中考英语语法复习——宾语从句知识点归纳及练习（无答案）

中考英语语法复习

  宾语从句知识点归纳及练习

学生通过本课学习，能够掌握宾语从句的概念、知识要点和用法，并在综合能力上有一定的应用。

句子成分与结构：宾语

一、什么是宾语

宾语是动作、行为的对象。它和及物动词一起说明主语“做什么”，位于谓语之后。宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。宾语也分为动词宾语和介词宾语。

She is playing the piano now（她正在弹钢琴。）（名词作宾语）

He often helps me(他经常帮助我)（代词作宾语）

He likes to sleep in the open air.（他喜欢在露天睡觉）（不定式作宾语）

We enjoy living in China.（我们喜欢住在中国。）（动名词作宾语）

基础操练1： 请画出下列句中的宾语。

1. My brother hasn't done his homework.

2. People all over the world speak English.

3. How many new words did you learn last class?

直接宾语与间接宾语：

分析句子： The sun gives us light and warmth. （us为       ，light and warmth为       ）

1、间接宾语多指人，直接宾语多指物。可以带两个宾语的动词有：bring, give, show, send, pass, tell 等。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。

2、如果强调直接宾语，可把直接宾语放在间接宾语的前面，但间接宾语前须加介词 “to”或“for”。接to的动词有：give, bring, pass, lend, sell, send, show, tell, write等。

Give your mother the letter. ＝Give the letter（直接宾语）  to your mother（间接宾语.）   

（接for的动词有：buy, find, cook, draw, get, sing等。）

Can you find me my bag? ＝Can you find my  bag （ 直接宾语） for me（间接宾语）?

(这正是：人前物后看清楚，换位要加for或to。)

基础操练2： 请画出下列句中的直接宾语和间接宾语。

1. Please tell us a story.

2. My father bought a new computer for me last week.

3. Mr. Brown is going to teach us chemistry next term.

★本课知识点：宾语从句

课本例句导入：

I think that mooncakes are delicious.

He found that the moon was so bright and round that he could see his wife there.

Bill wonders whether they will have zongzi again next year.

一、宾语从句的概念: 宾语从句属于名词性从句，句子作宾语。

 We know Mr. Green teaches English.    She asked if these answers were right.

二、宾语从句三个掌握要点：  1）引导词（连接词）   2）语 序     3）时 态

（一）引导词 

1． 由that引导的宾语从句

注：that在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略

      I hear (that) you passed the exam.

      He said (that) his father was a singer.

2． 由whether, if引导的宾语从句（重点掌握）

if/ whether “是否”，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me等后。

I wonder _whether/if we can get there.

 Could you tell me whether/if that film is interesting ?

★只能用whether不能用if的情况:

1）在介词后面：

  I’m thinking of whether we should go fishing.

 2）在动词不定式前：

  They asked me whether to go skating.

3）当与or not连用，或提出两种选择时:

I don’t know whether he’s free or not.

Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not.

4）宾语从句提前时：   Whether this is true or not, I can’t say.

3.由关系代词Who,whom,whose,which,what和关系副词where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句。

这些代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。

   Do you know which answer is the best?/  Please tell me where the right way is.

（二）语序：陈述句语序

  即：主句+连接词+从句（主+谓+其他成分）

    Do you remember  ________________？     (他多大岁数)?

  当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时，语序不变：

  What’s wrong?  /What’s the matter?/ What’s happening? /What happened?

 eg:I don’t know what’s the matter./   Can you tell me who is over there?

（三）时态：

1、主句用一般现在时，现在进行时或一般将来时等“现在”范畴的时态时，从句的时态根据需要来用，不受主句影响。

He will tell us that he has been able to look after himself.

They are saying that they really like this city.

2. 主句用过去时，从句用与过去相关的时态。

Kate said there was a box under the desk.
They asked what he was doing then.
 

3. 从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，仍用现在时。

Dad told us that it is better to do than to say.

He told me the earth moves around the sun.

4. 从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍用一般过去时。

The teacher told me she was born in 1960

宾语从句专项训练（把下列句子改成宾语从句）

1. These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.

  He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong.

2. Light(光) goes faster than sound. My teacher told me.

  My teacher told me _____ light _______ faster than sound.

3. There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know.

  Jack didn’t know _____ there _____  ____ a meeting in five days.

4. Can they speak French? I want to know.

  I want to know ______  _______  _______  _______ French.

5. Are the children playing games? Tell me.

  Tell me ______ the children ______  ______ games.

6. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys.

  He asked the boys _______ they ______ fried chicken.

一、单项选择：

(   )1. It's so dark. I can't find out _______ it's a boy _______ a girl.
　　 A.  if, and                B. that, and               C. either, or                 D. whether, or
(   )2. Could you tell me if he _______ to Shanghai?
　　 A. has gone              B. had gone              C. went                     D. go
(   )3. He told me _______ he would catch the early bus.
　　 A. which                 B. whether               C. why                      D. that
(   ) 4. Mrs. Green asked me _______ I would go with her.
　　 A. what                  B. which                 C. why                       D. that
(   )5. I don't know _______ the coat _______ cheap enough.
　　 A. if, is           B. where, were     C. that ,was        D. if, were
(   )6. Can you tell me why _______ yesterday?
　　 A. you didn't come         B. did you not come  　C. didn't you come           D. you don't come
(   )7. He said that they _______ Yunnan.
　　 A. have been to            B. had gone to            C. have gone to             D. has been to
(   )8. Jack isn't sure _______ students there are in his class.
　　 A. how many                B. what                   C. which                     D. whether
(   )9. Can you tell me _______ yesterday?
　　 A. what they do             B. what they did       C. what do they do           D. what did they do
(   )10. I want to know _______ his homework yesterday evening.
　　 A. if he finished                                B. whether he had finished

C. if had she finished                            D. whether has she finished
(   ) 11. —How long does it take to get to the airport?

—Forty minutes. But it’s foggy today. I’m not sure __________ the highway will close soon. Let’s set off earlier.

A. whether     B. how      C. when      D. why

(    ) 12. What did Mike say? He said __________.

A. if you are free the next week         B. what colour was it

C. the weather is fine                 D. summer comes after spring

(    ) 13. Could you tell me __________ a meeting in Guangzhou next week?

A. if there was going to be       B. if there is going to be

C. whether is there going to be    D. whether there is going to have

(    ) 14. Our teacher told us that the earth __________ around the sun.

A. is going     B. will go    C. went     D. goes

(    ) 15. _________ is really hard _______ them to climb such a high mountain.

A. This; to     B. It; to       C. This; for     D. It; for

(    ) 16. Tom asked my friend __________.

A. doesn’t to be so angry       B. that the earth is bigger than the moon

C. when did he come back      D. where was he from

(    )17.I believe                  our game will win the match.

 A. if   B. which     C. that     D. whether

(    )18.--- Could you tell me                  there is a hospital near here?

 --- Yes, it's next to our school.

 A. that   B. what     C. if    D. where

(    )19.We're going to the movies this evening. I wonder                  you can go with us.

 A. if      B. when     C. that    D. where

(    )20. _______ surprised me most was _______ he didn't go to school yesterday.
　　 A. What, how       B. What, that         C. That, that         D. Whom, that