2022年牛津上海版中考英语复习首字母解题方法

首字母解题方法

一、句子成分

主语——动作的执行者（发出者）

谓语——说明主语的动作、状态或特征

宾语——动作的承受者或对象，通常在及物动词之后或者介词之后

                                 （动宾结构）   （介宾结构）

定语、表语——对名词或代词加以限定修饰

状语——用以修饰动词、形容词和副词

Tips: 浏览全文，把握大意

先确定词性，然后再考虑意思

前后照应，看逻辑关联词 (有些词可能文章后面会出现)

填完通读全文，看看逻辑是否正确

A

There are many busy streets in Shanghai. On holiday the streets are c__1_____ with people and traffic. Buses, cars, and taxis move s__2_____ along the streets. People can’t walk quickly. When there is a red light, they w__3____ on the pavement. When there is a g__4____ light, they can walk across the road quickly. But they mustn’t run. People can’t p_5____ cars in the streets. When people c__6___ the road, they always look left, then right. They can’t play in the streets. They must f___7____ traffic rules.

1. ________ 2. ________ 3.________ 4. ________ 5.________ 6. ________ 7.________

判断方法一：对句子成分的判断

 “台阶式”训练法

阅读教学是英语教学中的一个难点，首字母完空又是阅读教学中最令人头痛的一环。它不但考查学生对语篇的理解能力，而且考查学生理解语篇过程中的分析判断、句子成分与词性的对应关系、语法结构、词义辨析等全方位的综合能力。不少同学经过长期艰苦的努力，可能仍达不到理想的训练效果，下面的“台阶式”教学法也许是在较短时间里提高缺词填空能力的途径之一。

台阶一：掌握七种句子成分与十种词性之间的对应关系。通过对单一成分的分类练习，掌握该句子成分与何种词性相对应。词性正确是答案正确的前提。

(1) 对主语的判断

1. T_______ are helpful to students.

2. H_____ is more important to me than money.

3. Some famous s_______ are going to give lectures in our university in August.

4. F_______ is my favorite sport.

5. C________ stamps is my hobby.

 (2) 对谓语的判断

John was standing on the step of a house. An old woman c________ over to him. “My boy,” she a_____, “Is your father at home?” “Yes,” a_______ John. The woman began r_________ the bell. She rang and rang, but there was no answer. At last she t_____ back to John and s______ angrily, “Didn’t you s______ that your father was at home?” “I did”, answered John, “but this i_______ my house.”

 (3) 对宾语的判断

1. Suddenly he saw a s____4____ by the river saying “No fishing”.

2. Thank you for your k_______.

3. A lot of classmates laugh at h______ because of his accent.

 (4) 对表语的判断

1. It is i______ for an ordinary plane to fly to the moon.

2. The sick man is getting w______.

3. The leaves are becoming y______ in the autumn.

 (5) 对定语的判断

1. The f_______ exams usually take place at the end of June.

2. On a c_____ night, you can see thousands of stars in the sky.

3. This is an i_____ book so I like it very much. 

4. The French artist said, “it is my f_____ time to visit Shanghai. I love this city so much.

 (6) 对状语的判断

1. The old lady could hardly believe that she had got the travel pass to Hong Kong so e______

2. Watch c______, and you will find the difference between the two pictures.

3. After flying in the storm for nearly one hour, the helicopter landed s______ at last. 

 (7) 对连词的判断

1. British teenagers study for exams in as many as ten subjects, s______ they have to work pretty hard!

2. The English language has now become an international language because it is widely used in most counties. I_______ you want to do business with foreigners, you have to learn English, for most of them speak and write English.

判断方法二：对词性的判断

 (一) 对名词的判断

1. Seeing is believing.  

2. Seeing is believing.    

3.Anne Hathaway was a beautiful actress.  

4. Collecting shells is the first thing I want to do when I am on vacation at the beach .   

5. Collecting shells is the first thing I want to do when I am on vacation at the beach   

6. Happiness is more important to me than money.    

7. The socks smell terrible. Please. wash them immediately.   

8. Some famous scientists are going to give lectures in our university in August.   

9. His performance is excellent.   

10.There is no reason for him to do that.  

10. Joyce used to work in a shoe factory   

11. I wish this heavy rain will bring the earth life.   

12. Jacky Chen, a famous actor, is hotter than ever these days due to Duang.  

分析：名词的使用情况

成分判断：主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语

细节判断：adj+n;   adj物主代词+n

          the/a/an/no+n

          prep+n

          a+n

          n+n

注意事项：名词作定语(非常考点）：women doctors; book shops; a stone bridge；a sales manager等

          双宾结构：带to的bring , give ,leave , lend , offer , send , show , teach , tell等 ；

                    带 for 的 buy , cook等

          动名词：主语有的动词要变为ving形式；介词+动名词；一些非谓语动词如mind。

(二)  对动词的判断

※谓语动词判断：一个简单句必须配一谓语动词；复合句看有几个句子合成，若是由2个句子构成即有2个谓语动词。

1. The TV series Wu Meiniang looks eye-pleasing(养眼的).    
2. The air today is (pretty) fresh.    
3. He was a traitor.    
4. She wants to live on the Mars for some time.     
5. We ought to stay together for a stronger union.   
6. My mother bought an Optimus Prime (擎天柱）for my birthday.   
7. Yang Zirong climbed fast in order not to be bitten by the tiger.    
8. Chen Zhen whispered to Yang Ke he wanted to search for wolf pups.   

分析：谓语动词相对来说还是非常好判断的，分析句子成分轻易就能看出。

成分判断：谓语。放在主语后面。

细节判断：be+adj

          感官动词+adj

          v+adv

          v+n

          情态动词/助动词+v

附：谓语动词分类

         ①系动词

 Be: am/is/are

          感官动词：feel/taste/smell/look/sound

          “变”：become/turn/go/grow/get

          其他：keep/seem/prove

          ②实意动词：want/buy等+后可接adv。及物动词后可接宾语。

  ③ 情态动词：can must could may might should 等

  ④ 助动词：be will have has had do does did等

※非谓语动词判断：

背诵动词用法：expect to do, admit doing等

细节判断：v+adv;  v+adj;   v+n;   to+v

(三)  对形容词的判断

1. Zhou Jun is greedy.  
2. He looks depressed.   
3. Long Zhu is a superb(极好的）cartoon.  
4. Her beautiful voice made everyone moved.    
5. The blind need to be taken good care of.  

    分析：形容词可作定语，表语，宾补。判断不建议从句子成分上去判断，从用法上判断即可更简便。

细节判断：be+adj

          感官动词+adj

          adj+n

注意事项: 注意比较级(eg.有much/even的情况下）与最高级。关键理解文章。

附：系动词分类

          Be: am/is/are

          感官动词：feel/taste/smell/look/sound

          “变”：become/turn/go/grow/get

          其他：keep/seem/prove

(四)  对副词的判断

1. The fans shouted at Professor Du excitedly.    
2. He felt terribly sorry for what he had done     
3. The cat screamed extremely horribly at night.     
4. Unfortunately, the beggar only begged 30 yuan on the subway.  

    分析：副词可作表语，状语居多。判断不建议从句子成分上去判断，从用法上判断即可更简便。

细节判断：v+adv

          adv+adj

          adv+adv

          adv+句子

注意事项: 常考的副词有however，besides, especially，even，exactly等

(五)  对介词的判断

首字母练习对介词的考察极少固定搭配，多要通过理解。

尤其高频的有：against, along, behind, beside, besides, during, except, like, towards, without等

    1.China is a vital ally in the fight against global warming.   

2. These magazines are sold at bookstores throughout the country. 

3.He invited all friends except you.    

4.She leaned lightly against his shoulder.     

5.Are you for or against the plan?    

    分析：介词首字母当中由于极少考搭配，可以从词义，用法上进行判断。

细节判断：n1+prep+n2/pron

          n1+prep+n2/pron

          vi+prep+n/pron

          be+prep+n/pron

注意事项: 介词可重点背诵些高频词。

(六)  对连词的判断

连词的功能是连接两个句子。具体填哪个连词，需要处理两个句子之间的逻辑关系。并列连词and/but/or 也

可连接各种成分，不一定是句子。

其中since 考“既然”比“自从”概率要大些。填so 的时候，勿忘考虑since。

1. Yang Zirong had to pretend to be a bandit since there was no other way to dig further information.     
2. You must belt up before you start to drive.     

(七)  对代词的判断

首字母练习中，常考不定代词（nobody/anybody/everybody; nothing/anything/everything; another; other）；

反身代词（themselves/himself......)

1. After the cruel robbery, nothing was left to the poor family except the ashes.

    b.Although nobody knows exactly where path will lead, they still stick to this hopeless hope.

(八)  其他常考点的判断

1.another

a.Achilles called upon all the soldiers and said,  “try another time, we are doomed to get the Troy.”

b.One department is responsible for QC, ...; Another (one) supervises the production in the workshop..; (The

third....)

2. possible, possibly

a.It is possible (for Ma Yun) to steal the ball from Yao Ming.

b.It is possible (that) Ma Yun can steal the ball from Yao Ming

c.It is possibly because Ma Yun wants to explore other fields since his hands has reached into e-business, sports...

3. one(s)

The young prefer to watch TV in cozy couches, checking on the messages on Facebook from time to time, while

the old ones are more likely to read some classics in the study.

4. that, those

a.The computers now are much more lightweight than those in the past.

b.The people in China have nothing different compared with those in England.

c.The furniture on exhibition is similar to that you bought.

5. much,even 常比较级搭配

a.The fresh water is much less than we need.

b.After consulting the psychologist, he felt even worse.

6. instead, however常放句首

a.Instead/However, he chose to release the chimpanzee. Later, they became close friends.

b.She finally received the offer from Yale instead. (instead亦可放句末）

(九)  短语的积累

1. be similar to    

2.be familiar to/with     

3.be pleased/satisfied with    

4.be responsible for 

5.get into/develop/form the habit of       

6.have/develop a sense of (humor/responsibility...)

7.have something/nothing in common       

8.have/share interest in

9.provide sb with sth/provide sth for sb      

10.offer sth to sb/offer sb sth