英语-2022年高考考前押题密卷（上海卷）（全解全析）

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2022年高考考前押题密卷（上海卷）
英语·全解全析
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1．A．Tongue-tied. B．Confident. C．Absent-minded. D．Shy.
【答案】A
【原文】
W: I felt so embarrassed today. When the boss asked me a question, I couldn’t think of a word to say.
M: I know the feeling. In situations like that, I often find myself at a loss for words.
Q: How will the man feel in the woman’s situation?
2． A．Mess up the buffet. B．Embarrass himself in public.
C．Jump the queue. D．Consume too much.
【答案】D
【原文】
M: Wow! This buffet looks fantastic. I can’t wait to start eating.
W: Be careful. Don’t overstuff yourself. Remember what happened last time you came here.
Q: What is the woman worried the man may do?
3． A．A faraway village. B．A delicious breakfast.
C．A beautiful view. D．A terrific morning.
【答案】C
【原文】
W: The view from here is terrific. Look! That’s where we had breakfast this morning.
M: You’re right. I can see across the valley.
Q: What are the speakers talking about?
4． A．$10,000. B．$30,000. C．$20,000. D．$5,000.
【答案】C
【原文】
M: I heard the foundation gave the community $10,000 to improve the library.
W: $10,000? They gave twice that amount! My friend told me all about it. She’s been working there for twenty years.
Q: How much did the foundation give according to this woman’s friend?
5． A．A college campus. B．A beautiful park.
C．An art museum. D．An architectural exhibition.
【答案】A
【原文】
W: Wow, I do like this campus. All the trees, lawns, and the old buildings. It’s really beautiful.
M: It sure is. The architecture of these buildings was popular in the 18th century here.
Q: What are the speakers talking about?
6． A．Teacher and student. B．Doctor and patient.
C．Travel agent and customer. D．Manager and office worker.
【答案】D
【原文】
W: Mr. Watson, I wonder whether it’s possible for me to take a vacation early next month.
M: Have you filled out a request form?
Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
7． A．The man is used to cold weather. B．The weather in October should be warmer.
C．The man disbelieves the weather forecast. D．The weather this weekend will remain warm.
【答案】B
【原文】
W: Did you see the weather forecast for this weekend? I can’t believe the temperature is going to drop so dramatically.
M: I did. But it isn’t what October should be like.
Q: What can be learned from the conversation?
8． A．He hopes to graduate before the summer. B．The woman won’t be able to keep up the pace.
C．The woman will graduate after the man. D．He doesn’t want to attend school year round.
【答案】D
【原文】
W: If I can keep up the pace, I will graduate in just 3 years.
M: That may be true, but I never want to give up my summer breaks.
Q: What does the man mean?
9． A．Buy some ingredients for the salad. B．Wait for the woman to return.
C．Hand the store over to the woman. D．Make a shopping list.
【答案】A
【原文】
W: Why don’t you give the salad more flavour?
M: Good idea. Tell me what you like and I’ll run over to the corner store to get it.
Q: What does the man offer to do?
10． A．Deliver the notebook to Cathy. B．Look for Cathy’s notebook.
C．Ask Cathy to explain the chemistry notes. D．Ask Cathy for the man’s notebook.
【答案】A
【原文】
M: Could you do me a favour? I really need to get this notebook to Cathy, and I know she’s in your chemistry class this afternoon.
W: No problem.
Q: What will the woman most probably do?
Section B
Directions: In Section B. you will hear two short passages several and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11．A．The rewards of taking care of living things.
B．The chances to develop new farming technologies.
C．The opportunities to have another source of income.
D．The experience of a harsh and unsettling winter.
12．A．Mushrooms. B．Windows. C．Tomatoes. D．Growing lights.
13．A．Because some of its employees came down with Covid-19.
B．Because planting on social medial has gone viral.
C．Because the growing demands for seeds couldn’t be satisfied.
D．Because the rise of indoor gardening had driven up operational costs.
【答案】
11．A 12．D 13．C
【原文】
Last year, many people across the world looked to their gardens to find enjoyment and peace during the coronavirus outbreak.
Gardens were established in communities and homes with vegetables, flowers and many other different kinds of plants. Millions of people found happiness, release and a sense of safety with their hands in the dirt.
Houseplants are hot now and social media is full of plant photos. Here is a look at some possible ways to enjoy gardening indoors.
New technologies make it easier to grow plants anywhere indoors, with or without soil. The plants offer not only beauty, but the rewards of caring for living things and seeing them grow.
Indoor vegetable gardening, too, has become especially popular both as a food source and as a family activity. For example, small, contained gardens can be bought and placed next to the window. Mushrooms can be grown in a cardboard box or tomatoes can easily be grown in a bottle.
A rise in indoor gardening has driven up sales for greenhouses, growing lights and seeds. One seed company in the northeastern state of Maine, Johnny’s Selected Seeds, recently suspended orders from home gardeners temporarily. It said that the large number of orders it was receiving could not be effectively filled.
The garden can be a metaphor for peace, safety, success and calm. Not a bad place for the mind’s eye to rest, especially in this most unsettling of winters.
Questions:
11. What else do plants offer besides beauty?
12. Which product tends to sell better due to the rise in indoor gardening?
13. Why did the seed company suspend orders from home gardeners?
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14．A．Those experiencing kind family environment.
B．Those suffering physical and verbal abuse from parents.
C．Those exposed in verbal abuse in their childhood.
D．Those having experienced depression.
15．A．Becoming more tolerant.
B．Having undeveloped brain connections.
C．Having higher level of being fearless.
D．No connection between the right and the left side of the brain.
16．A．Help kids learn to be more self-controlled.
B．Let kids stay away from drug abuse.
C．Treasure kids’ middle school life by using nice expressions.
D．Prepare kids with those bad verbal expressions.
【答案】
14．A 15．B 16．C
【原文】
A recent study of middle school children showed that verbal abuse by other children, such as unkind words, name-calling or even the so-called “the silent treatment”, can harm development in the brain. The study was a project of researchers at Harvard Medical School in Massachusetts. They studied young adults, ages 18 to 25. These young men and women had no experience with domestic violence, physically or verbally, by their parents. The researchers asked the young people to rate their childhood exposure to verbal abuse from both parents and other children. Then the researchers performed imaging tests on the brains of the subjects. The images showed that the individuals who reported suffering verbal abuse from their peers in middle school had underdeveloped connections between the left and right side of the brain. The two sides of the brain are connected by a large bundle of connecting fibers. This was the area that was underdeveloped. The middle school years are a time when these brain connections are developing. So, unkind, hurtful comments from children or adults during this period had the greatest effect. The researchers tested the mental and emotional condition of all the young people in the study. The tests showed that this same group of individuals had higher levels of fear, depression, anger and drug abuse than others in the study. The researchers published their findings online, pointing out that we cannot control what other people say to our children, but we can prepare them. A website called CreativeWithKids.com suggests 64 things that all children need to hear, such as “You are creative.” Or “I’m really proud of you.”
Questions:
14. What kind of young people are selected as subjects in the research?
15. What may a person suffer from being exposed in verbal abuse in childhood?
16. What are teachers and parents supposed to do after learning from the findings?
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17．A．They are both worried about the negative impact of technology.
B．They differ greatly in their knowledge of modern technology.
C．They disagree about the future of AI technology.
D．They work in different fields of AI technology.
18．A．Stimulating and motivating.
B．Simply writing AI software.
C．More demanding and requiring special training.
D．Less time-consuming and focusing on creation.
19．A．There could be jobs nobody wants to do.
B．Digital life could replace human civilization.
C．Humans would be tired of communicating with one another.
D．Old people would be taken care of solely by unfeeling robots.
20．A．It will be smarter than human beings.
B．Chips will be inserted in human brains.
C．It will take away humans’ jobs altogether.
D．Life will become like a science fiction film.
【答案】
17．C 18．D 19．B 20．A
【原文】
W: How do you feel about the future of the artificial intelligence? Personally, I feel quite optimistic about it.
M: AI? I’m not so optimistic actually. In fact, it’s something we should be concerned about.
W: Well, it will help us humans understand ourselves better. And when we have a better understanding of ourselves, we can improve the world.
M: Well, one thing is for sure, technology is evolving faster than our ability to understand it. And in the future AI will make jobs kind of meaningless.
W: I think artificial intelligence will actually help create new kinds of jobs, which would require less of our time and allow us to focus on creative tasks.
M: I doubt that very much. Probably the last job that will remain will be writing AI software. And then eventually AI will just write its own software.
W: At that time we are going to have a lot of jobs, which nobody will want to do. So we will need artificial intelligence for the robots to take care of the old guys like us.
M: I don’t know. There’s a risk that human civilization could be replaced by a superior type of digital life. AI will be able to completely imitate a person in every way possible. In fact, some people think we’re in an imitation right now.
W: That’s impossible. Humans can’t even make a mosquito. Computers only have chips. People have brains. And that’s where the wisdom comes from.
M: Once it’s fully developed, AI will become tired of trying to communicate with humans as we would be much slower thinkers in comparison.
W: Well, I’m not so sure. A computer is a computer and a computer is just a toy.
M: Computers can easily communicate incredibly fast. So the computer will just get impatient talking to humans, and it’ll be barely getting any information out.
W: Well, I believe there’s a bright future with AI. I also think you watch too many science-fiction films.
Questions:
17. What can we learn about the speakers from the conversation?
18. What will new kinds of jobs be like according to the woman?
19. What is the risk the man predicts?
20. What is the man’s concern about AI technology?
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
China kicked off the 2022 Winter Olympics with a visually sunning opening ceremony.
____21____ a lively, snowflake-themed show that emphasized youth and “ordinary people,” the games were declared officially open, prompting a burst of fireworks over the “Bird’s Nest” National Stadium in central Beijing.
The final step was to deliver the ceremonial flame, a moment that often ____22____ (carry) symbolic weight based in part on who is selected for the task. Chinese officials chose two athletes, one of ____23____ was Dinigeer Yilamujiang, a Uyghur cross country skier from Xinjiang.
The pair placed the flame inside a giant snowflake, a closely watched moment with symbolic weight in more ways than one.
“This was a riposte(机智的回答) to President Joe Biden for skipping these Olympics and a message to the West: China____24____(not lecture to) on human rights, or on any other issue,” said Andy Browne, editorial director of the Bloomberg New Economy Forum.
With temperatures appropriately below freezing in the Chinese capital, the ceremony began with an opening sequence ____25____ (focus) on youth and spring. The Olympics started on the fourth day of the Lunar New Year. China’s biggest holiday, also known as Spring Festival.
The ceremony overall was a scaled-down affair compared with past years, amid drives by both the IOC and the Chinese government ____26____ (promote) sustainability and rein in excess. Though it began and ended with fireworks, there were only about 10 percent as many as the last time Beijing hosted the Olympics in 2008. Renowned Chinese filmmaker Zhang Yimou, who directed that ceremony ____27____ this one, told Chinese state media that the performers in this year’s show would be “ordinary people.”
In stark contrast to the epic 2008 Summer Olympics opening ceremony in Beijing, which ran for about four hours, this year’s grand display ____28____ (simplify)and shortened to less than 100 minutes because of the pandemic and the cold weather, according to Xinhua.
Only 3,000 performers, ____29____ teenagers made up the vast majority, ____30____ (take) part, compared with 15,000 in 2008, Xinhua said.
【答案】
21．with 22．carries 23．whom 24．won’t be lectured to/isn’t to be lectured to 25．focused
26．to promote 27．as well as 28．was simplified 29．of whom 30．took
【解析】
本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是2022年北京冬奥会的开幕式。
21．考查介词。句意：在一场以雪花为主题，强调年轻人和“普通人”的生动表演中，北京奥运会正式开幕，在北京市中心的“鸟巢”国家体育场上空引发了一阵焰火。根据语境和句意可知，“表演”和“开幕”同时进行，因此空格处意为“伴随着”，是介词with，位于句首，首字母大写，故填With。
22．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：最后一步是传递圣火，这一时刻通常具有象征意义，部分基于由谁被选为圣火传递者。由often可知，that从句中时态是一般现在时，主语that指代的是先行词moment，是单数，因此空格处用第三人称单数carries，故填carries。
23．考查定语从句。句意：中国官员选择了两名运动员，其中一名是来自新疆的维吾尔族越野滑雪运动员迪尼吉尔·依拉穆江。分析句子结构可知，“one of ____was Dinigeer Yilamujiang”是“介词+whom/which”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词athletes是人，因此空格处用关系代词whom，故填whom。
24．考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：彭博新经济论坛(Bloomberg New Economy Forum)的编辑主任安迪•布朗(Andy Browne)表示:“这是对美国总统乔•拜登(Joe Biden)缺席奥运会的回应，也是在向西方传递一个信息:在人权或任何其他问题上，中国不会被人说教。”表达“中国将来不会被说教”，应用一般将来时的被动语态，可用won’t be done，也可用be to be done ；China是单数，故填won’t be lectured to/isn’t to be lectured to。
25．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国首都北京的气温在零度以下，开幕式以青春和春天的主题开场。句中谓语是began，空格处用非谓语动词，sequence和focus是被动关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填focused。
26．考查不定式。句意：在国际奥委会和中国政府推动可持续发展和控制过度行为的背景下，今年的开幕式总体上与往年相比规模有所缩减。drives意为“强烈欲望”，其后用不定式作后置定语，因此空格处是不定式to promote，故填to promote。
27．考查连词。句意：中国著名导演张艺谋，导演了那次和这次的颁奖仪式，他告诉中国国家媒体，今年的表演者将是“普通人”。由“that ceremony”和“this one”是并列关系，因此空格处用表示“和”的as well as，故填as well as。
28．考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：据新华社报道，2008年北京夏季奥运会开幕式耗时约4个小时，与之形成鲜明对比的是，由于疫情和寒冷的天气，今年的开幕式被简化，缩短至不到100分钟。今年的开幕式是过去发生的事情，且是被简化，因此空格处用一般过去时的被动语态，主语display是单数，因此空格处是was simplified。故填was simplified。
29．考查定语从句。句意：新华社称，今年只有3000名表演者参加，其中青少年占绝大多数，而2008年有1.5万人参加。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句；根据表示在3000名表演者中青少年占绝大多数，应用表所属关系的介词of，先行词performers是人，因此空格处是of whom。故填of whom。
30．考查时态。句意：新华社称，今年只有3000名表演者参加，其中青少年占绝大多数，而2008年有1.5万人参加。空处为主句谓语动词，表演者参加开幕式是过去的事情，因此句子时态用一般过去时。故填took。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.


A．mounting        B．stimulus        C．distribution        D．interventions        E. divided
F. collapse       G. sustainable        H. shrinking        I. trembled        J. distinctions
K. reshape
In February the Coronavirus pandemic struck the world’s economy with the biggest shock since the second world war. Lock-downs and a slump in consumer spending led to a labour market ____31____ in which the equivalent of nearly 500m full-time jobs disappeared almost overnight. World trade ____32____ as factories shut down and countries closed their borders. An even deeper economic catastrophe was avoided thanks only to unprecedented ____33____ in financial markets by central banks, government aid to workers and failing firms, and the expansion of budget deficits to near-wartime levels.The crash was synchronized. As a recovery takes place, however, huge gaps between the performance of countries are opening up — which could yet ____34____ the world’s economic order.
By the end of next year, according to forecasts by the OECD, America’s economy will be the same size as it was in 2019 but China’s will be 10% larger. Europe will still languish beneath its pre-pandemic level of output and could do so for several years — a fate it may share with Japan, which is suffering a demo-graphic squeeze. The ____35____ of growth rates across 50 economies was at its widest for at least 40 years.
These adjustment will be immense. The pandemic will leave economies less globalized, more digitized and less equal. As they cut risks in their supply chains and harness automation, manufacturers will bring production closer to home. As office workers continue to work in their kitchens and bedrooms for at least part of the week, lower-paid workers who previously worked as waiters, cleaners and sales assistants will need to find new jobs in the suburbs. Until they do, they could face long spells of unemployment. In America permanent job losses are ____36____ even as the headline unemployment rate falls.
Instead America’s weakness is toxic and ____37____ politics. This week President Donald Trump seemed to abandon talks over renewing its ____38____, meaning that the economy could fall over a fiscal cliff. Critical reforms, whether to redesign the safety-net for a tech-driven economy or to put deficits on a ____39____ course, are all but impossible while two warring tribes define compromise as weakness, Covid-19 is imposing a new economic reality. Every country will be called on to adapt, but America faces a daunting task. If it is to lead the post-pandemic world, it will have to reset its politics.
The pandemic has created big performance _____40_____ between the world’s economies. They could get even larger.
【答案】
31．F 32．I 33．D 34．K 35．C 36．A 37．E 38．B 39．G 40．J
【解析】
本文是说明文。文章介绍了新冠肺炎疫情对美国社会、经济带来的影响。
31．考查名词。句意：封锁和消费支出下滑导致劳动力市场崩溃，相当于近5亿全职工作岗位在一夜之间消失。根据句意和空格后定语从句“in which the equivalent of nearly 500m full-time jobs disappeared almost overnight”可知，应填入名词collapse构成名词词组labour market collapse作宾语，意为“劳动力市场崩溃”，符合句意。故选F项。
32．考查谓语动词。句意：随着工厂关闭，各国关闭边境，世界贸易受到冲击。分析句子可知，空格处是主句谓语动词，结合句中“as factories shut down and countries closed their borders”可知，应填入动词trembled作谓语，意为“颤抖、震荡”，符合句意。故选I项。
33．考查名词。句意：多亏了中央银行对金融市场前所未有的干预，政府对工人和濒临倒闭的公司的援助，以及将预算赤字扩大到接近战时水平，一场更严重的经济灾难才得以避免。根据空格前形容词unprecedented可知，应使用名词作宾语，结合句意和“by central banks”可知，应填入名词interventions，意为“中央银行的干预”，符合句意。故选D项。
34．考查动词。句意：但是，随着经济的恢复，各国之间的差距越来越大，世界经济秩序也有可能发生变化。根据空格前情态动词可知，应填入动词原形作定语从句谓语动词，结合上文“huge gaps between the performance of countries are opening up”可推知，应用动词reshape，意为“重新塑造”，符合句意。故选K项。
35．考查名词。句意：50个经济体的经济增长率分布处于至少40年来最宽的水平。根据空格前定冠词The可知，应使用名词作主语，结合句意和选项，应用名词distribution构成词组“distribution of growth rates”，意为“增长率分布”，符合句意。故选C项。
36．考查动词。句意：在美国，即使整体失业率下降，永久性失业人数仍在增加。根据even as可知，上下文有对比关系，整体失业率下降，永久性失业人数仍在增加，填入动词mounting构成现在进行时态，表示“正在增加”，符合句意。故选A项。
37．考查形容词。句意：相反，美国的弱点是有毒的、分裂的政治。设空处与形容词toxic是并列关系，作定语修饰名词politics，应用形容词divided作定语，意为“分裂的”，符合句意。故选E项。
38．考查名词。句意：本周，美国总统唐纳德•特朗普似乎放弃了有关恢复刺激计划的谈判，这意味着美国经济可能跌落财政悬崖。根据空格前形容词性物主代词its可知，应使用名词作宾语，结合句意和选项可知，应填入名词stimulus，意为“恢复刺激计划”，符合句意。故选B项。
39．考查形容词。句意：当两党都将妥协定义为软弱时，无论是重新设计技术驱动型经济的安全网，还是让赤字走上可持续发展的道路，关键的改革几乎是不可能的。根据句意，结合选 项可知，应填入形容词sustainable作定语，修饰名词course，表示“可持续发展道路”，符合句意。故选G项。
40．考查名词。句意：因新冠肺炎疫情，世界各国的经济表现出现了巨大差异。根据空格后作定语的介词短语可知，应填入名词作宾语，结合句意和选项可知，应填入名词distinctions构成词组“performance distinctions”，意为“表现差异”，符合句意。故选J项。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Two of the most critical lessons learned from the pandemic are the need for effective national leadership and for clear, consistent communication. Countries that fared well had both in abundance; those that didn’t often faltered. The TIMES survey results reflect this, with____41____was “leadership and public communication strategies” the only category in which every rated, on average, at least 4 out of 5 for priority. The highest ranking in the category went to “ensuring strong, federally coordinated responses that provincial, state, and local jurisdictions can rely upon for guidance”. The importance of this cannot be overstated. In the U.S., it made no sense to have 50 states ____42____ their own supplies of masks and tests, and 50 different sets of rules to contain (or not) the disease. As a former local health official, I can tell you that local health departments are chronically under ____43____ and so rely on federal entities to formulate clear____44____ and evidence-based policy guidance, which ___45___ those closer to the ground to tailor the specifics to their communities. Being able to point to federal guidelines helps serve as political cover-important when the recommendations ask for difficult actions, such as shuttering businesses and ____46____ stay-at-home orders.
The TIMES survey also identifies global health governance as a top ____47____ including to “reform the World Health Organization’s regulatory authority”. Unfortunately, the____48____of this intervention was rated 2.86. I agree with this low ranking. Any reform at the WHO will be a long and tedious ____49____. Global health governance needs to occur, but meanwhile, individual governments can take matters into their own ______50______. First, they must rigorously evaluate their country’s pandemic response and make necessary ______51______ to improve local, regional and national infrastructure and coordination. Second, they should strengthen international scientific______52______. Third, willing countries can ______53______ multinational agreements for transparency, mutual aid and partnership.
Improvements in global public health must begin locally and be driven by leaders who will learn the hard ______54______ from COVID-19. If we can ______55______the key factors that need reform, then we must agree on doing what it takes to prevent another tragedy.
41．A．proposal B．refusal C．adjustment D．substitute
42．A．influence B．promise C．secure D．pattern
43．A．smashed B．stuffed C．smoothed D．staffed
44．A．careers B．goals C．trends D．signs
45．A．employs B．emphasizes C．emerges D．empowers
46．A．imposing B．stretching C．challenging D．intruding
47．A．appeal B．solution C．principle D．priority
48．A．possibility B．feasibility C．availability D．practicality
49．A．property B．combination C．process D．calculation
50．A．hands B．ears C．mouths D．eyes
51．A．achievements B．judgements C．pavements D．investments
52．A．donations B．collaborations C．qualifications D．regulations
53．A．determine B．overlook C．initiate D．evaluate
54．A．lessons B．causes C．subjects D．models
55．A．make with B．show up C．take over D．agree on
【答案】
41．A 42．C 43．D 44．B 45．D 46．A 47．D 48．B 49．C 50．A
51．D 52．B 53．C 54．A 55．D
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了，美国人应从这场疫情中吸取的两个最重要的教训：需要有效的国家领导和清晰、一致的沟通；和进行全球卫生治理的三个策略。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：《时代》杂志的调查结果反映了这一点，其建议是“领导力和公共传播战略”，这是唯一一个平均每个人都认为至少五分之四优先的类别。A. proposal建议、提议；B. refusal拒绝；C. adjustment调整；D. substitute代替品。由上文的“Two of the most critical lessons learned from the pandemic are the need for effective national leadership and for clear, consistent communication.”和下文的“leadership and public communication strategies”可知，作者认为美国人要从疫情中吸取的两个最重要的教训：需要有效的国家领导和清晰一致的沟通（这有助于帮助战胜疫情），这是《时代》杂志调查结果认可的策略，因为作者的“建议”是（为了战胜疫情）要注重领导力和公共传播战略。故选A项。
42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在美国，让50个州确保自己的口罩和测试供应，以及让50套不同的规则来控制（或不控制）疾病是没有意义的。A. influence影响；B. promise承诺；C. secure使安全、确保；D. pattern构成图案。由上文的“The highest ranking in the category went to ‘ensuring strong, federally coordinated responses that provincial, state, and local jurisdictions can rely upon for guidance’.”可知，疫情防控的有效策略是“确保省、州和地方司法管辖区可以依赖强有力的、联邦政府协调的回应作为指导”，即美国各州可以在强有力的联邦政府统筹协调下，自己应对本地疫情，确保各自州内的口罩和测试供应。故选C项。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名前地方卫生官员，我可以告诉你，地方卫生部门长期人手不足，因此要依赖联邦政体制定明确的目标和基于证据的政策指导，这些政策指导使那些更接近实际的人能够根据自己的团体定制具体条例。A. smashed粉碎；B. stuffed填满；C. smoothed使平整；D. staffed任职于。由上文语境和下文的“so rely on federal entities to formulate clear　　44　　 and evidence-based policy guidance”可知，让美国50个州的50套不同的规则来控制（或不控制）疾病是没有意义，最终各州要依赖联邦政体制定明确的目标和基于证据的政策指导，该空应该讲述形成这种状况的原因，应该是地方卫生部门长期人手不足，under staffed (人员不足的)。故选D项。
44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名前地方卫生官员，我可以告诉你，地方卫生部门长期人手不足，因此要依赖联邦政体制定明确的目标和基于证据的政策指导，这些政策指导使那些更接近实际的人能够根据自己的团体定制具体条例。A. careers事业；B. goals目标；C. trends趋势；D. signs标志。由下文的“evidence-based policy guidance”可知，美国地方卫生部门因长期人手不足无法自己应对疫情，所以需要依赖联邦政体制订基于证据的政策指导和明确的（抗疫）目标来防控疫情及战胜疫情。故选B项。
45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名前地方卫生官员，我可以告诉你，地方卫生部门长期人手不足，因此要依赖联邦政体制定明确的目标和基于证据的政策指导，这些政策指导使那些更接近实际的人能够根据自己的团体定制具体条例。A. employs雇用；B. emphasizes强调；C. emerges浮现；D. empowers给（某人）……的权力。由上文的“rely on federal entities to formulate clear　　44　　 and evidence-based policy guidance”可知，美国各州需要依赖联邦政体制订基于证据的政策指导来防控疫情及战胜疫情，说明这些基于证据的政策指导对各州面临的疫情是有用的，它们能够赋予当地接近疫情现实的人权力，因地制宜的采取措施，定制具体条例。故选D项。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当这些建议要求采取困难的行动时，例如关闭企业和强制执行留在家中的命令，能够提出联邦指导方针有助于充当重要的政治掩护。A. imposing强制实行、把……强加于；B. stretching伸展；C. challenging挑战；D. intruding闯入。由下文的“stay-at-home orders”可知，让美国各州人民居家隔离、不出门，这需要国家通过法令强制实施。故选A项。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：《时代》调查还将全球卫生治理确定为首要任务，包括“改革世界卫生组织的监管机构”。A. appeal上诉；B. solution解决方法；C. principle原则；D. priority最重要的事、首要事情。由上文的“global health governance”可知，面对疫情层出不穷，全球卫生治理应该是重中之重的事情。故选D项。
48．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，这种干预的可行性被评为2.86。A. possibility可能性；B. feasibility可行性；C. availability可利用性；D. practicality实用性。由上文的“identifies global health governance as a top 　　47　　 including to “reform the World Health Organization’s regulatory authority””和下文的“rated 2.86”可知，全球卫生治理（包括“改革世界卫生组织的监管机构”）应为首要任务，但评级为2.86，说明这种干预的可行性很低。故选B项。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：世卫组织的任何改革都将是一个漫长而乏味的过程。A. property财产；B. combination结合；C. process过程；D. calculation计算。由上文的“Any reform at the WHO will be a long and tedious”可知，任何改革都有一个过程。故选C项。
50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：需要进行全球卫生治理，但与此同时，各地政府可以自行处理问题。A. hands手；B. ears耳；C. mouths嘴；D. eyes眼。由上文的“Global health governance needs to occur, but meanwhile”可知，面对疫情这样全球的公共卫生问题，不仅需要全球宏观抗疫，还需要各地自己着手解决问题，take matters into one’s own hands (自己主动掌握一切、自己着手解决问题)。故选A项。
51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：首先，他们必须严格评估本国的疫情应对措施，并进行必要的投资，以改善地方、区域和国家的基础设施和协调。A. achievements成就；B. judgements判断；C. pavements人行道；D. investments投入、投资。由下文的“to improve local, regional and national infrastructure and coordination”可知，要改善地方、区域和国家的基础设施和协调，需要大量的投资才能实现。故选D项。
52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：其次，他们应该加强国际科学合作。A. donations捐献；B. collaborations合作；C. qualifications资格,素质, 技能,；D. regulations规章制度。由上文的“they should strengthen international scientific”可知，面对疫情这样全球的公共卫生问题，除了需要各国自己着手解决问题外，各国还可以加强国际科学合作来研究病毒。故选B项。
53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：第三，有意愿的国家可以就透明度、互助和伙伴关系达成多国协议。A. determine决定；B. overlook忽略；C. initiate发起、达成；D. evaluate评估。由上文语境可知，国家间可以开展相关合作，合作期间自然可以达成相关协议。故选C项。
54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：全球公共卫生的改善必须从本地开始，并由将从COVID-19吸取艰难经验的领导者推动。A. lessons教训、经验；B. causes原因；C. subjects主题；D. models模范。由上文的“Improvements in global public health”和本处的“be driven by leaders who will learn the hard 　　54　　 from COVID-19”可知，吸取了COVID-19疫情防控经验的领导人，才会给全球公共卫生带来改善。故选A项。
55．考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果我们能在需要改革的关键因素上达成一致，那么我们就必须同意采取必要措施防止另一场悲剧。A. make with产生；B. show up如约赶到；C. take over接管；D. agree on同意。由下文的“we must agree on doing what it takes”可知，抗议防疫过程中，只有达成一致意见，在需要改革的关键因素上达成一致，才能防止另一场悲剧。故选D项。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
Wholesale prices for gas and electricity are increasing suddenly across Europe,raising the possibility of increases in already-high utility (公共事业）bills and further pain for people who have taken a financial hit fromCOVID-19.
Governments are struggling to find ways to limit costs to consumers as scant natural gas reserves present yet another potential problem, exposing the continent to even more price increases and possible shortages if it’s a cold winter.
In the U.K., many people will see their gas and electricity bills rise next month after the nation’s energy regulator approved a 12% price increase for those without contracts that lock in rates. Officials in Italy have warned that prices will increase by 40% for the quarter that will be billed in October.
There are multiple causes for the price increases, energy analysts say, including tight supplies of natural gas used to generate electricity, higher costs for permits to release carbon dioxide as part of Europe’s fight against climate change, and less supply from wind in some cases.
Analysts at S&P Global Platts say electricity prices have risen due to strong demand from places like data centers and electric cars, but above all because of the rise in the price of natural gas used in generating plants. Utility companies’ exposure to natural gas prices has increased as high-emission coal plants have been retired, while utilities face higher costs for carbon allowances required by the European Union’s emissions trading system, which is aimed at reducing emissions of greenhouse gases.
The tight gas market could bite even more sharply if there’s an unusually cold winter. That’s because European distributors did not refill reserves reduced during last winter as they typically had done in summer months. In March 2008, when the freeze named “the beast from the east” hit Europe, industrial users in the U.K got a notice that there was a risk of interruption, although it didn’t come to that.
Could Europe run out of gas? “The short answer is Yes, this is a real risk,” said James Huckstepp, an analyst at S&P Global Platts. “Storage stocks are at record lows and there isn’t currently any spare supply capacity that is exportable anywhere in the world.The longer answer is that it’s hard to predict how it will play out given that Europe has never run out of gas in two decades under the current distribution system.”
56．What does the underlined word “scant” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Total. B．Additional. C．Limited. D．Regular.
57．What has actually led to the rise of electricity prices?
A．The closure of some coal plants. B．The great demand for electric cars.
C．The competition between utility companies. D．The change in the emissions trading system.
58．Why could an unusually cold winter make the gas market tighter?
A．More natural gas will be needed for industrial use. B．European distributors don’t make good preparations.
C．It is not easy to fill reserves during the cold weather. D．Utility companies work can be easily interrupted.
59．What can we learn from James Huckstepp’s words in the last paragraph?
A．Europe is expected to seek help from other countries.
B．It is hard to control the gas price in Europe at present.
C．Europe might face a serious shortage of gas in the future.
D．There’s something wrong with Europe’s distribution system.
【答案】
56．C 57．A 58．B 59．C
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了欧洲天然气价格上涨，储量不足，未来可能面临严重的天然气短缺。
56．词句猜测题。通过画线词下文“exposing the continent to even more price increases and possible shortages if it’s a cold winter (这将使欧洲大陆面临更多的价格上涨，如果冬天寒冷，还可能出现天然气短缺。)”可推知，此处指天然气储量是有限的、不足的，所以很可能在欧洲大陆上造成天然气短缺。画线词“scant”意为“不足的、缺乏的”。故选C项。
57．推理判断题。通过文章第五段“Utility companies’ exposure to natural gas prices has increased as high-emission coal plants have been retired, while utilities face higher costs for carbon allowances required by the European Union’s emissions trading system, which is aimed at reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. (随着高排放的燃煤电厂被淘汰，公用事业公司受到天然气价格的影响有所增加，同时，公用事业公司面临着欧盟碳排放交易体系要求的更高的碳排放额度成本，该体系旨在减少温室气体的排放)”可推知，一些燃煤电厂的关闭是导致电价上涨的主要原因。故选A项。
58．细节理解题。通过文章倒数第二段“The tight gas market could bite even more sharply if there’s an unusually cold winter. That’s because European distributors did not refill reserves reduced during last winter as they typically had done in summer months. (如果今年冬天异常寒冷，供应紧张的天然气市场可能会受到更大的冲击。这是因为欧洲经销商没有像夏季那样补充去年冬季减少的库存)”可知，异常寒冷的冬天会让天然气市场变得更加紧张是因为欧洲经销商没有做好准备。故选B项。
59．推理判断题。通过文章最后一段James Huckstepp的话“The short answer is Yes, this is a real risk (简单的回答是肯定的，这是一个真正的风险)”以及“Storage stocks are at record lows and there isn’t currently any spare supply capacity that is exportable anywhere in the world. (库存处于历史最低水平，目前世界上任何地方都没有可供出口的备用供应能力)”可推知，欧洲的天然气储备不足，未来可能面临严重的天然气短缺。故选C项。
B
Amid people’s passion for the Winter Olympics in Beijing. an unhappy issue on the day right before the Valentine’s Day put a damper on the worldwide event. When four policemen were having a meal outside Starbucks located at the old town of Ciqikou, Chongqing a shop assistant, hoping to make room for other customers, drove them out with an inappropriate choice of words, sparking a heated discussion on Weibo, one of China’s largest social media platforms.
Despite people’s outrageous disappointment at Starbucks, the chain store still remains dominant in the coffee market of massive cities such as Shanghai. Housing over 900 stores, Shanghai tops the list of the number of Starbucks stores with its largest store in the world, Shanghai Roastery, opened on West Nanjing Road in 2018.
Furthermore, Shanghai also has the reputation of having most coffee stores in the world. Various coffee stores can be accessed in Shanghai. Recommended are offered:
*****4.6   ￥26/per person       MANNER
Taste:4.6 Environment:4.7 Service:4.5
Mon-Thu 08:00-20:30
Fri-Sun 08:00-21:30
*****4.4   ￥44/per person ARABICA
Taste: 43. Environment: 4.3 Service 4.3
Mon-Thu 09:00-18:00
Fri-Sun 09:00-19:00
Situated alongside Huangpu River with a giant Panda doll sitting on its rooftop, the Xuhui branch store of Manner Coffee has become a WeChat moments-worthy location. Although people will wait a long time before tasting the coffee, the tents on the rooftop and the landscape are worth the effort. Flat white and Panda latte are the most sought-after coffee products.
Take a walk with your eyes open, and you will find a sun porch at the end of a lane off Wukang Road. Bright sunlight is Arabica’s most powerful marketing too. Visitors keep popping into the coffee shop for its minimalist interior and Spanish latte. Whoever visit this place will be reminded of the saying that good wine needs no brush. “Coffee” is a better substitute here, though.
*****4.5 ￥57/per person   O.P.S
Taste:4.5 Environment: 4.2 Service: 4.6
Mon-Sun 10:00-18:00
*****4.4 ￥57/person     RALPH’S
Taste:4.3 Environment:4.3 Service:4.4
Mon-Fri: 09:00-21:00
Sat-Sum10:00-22:00
The O.P.S. Cafe is an open window on Taiyuan Road, offering only takeaway coffee for customers. The menu, though updated seasonally, displays only five products. When customers get their coffee, they also receive a card bearing its brewing process. Verbal introductions can also be expected from coffee makers, stirring a warmer feeling in customer heart. The winter specials of O.P.S. include into the Wild and Fantasy of the Deep Forest.
Ralph’s coffee, an expanded business sector of Ralph Lauren, America’s famous clothing brand is a popular place at Jing’ an Kerry Center. It’s the third branch store opened following Hong Kong and Beijing. The coffee shop sports its Himalayan salt caramel latte. Apart from its coffee and cake, peripheral products such as fluffy bear dolls, plates, hats are on sale as well. Many people are deeply attracted by its nostalgic interior as well as its green and white style.
60. The underlined phrase in paragraph one has a similar meaning to"____________________”
A．was closely related to B．sparked dissatisfaction with
C．ruined the atmosphere of D．was overshadowed by
61．According to the passage, which of the following statements is probably NOT true?
A．Into the Wild is not available in the next season.
B．Spanish latte is more expensive than Panda latte.
C．O.P.S. Cafe staff can tell you in person how they make their coffee.
D．River view can be enjoyed at Manner coffee
62．According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．The interior style of Arabica is associated with a sense of luxury.
B．Visitors are attracted by the old-fashioned style of Ralph’s coffee.
C．Shanghai has the reputation of having most Starbucks, Mannel, Arabica stores.
D．Qn weekdays, no coffee is served in any of the stores above after 9 p.m.
【答案】
60．C 61．B 62．B
【解析】
本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是上海的四家咖啡店的相关信息。
60．词句猜测题。根据第一段的“When four policemen were having a meal outside Starbucks located at the old town of Ciqikou, Chongqing a shop assistant, hoping to make room for other customers, drove them out with an inappropriate choice of words(当四名警察在重庆磁器口老城的星巴克外用餐时，一名店员为了给其他顾客让座，用措辞不当的方式将他们赶了出去)”可知，警察被星巴克驱赶这件事影响不好，因此是给冬奥会带来了不好的影响，也就是破坏了冬奥会的氛围，因此划线部分“put a damper on”的意思是“破坏气氛”，即ruined the atmosphere of，故选C。
61．细节理解题。根据第三个咖啡店O.P.S介绍部分的“The winter specials of O.P.S. include into the Wild and Fantasy of the Deep Forest.(O.P.S.的冬季特辑包括《荒野生存》与《森林深处的幻想》。)”可知，《荒野生存》只在冬季提供，在下一个季节没有，因此A选项正确；根据第三个咖啡店O.P.S介绍部分的“Verbal introductions can also be expected from coffee makers, stirring a warmer feeling in customer heart.(也可以期待冲咖啡的人的口头介绍，在顾客心中激起一种温暖的感觉。)”可知，O.P.S.咖啡馆的员工可以亲自告诉你他们是怎么煮咖啡的，因此C选项正确；根据第一个咖啡店MANNER的介绍部分的“Situated alongside Huangpu River with a giant Panda doll sitting on its rooftop, the Xuhui branch store of Manner Coffee has become a WeChat moments-worthy location.(Manner咖啡徐汇店坐落在黄浦江边，屋顶上摆放着一只大熊猫玩偶，已经成为一个值得庆祝的好地方。)”可知，在Manner咖啡店可以享受河景，因此D选项正确。文中并没有明确Spanish latte和Panda latte的价钱，因此B选项可能不准确，故选B。
62．细节理解题。根据第四个咖啡店RALPH’S介绍部分的“Many people are deeply attracted by its nostalgic interior as well as its green and white style.(许多人被其怀旧的内饰以及绿色和白色的风格深深吸引。)”可知，游客们被RALPH’S咖啡店的老式风格所吸引。故选B。
C
Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce, born on December 27, 1986, is a Jamaican track and field sprinter who competes in the 60 metres, 100 metres and 200 metres.
Not so long ago, most people didn’t know who Shelly-Ann was going to become. She was just an average high school athlete. There was every indication that she was just another teenager without much of a future. However, one person wants to change this. Stephen Francis observed then eighteen-year-old Shelly-Ann at a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginning of greatness. He decided to train Shelly-Ann strictly. Their cooperation quickly produced results. At Jamaica’s Olympic Games in 2008, Shelly-Ann beat Jamaica’s unchallenged queen of the sprint. Widely regarded as one of the greatest sprinters of all time, her achievements on the track since 2008 helped to elevate Jamaican athletics on the international scene.
Shelly-Ann is a little woman with a big smile. She has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance. Her journey to becoming the fastest woman on earth has been anything but smooth and effortless. She grew up in one of Jamaica’s toughest communities known as Waterhouse, where she lived in a one-room apartment, sleeping four in a bed with her mother and two brothers. Waterhouse, one of the poorest communities in Jamaica, is a really violent and overpopulated place. Sometimes her family didn’t have enough to eat. Her mother Maxime, one of a family of fourteen, had been an athlete herself as a young girl but had to stop after she had her first baby. Maxime’s early entry into the adult world gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would get rid of poverty. Therefore, one of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly-Ann was taking her to the track and she was ready to sacrifice everything.
When talking about her achievements and legacy, this incredible woman responded that her secret is just staying humble and just knowing who you are as a person and athlete and just continuing to work had. “I don’ pay much attention to where I fall in history. When I decide to leave the sport, I want to leave it better than I saw it. I want to make sure that other young athletes can see that you need to work hard, you need to stay humble, you need to stay focused, and the sky is the limit,” Shelly-Ann said.
63．When Stephen Francis first met Shelly-Ann at the track meet, ________.
A．he had already heard of her B．he saw great potential in her
C．she had beaten the famous sprinter D．she was admired by her schoolmates
64．Maxime decided to take Shelly-Ann to the track because Maxime ________.
A．was interested in sprinting herself B．was a successful athlete previously
C．wanted her children out of poverty D．wanted her daughter to be a world champion
65．From the last paragraph, we can learn that Shelly-Ann ________.
A．is satisfied with her achievements in sprinting
B．hopes to set a good example for younger athletes
C．decides to retire after she reaches her full potential
D．determines to make sprinting the most popular sport in Jamaica
66．Which of the following words can best describe Shelly-Ann?
A．Warmhearted and generous. B．Sympathetic and patient.
C．Creative and friendly. D．Ambitious and determined.
【答案】
63．B 64．C 65．B 66．D
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了关于牙买加著名女飞人Shelly-Ann的故事，介绍了其贫困的出身（母亲Maxime甚至因为想让她脱离贫困而打算带她去卧轨自杀)，从不被人看好到成为奥运冠军，再到最后成为世界上跑的最快的女性．激励我们要想成功必须要经过艰苦的努力。
63．细节理解题。由第二段中的“Stephen Francis observed then eighteen-year-old Shelly-Ann at a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginning of greatness.”（Stephen Francis在赛道会上观察到当时18岁的Shelly-Ann，并确信他已经看到了伟大的开始。），可知当Stephen Francis第一次在赛道上遇见Shelly-Ann时，他看到她有很大的潜力。故选B项。
64．细节理解题。由第三段中的“Maxime’s early entry into the adult world gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would get rid of poverty. Therefore, one of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly-Ann was taking her to the track and she was ready to sacrifice everything.”（Maxime很早进入成人世界，这使她决心确保她的孩子摆脱贫困。因此，Maxime过去和Shelly-Ann做的第一件事就是带她走上赛道，她准备牺牲一切。），可知Maxime很早进入成人世界，她想让自己的孩子摆脱贫困，她决定带Shelly-Ann去田径赛也是为了希望她的孩子们摆脱贫困。故选C项。
65．推理判断题。由最后一段中的““I don’ pay much attention to where I fall in history. When I decide to leave the sport, I want to leave it better than I saw it. I want to make sure that other young athletes can see that you need to work hard, you need to stay humble, you need to stay focused, and the sky is the limit,” Shelly-Ann said.”（“我不太关注我在历史上的落脚点，当我决定离开这项运动时，我想它留下的东西比我看到的要好。我想确保其他年轻运动员能看到你需要努力工作，你需要保持谦虚，你需要保持专注，天空是极限，”Shelly-Ann说。），可知Shelly-Ann希望她留下的东西比自己看到的要好，希望年轻人从她这得到的是努力工作、保持谦虚、保持专注、天空是极限这些有意义的东西，可得出Shelly-Ann希望为年轻运动员树立榜样。故选B项。
66．推理判断题。由第三段中的“She has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance. Her journey to becoming the fastest woman on earth has been anything but smooth and effortless. She grew up in one of Jamaica’s toughest communities known as Waterhouse, where she lived in a one-room apartment, sleeping four in a bed with her mother and two brothers.”（她有一种并非偶然的坚强精神。她要成为世界上跑得最快的女人，这一过程绝非一帆风顺，毫不费力。她在牙买加最艰难的社区之一沃特豪斯长大，她住在一间公寓里，一张床睡了母亲、两个兄弟和自己四个人。），可知Shelly-Ann出身于最艰难的社区之一，条件艰苦，但她依旧想成为世界上跑得最快的女人，说明她很有志向（ambitious），她也有坚强精神来实现志向，说明她也有决心（determined）。故选D项。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
The Rise of Microchipping
On August 1, 2017, workers at Three Square Market, a company specializing in vending machines, lined up in the office cafeteria to be implanted with microchips. One after another, they held out a hand to a tattooist who pushed a rice-grain sized implant into the flesh between their thumb and forefinger. The group implant event, organized by company management, fitted into Three Square Market’s longer-term vision of a cashless payment system for their vending machines — workplace snacks purchased with a flick of the wrist. The televised “chipping party” was picked up by media outlets from Moscow to Sydney. ____67____ After the event, Three Square Market’s Google reviews page was flooded with one-star ratings.
For Jowan Österlund, whose company Biohax provided the service, microchip implants were not radical or even novel. He has lived with one for years and has implanted hundreds of other young, tech-savvy (技术大咖) Swedes. ____68____ They have used their implants to gain access to their co-working spaces, pay for gym membership, and even to ride the train. But are the people of the world ready for technology to start getting under their skin?
Microchip implants are essentially cylindrical (长圆形的) bar codes that, when scanned, transmit a unique signal through a layer of skin. ____69____ Today, Biohax is aiming to simplify identity and access in the digital world, offering a replacement to the seemingly endless collection of passwords, keys, tickets and cards that clutter our lives. Jowan’s friend Hannes Sjöblad has his own microchip-focused business. He believes that by placing a device under the skin, instead of wearing it like a Fitbit, data collection will be greatly improved.
But Urs Gasser at Harvard University believes that extending beyond the Swedish tech-hub environment to a broader market will be legally and morally difficult. In his view, Three Square Market’s chipping event actually symbolizes the imbalances of power in the workplace. Are you a person being paid for your work, or are you the property of the company you work for?
Ifeoma Ajunwa at Cornell University adds that it is crucial to consider the implications of this technology in the context of increasing worker surveillance (管制). ____70____ This seems to blur the line between work and family life,” she said.
A．Microchips will deepen this dynamic, as they “literally go with the worker whenever they go”.
B．Chipping, thereby, has swept across the globe with its magnetic appeal.
C．Not all of the attention was positive, however.
D．Mostly, they have been used to organize warehouses or identify lost pets.
E．Conquered by the “almighty” microchips, workers may no longer be their own masters.
F．For this community, the chip signifies an all-in-one combination of biology and technology.
【答案】
67．C 68．F 69．D 70．A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了微芯片的兴起标志着生物学和技术的一体化的结合，对于人们未来的生活影响深远。
67．根据上文“The televised “chipping party” was picked up by media outlets from Moscow to Sydney. (从莫斯科到悉尼，各大媒体都报道了这场“芯片派对”)”可知，媒体对这场芯片派对进行了报道。根据下文“ After the event, Three Square Market’s Google reviews page was flooded with one-star ratings. (活动结束后，Three Square Market的谷歌评论页面充斥着一星评级)”可知，这场活动的效果不好。由此可知，C. Not all of the attention was positive, however.(然而，并非所有的关注都是正面的)承上启下，符合语境。故选C。
68．根据上文“He has lived with one for years and has implanted hundreds of other young, tech-savvy (技术大咖) Swedes.(他植入一个芯片多年了，数百名年轻的、精通科技的瑞典人也植入了芯片)”和下文“They have used their implants to gain access to their co-working spaces, pay for gym membership, and even to ride the train. (他们用植入物来获得共享办公空间，支付健身房会员费，甚至坐火车)”可知，Jowan Österlund对于芯片植入很有经验，这里谈的是对于植入芯片的人群来说，把生物学和科技联系在了一起。由此可知，F. For this community, the chip signifies an all-in-one combination of biology and technology.(对这个社区来说，芯片意味着生物和技术的一体化)承上启下，符合语境，选项中this community承接上文，an all-in-one combination of biology and technology引起下文。故选F。
69．根据上文“Microchip implants are essentially cylindrical (长圆形的) bar codes that, when scanned, transmit a unique signal through a layer of skin. (芯片植入物本质上是圆柱形条形码，当扫描时，通过一层皮肤传输独特的信号)”和下文“Today, Biohax is aiming to simplify identity and access in the digital world, offering a replacement to the seemingly endless collection of passwords, keys, tickets and cards that clutter our lives. (今天，Biohax的目标是简化数字世界的身份和访问，提供一种替代似乎无穷无尽的密码、钥匙、票和卡的收集，使我们的生活凌乱不堪)”可知，这里谈的是微芯片的用途。由此可知，D. Mostly, they have been used to organize warehouses or identify lost pets.(大多数情况下，它们被用来管理仓库或识别丢失的宠物)也是讲微芯片的用途，符合本段语境。故选D。
70．根据上文“Ifeoma Ajunwa at Cornell University adds that it is crucial to consider the implications of this technology in the context of increasing worker surveillance(管制).(康奈尔大学(Cornell University)的Ifeoma Ajunwa补充说，在加强工人监控的背景下考虑这项技术的影响至关重要) ”可知，下文谈的应该是这项技术对管理工人的意义。由此可知，A. Microchips will deepen this dynamic, as they “literally go with the worker whenever they go”.(微芯片将深化这种动态，因为它们“实际上是随员工走的”)符合语境，其中出现的worker属于原词复现。故选A。
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
A New Wave of Migration
As the sea extends steadily inland in countries such as Bangladesh and as decreasing rains put already marginal farmland out of play in Ethiopia and other places, a wave of migration caused by the changing climate is taking shape on the horizon.
But most “climate migrants” will not be heading abroad to start new lives; instead they will settle elsewhere in their home countries. A report released this week declares that if nothing is done to control global warming and factor migration into development planning, by mid-century this internal population shift could involve more than 140 million people in three regions examined: sub-Saharan Africa, south Asia and Latin America. “Climate change is already a driver of internal migration, and it will become more so in the future,” says John Roome, senior director of Climate change at The World Bank Group.
The potential for such an increase in area consisting of 55 percent of the developing world’s population raises questions of environmental justice because those who have contributed the least to global warming are forced to shoulder more of the burden. It is necessary for developed countries like the U.S. to step up, says Maria Cristina Garcia, a professor of American Studies at Cornell University. Developed countries can help by both working to limit greenhouse gas emissions and funding efforts to help developing nations plan for climate migration challenges.
The study of climate migration is still relatively new, and projections of just how many people might be driven from their homes as the world warms are hard to pin down. Some people will need to migrate despite any measures that might be taken —but “this doesn’t have to be a crisis” Roome says. Properly managed migration could even bring more economic opportunities to some poor communities. But planning needs to start now.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】As the sea extends steadily inland, a wave of migration caused by the changing climate appear. Most “climate migrants” will settle elsewhere in their home countries. It’s unfair for the countries who have contributed the least to global warming to shoulder more of the burden. Though the climate migration is still relatively new, planning needs to start now.
【解析】
本文是说明文。文章主要讲述随着气候变暖，沿海地区人民要面临向内陆移民的问题。
【详解】
1.要点摘录
①As the sea extends steadily inland in countries such as Bangladesh and as decreasing rains put already marginal farmland out of play in Ethiopia and other places, a wave of migration caused by the changing climate is taking shape on the horizon.
②But most “climate migrants” will not be heading abroad to start new lives; instead they will settle elsewhere in their home countries.
③The potential for such an increase in area consisting of 55 percent of the developing world’s population raises questions of environmental justice because those who have contributed the least to global warming are forced to shoulder more of the burden.
④The study of climate migration is still relatively new, and projections of just how many people might be driven from their homes as the world warms are hard to pin down.
⑤But planning needs to start now.
2.缜密构思
将1、2、3三个要点进行重组，将4、5两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
As the sea extends steadily inland, a wave of migration caused by the changing climate appear.
Most “climate migrants” will settle elsewhere in their home countries.
It’s unfair for the countries who have contributed the least to global warming to shoulder more of the burden.
Though the climate migration is still relatively new, planning needs to start now.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】As the sea extends steadily inland in countries such as Bangladesh and as decreasing rains put already marginal farmland out of play in Ethiopia and other places, a wave of migration caused by the changing climate is taking shape on the horizon.（运用一个复杂的主从复合句对移民现象做了一个背景介绍。其中as引导的时间状语从句表达高级）
【高分句型2】The potential for such an increase in area consisting of 55 percent of the developing world’s population raises questions of environmental justice because those who have contributed the least to global warming are forced to shoulder more of the burden.（用because引导的原因状语从句和who引导的定语从句描述了对“气候移民”这一后果的承担不公平，表达高级）
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72．相比吃荤的人来说，素食主义者（vegetarian）患癌症的风险更小。（compare）（汉译英）
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Compared with meat-eaters, vegetarians have a low risk of developing cancer/suffering from cancer.
【解析】
考查非谓语动词，名词、动词短语和时态。陈述客观存在，谓语动词应一般现在时态；“相比……来说”涉及动词短语compare...with，此处compare与逻辑主语“素食主义者（vegetarian）”为动宾关系，应用过去分词形式compared with，作状语；“吃荤的人”表达为名词meat-eaters；“有……风险小”表达为动词短语have a low risk of，作谓语动词；“患癌症”表达为动词短语develop cancer或suffer from cancer，在介词后面应用动名词的形式，developing cancer /suffering from cancer，作介词of的宾语。结合其他中文提示，故翻译为：Compared with meat-eaters, vegetarians have a low risk of developing cancer/suffering from cancer.
73．由于受全球疫情的影响，消费者收到国际包裹的时长是原先的两倍.（double）（汉译英）
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Due to/Because of the impact/influence of the global pandemic, it takes consumers double the (length of) time to receive international parcels/ packages.
【解析】
考查介词短语、名词和固定句型。“由于”表达为介词短语due to或because of，后接名词短语“全球疫情的影响”，表达为名词短语the impact/influence of the global pandemic，作介词的宾语；“某人做某事花费……时间”为固定句型it takes sb+一段时间+to do sth；陈述客观存在用一般现在时态；“收到国际包裹”表达为动词短语receive international parcels/ packages；此处是动词不定式作真正的主语，it为形式主语；“原先的时长的两倍”表达为短语double the (length of) time；“消费者”表达为名词consumers。结合其他中文提示，故翻译为：Due to/Because of the impact/influence of the global pandemic, it takes consumers double the (length of) time to receive international parcels/ packages.
74．除非采取有利措施来减缓气候变化的速度，否则这些濒危动物将很快灭绝。（extinct）（汉译英）
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Unless strong/forceful measures are taken to slow (the pace of) climate change, these endangered animals/these animals on the verge of extinction will soon be/become extinct.
【解析】
考查状语从句、时态、语态、动词短语、名词短语和介词短语。陈述未来的动作，用一般将来时态；“除非”表达为从属连词unless，引导状语从句，用一般现在表将来；“采取有利措施”表达为动词短语take strong/forceful measures，此处用被动语态，strong/forceful measures作主语；“减缓气候变化的速度”表达为slow (the pace of) climate change，此处以动词不定式的形式，作目的状语；“濒危动物”表达为名词短语these endangered animals，或these animals on the verge of extinction，作主语主语，“将”表一般将来时，表达为will；“灭绝”表达为be/become extinct。结合其他中文提示，故翻译为：Unless strong/forceful measures are taken to slow (the pace of) climate change, these endangered animals/these animals on the verge of extinction will soon be/become extinct.
75． 越来越多的大学生面临着这样一个事实：疫情期间找一份合适的工作实属不易。(fact that) （汉译英）
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
More and more college students are faced with the fact that it is very hard to find a suitable job during the epidemic.
【解析】
考查名词、主谓一致、固定句式、同位语从句、it的用法和非谓语动词。句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，表示“越来越多的大学生”，可用more and more college students；表示“面临”可用短语be faced with。主语为复数，be动词应用are，即are faced with；表示“事实”可用the fact，名词前加上定冠词the表示特指，作介词with的宾语。the fact后接that引导的同位语从句，对fact进行解释说明。从句中，可以使用it作形式主语，be动词使用is，表语“属实不易”可用very hard来表示。表示“找一份合适的工作”可用find a suitable job。使用不定式形式作真正的主语。表示“疫情期间”可用during the epidemic，介词短语作状语，即： it is very hard to find a suitable job during the epidemic。故翻译为More and more college students are faced with the fact that it is very hard to find a suitable job during the epidemic.
VI. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
近期，你就影响选择大学也的考虑因素在高三学生中做了调研，结果如图所示，请结合图表信息写一份调研报告，须包括以下内容：
1. 图表产生的背景和基本内容：
2. 就你个人而言，你会考虑哪些因素？请列出其中你认为相对重要的两项因素，并说明理由。

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】One possible version:
With the college entrance examination approaching, some senior middle school graduates have different opinions on how to choose their majors and universities. So we did a research on the problem among 500 students in Grade Three.
According to the research, about 175 students insist that the choice should be based on their own interest. They say interest is the way leading to success.They think it a miserable thing to be obliged to study what they have no interest in. However, 150 students think that whether the college is famous is the most important. Only in a famous college will they be able to have a good job in the future. About 90 of the students, however, consider it is the amount of the fee that matters a lot, for, they say, they will not add too much abandon to their parents. Interestingly, 70 students think it is important whether to go to the school is convenient.They say that they will stay the school for about 4 years, so the location of the school is important.
In my opinion, interest is the most important of all.Without interest you can't study the subject very well and may have more difficult with your career. Besides, the advice offered by their parents or teachers is worth considering because they have more social experience than us. So we should attach importance to their advice.
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇图表作文，要求考生就影响大学选择的因素写一篇调查报告。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
著名的：famous →well-known
重要的：important →vital
在某人看来：in one’s opinion →in one’s view
除此之外：besides → in addition
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：With the college entrance examination approaching, some senior middle school graduates have different opinions on how to choose their majors and universities.
拓展句：As the college entrance examination is approaching, some senior middle school graduates have different opinions on how to choose their majors and universities.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】According to the research, about 175 students insist that the choice should be based on their own interest.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】They think it a miserable thing to be obliged to study what they have no interest in.（运用了what引导的宾语从句）