10 环境保护 2022年九年级热点话题时文题型专练

2022年英语时文阅读八年级强化篇

主题：环境保护

001   A完形填空     农民正在遭受气候变化带来的沉重打击

002   B阅读理解     五种环保方式开启新学年

003   C阅读理解     气候变暖导致的极端天气

004   D阅读理解     洪水是未来气候的缩影

005   E任务型阅读   面对气候变化，行动起来才有希望

006   F短文填空     需要马上采取行动应对气候变化

007  传统文化趣味读  如何庆祝中国的七夕节

A完形填空

主题：农民正在遭受气候变化带来的沉重打击

As the drought （干旱） spreads in California， some farmers are having to remove crops that require a large amount of watering. Sweltering（酷热难耐的）temperatures exacerbated（使加剧；使恶化）by climate change dealt a multibillion-dollar blow to US farmers and the public insurance（保险；赔偿金）program that protects them from losses. A recent  1  in Environmental Research Letters by Stanford_ University climate scientists  2  global warming's influence on the US crop insurance program. The findings were  3  .Climate-fueled temperature  4  generated about $27 billion in insurance payments to  5  between 1991 and 2017, the study found. Those losses accounted for nearly 20％ of the program＇s total payouts （支出） over that period. And those  6  are expected to rise as climate change intensifies（加剧；加强）.

“This is further evidence that global warming is impacting people and ecosystems already, and it's further evidence that (climate change) is having financial costs that are in the billions,” said Noah Diffenbaugh, a professor of earth system science at Stanford. “And that's important for understanding climate change, understanding climate risks and...  7  evaluating the value of both mitigation （减 轻；缓解） and adaptation actions，”Diffenbaugh added.

The  8  are rising. Environmentalists, climate finance experts and some researchers maintain that the US needs to  9  more quickly for the financial effects of rising temperatures. “It's clear at this point  10  we are not adapted to the climate change that's already happened,” Diffenbaugh said. “And as this study shows and as other studies have shown, it is costing us very much.

B阅读理解

主题：五种环保方式开启新学年

Kids can help care for the planet with sustainable（可持续的）tips for their school supplies, projects, and lunches.

1.Which parts are talking about school supplies?

A. a and b.               B. a and c.                C. b and c.               D. a and d.

2.Which sections can be discussed by parents with the school leaders and teachers?

A. a and d.               B. b and d.                C. d and e.               D. a and e.

3.Which place may NOT be suggested by teachers for a field trip?

A.A river.                B.A landfill.               C.A recycling center.      D.A bookstore

C阅读理解

主题：气候变暖导致的极端天气

Scientists have long said that climate change is related to widespread changes in weather patterns. But the sixth report by the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change（IPCC）（联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会），published in August 2021, makes the strongest case yet that human-caused climate change is to blame．Already， the world has warmed 2 degrees Fahrenheit（华氏度）［1.1 degrees Celsius（摄氏度）］ since the industrial age， and extreme（极端的） weather is one of the ways that warming shows itself.

“We can link extreme weather to climate change in the same way we can link smoking to cancer,” says Friederike Otto, one of the report's authors and a climate change researcher at Oxford University. And, like smoking, the damage is hard to reverse, Otto says. “I feel strongly that the public needs to know that dangerous climate change is here and now,” says Michael Wehner, an extreme weather researcher at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

For the first time, the report details the effects of climate change by region, and shows that nearly every country on the planet will be hit by heat waves, more rainfall, or worsening drought. In July, parts of China saw 25 inches of rain in a single day-the amount of rain that typically falls in a year.

“All regions of the world are affected by some extremes. Changes are happening everywhere,” says Sonia Seneviratne, an environmental scientist at the Institute for Atmosphere and Climate in Zurich and one of the IPCC report's authors. “They're also increasing with increasing global warming.” Many regions around the world are now seeing “compound events,” she says. Wildfires are breaking out in areas suffering from heat waves and drought. Or heavy rainfall in coastal（沿海的） areas exposed to rising seas， for example，compounds the degree of a disaster.

What do we do about it? To limit global warming to just 2°C, Wehner says，“It＇s my feeling we would have to do something rather drastic （极端的）.” Something drastic， he adds， means completely eliminating （消除） consumption（消 耗） of coal， oil， and natural gas. What＇s important now， says Wehner， is trying to prevent further damage

1.Who should be responsible for climate change according to Paragraph 1?

2.From “link smoking to cancer” in Paragraph 2, which word(s) can be used to describe the influence of climate change on weather?

3.How to understand “compound events" in Paragraph 4?

A. Many things happen together.

B. All things happen in one place.

C .One thing happens many times.

D. Same things happen in different places.

4.What does Wehner suggest people do?

A. Take some drastic actions.

B. Consume natural gas.

C. Ignore the damage.

D. Decrease temperature by about 2℃

D阅读理解

主题：洪水是未来气候的缩影

Climate change is making extreme rainfall more common, scientists say. Germany and Belgium, as well as parts of the Netherlands and Luxembourg, are fighting against floods from intense rainfall over the past several days． More than 125 were confirmed （确认）dead as of Friday. While scientists are still piecing together（厘清）how climate change might have influenced this one weather event, they say it shows key characteristics of how storms will be impacted by climate change: higher amounts of rainfall falling for longer.“This event shows that even rich countries like Germany are not safe from very severe climate impacts,” says Kai Kornhuber, a climate physicist at Columbia University.

Scientists see two ways in which climate change likely contributed to flooding: the amount of rain delivered and the slow pace of the storm. “Could this strong rainfall have been more likely because of the climate of the 21st century?” It's likely the case. Here's how it works. Warmer air can hold more water. That's because at higher temperatures, water molecules （分子） condense （凝结） into vapor （水蒸气）and concentratein the atmosphere. It's the same physics behind clothes dryers and dishwashers； it＇s also why cold drinks sweat（结水珠）.

For every 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit （华氏度） of warming， scientists estimate that the atmosphere can hold about 7 percent more moisture. With more moisture （湿度） in the atmosphere， formations like the low-pressure system over Europe or hurricanes in the Atlantic will produce more rainfall. Whether floods result from heavy rainfall depends on a number of factors, including previous rainfall, urban development, and geography, such as whether a region is in a valley. But extreme rainfall was what likely made flooding here so extreme.

More to come? Scientists are currently studying how much of this particularly bad event can be caused by climate change. “Weather is being changed...” a scientist says. “We know that with every degree of warming, rainfall extremes will become more extreme. I think we can expect more such events in the future.”

1. What is the influence of climate change on storms according to Paragraph 1?

A. More rain.

B. Longer rainy days.

C. Hotter weather.

D. Both A and B.

2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Climate change only happened in poor countries.

B. Climate change seldom happened in rich countries.

C. Climate change treated all countries equally.

D. Climate change does no harm to the world.

3.What are Paragraphs 2 and 3 mainly about?

A. How strong rainfall forms.

B. Why the world has a higher temperature.

C. How clothes dryers and dishwashers work.

D. How a warmed world influences extreme rainfall.

4.What's scientists' view about climate change in the future?

A. There will be less rain.

B. Weather change will stop.

C. More extreme events will happen.

D. Climate change will only cause more rain

E任务型阅读

主题：面对气候变化，行动起来才有希望

Climate change is no longer a distant threat. Its impacts（影 响）are here and now， and they＇re affecting all of us， in ways that matter to each of us. In a world that seems increasingly out of control， we want hope： real hope， a hope that acknowledges（承认） the whole challenge we face and the very imminent（迫近的）risk of failure. Real hope also offers a chance of a more bright future; a glimpse （一瞥）， however distant， of something better than what we have today, not worse. Where can we find such hope? We find it in action. The worst can still be avoided. Our future is in our hands.

What can you do? Anything. Recycle your yogurt cup after breakfast tomorrow. Cut your food waste. Go bigger: talk to your school or your place of work or worship about what you could do, together.

Don't just do it: talk about what you're doing, and why. We can't change the world by ourselves. We have to do it together, and that requires us to connect. Talk about why climate change matters, in ways that affect you personally. One of my favorite ways to take action? Be a good neighbor. That might sound almost too easy, but in this world, looking out for and caring for each other is vital when faced with extreme weather events like flooding, heat waves and wildfire. Sticking together as a community， building resilience（适应力）together， is part of the fight against climate change, too. To care about climate change, we only have to be one thing: a human, living on planet earth. And if you're reading this, that's exactly who you are

阅读短文，回答下面1～3小题。

1.What do people long for?

____________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What could you do to fight climate change?

____________________________________________________________________________________________

3.Why is to be a good neighbor the author's favorite way to take action?

____________________________________________________________________________________________

F短文填空

主题：需要马上采取行动应对气候变化

Tom: What are you reading, Linda?

Linda: Oh, I am reading a piece of news about climate change.

Tom:  1 

Linda: Yes. The news tells that it is the highest temperature since record-keeping began 142 years ago. The previous record, set in July 2016，was equalled（比得上）in 2019 and 2020． Experts believe this is due to the long-term impact of climate change.

Tom: Really? I can't imagine!

Linda:  2 

Tom: What will happen in the future?

Linda: Climate change is having an impact on earth.  3 

Tom:  4 

Linda: Yes. The findings were a code red for human.

Tom:  5 

Linda: If we combine forces now, we can avoid climate catastrophe （灾难）. But as the news said， there was no time for delay （推迟）and no room for excuses

阅读短文，从下列选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

A. Is there any new point in it?

B. That's very disappointing.

C. What can we do?

D. What's your favorite book?

E.I can't wait to read the book.

F. And some changes are likely to be irreversible（不 可逆转的）for centuries to millennia（千年）.

G. The data also showed that July was Asia's hottest month on record, as well as Europe's second hottest after July 2018

阅读短文，从下列选项中选出能填入文字空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项

1.___________  2. ___________  3. ___________  4. ___________  5. ___________ 

传统文化趣味读

如何庆祝中国的七夕节

The Qixi Festival (Double Seventh Festival) is one of Chinese traditional festivals, and also known as the Chinese Valentine＇s Day. It＇s based on a romantic legend about a weaver （织布者）girl and an ox herd（放牧人）.

The festival has been celebrated since the Han Dynasty. On May 20th, 2015, the Double Seventh Festival was added to the National Intangible Cultural Heritage list by the State Council of China. Many of the traditional customs are disappearing, or no longer observed. You are more likely to find these practiced in rural areas:

1. Showing skills was the most popular custom for women in the evening of Qixi. The longest standing way to “plead skills” was to speedily thread a needle under moonlight. Young women also carved exotic flowers, animals, and unusual birds, usually on a melon skin.

2．Worshiping（崇拜）the weaver fairy ［the star Vega（织女星）］， Zhinü involved a table of offerings： tea，wine，fruits， red dates， hazelnuts （榛子），peanuts， and melon seeds. In the evening young women sat around the table, displaying their needlework, gazing at Vega, and praying for a good husband and a happy life. Then they'd play games or read poems until midnight.

3. Honoring oxen: Children picked bunches of wild flowers and hung them on the horns of oxen.

4.People made and ate “Skill Fruit”: fried, thin pastries of different shapes.

Now people usually celebrate Chinese Valentine's Day by giving flowers, chocolates, and other presents to their sweethearts, instead of doing the traditional customs. Though in Chinese cities, Western Valentine's Day is now more popular than Qixi with young people, the romantic legend of Niulang and Zhinü has taken deep root in the hearts of Chinese people. It probably always will be told from one generation to the next..

答案解析

【A完形填空】

1．A考查名词辨析。A项意为“研究”，B项意为“信息”，C项意为“通知”，D项意为“访谈”。根据下文的 findings（结果，发现）可知，科学家在报刊上发表的是一项研究，只有A项符合句意，故选A。

2.B.考查动词辨析。A项意为“提供”，B项意为调查”，C项意为“解决”，D项意为“避免，防止”。influence on sb.／sth.为固定搭配，意为“对······的影响”，空格后面是该动词的逻辑宾语“全球预警对美国农作物保险项目的影响”，上下文并没有提及科学家解决或避免了这种影响，故可排除C项和D项，将A项和B项代人句中，B项符合句意，故选B。

3．C。考查形容词辨析。A项意为“未知的”，B项意为“有趣的”，C项意为“明显的；突出的”，D项意为“有害的”。根据下文中的 ＄27 billion in insurance payments（270亿美 元的保险金额）及20％ of the program＇s total payouts（该项目总支出的20％），可知研究结果显而易见，C项符合句意，故选C。

4．B。考查名词辨析。A项意为“改变”，B项意为“增加”，C项意为“减少”，D项意为“变化，转变”。根据第一段中的Sweltering一词可知，气候变化引起气温升高，将四个选项分别代人句中，B项最符合句意，故选B。

5．D．考查名词辨析。A项意为“工人”，B项意为“教师”，C项意为“官员”，D项意为“农民”。将四个选项分别代人句中，可知D项符合上下文语义，故选D。

6．A。考查名词辨析。A项意为“数字”，B项意为“大小”，C项意为“讨论”，D项意为“例子”。根据上文的＄27billion和20％可知，“数字”符合句意，故选A。

7．C。考查介词辨析。A项意为“在·下面”，B项意为“在.·之后”，C项意为“为了...”，D项意为“朝向.”。空格后面的evaluating...与上文中的两个understanding...并列，应与前面所用介词相同，根据that＇s important for可知C项符合句意，故选C。

8.B.考查名词辨析。A项意为“机会”，B项意为“风险”，C项意为“发现”，D项意为“比赛”。将四个选项分别代入句中，可知“风险”符合句意，故选B。

9.D。考查动词辨析。A项意为“希望”，B项意为“相配C项意为“表达”，D项意为“准备”。将四个选项分别代人句中，与quickly搭配并且符合文意的只有D项，表示“快速做好准备”，故选D。

10．A。考查连词辨析。A项无实义，B项意为“当··．···时”，C项意为“因为”，D项意为“什么”。空格所在句中的It为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的从句，从句中不缺成分，故选A。

【B阅读理解】

1．C。细节理解题。由题干关键词 school supplies 可知，题干问的是与学校用品相关的内容，pens和 notebooks等都属于学校用品，故b段和c段符合题意，故选C。

2．D。细节理解题。由题干关键词 parents、school leader sand teachers可定位到a段和e段，关于塑料瓶和旅行的这两段涉及家长与校方的交流，D项符合题意，故选D。

3．D。细节理解题。由题干关键词a field trip可定位到e段，该段第二句指出 Ask your child＇s teacher about a field trip to a landfill， recycling center， or river.（向你孩子的老师 询问关于去垃圾填埋场、回收中心或者河流的实地考察旅行的事。）由此可知，D项不在环保教育旅行的范围内，故选D。

【C阅读理解】

1．A。细节理解题。由题干关键词Paragraph 1定位到第一段第二句，But the sixth report by the UN＇s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), published in August 2021, makes the strongest case yet that human-caused climate change is to blame.［但是联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）于2021年8月发布的第六份报告提出了迄今为止最强有力的理由，认为人类造成的气候变化是罪魁祸首。］由此可知，气候变化是人类造成的，be responsible for是caused的同义表达，故选A。

2．B。细节理解题。由题干关键词 link smoking to cancer和Paragraph 2定位到第二段，根据 We can link extreme weather to climate change in the same way we can link smoking to cancer（我们可以将极端天气与气候变化联系起来，就像我们可以将吸烟与癌症联系起来一样）及like smoking， the damage is hard to reverse（就像吸烟一样，这种损害是很难逆转的）可知，气候变化对天气的影响是负面的，故选B。

3．A。词义猜测题。由题干关键词compound events 和Paragraph 4定位到第四段，根据 Wildfires are breaking out in areas suffering from heat waves and drought. Or heavy rainfall in coastal areas exposed to rising seas, for example, compounds the degree of a disaster.（受热浪和干旱影响 的地区正在发生森林火灾。又例如，经历海平面上升的沿海地区的暴雨加重了受灾程度。）可知，compound events指的是很多事情同时发生，故选A。

4．A。主旨大意题。由题干关键词 Wehner suggest people do定位到最后一段，What do we do about it？ To limit global warming to just 2℃, Wehner says,“ It's my feeling we would have to do something rather drastic.” Something drastic, he adds, means completely eliminating consumption of coal, oil, and natural gas. What's important now，says Wehner， is trying to prevent further damage. （我 们该怎么办？韦纳表示，要将全球变暖限制在2摄氏度以内，“我的感觉是，我们必须采取一些极端的措施。”他补充说，一些极端的措施意味着完全消除煤炭、石油和天然气的消耗。韦纳说，现在最重要的是努力防止进一步的损害。）A项符合文意，故选A。

【D阅读理解】

1．D。细节理解题。由题干关键词Paragraph 1定位到第一段，While scientists are still piecing together how climate change might have influenced this one weather event, they say it shows key characteristics of how storms will be impacted by climate change: higher amounts of rainfall falling for longer，（虽然科学家们仍在厘清气候变化对这一天气事件的可能影响，但他们说，这一天气事件表明了风暴将如何受到气候变化影响的关键特征；降雨量更大，降雨时间更长。）由此可知，A、B项与文意相符，故选D。

2.C。细节理解题。由第一段中的 This event shows that even rich countries like Germany are not safe from very severe climate impacts（这一事件表明，即使是像德国这样的富裕国家，也不能从非常严重的气候影响中幸免于难）可知，不管是贫穷国家还是富裕国家，都会受到气候影响，C项符合文意，故选C。

3．D。主旨大意题。由题干关键词Paragraphs 2 and 3定位到第二、三段，Scientists see two ways in which climate change likely contributed to flooding（科学家认为气候变 化可能从两个方面引发了洪水）是第二段的主旨句，紧接着这两段详细阐述了全球变暖是如何影响极端降雨的，D项符合文意，故选D。

4．C。观点态度题。由题干关键词 scientists＇view和 climate change in the future 定位到最后一段，由“Weather is being changed...” a scientist says. “We know that with every degree of warming, rainfall extremes will become more extreme. I think we can expect more such events in the future.”（“天气正在改变··....”一位科学家表示，“我们知道，气温每升高一度，极端降雨量将变得更加极端。我认为，我们可以预估，未来会发生更多此类事件。”）可知，C项符合文意，故选C。

【E任务型阅读】

1．Real hope．第一段第三句指出 we want hope： real hope，a hope that acknowledges the whole challenge we face and the very imminent risk of failure（我们渴望希望：真正的希望，一种承认我们所面临的全部挑战和迫在眉睫的失败风险的希望）。long for是want的同义表达，所以人们想要的是“真正的希望”。

2． Recycle cups and cut food waste．由第二段中的Recycle your yogurt cup after breakfast tomorrow. Cut your food waste.（明天吃完早餐后回收你的酸奶杯。减少食物浪费。）可知，可以通过回收杯子和减少食物浪费来应对气候变化。

3.Because caring about each other is important for fighting together against climate change，由题干关键词 a good neighbor 和favorite way定位至第三段，由 but in this world，looking out for and caring for each other is vital when faced with extreme weather events like flooding, heatwaves and wildfire, Sticking together as a community, building resilience together, is part of the fight against climate change，too（但是在这个世界上，在面对洪水、热浪和野火等极端天气事件时，相互照顾和关心是至关重要的。作为一个社区，团结一致，共同加强适应能力，也是应对气候变化斗争的一部分）可知，互相关心，共同应对气候变化是非常重要的，所以“当一个好邻居”是作者最喜欢的行动方式。

【F短文填空】

1.A。由琳达的回答 Yes. The news tells...（是的。这则新闻讲述了······）可知，空格处应该填入一个一般疑问句，且内容与新闻相关，只有A项符合，故选A。

2.G。根据本空前后的内容可知，汤姆表达了自己对新闻观点的惊讶，此处应继续填人与新闻信息有关的内容G项符合文意，故选G。

3.F。由空格前的Climate change is having an impact on earth. （气候变化正在对地球产生影响。）可知，此处应填人和该句衔接连贯的内容，F项符合文意，故选F。

4.B.由琳达的回答 Yes. The findings were a code red for human.（是的。这些发现向人类亮了红牌。）可知，空格处要填入的内容带有负面色彩，只有B项符合文意，故选B。

5.C。由最后一段琳达的回答可知，空格处应该是与我们应该付诸怎样的行动相关的问题，C项符合文意，故选C.”