2022年中考英语语法复习：复合句 (三大从句) 讲解及专项练习（有答案）

这是一份2022年中考英语语法复习：复合句 (三大从句) 讲解及专项练习（有答案），共11页。试卷主要包含了宾语从句，定语从句，状语从句等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022年中考英语语法复习复合句 (三大从句) 讲解及专项练习英语句子中常有一个主句和一个或多个从句组合而成的长句子，这样的句子叫做复合句。初中阶段常见的复合句主要包括宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句。一、宾语从句: 在复合句中作宾语成分的从句叫做宾语从句。◆引导词主句用一般现在时，从句的时态根据需要确定，不受主句影响。作宾语从句的句子    引导词陈述句              that一般疑问句          if / whether特殊疑问句          原句中的疑问词◆宾语从句使用陈述句语序◆主句与从句的时态 一)、引导词　　1.从句为陈述句，常选择引导词that，that引导宾语从句无意义，不充当句子成分常省略。例句：He told us (that) they would help us through the whole work.　　2.从句为一般疑问句，常选择引导词if或whether，表示是否。在 whether or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。例句：I dont know if there will be a bus any more.　　3. 从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代词、副词作引导词。 例句：He didnt tell me when we should meet again.二)、语序陈述句语序，就是主语在前，谓语动词在后。　　错误: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.　　正确: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.　　注意：宾语从句的否定转移主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的'否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致. 例如;I dont think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he wont come to my party.三)、时态：　　1.主句是一般现在时，从句可以为各种时态。　　2.主句是一般过去时，从句要用相应过去时态。　　3.从句描绘客观事实、真理、自然现象等，从句时态不受主句时态限制，仍用一般现在时。　　例句：He answered that he was listening to me.　　Father told me that practice makes perfect .【习题演练】Ⅰ. 单项选择(   )1. He asked which film they _____ about. A. will talk                  B. are going to talk  C. was going to talk         D. were talking(   )2. Do you know _____ bike this is?A. that      B. who      C. why     D. whose(   )3. Polly said no news _____ good news. A. was      B. were     C. is     D. are (   )4. We didn’t know _____ she was ready or not. A. when     B. that      C. whether    D. what(   )5. —What did your PE teacher say about your high jump at the sports meeting?   —He said that I _____ better.A. can do      B. am      C. will do      D. could do(   )6. —I want to know when _____ have a field trip.—We’ll have it when all the work _____.A. you are; will finish      B. you will; finishes    C. you will; is finished         D. you; finish (   )7. —Could you tell me when _____?—At 10:25, in ten minutes. A. the bus will leave      B. will the bus leaveC. the bus has left       D. had the bus left (   )8. －Do you know ______ he’ll arrive here at 9:00 this morning?－I’m afraid he’ll be late.A. that      B. how      C. why      D. whether(   )9. —Could you tell me _____?—She is a student in Eton School.A. where Kate is studying      B. how Kate was studying    C. why Kate was studying      D. when Kate studied(   )10. —Do you know _____ going to stay in London?—No, I don’t. Maybe a few days. A. when he is                B. how long he is  C. when is he                D. how long is he Ⅱ. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。16. I don’t think the watch will _____ (repair) well in 2 days. 17. She said that the sun _____ (be) brighter than the moon. 18. I will take back what I _____ (say).19. I wanted to know if he _____ (can) mend the car. 20. She said that she _____ (go) fishing last Sunday. 21. She told me that they _____ (talk) about a new book at this time yesterday. 22. I’m sure everything _____ (go) well. 23. I hope that I _____ (visit) Beijing soon. 24. I hear that Tom _____ (be) here for a week. 25. Tom told his boss that he _____ (finish) the work well if he _____ (give) another chance.  二、定语从句在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词，并充当其定语的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句常放在先行词的后面，由关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that和关系副词when, where, why等引导。关系词所修饰的先行词在从句中所作的成分关系代词who人主语、宾语、表语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语、表语that人、物主语、宾语、表语whose人、物定语关系副词when时间名词时间状语where地点名词地点状语why原因名词原因状语学习定语从句需要注意的内容：1. 选出正确的关系代词或关系副词的关键：①看所修饰的是人还是物；②看它所代表的先行词在定语从句中做什么成分。例如：
Do you know the man who/that sells eggs to me?
　 　（先行词是“the man”，在从句中作主语，用who/ that）
Your father was not on the train that/ which arrived just now.
　 　　(先行词是物，用which/that，在从句中作主语)
This is the book (which / that) you wanted.
　 　　(先行词是物，用which/that，在从句中作宾语，可省)
Do you know the boy whose father is a doctor?
　 　　(先行词是人，whose代表“男孩的”，在从句中作定语)
You can go home where you can have a rest.　 　　(先行词是地点，where相当于at home，在从句中作地点状语)
Do you remember the year when we were hungry every day？
　 　　(先行词是时间，when相当于in the year，在从句中作时间状语）　                                     　　                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Do you know the reason why she didn’t come to our party？
　 　　(先行词是原因，why相当于for the reason，在从句中作原因状语）
 2. 引导词作宾语时可以省略。例如：
Have you seen the book (that) I gave you yesterday？ 3. 引导词在定语从句中作主语，不能省略。例如：
Do you know the man who is speaking to your father？
  【习题演练】Ⅰ. 单项选择(   )11. The boy _____ helped me yesterday is playing soccer with his friends.A. whom    B. who   C. which    D. whose(   )12. The music _____ the U2 band played was very popular. A. which    B. who   C. whom    D. whose(   )13. The girl _____ skirt is red is Tom’s sister. A. who       B. whom   C. whose    D. that (   )14. This is the best way _____ can help us earn lots of money.A. which    B. who   C. that       D. when (   )15. Anyone ______ breaks the rules must be punished.A. whom    B. whose  C. which    D. who(   )16. We talked the things and persons ______ we were interested in.   A. that       B. which   C. who       D. when(   )17. There is a girl ______ is waiting for you.A. whose    B. which  C. whom    D. who(   )18. I’ll never forget the day _____ I first come here.A. when       B. where   C. why       D. who(   )19. This is the room ______ he lived last year.   A. when       B. where   C. why       D. which(   )20. That’s the reason _______ he was late for school.   A. when       B. where   C. why       D. which 三、状语从句在复合句中，修饰主句中动词、形容词或副词的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可分为时间、条件、原因、结果、比较、目的、让步、方式八大类。初中阶段我们需要重点掌握的有时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句和结果状语从句。◆时间状语从句常由从属连词when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as引导。the moment, every time, each time可引出一个从句，相当于时间状语从句。◆条件状语从句常由从属连词if, unless, so long as, as long as引导。 ◆原因状语从句常由从属连词because, for, since, as引导。◆结果状语从句常由从属连词so that, so…that, such…that引导。◆目的状语从句常由从属连词so，so that引导。主将从现原则：在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时或具有将来的含义，从句的谓语动词常用一般现在时表将来。 【习题演练】Ⅰ. 单项选择(   )1. He spoke so quickly ______ no one could follow him. A. which   B. after   C. as   D. that(   )2. We cannot be sure what you want ______ you tell us.A. if    B. since   C. as soon as  D. unless(   )3. －When will he call you up?－_______ he comes back.A. As soon as  B. Since   C. Because  D. Unless(   )4. He will not go to the cinema _____ he’s ill.A. though   B. unless  C. why   D. because(   )5. His father is _____ busy _____ he seldom goes back home.A. too; to   B. so; that  C. enough; to D. such; that(   )6. He was reading _____ his sister was writing.A. after    B. while   C. because  D. as soon as(   )7. ______ you have to stay at home, you’d better go over your lessons.A. Though   B. After   C. Before  D. Since(   )8. Alice will come to my party _____ she’s free.A. after    B. why   C. if   D. though(   )9. －Wait a moment, please. He’ll be back in ten minutes. －All right. I’ll ______ here ______ he comes back. A. leave; until  B. reach; till  C. stay; till  D. wait for; until (   )10. The question is _____ that nobody can answer it. A. very hard   B. too difficult   C. strange enough D. so strange  【课后提高】复合句综合练习：第一组(    )1.The man said ________ he saw many strangers coming into his village. A.when    B.whether     C.what    D./(    )2.The teacher told us the earth ________ the sun. A.went around    B.goes around    C.go around    D.has gone around (    )3.—What are you doing now? —We are talking about ________. A.when shall we go to Tianjin       B.why we like Tianjin    C.who should we go with           D.which station should we go (    )4.—Why don't you tell me ________？—I don't know either, so I can't tell you ________.   A.who is that man in blue; who is the man    B.who that man in blue is; who is the man    C.who is that man in blue; who the man is  D.who that man in blue is; who the man is (    )5.Please tell me ________.I have some gifts for him. A.how has Robert come      B.where Robert is       C.when will Robert leave    D.what does Robert like (    )6.I don't know the girl.Could you tell me ________？ A.what is her name       B.how old is she    C.who is she             D.where she comes from(    )7.—What did your teacher say this morning?—She asked me ________. A.when Tom would get to school    B.what will Tom do at school    C.how did Tom come to school    D.why was Tom late for school(    )8.—I can't find Mary.Where's she?—Sorry, I don't know ________. A.where has she been B.where she has been    C.where has she gone D.where she has gone (    )9.He is a famous writer ________ works are sold around the world.A.who   B.who's     C.whose      D.his (    )10.Everything ________ you told me is not true.A.that   B.which     C.what    D.whose  (    )11.I still remember the day ________ we spent together.  A.when   B.where      C.that     D.why (    )12.None of the apples ________ are put on the table are red.A.which   B.that   C.who    D.they (    )13.The boy jumped into the sea ________ he got to the beach.A.since   B.while    C.as soon as    D.so that (    )14.They didn't work ________ it was dark.A.where     B.till      C.so that    D.so(    )15.—You study ________ hard ________ you're sure to pass the exam.  —Thank you for saying so.A.enough; to    B.as; as    C.so; that     D.such; that(    )16.If Tom ________ the game, we'll give him a surprise.A.win        B.wins       C.won       D.winning (    )17.I don't know if she ________ to my birthday party tomorrow.If she ________， I'll be very happy.A.comes; comes    B.will come; comes     C.comes; will come     D.will come; come(    )18.I'm waiting for my friend.________， I'll go shopping alone.A.If she comes              B.If she won't come    C.If she doesn't come       D.If she came(    )19.Mr.Green speaks very loudly ________ all the people can hear him clearly.A.when      B.so that      C.because      D.unless(    )20.They're playing on the ground ________ I arrived.A.for      B.since      C.when      D.while         第二组(    )1.I'm surprised that he ________ in the library for the whole day yesterday.A.stay     B.stays      C.stayed     D.staying (    )2.I don't know ________， and now I'm thirsty. A.where I put the cup       B.where did I put the cupC.how I put the cup         D.how did I put the cup(    )3.—I'm new here.Could you please tell me ________？—Sure.It's over there behind that tower.   A.where the youth centre is             B.when the library opensC.how far is the amusement park        D.how can I get to the subway station(    )4.Her teacher found ________ she's a clever girl.A.when     B.what      C.if      D.that(    )5.The woman asked the policeman where ________.A.the post office is         B.the post office wasC.is the post office         D.was the post office(    )6.We haven't found out ________， but we have known ________.A.who he is; how to search it       B.who he is; to search it how C.who is he; how to search it       D.who is he; to search it how (    )7.—Can you tell me ________？ —Sure.His home is next to the cinema.A.what is Steve doing        B.what Steve is doingC.where does Steve live       D.where Steve lives(    )8.—May I come in? I'm sorry I am late.—Come in, please.But could you please tell me ________？A.how do you come to school     B.what were you doing thenC.who you talked with            D.why you are late again(    )9.It's the museum ________ we saw the world­famous painting last month.  A.that     B.which     C.where     D.when (    )10.I'm going to start a club to help students ________ are not interested in schoolwork.A.whose      B.who     C.whom     D.which (    )11.There will be a stamp show in the museum ________ we visited last week.A.who     B.when  C.which       D.what(    )12.The Lantern Festival is the second festival ________ comes in Chinese lunar calendar. A.that     B.which      C.it     D.when (    )13.It's one of the most interesting movies ________ are directed by the young director.  A.which      B.who      C./      D.that (    )14.—What is our head teacher like, do you know?  —Oh, he is very kind ________ he looks very serious.A.because     B.though     C.if     D.when(    )15.________ he felt tired, he didn't give up.A.Because    B.For     C.When    D.Though(    )16.I will send you an e­mail as soon as I ________ safely.A.arrive     B.arrived      C.am arriving     D.will arrive(    )17.The little child cried ________ he fell on the road.A.after    B.before     C.since    D.so that (    )18.There is ________ little water ________ it's not enough for all of us.A.so; that     B.such; that     C.very; that    D.really; that (    )19.I won't pass the exam ________ I work hard.A.whenever     B.because      C.if      D.unless(    )20.Mary is tired of learning ________ she is expected to do better than she can.       A.so      B.because      C.unless     D.though               参考答案：一、Ⅰ. 1-5 DDCCD     6-10 CADAB二、Ⅰ. 1. who / that helped 2. whom; is 3. whose; is 4. that / which; was   5. that; want 6. who / whom / that we visited  7. whose; was broken  8. the place where  9. the best novel that  10. that you toldⅡ. 11-15 BACCD      16-20 ADABC Ⅲ三、Ⅰ. 1-5 DDADB   6-10 BDCCD   【课后提高】第一组1－5　DBBDB　6－10　DADCA　11－15　CBCBC  16－20　BBCBC第二组1－5　CAADB　6－10　ADDCB　11－15　CADBD  16－20　AAADB