09 历史地理 2022年八年级热点话题时文题型专练

这是一份09 历史地理 2022年八年级热点话题时文题型专练，共12页。
2022年英语时文阅读八年级强化篇主题：历史地理001   A完形填空     秘鲁印加小径上的女向导002   B阅读理解     激发现代奥运会灵感的英国小镇003   C阅读理解     中国首个大型水电工程葛洲坝开工40周年004   D阅读理解     遗失佛像重返山西故里005   E任务型阅读   关于19世纪中国铁路线的展览006   F短文填空     欧洲最相互合作的岛屿007  传统文化趣味读  超越国界的中国文化A完形填空主题：秘鲁印加小径上的女向导In the darkness of her small bedroom in Peru＇s Sacred（神圣的） Valley of the Incas, Sara  1  her bag, thoughts racing: Would the weather be good? Would the team be friendly? Would she  2  park rangers （管理员） with bad attitudes  3  women? Would her mother,  4  suffers from chronic （慢性的） pain，be okay  5  she was gone?She put  6  the thoughts. She would head out the next morning  7  an assistant guide to the Inca Trail, the dangerous pathway  8  the famous 15th-century Inca citadel（城堡）of Machu Picchu. She loved the job. It paid more than  9  else she could be doing, and, perhaps most importantly, it empowered （增加······的自主权）her in Peru＇s patriarchal（父权制的）society.  10  she could tackle（应付，处理）the Inca Trail-both physically and mentally - as a guide made her feel like she could finish anything she set her  11  to.She checked again to make sure she had her guiding ID and her water bottle， and ensured （确保） her pack was not too  12  (every kilogram counts on the trail),then went to say goodbye to her  13  in the house's other room. Sara gave her mother some money, noticing how their roles had  14              since childhood, and went to bed for six hours of good sleep. She always  15  well the night before a trek（徒步旅行）1.A.threwB. packedC. washedD. hid2.A.run intoB. run awayC. run afterD. run for3.A.towardB. withC. inD. on4.A.whenB. whichC. whomD. who5.A.beforeB. unlessC. whileD. until6.A.upB. asideC. offD. back7.A.likeB. asC. afterD. for8.A.leading toB. leading withC. leading offD. leading on9.A.somethingB. someoneC. anythingD. anyone10.A.KnowingB. HopingC. DescribingD. Suggesting11.A.ideaB. mindC. dreamD. strength12.A,bigB. smallC. heavyD. light13.A.motherB. fatherC. sisterD. brother14.A.foundB. changedC. refusedD. covered15.A.walkedB. hikedC. sleptD. ateB阅读理解主题：激发现代奥运会灵感的英国小镇The Olympic Games are now a global event, but few know the modern origins （起源） lie in the sleepy Shropshire town of Much Wenlock.It was in the Midlands（英格兰中部） in the 19th century that a local doctor called William Penny Brookes relit（重新点燃）the Olympic flame. Inspired by the Olympic Games of ancient Greece, he founded the Wenlock Olympian Society; aiming through an annual（一年一次的）competition to “promote the moral（道德上 的），physical（身体上的）and intellectual（智力上的）improvement of the town and the neighbourhood of Wenlock, and especially of the working classes”.Started in 1850, the Wenlock Olympian Games soon attracted （吸引）thousands of audiences （观众） and competitors（参赛选手）from as far as London and Liverpool (although there was always at least one “locals-only” activity to keep local people happy). The games are still held today, although with a more traditional repertoire, along with traditional country sports.Much Wenlock's 1.3-mile Olympian Trail tells the story of how the local event became international，wending（行，前进）its way through a typical English town centre from its starting point at the Much Wenlock Museum and Visitor Information Centre. The streets there are filled with displays of flowers and family businesses.Local markets still exist in Much Wenlock, including at the Corn Exchange where the second bronze（青铜）Olympian Trail marker can be found. It was here that Brookes established the Wenlock Olympian Society-one of his many actions to promote physical well-being（健康）1.The modern start of the Olympic Games is from__________.A. ancient Greece   B. Liverpool              C. Much Wenlock       D. London2.Which of the following statement is NOT CORRECT?A. The Olympics were started by William Penny Brookes.B. The Olympics were held in ancient Greece before.C. The Wenlock Olympics aimed to promote physical and mental health.D. The Wenlock Olympics were held every year.3.The Wenlock Olympics always have one activity for the local people__________.A. to hold more traditional sportsB. to keep them happyC. to tell a fun storyD. to protect the local business4.What does the underlined word “repertoire” mean in the third paragraph?A. Chance.       B. System.           C. Activity.       D. Culture.5.Which of the following is NOT TRUE?A. Brookes relit the Olympic flame.B. The Wenlock Olympics are still held now.C. Brookes established the Wenlock Olympian Society.D. The second bronze Olympian Trail marker was lost C阅读理解主题：中国首个大型水电工程葛洲坝开工40周年The Gezhouba Dam is the first large-scale（规模）water control project on the main artery（干线） of the Yangtze River. It just celebrated its 40th anniversary of its work for power generation（发 电） on Friday，with the production of nearly 600 billion kilowatt-hours of clean electricity. Gezhouba is located in Yichang, Hubei Province in central part of China, which is the dividing point between the upper and middle reaches （河段） of the Yangtze River.Engineers and experts have said that as one of the most important water conservation （保护） projects in China，Gezhouba Dam is a monument（里程碑） in the history of Chinese hydropower construction， reflecting（显示）China＇s strong mobilization （动员） and organizational capabilities（能力）．Its 40-year “high reliability， longevity， and zero defects（高可靠性、长 寿命、零缺陷）”operation has made an important contribution to China's economic and social development.The total length of Gezhouba Dam is 2,606.5 meters, while the maximum dam height is 53.8 meters．Its reservoir（蓄水池） capacity is 1.58 billion cubic meters, with mixed functions in power generation， flood control， and navigation （航行）. At present， with continuous technological improvement, the maximum flood discharge （泄洪） of the hub （中心） can reach 110,000 cubic meters per second. The annual one-way passage capacity of the Dam's lock can reach 50 million tons.Since it was finished, Gezhouba Dam has safely released more than 60 large floods on the Yangtze River, successfully reducing （减少） the pressure of downstream （下游） flood control operations and helping to protect the lives and property （财产） of people in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River1.Which river does the Gezhouba Dam lie on?A. The Yellow River.B. The Yangtze River.C. The Haihe River.D. It isn't mentioned.2.What does the Gezhouba Dam reflect?A. It is one of the least important water conservation projects in China.B. China has strong mobilization and organizational capabilities.C. China's economic and social development is low.D. The operation of the Dam is easy.3.The Gezhouba Dam is able to hold cubic meters of water.A.1.58 billion             B.110 million             C.50 million       D.600 billion4.Which of the functions does the Gezhouba Dam NOT have?A. Power generation.B. Flood control.C. Navigation.D. Cleaning the river.5.The Grzhouba Dam released floods so as to___________.A. reduce the pressure of flood controlB. protect livesC. protect propertyD.A,B and CD阅读理解主题：遗失佛像重返山西故里After drifting （漂泊） around for nearly a century abroad， a large stone Buddha （佛像） head finally returned to Taiyuan， Shanxi Province on Saturday. The Buddha head statue is the 100th such cultural relic to return to China from abroad. The statue was retrieved （重新获得） from Japan. After its return， it was placed on display in Beijing for a short time in December 2020.The Buddha head statue was an iconic （标志性的） piece that once sat in the eighth cave of Taiyuan's Tianlong Mountain Grottoes （石窟） for more than 1,000 years．To celebrate the treasure's return, a special exhibition is being held at the Tianlong Mountain Grottoes Museum. The exhibition displays the relic, historical pictures and exhibits explaining technology-powered digital（数字的） recovery solutions and 3D printing and how they are used in contemporary historical archiving （存档）.Besides the exhibition， a research seminar （研讨会） was also held on Saturday during which experts and scholars founded the Tianlong Mountain Initiative（倡议） to promote further investigations （调查） into relics that are still lost.“China should speed up thorough investigation into the Grotto relics that are still abroad as well as investigating the ownership of such items. We are firmly against any form of antiquity internationalism （古物国际主义） in the name of a 'Global Museum',” a law professor who participated in the initiative, told the media. More than 170 statues were stolen from Tianlongshan, with a majority currently collected in Japan, Europe and the US1.When did the statue leave China?A. In 1920.B. About a century ago.C. About 1,000 years ago.D. It isn't mentioned.2.Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. The returned Buddha head statue will be on display in Beijing forever.B. The returned Buddha head statue has a history of over 1,000 years.C. The recovery solutions were used on the returned Buddha head statue.D. China hasn't started the investigation on the lost treasures.3.A special exhibition is held at the Tianlong Mountain Grottoes Museum to__________.A. display Chinese cultureB. hold a research seminarC. celebrate the return of the statueD. to ask other countries to return treasures4.What does the underlined word “relic" mean in the first paragraph?A. Treasure.   B. Religion.               C. Review.       D. Score.5.The statues from Tianlongshan are probably NOT in_________.A. Japan   B .Europe                 C. America        D. India E任务型阅读主题：关于19世纪中国铁路线的展览An exhibition of 19th century Chinese railway line was held at the Train World Museum in Brussels.The introduction to the exhibition is brief but mentions the “increased interference（干涉） of Western powers”（1）              China, like the two Opium Wars(2)          the British and the unequal Treaty of Nanking （《南京条约》），in which China was forced to give up Hong Kong.When the Chinese government at the time decided to build a railway(3)         Beijing and Hankou, part of today's Wuhan, capital of central China＇s Hubei Province， it chose Belgium（比利时），a relatively small country(4)         excellent railway expertise（专业知识）（5）              far less imperial（帝国主义的）ambition（野心）in China than other Western powers.Thierry Denuit, head of Train World, said preparation for the exhibit and a book on the railway project started five years ago. He described the construction（建设） of the railway（6）          a“ really amazing industrial story”, but was little known to the outside world, including among Belgians. “And the idea for the exhibit came up because this year is the 50th anniversary of diplomatic relations（外交关系）between Belgium and China，” Denuit said.Jean Jadot, a Belgian engineer(7)          the railway project, is featured importantly in the show thanks to his grandson, (8)         provided many historical documents （文件） from the family archives（档案）．They（9）____________Jadot's daily letters to his wife, in which he described the railway's progress.Nowadays, China's 38,000 kilometers of high-speed rail are second to none in the world today, with the busiest, the Shanghai-Beijing line, running(10) ___________350 km per hour.阅读短文，在短文空缺处填入适当的单词，使短文通顺，意思完整。(1)____________  (2) ____________  (3) ____________  (4) ____________  (5) ____________  (6)____________  (7) ____________  (8) ____________  (9) ____________  (10) ____________  F短文填空主题：欧洲最相互合作的岛屿Ester Laurell had always had a dream of (1)          on a pilgrimage（朝圣）route. Not one of the famous paths like the Santiago de Compostela,(2)                   one closer to her home in the Aland Islands, a Finnish island lying in the Baltic Sea between Finland and Sweden. In 2014,(3)           working for a company, she (4) _____________workshops（专题讨论会）with communities from Aland and other island regions in Finland and Sweden(5)              they discussed sustainable（可持续 的） tourism based on their common cultural heritage（文化遗 产）．Together they（6）                   the idea of a route to celebrate Saint Olav,(7)                    both Laurell's dreams of going on a pilgrimage and creating a project in (8)               island communities surrounded by the Baltic Sea could support each other.King of Norway，a Viking warrior （战士） who converted （皈依）to Christianity（基督教） and patron saint（守护神）of the Aland Islands, Saint Olav often travelled around the Baltic Sea, from Gotland, Sweden, to Novgorod, Russia. With this in mind, the communities decided(9)         a new, eastern section of the St Olav Ways, a network of pilgrim paths to St Olav's burial（埋葬）church，which（10）          an official European cultural route in Norway, Sweden and Denmark since 2010阅读短文，从方框中选择合适的单词（或短语）并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺，意思完整。Be   but    where    which    come up with    while    host    walk    create   achieve传统文化趣味读超越国界的中国文化Last year, more than 30 million people were said to have started learning a language on Duolingo（“多邻国”软件），with Chinese becoming one of those growing fastest in popularity.James Yang's Really Language Institute is one of the organizations to teach the Chinese language. Yang has been involved in international Chinese education for 20 years. Of many thousands of people doing online courses, Yang says, most are from countries participating in the BRI (Belt and Road Initiative）（“一带一路”倡议），especially in Southeast Asia.Yang and other teachers in the company have integrated（使融入）Chinese culture into the syllabus （教学大纲） just as many others do. Interestingly， he says， despite（尽管）Chinese traditions，foreigners are sometimes more interested in China's “new four inventions”, namely, e-commerce, mobile payment, bicycle-sharing and high-speed rail.“When we talk about Chinese culture we always focus on the traditional part, but in fact, they are also interested in online shopping and online payments because China is doing so well in these fields. I think we should introduce modern China and its culture to them too.”Samuel Esteban's romance with Chinese began when he was a high school student. He soon had many Chinese friends who gave him insights（了解）into China＇s culture，which stirred（调动）his interest even more. “It's just amazing that China has so many years of history,” Esteban says.“It's really interesting learning about China's dynasties and how they worked and how the country was formed.”答案解析【A完形填空】1．B．考查动词辨析和上下文语义。A项意为“投；扔”，B项意为“收拾（行李）”，C项意为“清洗”，D项意为“把·····藏起来”。根据下文可知，萨拉是在为出行做准备，由此可推测她是在收拾行李，故B项符合语境。故选B。2．A。考查词组辨析。A项意为“偶遇，遇到”，B项意为“逃跑”，C项意为“追赶”，D项意为“竞选”。空格所在句意为：她会         对女性态度恶劣的公园管理员吗？将各选项代入句中，A项最符合句意，故选A。3．A。考查固定搭配。attitude toward／to sb．／sth．是固定搭配，意为“对···.··的态度”。故选A。4．D。考查定语从句。空格所在句为非限制性定语从句，该从句的主语为her mother，指人，并且在从句中作主语，故用who来连接主句和从句，故选D。5．C。考查连词辨析。空格所在句意为：她不在         ,患有慢性疼痛的母亲会没事吗？while意为“在······期间”，符合语境，故选C。6．B。考查动词短语辨析。A项与put连用表示“提供”，B项与put连用表示“撇开，放一边”，C项与put连用表示“推迟”，D项与put连用表示“放回”。空格所在句意为：她暂时          这些问题。B项表示“她撇开这些问题”，符合句意，故选B。7．B。考查介词辨析。A项意为“像”，B项意为“作为”，C项意为“在·····之后”，D项意为“为了；对”。根据第二段最后一句中的as a guide 可得知萨拉的职业是向导，故选B。8．A。考查动词短语辨析。A项意为“通向···．··（道路上）”，B项意为“作为头条报道”，C项意为“开始”，D项意为“诱骗，哄骗”。空格所在句意为：这条陡峭的小径         马丘比丘著名的15世纪印加城堡。A项最符合句意，故选A。9．C。考查复合代词辨析。A项意为“某物；某事”，B项意为“某人”，C项意为“其他任何事情”，D项意为“其他任何人”。空格所在句意为：比她能做的          都要挣得多。C项代入后最符合文意，故选C。10．A。考查动词辨析。A项意为“知道”，B项意为“希望”，C项意为“描述”，D项意为“表明”。根据句子结构可知           she could tackle the Inca Trail是动名词作主语，根据空格后的 made her feel like she could finish anything可知萨拉对自己充满信心，她知道自己能应付得来，故A项最符合语境。故选A。11．B。考查固定搭配。set one＇s mind to sth．是固定搭配，意为“下决心／集中精力做某事”。故选B。12．C。考查形容词辨析。A项意为“大的”，B项意为“小的”，C项意为“重的”，D项意为“轻的”。空格后提到，在小径上，背包里的每一千克重量都能被感受到。故此处表达的是“要确保自己的背包不能太重”，故选C。13．A。考查上下文语义。根据下文 Sara gave her mother some money（萨拉给她母亲塞了些钱）可知，萨拉应该是去向她的母亲道别，故选A。14．B。考查动词辨析。A项意为“发现”，B项意为“改变”，C项意为“拒绝”，D项意为“覆盖”。将各选项代入句中，可知“改变”符合句意，故选B。15．C。考查动词辨析。A项意为“走”，B项意为“远足，徒步旅行”，C项意为“睡觉”，D项意为“吃”。根据上文可知，萨拉睡了六个小时的好觉，所以“睡觉”符合句意，故选C。【B阅读理解】1．C。细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词modern start定位到文章第一段，根据 the modern origins lie in the sleepy Shropshire town of Much Wenlock 可知现代奥林匹克运动会的起源地是在Much Wenlock。故选C。2．A。细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知威廉·佩妮·布鲁克斯重新点燃了奥运圣火，换句话说，是他重启了奥林匹克运动会，故A项表述不正确；第二段提及Inspired by the Olympic Games of ancient Greece（受古 希腊奥运会的启发），由此可知奥林匹克运动会以前在古希腊举行，故B项表述正确；通过第二段第二句中的 aiming through an annual competition to “promote the moral, physical and intellectual improvement of the town and the neighbourhood of Wenlock, and especially of the working classes”（旨在通过年度竞赛“促进文洛克镇及其周边地区居民，特别是工人阶级的道德提升，身体素质和智力的发展”）可知C、D两项表述正确。故选A。3．B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的 although there was always at least one "locals-only" activity to keep local people happy（虽然总是至少有一项“仅限当地人”的活动来让当地人感到高兴）可知，这么做是为了让当地居民开心，故选B。4．C。词义猜测题。后文提及传统的乡村运动，repertoire与其并列，故词义相近，C项意为“活动”，最接近词义。故选C。5．D。细节理解题。根据第二段中的 William Penny Brookes relit the Olympic flame 可知布鲁克斯重新点燃了奥运圣火，所以A项表述正确；根据第三段中的 The games are still held today 可知文洛克奥林匹克运动会现在仍在举办，所以B项表述正确；根据第二段中的he founded the Wenlock Olympian Society可知是布鲁克斯创办了文洛克奥林匹亚协会，所以C项表述正确；根据the second bronze Olympian Trail marker can be found 可知第二个奥 林匹亚小径的青铜标记没有丢失，所以D项表述错误。故选D。【C阅读理解】1．B。细节理解题。通过文章第一段提及的 the first large-scale water control project on the main artery of the Yangtze River（长江干流上的第一个大型水利工程）可知，葛洲坝建在长江上，故选B。2. B。细节理解题。通过文章第二段第一句可知，大坝显示了中国强大的动员和组织能力，故选B。3．A。细节理解题。文章第三段提到了大坝的蓄水量，根据 Its reservoir capacity is 1.58 billion cubic meters 可知水 库库容达15.8亿立方米，故选A。4．D。细节理解题。文章第三段第二句提到with mixed functions in power generation, flood control, and navigation （具有发电、防洪、航运等综合功能）。由此可知A、B、C三项正确，D项在文中未提及，故选D。5．D。细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的reducing the pressure of downstream flood control operations and helping to protect the lives and property of people 可知， 葛洲坝泄洪可以降低防汛作业的压力、保障人民生命和财产的安全，故选D。【D阅读理解】1．B、细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句可知，佛头雕像在国外漂泊了将近一个世纪，故选B。2．B。细节理解题。根据文中第一段最后一句可知，雕像仅在北京展出一小段时间，故A项不正确；根据文章第二段可知，被归还的佛头雕像有超过一千年的历史，故B项正确；C项在文中并未提及；根据文章第四段可知中国已经在进行调查，只是速度需要加快，故D项不正确。故选B。3．C。细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句可知，办展的目的是庆祝佛头雕像的回归，故选C。4．A。词义猜测题。根据文章内容可知，佛头雕像是国宝，relic原为“遗物，遗迹”的含义，在这里可以引申为“宝物”的含义，故选A。5．D。细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的最后一句可知，大多数天龙山雕像散落在日本、欧洲以及美国，并没有提及印度，故选D。【E任务型阅读】（1）in。空格后面是China，表示“在中国”用介词in。（2）by。两次鸦片战争都是由英国人发起的，表示动作的施发者用介词by。（3）between。根据文章内容可知，铁路在北京和汉口之间，between 表示“在·····之间”，和空格后的and构成搭配，符合句意及要求。（4）with。此处表示比利时拥有卓越的铁路专业知识储备，故用介词with。（5）but。前文提到比利时有卓越的铁路专业知识储备，后文提到，相比其他西方列强，比利时的帝国主义野心较小，前后句意发生转折，所以用连词but。（6）as。空格所在句意为：他将这条铁路的建设描述         一个“极其迷人的工业故事”。表示“作为”的含义用介词as，且describe sth. as为固定搭配。意为“把某物描述为”，故填as。（7）on。空格前是人，空格后是项目，表示“人参与铁路项目”用介词on。（8）who。空格所在句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为grandson，表示人，故用who引导。（9）include。空格前的They 指代 documents，结合上下文可知，亚都与其妻子的日常来信仅是前文提到的家族档案中的一部分，故用include表示“包括”。（10）at。表示“以······的速度”用介词at。【F短文填空】（1）walking。空格后面的介词on后接名词短语 a pilgrimage route（朝圣之路），作地点状语，所以空格处需填入表示“行走”的动词，且空格又位于介词of后面，需用动名词形式，故填 walking。（2）but。根据下文可知，埃斯泰·劳雷尔想走的朝圣之路是奥兰群岛上离她家更近的一条路，而不是像圣地亚哥-德孔波斯特拉那样著名的小径。短语 not...but...表示“不是······而是····..”的含义，故填but。（3）while。根据句子结构可知，空格处需要填入一个连词。while 意为“在······期间”，代入原文后意为“在2014年，在为一家公司工作期间···..·”，符合语境，故填while。（4）hosted。分析句子可知，句子缺少谓语动词，空格后为研讨会，所以意为“举办”的host符合句意。注意该动作发生在过去，需用一般过去时，故填hosted。（5）where。根据句意可知，他们在研讨会上讨论了基于共同文化遗产的可持续旅游业。该句为定语从句，先行词为 workshops，表示地点，故填where。（6） came up with。come up with 为固定搭配，表示“想出，提出”的含义，其后常搭配名词idea。因时态为一般过去时，故填 came up with。（7） achieving。空格后面为名词短语 Laurell’s dreams，achieve one＇s dream 意为“实现某人的梦想”，根据句子结构可知空格处和后面的creating并列，连接词为and，and前后的两个现在分词短语作状语，故用achieve的现在分词形式，故填achieving。（8）which。该句为定语从句，先行词为project。先行词后面和关系词前面有介词in，故只能用which来引导从句，故填which。（9）to create。空格后面为名词短语 a new，eastern section，所以空格处为及物动词，将所给动词代入句中，只有create符合句意，又因 decide 后接 to do不定式，故填to create。（10）has been。句子中缺少系动词，且since为现在完成时的标志，故用be的现在完成时形式，故填has been.