2021-2022学年北京市第八中学高一下学期期中英语试题含答案

北京市第八中学2021-2022学年高一下学期期中英语试题

（考试时间90分钟，满分100分）

一、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

Past the breakers, about 50 feet from shore, two brothers were fighting for their lives. They had been swept out to sea in a strong current, their mouths barely able to stay above the   1  . Thick fog made it difficult for beachgoers to see the guys, but the screams were unmistakable. And every second counted.

   2  , four surfers in wet suits were nearby. Narayan Weibel, Spenser Stratton, Adrian York and Taj Ortiz - Beck, all 16, were on their surfboards riding up and down the coast on five - foot waves when they heard the   3  . They turned and saw two bobbing (摆动) heads and four flailing (扑打) arms. “We looked at each other and knew these guys were about to drown (淹死),” Weibel told the reporter.

Weibel, Stratton, and Ortiz Beck paddled (用桨划) toward the swimmers while York headed to shore to find someone to call 911. He then dived back in    4   his friends.

As the surfers drew close, the brothers were.   5   Ortiz - Beck pulled up alongside the one brother. Grabbing him under his arms, he pulled him up onto his board. Stratton and Weibel, meanwhile, were trying to help the other. He was large, 250 to 300 pounds, and he was panicked. “Calm down - we   6   you!” Weibel shouted.

York arrived   7   to help get the guy on top of the second board. They then paddled several minutes through a wild current to the medical help waiting onshore. The brothers were scared but   8  .

“When we get a call like this one, it's usually too   9   by the time we get there,” says Dillon Cleavenger, the lifeguard, “I can't say enough about what these boys did. They were willing and prepared to   10   their lives. ”

1. A. board   B. water    C. ship   D. shore

2. A. Luckily   B. Surprisingly  C. Surely   D. Gradually

3. A. news   B. stories    C. words   D. cries

4. A. invite   B. guide    C. help    D. greet

5. A. striking   B. struggling   C. strengthening D. stretching

6. A. met    B. got    C. knew   D. followed

7. A. in fear   B. in turn    C. in time   D. in advance

8. A. proud   B. strong    C. satisfied  D. fine

9. A. late    B. busy    C. far   D. difficult

10. A. save   B. change    C. risk   D. share

二、语法填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请将答案填在答题纸上。

A

Based on AR and VR, the metaverse (元宇宙) aims to bring people closer together in an online setting,   11   (enable) them to be connected in ways they couldn't be before. Imagine   12   (attend) a meeting from the comfort of your couch,   13   you don't dress up, but your avatar   14   (do). You're seated at a virtual table with other people   15   reactions and body language can be judged just as well as they would be in real life. A metaverse could very likely bring these imaginations to reality, and soon.

B

At last firemen have put out a big forest fire in California. Since then, they   16   (try) to find out how the fire   17   (begin). Forest fires   18   (be) often caused by broken glass or by cigarette ends which people carelessly   19   (throw) away. Yesterday the firemen   20   (examine) the ground carefully, but   21   (be) not able to find any broken glass. They were also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire. This morning, however, a firemen accidentally   22   (discover) the cause. He   23   (notice) the remains of a snake which was wound round the electric wires of a 16,000 - volt power line. In this way, he was able to solve the mystery. The explanation was simple but very unusual. A bird   24   (catch) the snake from the ground and then   25   (drop) it on to the wires. The snake then wound itself round the wires. When it did so, it sent sparks down to the ground and these immediately started a fire.

三、阅读理解（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

A

Don't you think robots are a part of your life? In factories, robots put together everything from toys to cars. Some homes have robots that sweep floors or mow the lawn (剪草坪). And more robots are soon to come.

Experts predict that by 2025 we could have robots in every household! You might be living or working with one of them every day!

26. If a patient needs assistance out of bed, which may be a good helper?

A. Nexi B. AP C. Nao D. RIBA

27. According to the passage, a robotic fish might be used for ________.

A. discovering fish B. picking up rubbish C. studying sea creatures D. finding out pollution

28. Which subtitle can be filled in the blank?

A. Household Helpers B. Programme Designers C. Hotel Cleaners D. Game Players

B

Recycling Electronic Waste

When Alex Lin was 11 years old, he read an alarming article in the newspaper, which said that people were burying old computers in backyards, throwing TVs into streams, and dumping (丢弃) cell phones in the garbage. This was dangerous because e - waste contains harmful chemicals that can leak into the environment, getting into crops, animals, water supplies - and people.

Alex was really worried and decided to make it next project for WIN - the Westerly Innovations Network. Alex and six of his friends had formed this organization to help solve community problems two years before.

But what could they do about this project with e - waste? The team spent several weeks gathering information about the harmful chemicals in e - waste and their effects on humans. They learned how to dispose (处置) of e - waste properly and how it could be recycled. Then, they sent out a survey and found only one in eight knew what e - waste was, let alone how to properly dispose of it.

Alex and his friends went into action. They advertised in the local newspaper and distributed notices to students, asking residents to bring their unwanted electronics to the school parking lot. The drive lasted two days, and they collected over 9, 500 kilograms of e - waste.

The next step was to set up a long - term e - waste drop - off center for the town. After some research, they'd learned that reusing is the best way to deal with electronic devices and it is seven times more efficient than recycling. So, they began learning to refurbish (翻新) computers themselves and distributed them to students who didn't have their own. In this way, they could help students in the area and protect the environment at the same time.

For a lasting solution to e - waste, the drop - off center wasn't enough. Laws would have to be passed. In 2016, WIN helped push for an e - waste bill in their town, which required companies that manufactured or sold electronics to take back e - waste. The bill clearly forbids the dumping of e - waste.

Because of the work of WIN, more and more people, like Alex and his team, are getting the message about safe disposal of e - waste. As Alex says, “Today's technology should not become tomorrow's harmful garbage. ”
29. What was Alex's worry after he read the article?

A. the littering of e - waste  B. the recycling of plastic

C. the change of environment  D. the overuse of old computers

30. What did Alex do to start the project?

A. set up WIN B. collect information C. ask friends for help D. carry out a survey

31. What message does the story convey?

A. There is no end to perfection.  B. Success comes through failure.

C. Every positive attitude has a reward.  D. Young people can make a big difference.

C

An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the heath of gazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low - tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.

Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging. He is building a four - wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power. It will use cameras and sensors to monitor the animals. A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick. Radio tags (标签) on the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture (质地) of grass. That way, cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition purposes.

Machines have largely taken over planting, watering and harvesting crops such as com and wheat, but the monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes.

For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, it's increasingly difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle. But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to use technology - have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse. Bonds, who bought his first cattle almost 50 years ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that an animal is getting sick.

Other cattlemen see more promise in robots. Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft. Cattle tend to be kept in remote places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.

32. What is a problem with the cattle - raising industry?

A soil pollution B. lack of workers C. aging machines D. low profitability

33. What will Sukkarieh's robot be able to do?

A. monitor the quality of grass B cure the diseased cattle

C. move cattle to another field D. predict weather changes

34. Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys to watch cattle?

A. He wants to help them earn a living.  B. He thinks men can do the job better.

C. He is inexperienced in using robots.  D. He enjoys the traditional way of life.

35. How may robots help with cattle watching according to Michael Kelsey?

A. increase the value of cattle  B. bring down the cost of labor

C. make the job more appealing D. keep cattle from being stolen

D

The fight is on to get rid of air pollution in our cities. While the best solution in the long - term would be to ban fossil - fueled cars, that won't help the millions who are dying in the meantime, and so some high - tech solutions are now on the cards.

In March 2016, 10 London pigeons became famous. These pigeons took to the sky from Primrose Hill in north London, wearing backpacks monitoring air pollution. Once in the air, the backpacks sent live air - quality updates to the smartphones of the Londoners below.

The pigeons and their backpacks were just the latest in a series of increasingly desperate attempts to monitor and control air pollution. London's air pollution problem has been getting worse for years, and it often rises to more than three times the European Union's legal limit.

Another promising approach can be found in Beijing, after China declared a “war against pollution” in 2014. A seven - metre - high “Smog Free Tower”, designed by a Dutch scientist, Daan Roosegaarde, opened in Beijing's 751 D Park in September 2016.

It is a huge, outdoor air purifier. Airborne particles (颗粒) are sucked into the tower where they receive a positive charge. The particles are then caught by a negatively charged dust - removal plate and clean air is blown out of the other end. “Changing smog particles does not take much current. ” Roosegaarde said.

As for what to do with the collected PM waste, he has currently set up a business making jewellery out of the waste. Prince Charles owns a set of “smog free” cuff links (袖扣). If collected on at a big scale, Roosegaarde believes it could even be used as a building material.

Mexico City has an alternative solution. Looking to Nature to maximize the surface area of a building, Allison Dring, a Berlin - based architect, managed to catch light and wind from all sides. She is now making a building material by burning agricultural crop by - products in the absence of oxygen. “It means that you are actually taking carbon (碳) out of the sky, transforming it into a material, and then using it to build,” says Dring.

The fight against outdoor air pollution is really just starting. Even if none of the ideas take off, at least Prince Charles' cuff links, the special building surface and pigeons wearing back - packs will have brought the issue more to the public's attention.

36. The underlined words “on the cards” in para. 1 probably mean ________.

A. hardly to achieve B. widely questioned C. very likely to happen D. publicly welcomed

37. The ten pigeons in London were used to ________.

A. monitor air pollution B. warn Londoners C. update weather forecast D. promote backpacks

38. What can we learn about the Smog Free Tower?

A. It can catch light and wind.  B. Its power consumption is high.

C. PM waste from it can be reused.  D. It is the first air purifier in the world.

39. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

A.  B.  C.  D.

四、信息还原（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Evaluating Sources of Health Information

Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of healthy information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information, how to separate fact from opinion, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources.   40  .

Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study.   41  .

Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that a behavior “contributes to” or is “associated with” an outcome; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result.   42   Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.

Use your common sense. If a report seems too good to be true, probably it is. Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements.   43   Evaluate “scientific” statements carefully, and be aware of quackery (江湖骗术).

   44   Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration, but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us. Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about the health problems will serve you well throughout your life.

A. Make choice that are right for you.

B. The goal of an ad is to sell you something.

C. Be sure to work through the critical questions.

D. And examine the findings of the original research.

E. Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.

F. Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author's point of view.

G. The following suggestions can help you sort through the heath information you receive from common sources.

五、阅读表达（共3小题；每小题2分，共6分）

阅读下面小说片段，根据题目要求用英语回答问题。请将答案填在答题纸上。

The change in Kate was obvious to all, but no one understood it. Prim and Celia were sure Kate's unhappiness was due to disappointment. Prim assured her that Hugh would give in to their arguments and take her into town, but Kate no longer wanted to go. After her guardian gave away her horrible life secrets, society parties had gone quite out of her head.

Kate couldn't bear for her little sister to find out that they weren't really family, so she said nothing about what she had learned, and she tried to keep up a cheerful appearance. But keeping a secret from loved ones is a heavy burden, and now she was keeping two secrets. Her nightmares were wearing out her, and her worried sister's constant questions were upsetting her. Prim noticed the pale cheeks and the dark shadows under her niece's eyes. Lips tight, she called the doctor, but neither he nor Prim could find anything wrong. Between them, they dosed Kate with a variety of strong and well - meaning remedies that did no good at all.

The weather changed with the approaching end of summer, and clouds gathered over the Hill. One breathless afternoon nothing could bring relief to spirit or body. A gray haze hung in the air, too diffuse to be called clouds, but too thick to be called anything else. The sun shone through it as a brilliant white spot, and not a whisper of wind stirred. As evening came, no thunder rumbled in the hills, and no breeze sprang up to fan their clammy cheeks. The sun was leaving without a blaze of color. The thick haze just seemed to swallow it.

“Please, Aunt Prim, let us walk up in the hills and see if we can't find some cool wind somewhere,” Kate begged. “I promise we'll come back before it gets dark. ” Her aunt knew better than to let her go. Storms were sure to follow a day like this, even if they were taking their time building. But at last she gave consent, with all the conditions hat approaching storms and nightfall demanded. They were to stay out of the woods, watch the sky, and come back at the first sign of bad weather.

45. Why didn't Kate want to go to the town?

46. What does the underlined phrase “wearing out” possibly mean?

47. Under what condition did Aunt Prim agree to let Kate and Emily explore the hills?

六、根据首字母和英文释义，填写适当的单词（共11小题；每小题1分，共11分）请将完整的单词拼写填在答题纸上。

48. The kind teacher has had a lasting i__________ on the lives of many of her students. (n. the powerful effect that something has on somebody/something)

49. I went through about four years of being a__________ to computer games. (adj. unable to stop using or doing something as a habit, especially something harmful)

50. Westerners did not set out to e__________ the world until the fifteenth century. ( v. travel to or around an area or a country in order to learn about it)

51. I don't eat meat, only fish, but there's a good v__________ available here. (n. several different sorts of the same thing)

52. Students will have more access to resources and support, both v__________ and physical. (adj. made to appear to exist by the use of computer software, for example on the internet)

53. I paid the money into my savings a__________ (n. an arrangement that somebody has with a bank, etc. to keep money there, take some out, etc. , )

54. This d__________ allows deaf people to communicate by typing messages instead of speaking. (n. an object or apiece of equipment that has been designed to do a particular job)

55. Teachers will never be r__________ by computers in the classroom. (v. be used instead of somebody/something else)

56. They don't like cold weather, so they wanted to move to a warmer c__________. (n. the regular pattern of weather conditions of a particular place)

57. The poor children had to s__________ by begging and stealing. (v. continue to live or exist)

58. They were very c__________ about the people who lived upstairs. (adj. having a strong desire to know about something)

七、书面表达（15分）

假如你是红星中学高三（1）班学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim对中国的数字化生活（digital life）很感兴趣，来信询问相关情况。请你给他回邮件，内容包括：

1. 介绍你身边的数字化生活；

2. 阐述你的看法；

3. 询问对方情况。

注意：

1. 词数100左右；

2. 开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Jim,

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua- 2022学年度第二学期期中练习题

年级：高一 科目：英语

（考试时间90分钟，满分100分）

一、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分）

1-5 BADCB   6-10 BCDAC

二、语法填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）

A) 11. enabling    12. attending    13. where    14. does   15. whose 

B) 16. have been trying  17. began   18. are   19. throw    20. examined

C) 21. were    22. discovered   23. noticed   24. had caught   25. dropped

三、阅读理解（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）

A) 26-28 DDA   B) 29-31 ABD   C) 32-35 BABD   D) 36-39 CACB

四、信息还原（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

40-44 GDFBA

五、阅读表达（共3小题；每小题2分，共6分）

45. Because society parties had gone quite out of her head after her guardian gave away her horrible life secrets.

46. It means exhausted./ dead tired.

47. Kate promised she would come back before it got dark.

六、根据首字母和英文释义，填写适当的单词（共11小题；每小题1分，共11分）请将完整的单词拼写填在答题纸上。

48. impact   49. addicted   50. explore   51. variety   52. virtual

53. account    54. device    55. replaced   56. climate   57. survive   58. curious

七、书面表达（15分）

Possible version 1:

Dear Jim,

Knowing that you’re interested in the digital life of Chinese, I’d like to tell you something about it around me.

To tell you the truth, I can’t help feeling amazed at the great changes that digital life has brought to us. With a smart phone in hand, I can do almost anything. Just name a few on the list –learning online, getting medical service on the Internet and shopping with a click. I can even travel across China without taking cash!

As a young student, I surely enjoy living in such a digital world. It gives me easy access to abundant resources, news and learning materials alike. If only I wish, it offers the chance to better myself, physically or mentally. However, the digital life also has its downsides. Many elderly Chinese feel left behind, including my grandparents. So I often try to help them keep up.

How about the digital life in your country? Looking forward to your reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

Possible version 2:

Dear Jim,

Learning that you are interested in the digital life of Chinese, I’d like to tell you something about it around me.

You know, the advanced digital technology has changed our lifestyle fundamentally. To me, I can almost pay everything via a mobile phone, such as transportation, food and entertainment. My city has upgraded services, and we can pay bills online, including electricity, gas, water and heating. We can also enjoy reading from e-libraries, visiting virtual museums and even get medical services online.

I feel the digital life has brought great convenience to us and improved our life and work in a way beyond imagination. If only I wish, I can access abundant resources and better myself academically and physically. However, it does have its downside. The biggest one is the risk of privacy and data leak, which deserves better coping. Another is that many elderly get left behind. I feel the young have a duty to help them keep up.

How about the digital life in your country? Looking forward to your reply and your coming to explore our digital world one day.

Yours,

Li Hua

【解析】

【分析】

本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国笔友Jim写封邮件介绍身边的数字化生活。

【详解】

（以第一篇范文为例）

词汇积累

惊讶的：amazed→surprised

购物：shopping→purchasing

喜欢：enjoy→like

跟上：keep up = keep pace with

2.句式拓展

合并简单句

原句：As a young student, I surely enjoy living in such a digital world. It gives me easy access to abundant resources, news and learning materials alike.

拓展句：As a young student, I surely enjoy living in such a digital world, which gives me easy access to abundant resources, news and learning materials alike.

【点睛】

[高分句型1] The biggest one is the risk of privacy and data leak, which deserves better coping.   (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)

[高分句型2] Another is that many elderly get left behind. (运用了that引导的表语从句)