02 医疗健康 2022年八年级热点话题时文题型专练

这是一份02 医疗健康 2022年八年级热点话题时文题型专练，共12页。
2022年英语时文阅读八年级强化篇主题：医疗健康001   A完形填空     世界卫生组织呼吁暂停接种强化疫苗002   B阅读理解     实验室中发生了什么？003   C阅读理解     苏格兰的疫苗证书004   D阅读理解     出生时最小的婴儿住院13个月后回家了005   E任务型阅读   世界各地的医护人员面临越来越多的暴力006   F短文填空     全科手术将会回归正常吗？007  传统文化趣味读  场地自行车金牌得主头盔上的标志性设计A完形填空主题：世界卫生组织呼吁暂停接种强化疫苗Countries around the world are trying to get their people vaccinated （给······接种疫苗） as much as they can due to the COVID-19．WHO Chief Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said a(n)  1  would allow for at least 10% of the  2  in every country to be vaccinated. A number of  3  including Israel （以色列） and Germany have announced plans on a third dose（药剂）.  4  Dr. Tedros has warned poorer nations are falling  5  .According to the WHO, low-income countries have only been able to provide 1.5 doses for every 100 people  6  a lack（缺少）of supply. Dr. Tedros said that there needed to be a reversal（逆转）and that the majority （大多数） of vaccines should  7  lower-income countries.“I understand the thought of all governments to  8 their people from the Delta variant（德尔塔变种病毒）.But we cannot  9  countries that have already used most of the global supply of vaccines  10  even more of it,” he added. It is a strong call from the WHO,  11  the organization attempts to narrow（缩小）the difference between high-income and low-income nations. It had wanted 10% of people in every country to be vaccinated by next month, but that goal may not be  12  in the present situation.This is not the first time that Dr. Tedros has called  13  richer nations to donate vaccine supplies to low-income countries. In May, he called on wealthier nations to put off plans to give children and teenagers vaccines and  14  donate those supplies, and WHO has called for a pause on booster vaccines（疫苗加强针）for COVID-19  15  at least the end of September1.A.stopB. startC. endD. continuation2.A.popularityB. medicineC. populationD. illness3.A.landsB. villagesC. citiesD. countries4.A.AndB. ButC. ThusD. Besides5.A.awayB. behindC. forD. down6.A.because ofB. as well asC. as long asD. just as7.A.go offB. go downC. go awayD. go to8.A.preventB. protectC. promiseD. pass9.A.acceptB. obeyC. followD. act10.A.wastingB. recyclingC. usingD. throwing11.A.whichB. asC. thatD. who12.A.seenB. facedC. achievedD. missed13.A.backB. atC. onD. off14.A.thereforeB. insteadC. stillD. also15.A.untilB. unlessC. whenD. sinceB阅读理解主题：实验室中发生了什么？Alongside the Fort Detrick lab, a biological lab at a university, led by well-known coronavirus （新型状病毒）researcher Ralph Baric, has become the focus of public attention in the search for the origins （起源） of COVID-19．Many people pointed to its poor safety record and researchers were not willing to speak to the public. The lab was asked to invite World Health Organization (WHO) experts to carry out an investigation（调查）.Reasons for the investigation:1.Frequent（频繁的）lab accidents．2.Unclear safety system.3.Double standards of the government.Timeline:Aug.2015A mouse with a type of new virus escaped. The name of the virus was kept a secret.Oct.2015A box full of the virus fell to the floor and broke.Nov.2015Two lab workers were possibly exposed（暴露）to the virus when an empty cage with infected（受感染的） animal bedding fell to the floor of the lab.Feb.2016A mouse with the virus bit a lab researcher's finger. he virus was on a list of dangerous pathogens（病原体）.Apr.2017A plate with the virus was dropped by a researcher onto the lab door and then onto the floor.Apr.2020A scientist was bit by a mouse and no further information about the worker's health was reported.1.Which is NOT the reason why WHO should investigate the lab?A. Several accidents happened in the lab.B. Baric was unwilling to do the research.C. The lab was regarded as unsafe.D. The government had double standards.2. When did the box with the virus fall to the floor?A.Aug.2015.              B.Oct.2015.              C.Apr.2017.              D.Apr.2020.3.How many times did the mouse bite the people working in the lab?A. Once.    B. Twice.                C. Three times.            D. Four times.4.What can be inferred from the passage?A. Researchers of the lab were willing to speak to the public.B. A mouse in the lab was killed by the virus.C. The virus might get leaked（泄 漏）from the lab.D.WHO was very happy to investigate the lab.5.If WHO were to investigate the lab, they would seek the answer of__________.A. why the mouse escapedB. why the lab wasn't safeC. why Baric did the researchD. why COVID-19 spreadC阅读理解主题：苏格兰的疫苗证书With the vaccination（接种疫苗）program racing against new variants （变种病毒），rules around international travel are changing fast. Although different countries have their own entry rules（准入规 则），a digital （数字的）“passport” which provides information about a person's vaccination has been used across the EU.Q：What is a vaccine certificate（证书）？A: People in Scotland have been able to get their certificate since 19 May-which shows personal information, both the dates of COVID vaccination and the type of drug. The government said the service was aimed to allow people to have a certificate without asking their GP（全科医生）.While no countries required vaccination status （状态） to travel when the service started, some countries now do - and destinations （目的地） have different entry rules which can change at short notice.Q:How do you get a vaccine certificate in Scotland?A:The Scottish government has advised people to request the certificate if they are going to travel in the next 21 days. People can get their vaccine status through the website. Users have to log in（登录）using a unique username on their COVID vaccination appointment letter. At first, people could only download the document， but on 22 May the website had a security （安全） glitch which enabled （能够）people to change details on the document.Q:What's happening in the rest of Europe?A: A vaccine “passport” has been introduced across all 27 member nations - plus Switzerland, Iceland, Norway and Liechtenstein（列支敦士登）1. What is a vaccine certificate?A. It is a document that allows people to travel internationally.B. It is a document that records people's vaccination information.C. It is a piece of paper that records the details of global vaccination. D. It is a document that people have to ask their GP.2.Which of the information is NOT shown on the vaccine certificate?A. Name.B. The date of getting vaccinated.C. The destination.D. The type of drug.3.On which date can Scottish people get their vaccine certificates?A. April 19.               B. May 17.               C. May 21.               D. It is unclear.4.What does the underlined word “glitch” in Paragraph 6 mean?A. Problem.    B. Code（密码）.         C. Rule.        D. Chance.5.Which country has NOT introduced vaccine “passport" according to the passage?A. The UK.    B. Switzerland.            C. Iceland.        D. America D阅读理解主题：出生时最小的婴儿住院13个月后回家了A baby thought to be the world's smallest at birth is now healthy enough to leave hospital after 13 months of intensive （加强的） treatment． The baby was just 212g- the weight of an apple-when she was born and measured 24cm long. She was delivered （接生） at just under 25 weeks-far short of the average 40.Her mother gave birth to her by emergency C-section（剖 宫产） four months early after she was diagnosed（诊断）with preeclampsia（先兆子痫）-dangerous high blood pressure that can damage important organs （器官） and be dangerous for both mother and baby. She now weighs a much healthier 6.3kg．The baby girl had a “limited chance of survival （存活）”， according to the hospital where she was born.“Against the odds （困难），with health complications（并 发症） present at birth， she has inspired people around her， which makes her an amazing miracle,” the hospital said in a statement. During her time in hospital, the baby was given all kinds of treatment and depended on different kinds of machines to continue to live.Doctors said her health and development progressed well under their care and she is now well enough to be discharged. And Doctors said she was expected to get better with time. Her mother told local media that the baby's birth and size came as a shock because her first child - a four-year-old boy-was delivered at term（足月）1. Which of the following statements is NOT CORRECT?A. The smallest baby was in hospital for 13 months.B. Babies are usually delivered after 40 weeks on average.C. The smallest baby was delivered naturally.D. The smallest baby is healthy enough now to be at home.2.What did the doctors think at first when the baby was born?A. She probably would not make it.B. She would get healthier after treatment.C. She would grow normally but with health problems.D. She might depend on machines to live all the time.3.Which word can best describe the baby?A. Strength.   B. Miracle.               C. Hope.        D. Health.4.The underlined word “discharged” in the last paragraph means_________.A.免费   B.出院                  C.死亡        D.放弃5.What is the best title for this passage? A. Doctors' Hard WorkB. Rising Hope in Medical FieldC. Difficulties of the Smallest Baby at BirthD. Smallest Baby Back Home After Treatment E任务型阅读主题：世界各地的医护人员面临越来越多的暴力Over 2,700 attacks （袭击） on healthcare workers and patients have been recorded in 17 countries or territories（领土） influenced by violence since Dec.2017.  1  ,the World Health Organization (WHO) said on Tuesday.Presenting the findings of the WHO's latest “Attacks on Health Care” report， the organization＇s representatives （代表） said that one out of six such attacks resulted in death.  2  .“  3  ,hospitals closed, health workers killed or hurt, and millions of people denied the healthcare they deserve（值 得）in countries and regions （地区） like Ethiopia， Yemen， Syria, Mozambique, Nigeria, the occupied Palestinian territory, Myanmar, the Central African Republic and Somalia, among others,” the report said.In 2020, alongside the spread of COVID-19 in the world, 333 confirmed（已被证实的）attacks were reported to the WHO， killing 239 healthcare workers and patients. According to the WHO, 588 attacks on healthcare workers have been reported this year.  4  .The coronavirus pandemic（新冠肺炎疫情）has been especially hard on hospital workers, nurses and doctors.  5  .阅读短文，从下列选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项。A. The present situation probably is one of the darkest times that healthcare staff are facingB. We are deeply worried that hundreds of medical facilities （设施）have been destroyedC. This violence influenced not only healthcare workers but also patients heavilyD. The attacks have killed 700 people and hurt more than 2,000E. They are frequent victims (受 害者）of discrimination（歧视）and attacks1.___________   2.___________   3.___________   4.___________   5.___________   F短文填空主题：全科手术将会回归正常吗？At present, many businesses can reopen with risk assessments （评估）of COVID-19，although face（1）___________in many indoor places will(2)        .But what about GP surgeries（全科手术）？When the pandemic （流行病） began， surgeries quickly put measures in place to (3)       infections（感染） from spreading among the weakest-older people and(4)       living with certain medical conditions. This meant phone consultations（咨询） for face-to-face appointments were necessary, and GPs said they had never been busier. But some people told BBC News they were (5)        with this system.A man said, “If you are lucky enough to have someone(6)________up the phone, you have to tell themwhat's wrong before they decide if it＇s an emergency （紧急情况） or not. If you get past that stage, you then get a call back from a doctor, who then(7)         if you need to actually be seen.”He said the hospital had banned （禁止） patients from commenting it on social media， threatening （恐吓） to remove （移除） them as(8)         if they did. Requesting anonymity （匿名）， as a result， he said， “There＇s a notice(9)      that if anything negative about the practice was on social media, then that patient would be removed from there.” The hospital apologized （道歉） and said it would change the notice immediately. The health board said, “We can give assurances（保证）that making a complaint or sharing bad experience should not(10)        any patient being removed from a list.阅读短文，从方框中选择合适的单词并用其正确的形式填空，使短文通顺，意思完整Unhappy     state    remain    lead to    those    patient    mask    decide   prevent     pick传统文化趣味读场地自行车金牌得主头盔上的标志性设计The eye-catching red-and-gold helmets（头盔）with a flying phoenix （凤凰）worn by Chinese women track cyclists（场地自行车运动员） came into the spotlight at the Tokyo Olympics.Cyclists Zhong Tianshi and Bao Shanju were wearing the helmets named Feng Ming，literally（字 面上）the “call of the phoenix”， when they won the gold medal in the women＇s team sprint（冲刺）on the night of Aug.2.“I am excited to see them winning with the helmets designed by us. It feels like we have won together and shown the world some traditional Chinese culture,” said the founder of the studio which designed and painted the helmets.The studio＇s design integrated（使融入）traditional Chinese cultural elements （元素）into the equipment for the national team. “The phoenix is the king of birds in ancient Chinese legends（传说） and has an important place in Chinese culture,” he added.On the helmet， the phoenix flies with the national flag. The underlying（在下面的）patterns（图 案）include a female （女性的）role in traditional Chinese operas and on the back is the peony（牡丹）， regarded as an auspicious （吉利的） flower in China.Notably（值得注意的是），a personal touch was incorporated（包含） on Bao Shanju＇s helmet， which，as she wished，had a pattern depicting（描绘）the ancient city wall of Luoyang， her hometown inHenan Province.On the helmets of the other women cyclists， the city wall was replaced（代替）by auspicious clouds， which were also used in the design of the torch（火炬） for the Beijing Olympic Games in 2008答案解析【A完形填空】1．A。考查名词辨析。A项意为“停止，中止”，B项意为“开始”，C项意为“结束”，D项意为“继续”。由后文可知，世界卫生组织应该是呼吁暂停强化疫苗的接种，这样能让每个国家有10％的人口接种疫苗。故选A。2．C。考查名词辨析。A项意为“流行”，B项意为“药品”，C项意为“人口”，D项意为“疾病”。句意为，暂停接种将使每个国家至少10％的         能够接种疫苗，只能是人接种疫苗，故表示“人”的C项更符合句意。故选C。3．D。考查名词辨析。A项意为“土地”，B项意为“村庄”，C项意为“城市”，D项意为“国家”。后文中列举的Israel（以色列）、Germany（德国）都是国家的名称。故选D。4．B。考查连词辨析。A项意为“和；并且”，B项意为“但是”，C项意为“因此；从而”，D项意为“此外；况且”。空格前提到，一些国家已经开始进行第三针疫苗的接种；空格后提到贫穷国家的接种情况，由warned可知，贫穷国家的接种情况非常不理想。空格前后是转折关系，故选B。5．B。考查固定搭配。A项意为“离去，离开”，fall away意为“消失；背离”，B项意为“在后面较远处”，fall behind意为“落后”，C项意为“为了”，fall for意为“迷恋；信以为真”，D项意为“在下面”，fall down意为“跌倒；失败”。句意为，较贫穷国家的接种正                其他国家。由句中的warned可知，较贫穷国家在疫苗接种方面要落后于其他国家，故选B。6．A。考查短语辨析。A项意为“因为，由于”，B项意为“也”，C项意为“只要”，D项意为“就像”。句意为，世界卫生组织称，                 供应不足，低收入国家每100人只能使用1.5剂疫苗。“供应不足”与“每100人只能使用1.5剂疫苗”之间为因果关系，故选A。7．D。考查短语辨析。A项意为“离开；进行”，B项意为“下降”，C项意为“离开”，D项意为“转到；去往”。句意为，我们需要逆转这一形势，应该将大多数疫苗提供给低收入国家。空格所在并列分句的主语为“疫苗”. 因此空格所填词应该表示“转到，去往”，故选D。8．B．考查动词辨析。A项意为“阻止，阻碍”，B项意为“保护”，C项意为“承诺”，D项意为“通过”。根据上下文可知，各国政府想要保护他们的人民，所以B项更加符合句意。故选B。9．A。考查动词辨析。A项意为“接受”，B项意为“服从”，C项意为“跟随”，D项意为“行动；表演”。句意为，但我们不能                已经使用了全球大部分疫苗的国家               更多的疫苗。将选项代入文中，只有A项最符合此处语境。故选A。10．C。考查动词辨析。A项意为“浪费”，B项意为“回收”，C项意为“使用”，D项意为“扔”。本篇文章讲的是世界卫生组织呼吁高收入国家暂停接种强化疫苗，并把疫苗捐赠给那些疫苗紧缺的贫穷国家，即呼吁那些“已经使用了全球大部分疫苗的国家”不要再继续使用更多的疫苗。故选C。11．B。考查状语从句。空格前提到，这是世界卫生组织发出的强烈呼吁；空格后提到该机构试图缩小高收入国家和低收入国家之间的差距。空格后的句子结构完整，且空格前后的句子为因果关系。B项as可引导原因状语从句，符合文意。故选B。12．C。考查固定搭配。goal意为“目标”，“实现目标”一般用动词 achieve或 realize 进行搭配，故选C。13．C。考查固定搭配。call back意为“回电话；召回”；call at 意为“拜访，访问”；call on意为“号召；要求”；call off意为“取消”。句意为，这不是谭德塞博士第一次         富裕国家向低收入国家捐赠疫苗。将四个选项代入文中，可知call on符合文意，故选C。14．B．考查副词辨析。A项意为“因此”，B项意为“反面；代替”，C项意为“仍然；更”，D项意为“也”。句意为，5月，他呼吁富裕国家推迟给儿童和青少年接种疫苗的计划，                    捐赠这些疫苗。将四个选项代入文中，可知B项符合文意，故选B。15．A．考查连词辨析。A项意为“直到··．．为止”，B项意为“除非”，C项意为“当......的时候”，引导时间状语从句，D项意为“自从”。句意为，世界卫生组织呼吁至少在9月月底                    暂停使用新冠疫苗加强针。将四个选项代入文中，可知until符合要求，散选A【B阅读理解】1．B．细节理解题。根据题干中的the reason定位到表格对应位置。实验室经常出现事故、安全系统不清晰以及政府的双标政策都是大众要求世界卫生组织调查该实验室的原因。文中未提及B项，故选B。2．B。细节理解题。根据题干中的the box定位到表格对应位置。A box full of the virus fell to the floor and broke. （一个装满病毒的盒子掉在地上摔碎了。）对应的时间是Oct．2015（2015年10月），故选B。3．B。细节理解题。根据题干中的bite定位到表格对应位置。在2016年2月和2020年4月都出现过实验室工作人员被带有病毒的老鼠咬过的事故，所以答案为两次，故选B。4．C。推理判断题。根据老鼠从实验室中逃跑、多次咬人以及装有病毒的盒子破损等一系列事故，我们可以推测病毒可能是从实验室中泄漏的，故选C。5．D。推理判断题。全文列举了实验室的事故，说明病毒可能是从实验室传播出去的，所以世界卫生组织如果去实验室调查也是为了寻求病毒传播的原因。故选D。【C阅读理解】1．B。细节理解题。根据题干中的 vaccine certificate定位至第三段。根据 which shows personal information，both the dates of COVID vaccination and the type of drug（该 证书会显示个人信息、新冠病毒疫苗接种日期和药物类型）可知，疫苗证书上记载了个人疫苗接种的详细信息，所以B项符合文意。故选B。2．C。细节理解题。根据文章第三段可知，证书上会显示个人身份信息、疫苗接种日期以及接种药物种类，C项“目的地”并不会出现在证书上，故选C。3．C。细节理解题。文章第三段提到，5月19日以后，苏格兰地区的人们就可以获得疫苗证书，故选C。4．A。词义猜测题。原文句子之间用转折连词but连接，可知前后语气发生了转变；疫苗证书上的信息从逻辑上讲是不能够更改的，但是在5月22日人们能更改，故可推测网站出现了安全问题。故选A。5.  D。细节理解题。根据文章可知，英国、瑞士和冰岛已经推行疫苗护照，文中并未提及美国，故选D【D阅读理解】1．C。细节理解题。由第二段第一句可知，世界上最小的婴儿是通过剖宫产出生的，而不是自然出生，很显然C项表述不正确。故选C。2．A。细节理解题。由第二段最后一句The baby girl had a “limited chance of survival", according to the hospital where she was born.（据她出生的医院称，这名女婴的“存活概率有限”。）可知，医生们认为女婴的存活概率很小，故选A。3．B。观点态度题。A项意为“力量”，B项意为“奇迹”，C项意为“希望”，D项意为“健康”。这名女婴的存活是医生们没有意料到的，经过精心的治疗，女婴平安出院了，这对于所有人来说都是个奇迹，所以“奇迹”是形容女婴最贴切的词语，故选B。4．B。词义猜测题。根据该句中的 her health and development progressed well under their care（在他们的护理下，她的健康和发育进展顺利），以及 she is now well enough（现在已经康复）可知，现在女婴的健康状况很好，因此应该是可以出院了，故选B。5．D。主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了世界上最小的婴儿经过治疗康复出院的故事，D项很好地概括了全文大意。A项与文章所述内容不符，文章主要描述的是最小婴儿，而不是医生，故排除；B项属于过度解读，文章并没有体现“医学领域的希望”，故排除；C项以偏概全，最小婴儿出生时经历的困难只是文章一小部分的内容，所以不能作为题目来概括全文。故选D。【E任务型阅读】1．D。第一段主要讲的是世界卫生组织的一则报告，该报告公布了2017年12月以来医护人员和患者受到袭击的具体情况。空格处表达的内容也是报告的一部分。D项承接上文，介绍了袭击造成的人员伤亡情况，符合此处语境，且句首的The attacks对应上文中的Over 2,700attacks。故选D。2．C。第二段主要讲的是世界卫生组织最新的“医疗保健袭击”报告的调查结果。调查结果的内容一般都是在陈述事实。空格前提到，六分之一的此类袭击造成人员死亡C项承接上文，介绍这类暴力袭击的影响，符合此处语境。句首的This violence 对应上一句中的 such attacks。故选C。3．B。根据后文中提及的医院关门、医护人员被杀害或受伤可知，这里是在讲袭击对于医疗领域的具体影响，B项中的 medical facilities have been destroyed 与空格后的 hospitals closed， health workers killed or hurt...在句式结 构和句意上衔接恰当，符合此处语境，故选B。4．A。空格前提到2020年和今年世界卫生组织收到的在医疗领域所发生的具体袭击案例，从两年的数字对比中可以看出，今年的袭击案例比去年多了很多。A项中的 one of the darkest times（最黑暗的时刻之一）是对此情况做出的总结，其中 healthcare staff对应上一句中的healthcare workers。故选A。5．E。上文提到新冠肺炎疫情对于医疗工作人员的影响。E项中的 discrimination and attacks 讲的就是医护人员在新冠肺炎疫情中受到的歧视和袭击；They指代上一句中的hospital workers，nurses and doctors。故选E。【F短文填空】（1）masks。空格位于although引导的状语从句中，该从句的主语不完整，所以空格处应填名词，且与face搭配，选项中只有mask符合要求。名词前没有冠词，而mask是可数名词，所以填其复数形式，故填masks。（2）remain。空格位于although引导的状语从句中，该从句的谓语不完整，缺少动词。由although可知，前后文为转折关系，将所给动词一一代人句中，可知remain符合句意。空格前为助动词will，因此空格处应填动词原形，故填remain。（3）prevent。由空格前的to可知，这里是动词不定式，表示目的，所以空格处应填动词。由 put measures in place可知，采取措施是为了预防病毒传播，prevent符合句意，表示“防止”，故填 prevent。（4）those。空格前为and，由此可知空格处与 older people为并列关系，因此空格处应填名词或代词。所给单词中，只有 patient和 those可能为正确选项。将 patient代人文中，意为“患有某些疾病的病人”，“患有疾病”和“病人”语义重复，因此只有those符合句意，代人文中后意为“患有某些疾病的人”，故填those。（5）unhappy。空格前为be动词were，所以空格处可能为形容词作表语，将unhappy代入句中符合句意，be unhappy with是一个固定搭配，意为“对····感到不满意（不高兴）”，故填 unhappy。（6） pick。pick up the phone 为固定搭配，意为“接电话”。have sb. do sth.也是固定搭配，意为“使某人做某事”，因此空格处填 pick的动词原形，故填pick。（7）decides。空格位于who引导的定语从句中，该从句缺少谓语，所以空格处应填动词。剩余选项中只有decide和state可能为正确选项。将二者代入原文，可知decide 符合句意。因该定语从句修饰 a doctor，故谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式，故填decides。（8）patients。空格前提到“remove them”，所以空格处应填名词复数，剩余选项中只有patient符合要求，故填patients。（9）stating。分析句子结构可知，空格后的that从句作空格处所填词的宾语，所以空格处应填动词，剩余选项中只有state符合要求。该句的谓语完整，因此所填动词应为非谓语形式。又因空格处的动词state与notice为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以应填其现在分词形式，故填stating。（10）lead to。空格前面有情态动词should，所以空格处应填动词（短语），剩余的最后一个选项lead to代入后符合句意。又因空格前为情态动词，所以lead应为动词原形。故填 lead to