2022届高考英语语法专题5：状语从句学案
展开高中英语语法专题5：状语从句
一．概述
连词（conjunction）用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子，在句子中不单独用作句子成分。连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词。用来引导状语从句（adverbial clause）的关系词通常为从属连词。
二．并列连词及其用法归纳
1. and; as well as; both…and…
2. but; yet; not…but…
3. or; either…or…
4. neither…nor…
5. not only…but also
6. so; for
7. while
三．从属连词在状语从句中的用法归纳：
从句类型 | 常用引导词（从属连词） | 含义 |
时间状语从句 | when | 当…时候 |
while | 当…时候（后接延续性动作） | |
as | 当…时候 | |
whenever | 每当，不论何时 | |
the first/last time | 第一次；最后一次 | |
every/next time | 每次；下次 | |
before | 在…之前 | |
after | 在…之后 | |
since | 自从 | |
until \ till | 直到（常用于not…until结构） | |
as soon as | 一…就… | |
once | 一旦，一…就… | |
hardly…when \ before | 一…就…，还没来得及…就… | |
no sooner…than | 一…就…，还没来得及…就… | |
条件状语从句 | if | 如果 |
unless | 除非 | |
as long as | 只要 | |
in case | 万一 | |
目的状语从句 | in order that | 为了 |
so that | 以便 | |
in case | 以防 | |
for fear that | 唯恐，以防 | |
结果状语从句 | so that | 所以，因此 |
so…that | 如此…以至于…（so后加形容词） | |
such…that | 如此…以至于…（such后加名词） | |
原因状语从句 | because | 因为（不可用来引导表语从句） |
as | 因为 | |
since | 因为 | |
now that | 既然，因为 | |
considering that | 考虑到，因为 | |
让步状语从句 | although | 虽然，尽管（用于句首） |
though | 虽然，尽管（句首、句中、句末） | |
as | 虽然，尽管（只能用于形式倒装） | |
even though \ if | 即使 | |
however \ no matter how | 不论怎样、不论如何 | |
whatever \ no matter what | 不论什么 | |
whoever \ no matter who | 不论谁 | |
whenever \ no matter when | 不论什么时候 | |
wherever \ no matter where | 不论什么地方 | |
方式状语从句 | as | 正如、正像、按照 |
as though \ if | 好像，仿佛 | |
地点状语从句 | where | …的地方，哪里 |
anywhere | 任何地方 | |
everywhere | 一切地方 | |
比较状语从句 | than | 比 |
as…as | …和…一样… |
四．易混淆的几组从属连词
1. when和while
2. until和unless
3. as soon as和as long as
4. so…that…和such…that…
5. although, though和as
6. as if/though和even if/though
7. hardly…when/before和no sooner…than…
8. since一词多义
9. as一词多义
五．在横线处填入恰当的连词（并列连词或从属连词）：
1. He smiled politely ______ Mary apologized for knocking his cup over.
2. Mr. Black didn’t attend the meeting ______ he had a cold yesterday.
3. I don't believe we've met before, ______ I must say you do look familiar.
4. Usually we don’t know how important something is _______ we lose it.
5. It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties ______ it gets more financial support from the European Union.
6. At school, some students are active ______ some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another.
7. Hot _______the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
8. We didn’t have dinner _______ my father came back home from work.
9. I have a tight budget for the trip, so I'm not going to fly _______ the airlines lower ticket prices.
10. Read this article, _______ you will understand that not everything can be bought with money.
11. Find ways to praise your children often, _______ you’ll find they will open their hearts to you.
12. Bring the flowers into a warm room ________ they'll be frozen to death.
13. The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, ______ accompanied by an adult.
14. The left-behind kids can’t see their parents _______ the parents come back home from work.
15. The little boy won’t go to sleep __________ his mother tells him a story.
16. Tom was about to close the windows_____ his attention was caught by a bird.
17. The girl had hardly rung the bell ______ the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.
18. I thought we’d be late for the concert, ________ we ended up getting there ahead of time.
19. _______ we are not in the same school, we are still good friends.
20. He got up so late _____ he missed the school bus this morning.
21. You’ll be permitted to bring a watch so that you may keep track of the time ______ you are taking the test.
22. The twin sisters have learned a lot of Chinese traditional culture ______ they came to China in 2008.
23. What defeated me isn’t my enemies ______ myself.
24. The train had just started ______ John and his friend arrived at the station.
25. He didn’t go out for games ______ he finished his homework.
26. No sooner had I began to knock at the door _____ it suddenly opened.
参考解析
二．几组常考的并列连词
- and在高考中的重要考点有两个：一是表前后并列；二是前后顺承。重点讲一下顺承关系的用法。固定句型：祈使句+and\or+带有将来时态的句子。比如：
Get up quickly and you will get to school on time.
Get up quickly or will be late for school.
- but的考察也是两个方向：前后转折关系；not...but...不是...而是...。重点说一下第二种。比如：
What made me so angry not your absence but your bad attitude.
- or的考查侧重主谓一致。如either...or的就近原则。与此类似符合就近原则的还有：not...but.... neither...nor... not only...but also... 比如：
Either you or one of your students is going to attend the meeting.
四．易混淆的几组从属连词
1. I was sleeping when you called me last night.
Do not call me while I am sleeping.
- Tom didn’t have dinner until his parents came back home.
Tom won’t sleep unless his parents tell him a story.
- I will give you a call as soon as I arrive at the destination.
You will achieve your goal as long as you work hard.
- The task is so difficult that all people failed.
It is such a difficult task that all people failed.
- Although we are small kids, we know as much as adults.
Small kid as we are, we know as much as adults.
五．练习题
1.when\as 2.because\since 3.but 4.until 5.unless
6.while 7.as 8.until 9.unless 10.and 11.and
12.and 13.unless 14.until 15.unless 16.when
17.when\before 18.but 19.Although\Though 20.that
21.while 22.since 23.but 24.when 25.until 26.than
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