothers=I don’t have any brothers易错易混  have的否定形式（1）作“拥有”讲时，否定形式有don’t have和haven’t两种（2）have作“吃，喝”等其它意义讲的时候，否定形式只有一种don’t have2.部分否定(1)含有不定代词all,both,each,every,both....and,everything等的肯定句加not变成否定句时只表示部分否定。例如：肯定句All the students in our class like playing football.部分否定：Not All the students in our class like playing football.=All the students in our class don’t like playing football.(2)如果要表示全部否定，需要用no，no one，nobody，none，neither，nothing等。None of the students in our class like playing football.注意：1.肯定句和否定句中副词的变化(1)           表示“已经”和“也”时：肯定句alreadytoo否定句yeteither(2)           表示频率、程度、数量等时：肯定句alwaysalmostmanymuchoften否定句neverhardlyfewlittleseldom2.主从复合句中的否定当主句的主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think，believe等表达观点的词时，要注意否定前移。考点三：祈使句       1.肯定的祈使句（1）动词原形+其它成分Come in！Be quiet（2）Let’s+动词原形+其它成分Let’s go to the cinema.注意：1.为了加强语气，可以在动词之前加上do，表示“务必，一定”Do come and see me！Do be careful！2.为了表示委婉语气，可在句首或句尾加上please，但是please放在句尾时要用逗号隔开。（2）否定的祈使句（1）don’t +动词原形+其他成分，也可以在动词原形前加never。don’t talk in class.  Never be late.(2)Let’s+not +动词原形+其它成分Let’s+not speak loudly.常考点：1.祈使句+and+陈述句          祈使句+or+陈述句          和if引导的条件状语一起考，主祈从现考点四：感叹句 感叹句是用来表达说话人对于某人、某物或某件事的赞美、惊讶、喜悦、气氛或悲哀等情感的句子，这类句子有强烈的情感，句尾多用感叹号。         注意：一些特殊形式的感叹句（1）在陈述句或祈使句的句尾加感叹号变成感叹句，表示某种强烈的感情。He eats so much！他吃的真多啊！Do read it carefully!一定要仔细阅读啊！（2）用一个词或词组表示强烈的感情也是感叹句Look out!Wonderful!Great!考点五：倒装句一、倒装句的定义主语和谓语是句子的核心，它们之间有两种语序：一是主语在谓语之前称为自然语序(Natural Order)/陈述语序；二是主语在谓语之后则称为倒装语序(Inverted Order)。为了强调、突出等语的目的而颠倒原有语序的句式叫做倒装句。在倒装句中，颠倒了的成分可以恢复原位而句意基本不变，句法成分不变。二、完全倒装1. 完全倒装是将谓语全部放在主语之前,此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。*Up went the rocket into the air. 嗖地火箭就飞上天了。*Inside the classroom are the students and the teacher. 老师和学生在教室里。2. 常见的完全倒装结构：(1)状语在句首here, there, now, then, thus等简短副词或above, away, in, out 等方位副词于句首,谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等动词。*Then came another question. 接着又一个问题提出来了。*Look, here comes the taxi. 瞧,出租车过来了。表示地点的介词短语(如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the room等)放在句首时。*Under a big tree sat a little boy. 一个小男孩坐在树下。South of the lake lies a big supermarket. 湖的南边是一个大超市。【注意】这种倒装中,主语必须是名词,主语是人称代词时,主语和谓语语序不变。*In he came and the lesson began. 他走进来开始上课。铃一响，学生就冲出去了。Hearing the bell ring, out rushed the students .Hearing the bell ring, out they rushed.(2)表语置于句首时,倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。*Present at the meeting was Mr Green, a headmaster with his friends. 校长格林先生和他的朋友们出席了会议。Seated on the ground are a group of young people.坐在地上的是一群年轻人。(1) Here is the letter you have been looking forward to.  你盼望已久的信在这儿。(2) Gone are the days when women were looked down upon.  妇女受歧视的日子一去不复返了。三、部分倒装1. 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分,如助动词或情态动词,移至主语之前。*Little did he know who the woman was. 他不太知道那个女的是谁。 *Only in this way can you master English. 只有这样你才能掌握英语。2. 常见的部分倒装的结构。(1)含有否定意义的否定词或半否定词包括短语(如never, neither, nor, little, seldom, rarely, hardly, scarcely, few, not, no, by no means, in no way, at no time等)放在句首时。*Little did I dream of seeing such wonderful scenery. 我做梦也没想到会看到这样美妙的景色。*Never shall I do this silly thing again. 我再不会做这种傻事了。【注意】         1.“Not only+分句,but also+分句”句型中的前一分句要部分倒装。*Not only can he speak English, but he can also speak Japanese fluently. 他不但会讲英语,而且还能流利地讲日语。         2. 表示“刚/一……就……”的倒装句型。*Hardly had the game begun when it started raining. 比赛刚刚开始就下起了雨来。*No sooner had he arrived in Rome than he was kidnapped. 他刚到罗马就遭到了绑架。*Scarcely had I come in when the phone rang. 我刚刚一进去,电话就响了。         3. Not until 句型直到我妈回来我才有手机上传作业。I didn’t get the mobile phone to upload the assignment until my mother came back.It was not until my mother came back that I got the mobile phone to upload the assignment.Not until my mother came back did I get the mobile phone to upload the assignment.直到新冠消除我们才会上学。Not until the coronavirus is wiped out will we go back to school.         4. in no time 放在句首不需要倒装(2)副词 only修饰状语置于句首时。*Only then did he realize the importance of his family. 只有在那时他才意识到家人的重要性。*Only in this way can you solve this problem.  只有用这种方法, 你才可以解决这个问题。*Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get back to work. 直到1918年战争结束,他才能回去工作。只有他能回答这个问题。*Only he can answer the question. (3) as引导的让步状语从句(as可以换成though)。a. 表语(形容词/名词)+ as+ 主语+ 系动词*Famous as he is, he is easygoing. 尽管他很有名气,但他很平易近人。*Child as/though he is, he knows a lot. 尽管他是个孩子,但他懂得很多。b. 副词+ as+主语+谓语动词*Hard as he tried, he couldn’t pass the exam. 尽管他努力了,他还是没有通过考试。c. 动词原形 +as+ 主语+ might/may*Try as she may, she won’t pass it. 尽管愿意再试,她还是不会通过的。【注意】实义动词放在句首时,其他助动词放在主语后。*Try as I might, I could not lift the stone. 我用尽力气,可还是举不起这块石头。(4)“so. . . that. . . ”和“such. . . that. . . ”结构中的so或such位于句首时。*So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光运行得非常快,我们几乎无法想象它的速度。*Such a lovely toy did he buy me that I was very thankful to him. 他给我买了这么可爱的一个玩具,我非常感激他。(5)在虚拟条件句中,从句的谓语含有were, had 和should这三个词时,可省去if,将这些词移至主语之前构成部分倒装。如果我是你,我不会让这么好的一个机会溜走的。*Were I you(=If I were you), I wouldn’t have such a good chance slip. 如果明天下雨,我们就待在室内看书。*Should it rain tomorrow(=If it should rain tomorrow), we would stay indoors reading books. 要是你参加了毕业典礼,我就会见到你了。*Had you attended(=If you had attended) the graduate ceremony, I should have seen you. (6)so作“也”讲时,引导的句子用倒装语序,表示前面所说的也适用于另一个人或事物,表示“……也(不)是如此”。其句型是: so/neither/nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语。他能游泳。我也能游泳。*He can swim. So can I.昨天晚上他去看电影了。我也去了。*He went to the film last night. So did I.我不知道他住哪儿。她也不知道。*I don’t know where he lives. Neither does she. 【注意】         ①当so引出的句子是用以对上文内容的证实或肯定,表示“的确如此”时,不用倒装结构。*—He works very hard. 他学习很努力。—So he does and so do you. 他的确如此,你也是。         ②若表示一个人的两个或者两个以上的情况,也适用于另一个人,则用句型: So it is/was with sb. 或者It is/was the same with sb. 。*—He was born in Shanghai and brought up in Beijing. 他在上海出生,在北京长大。—It was the same with my friend Li Ping. 我朋友李平也是。so/neither/nor 的倒装句    So+主语+情/系/助  （的确如此） 和上文/前句的主语是同一人      So +情/系/助+主语  （某人也一样） 和上文/前句的主语非同一人     否定Neither/Nor +情/系/助+主语(某人也不)  和上文/前句的主语非同一人                                                 且前句/上文为否定句考点六：六种基本句型（含there be 句型）主语：是句子要说明的人或物。一般由名词、代词、不定式，动名词充当。Telling a lie is wrong.Learning a foreign language takes a long time.谓语：说明主语的动作、状态、或特征，表示“干什么，是什么，怎么样？谓语和主语要在“人称”和“数”两方面必须保持一致。He goes to work every day.They are swimming.We must work hard at English. 宾语：表示行为动作的对象，是动作的承受者，一般由名词、代词、或动名词、不定式充当。The child needs help.I hope to see you again.Tom likes swimming.宾语补足语：有些动词若只带一个宾语，句子意义还不是很完整，须另带一部分来说明宾语的情况或状态，这一部分就叫宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语合称为复合宾语：We found the story quite interesting.We asked him to help us.状语：用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，也可以修饰整个句子。通常由副词、介词短语、分词、不定式、从句来充当。He was born in Shanghai in 1990.Suddenly it began to rain.定语：用来修饰名词或代词，通常由形容词、数词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句来充当。有前置定语和后置定语之分。Our classroom is clean and bright. The man in a brown jacket is my father.简单句五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型，关键在于谓语动词。主+系+表 (S+V+P)Time is money.（时间就是金钱）主+谓(S+V)   Time flies.（时光飞逝） Time brings us experience.（时间带给我们经验） 主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)  The little boy grew up. 间接宾语和直接宾语合起来叫双宾语。 主+谓+宾(S+V+O) He lent me ten yuan. 主+谓+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+OC) It makes him happy.   I found this answer wrong.六：there be 句型（就近原则，there不能和have连用）there be 句型中的be有时可以用used to be来替换。就近原则就近原则也称“邻近原则”，即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词在“人称、数”上一致。    这些词组有there be ……句型, Neither……nor……, Either……or…… , Not……but…… , Not only……but also……, 1.There be 句型   There is a book and some pencils on the desk. =There are some pencils and a book on the desk. 类似的还有here  和 This. Here is a man and woman2.neither...nor...     Neither you nor he is right. = Neither he nor you are right.    Neither you nor I am wrong. = Neither I nor you are wrong.3.either...or...    Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday. = Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday. 4.not only...but also...     Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday. = Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.    Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday.   Not only they but also I am keen on sports. 就远原则当主语后面与(together/along)with,as well as,but,except,like,rather than,no less than,besides,including等+名词或代词连用时，谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。例子：He rather than I is right.      Nobody but two students is in the classroom.