10 环境保护 2022年八年级热点话题时文题型专练

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2022年英语时文阅读八年级强化篇主题：环境保护001   A完形填空     来自蒙古的沙尘暴严重影响了中国的空气质量002   B阅读理解     全球二氧化碳浓度创新高003   C阅读理解     全球气温上升004   D阅读理解     专家解读“河南暴雨”005   E任务型阅读   蓝皮书：中国极端天气事件增多006   F短文填空     11岁女孩发起拯救蜜蜂的运动007  传统文化趣味读  捶丸：中国古代的“高尔夫球”A完形填空主题：来自蒙古的沙尘暴严重影响了中国的空气质量Sandstorm is a common meteorological（气象的）disaster in arid（干旱的）and semi-arid areas. Sand from Mongolia carried on the wind is a major reason for the frequent（频繁的）sandstorms that cause  1  pollution in China, a Chinese scientist said.To this day, the northern part of China has been hit by 21 sandstorm events and the one  2  happened in middle and late March is the strongest in the past 10 years, said Li Jianjun, chief scientist from China National Environmental Monitoring Center. “The frequency, seriousness and wide effect of the sandstorms are rarely seen in  3  years in China,” he noted. He said that sandstorms from Mongolia  4  a big difference to air quality in China.“Data shows that the  5  temperature in Mongolia and the western part of China's Inner Mongolia was the main reason for sand in the extreme （极端的） weather，” he said. Temperatures 2℃ to 6℃ 6 than normal years in the region since February made snow thaw （融化）earlier than usual，leaving the land empty  7  any cover.He said the sandstorms  8  air pollutants in over 240 of the total 337 major Chinese cities. Altogether, they suffered over 3,000 days with serious air pollutants, which will result in a drop of 2.4 percent points this year in the proportion（比例）of days with fairly  9  air quality in major Chinese cities," The sandstorms from Mongolia  10  1.5 percent points to the drop, or 62.5 percent,” he noted.1.A.airB. waterC. noiseD. waste2.A.whereB. whyC. whoD. that3.A.fastB. recentC. terribleD. final4.A.madeB. hadC. letD. gave5.A.ordinaryB. strangeC. unusualD. common6.A.highestB. higherC. lowerD. lowest7.A.withB. ofC. with outD. in8.A.caused byB. resulted fromC. died ofD. resulted in9.A.badB. goodC. quickD. clear10.A.chooseB. coverC. causeD. completeB阅读理解主题：全球二氧化碳浓度创新高EventsThe global carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）level has set a record in human history, the government said on Tuesday, showing that climate change remains a challenging problem. The information showed that global carbon dioxide reached 411.4 per million. That's the highest since China began to record the data in the 1990s.ResultsGreenhouse gases in the air showed that human activitiesstill play an important role. “There is a long way to go inenvironmental protection, both for China and the international community,” said Zhang Xiaoye. “Higher levels of carbon dioxide are making the Earth hotter and have caused a series of bad effects.”InfluenceNowadays, society, with its increasing population and developed economy, is being influenced by extreme weather events. That causes safety risks to the environment, water, food and energy.MeasuresChina has seven ground-based greenhouse gas observatories（气象站）in the provinces of Qinghai,Z hejiang, Heilongjiang, Hubei and Yunnan, Xinjiang region and Beijing. It allows the observation of major climate types in the country, including the Yangtze River region, and the northeast China forest belt.1.The Chinese meaning of the underlined word “challenging" in this passage is probably_________.A.最严重的              B.相关的                C.具有挑战性的          D.无法解决的2.Which of the following is TRUE about higher levels of carbon dioxide?A. They caused a number of bad effects.B. They didn't cause safety risks to the environment.C. They made the Earth cooler.D. They didn't make any difference.3.Which of the following is NOT TRUE?A. Climate problems aren't important in our society.B. Human activities will make a big difference to our society.C. Higher levels of carbon dioxide are making the Earth hotter.D. We have a long way to go in environmental protection C阅读理解主题：全球气温上升It's too late! Temperatures are going to rise and terrible weather will become more common because of climate change， according to a new report by the UN-appointed（联合国任命的）Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change （政府间气候变化专门委员会）.“I am sure that the weather is going to get worse,” said a scientist.“And there will be nowhere to run, nowhere to hide.” In addition to this terrible warning, the report also added that not all hope is lost, if the world's leaders take actions quickly.Global（全球的）temperatures will rise by 1.5℃ warmer than before, ten years quicker than in the predictions made just three years ago. Temperatures have already increased by 1.1℃ since the 19th century, resulting in terrible weather events, such as floods in China, fires in Greece and Turkey. If the temperature still increased, the world could experience yearly flooding that used to be a once-in-a-century event.Finally, almost all the global warming recording since the 19th century has been caused by human activities. People can prevent an increase of 1.5℃,but still face many difficulties, partly because not all countries agree on the same net-zero timeline（时间表）1.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. There is no hope of controlling the global warming.B. Terrible weather will become more common because of climate change.C. The world could never experience flooding with increased temperature.D. Fires in Greece and Turkey were caused by human activities.2.How much have the temperatures risen compared to the 19th century level?A.0.8℃.                 B.1℃.                   C.1.1℃.                 D.1.5℃.3.Since the 19th century, almost all the records of global warming have been caused by________.A. forest firesB. human activitiesC. terrible weatherD. serious floods4.Where is the passage probably from?A.A science magazine.B.A textbook.C.A notebook.D. An advertisement D阅读理解主题：遗专家解读“河南暴雨”Q:How heavy were the recent rainstorms in Henan?A:From Saturday morning until Wednesday morning, extreme（极端的）rain rarely seen in history hit most parts of Henan Province. The rain was heaviest in the provincial capital, Zhengzhou, for a short period on Monday and Tuesday. Northern, western and central parts of Henan also experienced downpours（倾 盆大雨），the service said. Zhengzhou＇s biggest one-hour rain-201.9 mm between 4:00 pm and 5:00 pm on Tuesday-was also the highest on the Chinese mainland. The previous record was 198.5 mm in the village of Linzhuang in Zhumadian in August 1975，the National Meteorological（气象的）Center said.Q:Why did the strong rainstorms hit Henan this time?A:Chen Tao, a chief forecaster at the National Meteorological Center， said a lot of water vapor（蒸汽）brought by Typhoon InFa and the province＇s special topography （地形） led to Henan＇s rain.“Partly influenced by the typhoon, large amounts of water vapor have been transported to China's inland areas, including Henan,” he said.Q:How long will the rain last?A:From Thursday to Monday, the rain was forecast to continue in Henan. However, the rain will gradually become less and less in Zhengzhou and northern and central regions of Henan, though the storms will increase the risk of mountain torrents（山洪）and other geological（地质的）disasters1.Which city faced the heaviest rainstorm?A. Zhengzhou.            B. Fuzhou.               C. Beijing.                D. Lanzhou.2.Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A.A heavy rain hit most parts of Henan Province.B. Northern, eastern and central parts of Henan experienced downpours.C. Zhengzhou's biggest one-hour rain was the highest on the Chinese mainland.D. Rain will gradually become less and less in Zhengzhou.3.According to the passage, the heavy rain in Henan was caused by__________.A. medium-scale convective（对流）weatherB. small amounts of water vaporC. Typhoon In-Fa and hot weatherD. a lot of water vapor and special topography4.We can know from the last paragraph that_________.A. it won't have rain next weekB. there were geological disasters in HenanC. the rain will get less in ZhengzhouD. the storms will not increase the risk of mountain torrent sE任务型阅读主题：蓝皮书：中国极端天气事件增多China has reported rising extreme weather events like heavy rainfall and high temperature, according to an official blue paper announced Wednesday. The blue paper, published by the China Meteorological Administration (CMA), showed that the country saw increasing extreme rainfall events in the past sixty years. The extreme heat events and the average intensity fluctuation（强 度波动） of typhoons landing in China have also increased since the 1990s,CMA data showed. However, the paper also showed a decreasing trend of extremely low-temperature events, the average number of days with dusty weather in northern China, and acid rain. Multiple indicators（多重指标）of the climate system suggest that China is likely to face more extreme weather events as global warming continues, according to the paper.Extreme weather and climate events in the world, especially over Europe and North America, are widely studied and frequently reported in the media. These events may be related to the ongoing climate change. In this NSR forum（论坛），active researchers in this field gather to discuss the climate and weather changes in China. They present the current changes, identify knowledge gaps, discuss the research difficulties, and propose ways forward to better serve the society with climate science阅读短文，回答下面1～3小题。1.What extreme weather events will be increasing according to the official blue paper?____________________________________________________________________________________________2.When did the country see increasing extreme rainfall?____________________________________________________________________________________________3.What is China likely to face as global warming continues?____________________________________________________________________________________________F短文填空主题：11岁女孩发起拯救蜜蜂的运动Michael: Hello, Scarlett.(1)              Scarlett: Yeah. The campaign has already achieved some success.Michael: Wow, that's great.(2)            Scarlett: When I saw my neighborhood was wiping out the bees, I thought it's very necessary to do something to protect them.Michael: You're so caring. Most people are afraid of bees.Scarlett: Not at all. Conversely, I think we should take good care of them. They are very important to humans because they pollinate（授粉）a third of our food.Michael: That's true.(4)______________ But not everyone can realize this, so it may be very difficult for you to make all people protect bees or at least not kill them. Will you give up doing this?Scarlett:(5)____________ And I believe we're going to win.阅读短文，从下列选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项A. Maybe, it's too difficult after all.B. What's your reason for doing this?C. No, I'll hold on to the end.D. You're not afraid of them at all?E. I heard you recently started a campaign to save bees.F. Is there anything I can do?G. Without them, we really can't have enough food1.___________  2. ___________  3. ___________  4. ___________  5. ___________  传统文化趣味读捶丸：中国古代的“高尔夫球”Visitors to the Jiangxi Provincial Museum may be surprised to learn that the game of golf has a Chinese pioneer dating back about 900 years. The “Brown Porcelain Ball” has many similarities with golf, such as using a stick for striking balls, hitting balls into small holes, and being played on flat surfaces（平整的表面）.The ball was unearthed（发掘） in Jiangxi＇s Ji＇an City，where the historical site of Jizhou kilns（窑） was located during the Song Dynasty. The ball is solid inside， and is similar to a golf ball in size，said Chen Zhichuan， keeper of historical ceramics relics（陶瓷文物）at the Jiangxi Provincial Museum.According to the museum，the ball game originated from（起源于）the Tang Dynasty，and was mostly played by people from Song to Yuan Dynasties．In 1282，a 32-chapter monograph（专著）about the “Brown Porcelain Ball” was written, thoroughly introducing the game including its history of development，playing courts， implements （工具）， number of players， rules and goals. In ancient China， the ball game was popular among people like ping-pong nowadays. According to the monograph, Song Dynasty emperors were big fans of the ball game, which can also be found on paintings from that era答案解析【A完形填空】1．A 考查名词辨析。A项意为“空气”，B项意为“水”，C项意为“噪声”，D项意为“废物；浪费”。空格所在句意为：蒙古的沙尘随风飘入，是中国频繁出现沙尘暴，导致         污染的主要原因。根据常识可知，沙尘暴属于空气污染，故选A。2．D．考查定语从句。空格所在句为定语从句，先行词是the one，指代前面的沙尘暴。C项who指代人，可排除。A项和B项是关系副词，在从句中作状语，而本句缺主语，因此排除A、B项。D项that在定语从句中既可作主语也可作宾语，此处that在从句中作主语，不可省略。故选D。3．B．考查形容词辨析。A项意为“快速的”，B项意为“最近的”，C项意为“糟糕的”，D项意为“最后的”。B项代人后表示“最近几年”，最符合语境，故选B。4．A。考查固定搭配。A项made的原形是 make。make a big difference to 表示“对·····产生重大影响”，为固定搭配，其余选项均不能与a big difference to 构成合理搭配，故选A。5．C。考查形容词辨析。A项意为“平常的，普通的”，B项意为“奇怪的；陌生的”，C项意为“不寻常的”，D项意为“平常的，不足为奇的”。将四个选项代入文中，只有C项符合上下文语义，表示“异常温度是导致极端天气中出现沙尘的主要原因”。故选C。6．B。考查形容词比较级。A项意为“最高的”，B项意为“更高的”，C项意为“更低的”，D项意为“最低的”。根据常识可知，雪融化是由于温度高，而非低，故排除C项和D项。由空格后的than可知，这里应填比较级，而非最高级。故选B。7.C。考查介词辨析。根据上下文可知，雪融化后，土地是光秃秃的，没有任何覆盖物。A项意为“伴有”，B项意为“·的”，D项意为“在里面”，这些选项都不符合句意。C项意为“没有”，符合语义，故选C。8．D。考查动词短语辨析。A项意为“由引起”，B项意为“由··造成”，C项意为“死于”，D项意为“导致，结果是”。根据上下文可知，沙尘暴导致空气污染，而非沙尘暴由空气污染引起，故选D. 9．B．考查形容词辨析。A项意为“槽糕的”，B项意为“好的”，C项意为“快的”，D项意为“清楚的”。空格所在句意为：他们总共遭受了3000多天的严重空气污染，这将导致今年中国主要城市的空气质量_______天数的比例下降2.4％。由此推断，严重的空气污染肯定会使中国主要城市出现良好空气质量的天数下降，故选B。10．C．考查动词辨析。A项意为“选择”，B项意为“覆盖”，C项意为“导致”，D项意为“完成”。根据上下文可知，来自蒙古的沙尘暴造成良好空气质量天数的比例下降了1.5％，C项代人文中符合文意，故选C。【B阅读理解】1．C．词义猜测题。该单词所在句的意思是“政府周二表示，全球二氧化碳水平创下人类历史新高，表明气候变化仍是一个         问题”。根据上下文可知，文章并没有将气候变化和其他事件进行对比，所以A项错误；将B项“相关的”代入句中，语义不通顺，故B项错误；整篇文章介绍了气候变化带来的影响，并没有说气候变化这个问题无法解决，故D项错误；将C项“具有挑战性的”代入句中语义通顺，而且根据 There is a long way to go in environmental protection, both for China and the international community（中国和国际社会在环境保护方面还有很长的路要走）可以推测，这是一个具有挑战性的问题，故选C。2．A细节理解题。根据 Higher levels of carbon dioxide are making the Earth hotter and have caused a series of bad effects.（二氧化碳浓度升高，使地球变得更热，并造成了一系列不良影响。）可知，A项“造成了大量坏的影响”符合文意。B项“没有对环境造成任何安全风险”与文意相悖，故排除。C项“使得地球更冷“中的“更冷”错误，文中说的是“更热”，故排除。D项“没有产生任何影响”不符合文章意思，故选A。3．A．细节理解题由 climate change remains a challenging problem（气候变化仍是一个具有挑战性的问题）可知A项错误，由 Greenhouse gases in the air showed that human activities still play an important role.（空气中的温室气体 表明，人类活动仍然发挥着重要作用。）可知B项正确。由 Higher levels of carbon dioxide are making the Earth hotter（二氧化碳浓度升高，使地球变得更热）可知C项正确。由 There is a long way to go in environmental protection, both for China and the international community （中国和国际社会在环境保护方面还有很长的路要走）可知D项正确。故选A。【C阅读理解】1．B。细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句中的the reportalso added that not all hope is lost, if the world's leaders take actions quickly可知，减缓全球变暖还是有希望的，故A项错误。根据文章第一段第二句中的terrible weather will become more common because of climate change 可知，由 于气候变化，恶劣的天气将变得更加普遍，故B项正确。根据文章第三段最后一句 If the temperature still increased，the world could experience yearly flooding that used to be a once-in-a-century event.可知，如果气温继续上升，洪水灾害的发生频率会上升，故C项错误。根据文章第三段第二句 Temperatures have already increased by 1.1℃ since the 19th century．．． fires in Greece and Turkey．（自19世纪以来， 气温已经上升了1.1℃···希腊和土耳其的火灾。）可知，造成希腊和土耳其火灾的缘由是气温上升，故D项错误。故选B。2．C。细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句中的Temperatures have already increased by 1.1℃ since the 19th century（自19世纪以来，气温已经上升了1.1℃）可知，气温上升了1.1℃。本题的干扰选项是D项，1.5℃在文章中是指未来的气温将比以前高1.5℃。故选C。3．B。细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句中的almost all the global warming recording since the 19th century has been caused by human activities可知，是人类活动导致全球变暖，故选B。4．A。推理判断题。这篇文章讲述了全球变暖的后果，呼吁我们采取行动减缓全球变暖，是一篇有关环保的文章，最有可能来自科学杂志。A项意为“一本科学杂志”，B项意为“一本教科书”，C项意为“一个笔记本”，D项意为“一则广告”。故选A。【D阅读理解】1．A。细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句中的The rain was heaviest in the provincial capital，Zhengzhou 可知， 郑州遭遇了最强的降雨，故选A。2．B。细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句中的 extreme rain rarely seen in history hit most parts of Henan Province（河南 省大部分地区遭遇了历史上罕见的暴雨）可知A项正确；根据文中第二段第四句 Zhengzhou＇s biggest one-hour rain201.9 mm between 4:00 pm and 5:00 pm on Tuesday-was also the highest on the Chinese mainland．（郑州在周二下午4 点到5点之间出现了最大的一小时降水量，达201.9毫米，也是中国大陆地区最大的一次。）可知C项正确；根据最后一段第二句中的 the rain will gradually become less and less in Zhengzhou（郑州的降雨将逐渐减少）可知D项正确；根据文章第二段第三句中的Northern，western and central parts of Henan also experienced downpours 可知，B项中的 eastern错误，故选B。3．D。细节理解题。A项的意思是“中规模的对流天气”，文中未提及，故排除。根据文中的 large amounts of water vapor have been transported to China＇s inland areas（大量 的水汽被输送到中国的内陆地区）可知，B项“少量的水汽”错误。根据文中的 a lot of water vapor brought by Typhoon In-Fa and the province's special topography led to Henan＇s rain 可知，是台风“烟花”带来的大量水汽和河南省特殊的地形导致了河南的降雨，而非台风“烟花”，“炎热的天气”文中未提及，故C项错误，D项正确，故选D。4．C。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的However，the rain will gradually become less and less in Zhengzhou可知， 郑州的降雨量会减少，而非没有，所以A项it won＇t have rain next week（下周将不再有雨）错误。B项there were geological disasters in Henan（河南发生过地质灾害）在文中并未提及，故排除。C项中的get less表示“变少”，和文中的 become less and less 意思一样，所以C项正确。D项 the storms will not increase the risk of mountain torrents（暴雨不会增加发生山洪的风险）与文中 though the storms will increase the risk of mountain torrents and other geological disasters（尽管暴雨会增加发生山洪和其他地质灾害的风险）相悖，由此可知D项错误，故选C。【E任务型阅读】1． Heavy rainfall and high temperature．根据第一段第一句 China has reported rising extreme weather events like heavy rainfall and high temperature, according to an official blue paper announced Wednesday.（周三发布的一 份官方蓝皮书表示，中国报道了越来越多的极端天气事件，如暴雨和高温。）可知，越来越多的极端天气包括暴雨和高温。2.In the past sixty years.根据第一段第二句中的the country saw increasing extreme rainfall events in the past sixty years（在过去的60年里，中国的极端降雨事件不断增多）可知，时间为过去的60年间。3． China is likely to face more extreme weather events．根据 第一段最后一句 Multiple indicators of the climate system suggest that China is likely to face more extreme weather events as global warming continues, according to the paper. 可知，随着全球变暖的持续，中国可能面临更多的极端天气事件。【F短文填空】（1）E。根据答句中的The campaign可知，空格处涉及campaign，只有E项出现了这个单词，故选E。（2）B。根据答句中斯嘉丽说的话“当我看到我的邻居在消灭蜜蜂的时候，我就觉得有必要做点什么来保护它们”可知，空格处应该是询问斯嘉丽发起这项运动的原因，故选B。（3）D。根据空格前一句“大多数人都害怕蜜蜂”和答句中的Not at all可知，空格处应该是询问斯嘉丽是否害怕它们，故选D。（4）G。根据前面斯嘉丽所说的“它们对人类很重要，因为我们三分之一的食物都是由它们授粉的”和空格前面的That＇s true可知，迈克尔也同意斯嘉丽的观点。G项“没有它们，我们的确不能有足够的食物”与斯嘉丽的观点一致，故选G。（5）C。根据前面迈克尔的提问可知，空格处是对“你会放弃做这件事吗？”这一问题的回答。根据空格后面的“而且我相信我们会取得成功”可知，斯嘉丽不会放弃做这件事，因此C项“不会，我会坚持到底的”符合文意，故选C。