14 科普科技 2022年八年级热点话题时文题型专练

这是一份14 科普科技 2022年八年级热点话题时文题型专练，共10页。
2022年英语时文阅读八年级强化篇主题：科普科技001   A完形填空     互联网遍及各行各业002   B阅读理解     中国第一个由人工智能系统驱动的虚拟学生003   C阅读理解     航天员服装设计师表达了对工作的自豪004   D阅读理解     用于防洪、救灾的科学技术005   E任务型阅读   中国航天员回顾13年前的首次太空行走006   F短文填空     大数据博览会发布49项获奖的科技成果007  传统文化趣味读  文化内幕：上巳节A完形填空主题：互联网遍及各行各业According to the latest report from the Internet Society of China, the population of Internet users in China hit 989 million by the end of 2020.As 5G networks have been speeding up to  1  ,the number of new building mobile communication base stations  2  900,000, and the total number of stations hit 9.31 million in 2020. The scale of the industrial （工业的） Internet industry reached 916.48 billion yuan last year and saw an  3  of 10.4 percent from a year earlier. The country＇s digital economy（数字经济）continued to grow  4  to hit 39.2 trillion yuan in 2020, making it the world's second-largest in digital economy scale.Last year, the country's  5  video market size hit 241.2 billion yuan and saw a jump of 44 percent year-on-year,  6  the digital music market size was 73.2 billion yuan, up 10 percent from a year earlier.Influenced by the COVID-19,which resulted  7   people staying at home， the demand （需求） for online entertainment had a strong showing last year, with the market size of online gaming reaching 340.59 billion yuan.The online education market kept steady  8  in 2020,with the figure（数字）hitting 485.8 billion yuan， up 20.2 percent from a year earlier.The Internet medical and health  9  was developing rapidly last year, with market size hitting 196.1 billion yuan, which increased by 47 percent year-on-year. The figure is   10  to reach 283.1 billion yuan in 2021,growing 45 percent year-on-year1.A.monitorB. buildC. researchD. improve2.A.reachedB. gotC. arrivedD. made3.A.inventionB. informationC. influenceD. increase4.A.graduallyB. rapidlyC. slowlyD. strongly5.A.offlineB. realC. richD. online6.A.whenB. whileC. butD. so7.A.inB. ofC. fromD. to8.A.truthB. lengthC. strengthD. growth9.A.marketB. exhibitionC. storeD. mall10.A.plannedB. expectedC. suggestedD. experiencedB阅读理解主题：中国第一个由人工智能系统驱动的虚拟学生On June 3,Hua Zhibing announced she would study in the Department of Computer Science and Technology at Tsinghua University. Hua has something that sets her apart from an average college student - she is China＇s first virtual（虚拟 的） student powered by a homegrown（国产的）large-scale artificial intelligence（AI）（人工智能）system. Tang Jie is the vice academic director of BAAI（北京智源人工智能研究院）vice academics and professor at the Department of Computer Science and Technology of Tsinghua University, one of the major developers of Hua Zhibing.He said that Hua Zhibing is the result of the efforts. Hua was trained by the BAAI, along with technology companies Zhipu. AI and Xiaoice. The virtual student said she would study under the tutelage（指导）of Tang and has been racing against time to learn and improve every day in areas such as her logical reasoning（逻 辑推理）abilities. According to Tang， his virtual student will grow and learn faster than an ordinary person. If she begins learning at the level of a six-year-old this year, she will be at the level of a twelve-year-old in a year.Hua Zhibing cannot completely study and live like ordinary students at this time, and she also will not experience emotional issues, said Tang. “We hope that she will master skills first and then seek breakthroughs （突破） in reasoning and emotional interaction（情感交流），”he said1.Where will Hua Zhibing study?A. At Tsinghua University.B. At Peking University.C. At Shanghai University.D .At Tianjin University.2.Why is Hua different from other college students?A. She will study under the tutelage of Tang.B. She is China's first virtual student powered by AI system.C. She begins learning at the level of a six-year-old this year.D. She can use the artificial intelligence system.3.Which column（栏目）of a magazine is the passage taken from?A. Science.B. Culture.C. Education.D. EntertainmentC阅读理解主题：航天员服装设计师表达了对工作的自豪After three astronauts entered China's space station core module （核心舱） on Thursday for a three-month stay， their clothes, food and everything they do have become of great interest to people on Earth. While watching the live broadcast of the astronauts entering the core module, Zheng Rong, a professor at Donghua University in Shanghai, had her eye on their shoes. She was the main designer of the space shoes worn by the astronauts.“We designed the shoes as if they are an extension （延 伸） of the feet，”Zheng said. “Hundreds of adjustments that we made in designing the shoes were all aimed at providing comfort and support in the space environment.” Chinese characters were added on the soles （鞋底） of the shoes. Written in the seal script（篆书） style commonly used 2,000 years ago in China， the characters mean “to catch the moon in the highest sky.” The words are part of a poem written by famous Tang Dynasty poet Li Bai.The university said some of the clothing was specially designed to alleviate（减轻）the muscle atrophy（肌肉萎缩） the astronauts will experience in the low-gravity（低重力） environment, while other clothing was made specifically to help them regulate （调节） their moods and emotions. Li Jun said， “Donghua University has been tasked with designing astronaut clothes since the 1990s,and we are all excited to see the clothes worn by generations of Chinese astronauts, with many more to come. 1.The underlined word “characters” in Paragraph 2 means         in Chinese.A.商标B.角色C.特征D.文字2.How many years has Donghua University been tasked with designing astronaut clothes?A. About10.B. About20.C. About30.D. About40.3.The writer wrote the article to        .A. introduce the differences between astronauts' shoes and clothesB. discuss the advantages and disadvantages about astronauts' shoesC. introduce the designers of astronauts' clothesD. make more people know something about astronauts' shoes and clothes D阅读理解主题：用于防洪、救灾的科学技术A large number of advanced technologies have been used in China＇s all-out efforts to control flood （洪水） in Central China＇s Henan Province. Here are some of the highlights.1．Unmanned Aircraft（无人机）China used unmanned aircraft to restore （恢复） communication services and survey conditions in several parts of Henan Province that were seriously influenced by recent heavy rain and flooding.A Wing Loong 2H disaster-assistance unmanned aircraft took off on the afternoon of July 21 from the Anshun airport and flew nearly 1,200 kilometers before arriving over Henan's Mihe town. The aircraft then began to fly around the flood-hit town to provide communication links （连接） to people using the China Mobile network.2．Rescue Robots（救生机器人）On July 20, some 118 sets of Dolphin 1 over-water life-saving robots were used to aid professional water rescue teams in Zhengzhou, Henan Province.The Dolphin 1 robot is a smart rescue lifeboat（救生艇）that can be controlled in the distance. The robot is easy to carry, and it can carry loads of up to 150 kilograms while also dragging three people to safety.3．Pumping Vehicles（抽水车）Pumping vehicles with equipment specialized（专门的）for discharging（排出） water were used in Henan to pump and discharge water and restore traffic． A rescue team of 1,800 firefighters（消防员） has been deployed（部署）to the flood-hit area from seven neighboring provinces, together with boats, pumping vehicles, and flood rescue equipment1.How many rescue techniques are mentioned in the article?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.2.What did the unmanned aircraft do around the areas that were influenced by the flood?A. It helped people to carry supplies.B. It was used to aid professional water rescue teams.C. It discharged water and restored the traffic.D. It provided communication links to people.3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. An unmanned aircraft took off on the afternoon of July 20 from the Anshun airport.B. Rescue robots were deployed to aid professional water rescue teams in Luo Yang.C. The Dolphin 1 robot is an intelligent rescue lifeboat.D. The firefighters deployed to the flood-hit area were from six neighboring provinces E任务型阅读主题：中国航天员回顾13年前的首次太空行走Chinese astronauts Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo completed a spacewalk on Sunday. With this mission （任务）China is reaching another milestone （里程碑） in space after that important success in 2008.Recalling （回忆） the amazing moments during his first spacewalk 13 years ago during the Shenzhou-7 mission, Liu said that he was ready to sacrifice （牺牲） himself in case of an accident. On September 25, 2008, astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng started their journey on Shenzhou-7 spacecraft.On September 27, just as Zhai and Liu were preparing to carry out China＇s first spacewalk， a fire alarm （警报器） suddenly went off. The astronauts went on immediate alert（警戒）.At a time when the eyes of millions of Chinese were upon them, the astronauts had to make the difficult choice of checking out the alarm or going ahead with the mission.Liu later said in an interview that he thought his life and personal safety were unimportant in comparison（比较） with the national interest. The two astronauts waved the Five-Starred Red Flag in space and greeted the world immediately after exiting （离开）the capsule（太空舱）.Liu later said they were ready to sacrifice when they waved the flag for the whole world. Luckily, they were safe. From that amazing moment in 2008, up until today's successful spacewalk at the space station, China has made countless efforts to become a major space power阅读短文，回答下面1～3小题。1.What did Liu Boming say when recalling the amazing moments during his first spacewalk 13 years ago during the Shenzhou-7 mission?____________________________________________________________________________________________2.When did astronaut Zhai Zhigang, Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng start their journey on Shenzhou-7 spacecraft?____________________________________________________________________________________________3.Did the astronauts successfully complete the space mission in the end?____________________________________________________________________________________________F短文填空主题：大数据博览会发布49项获奖的科技成果Forty-nine advanced scientific and technology achievements were awarded at the Big Data Expo in Guiyang on Wednesday, representing the(1)               (late) technologies in the big data industry worldwide.The honors, which included seven “black technologies”, 10 new technologies,20 new(2)       (product), seven business modes and five sci-tech achievements in fighting the pandemic（流行病），were approved by the National Office for Science and Technology Awards, the only(3)        (society) technology award in the field of big data all over the country, according to a Xinhua report.This year's selection, which began across the world on Feb 4,         （receive） 560 nominations（提名）from big data and related industries, with 49 technologies (5)         （final）voted（投票） by leading experts of the industry. As the world is still (6)         (influence) by the COVID-19 pandemic（新冠肺炎疫情），the awards set a special sector（部分） for sci-tech fighting against the pandemic and showed achievements that have made outstanding contributions （贡献）in the prevention （预防），control and treatment of the pandemic by (7)      _____________(use) big data-related technologies. Black technology award(8)        (win), including Huawei, Moviebook, Kugou, Ant group, Tencent, and Qi-Anxin Technology, showed(9)       (they) latest technologies during the award ceremony （仪式），Guiyang Daily reported.The China International Big Data Expo 2021,which(10)        (run) until Friday in Guiyang, is an event widely known as a world-class platform（平台），serving to share the latest achievements in the big data industry阅读短文，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.__________  2. __________  3. __________  4. __________  5. __________  6.__________  7. __________  8. __________  9. __________  10. __________  传统文化趣味读文化内幕：上巳节Shangsi Festival, also known as the Double Third Festival, is an ancient Chinese festival celebrated on the third day of the third lunar （农历的） month， which falls on April 14 this year． It is a festival mainly observed by Chinese ethnic （民族的） groups， including Han and Zhuang， to avoid ill spirits and natural disasters（灾难）.The Shangsi Festival is also a day considered to be the possible birthday of the Yellow Emperor. A well-known phrase goes, “San yue san, Xuan Yuan sheng”, meaning,“On the third day of the third month, the Xuan Yuan (Yellow Emperor) was born.”1．Origin（起源）of the FestivalThere are many theories （理论） about the festival＇s true origins. Some say it comes from a dinner party held on the banks of the Qushui River during the Zhou Dynasty（周朝）.Others say it comes from the custom of getting rid of evil by bathing in the river.2.Customs of the FestivalDuring the festival, Han people would go for outings, enjoy flowers in the fields and date with their lovers. It is also a day used for cleansing rituals （仪式） to prevent disease and get rid of bad luck.3.Traditional FoodFive-colored sticky（黏性的）rice and painted eggs are traditional food for the Shangsi Festival. The Zhuang people believe rice is good for health and painted eggs are seen as a symbol of love答案解析【A完形填空】1．B。考查动词辨析。A项意为“监视”，B项意为“建造”，C项意为“研究”，D项意为“改进”。根据下文new building mobile communication base stations（新建移动 通信基站）可知B项符合语义，故选B。2．A。考查动词辨析。A项意为“到达；达到”，常指到达某个地方或达到某一水平、阶段等；B项意为“得到；到达”，意为“到达”时常指到达某个地方；C项意为“到达”，常指到达某个地方；D项意为“制作；使”。根据上下文可知，这里要表达的是通信基站的数量达到了90万个。故选A。3．D。考查名词辨析。A项意为“发明”，B项意为“信息”，C项意为“影响”，D项意为“增长”。下文多次用grow、jump、up、increase等词来表示产业规模增长，由此可推断出D项最符合语境。故选D。4．B。考查副词辨析。A项意为“逐步地”，B项意为“快速地”，C项意为“缓慢地”，D项意为“强烈地”。结合上下文可知，这里指经济增长快，B项符合文意，故选B。5．D。考查形容词辨析。A项意为“离线的”，B项意为“真实的”，C项意为“丰富的；富有的”，D项意为“在线的”。结合上下文可知，本文围绕互联网在中国各行各业的发展展开叙述，由此可知D项最符合语境。故选D。6．B。考查连词辨析。根据上下文可知，空格前后的内容不构成转折，也不构成因果关系，故C、D两项都不正确。A项作并列连词时表示“当·····时”，也不符合文意。B项表示“而；却”，表对照关系，符合逻辑，故选B。7．A。考查动词词组辨析。A项与result构成短语 result in，后面常接结果，表示“导致.”。C项与result构成短语 result from，后面常接原因，表示“由·引起”。而to和of均不能与result构成合理搭配，故B、D两项都不正确。将A项代人文中意为“受新冠肺炎疫情的影响，许多人待在家里”，符合语境，故选A。8．D。考查名词辨析。A项意为“真相”，B项意为“长度”，C项意为“力量”，D项意为“增长，发展”。结合下文up 20.2 percent from a year earlier（比上一年增长20.2％） 可知，2020年在线教育市场保持稳步增长。故选D。9．A。考查名词辨析。A项意为“市场”，B项意为“展览”，C项意为“商店”，D项意为“大型购物商场”。根据文意及上文提到的video market可知这里指的是“互联网医疗保健行业”，故选A。10．B。考查动词辨析。A项意为“计划”，B项意为“期望”，C项意为“建议”，D项意为“经历”。空格所在句意为：到2021年，这一数字         将达到2831亿元，同比增长45％。上文提到了互联网医疗保健行业已经取得的发展成果，结合上下文可知，空格处提出了对该行业未来发展的期望。故选B。【B阅读理解】1．A。细节理解题。根据第一段第一句On June 3，HuaZhibing announced she would study in the Department of Computer Science and Technology at Tsinghua University. （6月3日，华智冰宣布将就读于清华大学计算机科学与技术系。）可知，华智冰将在清华大学学习。故选A。2．B。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句 Hua has something that sets her apart from an average college student- she is China's first virtual student powered by a homegrown large-scale artificial intelligence（AI） system.（华智冰有着与一 般大学生不同的特质-她是第一个中国自主研发的由大型人工智能系统驱动的虚拟学生。）可知，华智冰和其他同学的不同之处在于，她是一个由人工智能系统驱动的虚拟学生。故选B。3．A。推理判断题。A项意为“科学”，B项意为“文化”、C项意为“教育”，D项意为“娱乐”。通过阅读文章可知，这是一篇科技文，故选A。【C阅读理解】1．D。词义猜测题。该词所在句意为：鞋底上加了        。下文提到了 Written in the seal script style（篆书写成的）和The words（这些字），因此可推断出 characters是“文字”的意思，故选D。2．C。细节理解题。最后一段最后一句提到Donghua University has been tasked with designing astronaut clothes since the 1990s（东华大学从20世纪90年代开始就参与航天员服装的设计），由此可推断出到现在已差不多有30年，故选C. 3．D。主旨大意题。文章第一段通过介绍航天员进驻空间站引出下文对航天员服装的介绍，第二段介绍了航天员舱内用鞋的设计细节，第三段介绍了不同功能的航天服。A项“介绍航天员的鞋子和衣服之间的不同”和B项“讨论航天员鞋子的优缺点”均未在原文提及。C项“介绍航天员服装的设计师”虽在原文中有提及，但不是文章讨论的重点，故排除。D项“让更多的了解航天员的鞋子和衣服”最符合文意，故选D。【D阅读理解】1．C。细节理解题。文章提到了三种防洪救援技术：无人机、救生机器人和抽水车。故选C。2．D。细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句The aircraft then began to fly around the flood-hit town to provide communication links to people using the China Mobile network.（然后，无人机开始在洪水受灾区飞行，为使用中国移动网络的人们提供通信联结。）可知，D项“它为人们提供通信连接”与原文相符。故选D。3．C。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，A项中的July20错误，原文是July 21。第四段第一句提到，118套海豚1号水面救生机器人被用于援助河南省郑州市的专业水上救援队，B项中的Luo Yang与原文不符。根据第五段第一句可知，海豚1号水面救生机器人是一种智能救生艇，故C项正确。根据最后一段第二句可知，消防员来自邻近的七个省，而不是六个省，故D项错误。故选C。【E任务型阅读】1. He said that he was ready to sacrifice himself in case of an accident.根据文章第二段第一句Recalling the amazing moments during his first spacewalk 13 years ago during the Shenzhou-7 mission, Liu said that he was ready to sacrifice himself in case of an accident．（回想起13年前在神舟七号任务期间他第一次进行太空行走时的惊人时刻，刘伯明提到他已经准备好在遭遇意外时牺牲自己。）可得出答案。2.On September 25,2008．根据文章第二段第二句On September 25,2008,astronauts Zhai Zhigang,Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng started their journey on Shenzhou-7 spacecraft. （2008年9月25日，航天员翟志刚、刘伯明和景海鹏乘坐神舟七号飞船开启了他们的太空之旅。）可得出答案。3．Yes，they did．从文章最后一段倒数第二句Luckily，they were safe.（幸运的是，他们平安无事。）可以获悉航天员们成功地完成了任务。【F短文填空】（1）latest。late的意思是“迟的，晚的”。空格所在部分意为“代表了全球大数据产业的         技术”，结合下文提到的 serving to share the latest achievements in the big data industry（旨在分享大数据行业的最新成果）可推断出，这里应表示“最近的；最新的”，故填latest。（2）products。前面提到了20，故空格处需要填入名词的复数形式，故填 products。（3）social。technology是名词，需要用形容词修饰，故空格处填society的形容词形式social，意为“社会科技奖”，符合语境，故填social。（4）received。根据空格前的began可知，空格处为过去时态，所以空格处需要填入动词过去式，故填 received。（5）finally。根据句子结构可知空格所在句不缺成分。final为形容词，后面的voted为动词，动词要用副词修饰，故填 finally。（6）influenced。空格所在句意为：由于全球仍然受到新冠肺炎疫情的          同时结合空格前的is和空格后的by可知，空格处需要填入一个过去分词，构成被动语态，故填 influenced。（7）using。空格前的by是介词，介词后面跟动名词，所以use需要变成动名词，故填using。（8）winners。根据上下文可知，空格后的Huawei，Movie-book, Kugou, Ant group, Tencent, and Qi-Anxin Technology都是“黑科技”获奖单位。winner意为“获胜者”，代人原文后符合语境，故填winners。（9）their。这里指展示了他们的最新技术，用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故填their。（10）runs。which引导的是定语从句，which是关系代词，指代前面的The China International Big Data Expo 2021 （2021中国国际大数据产业博览会），这是一个单数名词，所以后面的谓语动词要用第三人称单数，故填runs.