2022届高考英语语法专题4：名词性从句学案

高中英语语法专题4：名词性从句（主从、宾从、表从、同从）

一．概述

名词性从句包括四种：主语从句（subject clause），宾语从句（object clause），表语从句（predicative clause）、同位语从句（appositive clause）。

二．如何辨别四种名词性从句的类型

参考“高中英语语法教学1 五. 主从复合句”

句子的进阶之旅之：主从复合句

1. 主从复合句的定义

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2. 主从复合句的类型

What you said just now is totally wrong.

That he got married with a much younger girl surprised all people.

The news is that an earthquake happened last night in Japan.

Do you know who is going to give us a lesson?

The news which is being discussed is that an earthquake happened last night in Tangshan.

Do you like the girl who wears a red hat?

I think that he will be all right in a few days.

He told us that he didn’t pass the final exam.

The fact that he was killed in war is known to all.

I was doing my homework when you called me.

He didn’t get to school on time because he was caught in the heavy traffic.

思考：（1）从以上例句你能总结出英语中有哪几种从句吗？

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（2）要想准确分辨出从句的不同类型，你找到窍门了吗？不同类型的从句之间到底有什么本质的差异呢？

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我们再来观察下面的几个句子，找找他们的共同点和不同点：

That the girl married an 80-year-old man made us surprised.

We heard that the girl married an 80-year-old man.

The surprising news is that the girl married an 80-year old man.

The news that the girl married an 80-year-old man made us surprised.

思考：（1）标下划线的四个句子分别是什么从句？他们的共同之处和不同之处是什么？

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（2）通过这些例句，我们可以总结出区分四种名词性从句（主从、宾从、表从、同从）的根本方法是什么？

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有些学生在学习了定语从句和同位语从句之后，往往在两者之间弄混淆。毕竟定从和同从位置相似，也大都是放在一个名词的后面。那该如何彻底地区分开这两种从句呢？我们来观察下面的两个句子：

The news that the girl married an 80-year-old man made us surprised.

The news that has been posted on the newspaper made us surprised.

思考：你发现这两个标下划线的从句有什么不一样了吗？

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举一反三，辨析下面的几个从句属于定语从句还是同位语从句：

The suggestion that my teacher gave to me was that I should study harder.

The suggestion that I should study harder was given to me by my teacher.

My mother holds an opinion that senior three students should pay more attention to their schoolwork.

I don’t agree to your opinion that you told me yesterday.

思考：这四个从句的引导词都是that，每一个that在从句中的作用有何不同？

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三．常考的几个引导词的用法解析

1. That

That he didn’t pass the driving test surprised all of us.

We all believe that working hard will lead us to success.

The surprising news is that he got his driving licence by cheating.

The news that he got his driving licence by cheating spread quickly in the office.

思考：（1）that在上面四个从句中的作用是什么？与定语从句中的that区别在哪里？

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（2）在横线处填入恰当的引导词：

①_______the boy failed the final exam made his parents quite angry.

②_______she got married with a man who is 30 years older than her is a piece of surprising news.

③I know _____ you are a good man.

④The fact is _____ the little boy failed the text again.

⑤All of us have heard the surprising news ______ a terrible flood destroyed several villages.

⑥It is important ______ you should pay more attention to your study.

⑦It is reported ______ an earthquake happened in Japan and killed hundreds of people.

2. Whether

Whether they will hold the party depends on the weather.

I want to know whether he will attend my birthday party or not.

The most uncertain thing is whether he will attend my birthday party.

思考：（1）whether在上面三个从句中的作用是什么？用that来替换whether可以吗？为什么？

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（2）if有两个意思，一个是“如果”，用来引导条件状语从句，我们在下一章会学到；另个是“是否”，用来引导名词性从句。if这个引导词用来引导名词性从句时和whether的用法极为类似，那他们两个到底区别在哪里呢？

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（3）在横线处填入恰当的引导词：

①_______Mr. Black will buy this car is not clear. The price is a big problem.

②It depends on the weather ______ they will hold the party tomorrow at school.

③I want to know _____ they will hold the party tomorrow at school.

④What I want to know is ______ they will hold the party tomorrow at school.

3. Who

Who will be sent to work abroad by the boss hasn’t been decided.

We all are wondering who will be sent to work abroad. Will Lucy get the chance?

What we want to know is who will be sent to work abroad.

思考：（1）who在上面三个从句中作用是什么？能用that来代替吗？

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（2）在横线处填入恰当的引导词：

①I am wondering _______ will be the lucky dog to get the scholarship.

②_______ has stolen Lucy’s money will be found out soon with the help of CCTV.

③What we are thinking about is ______ should be blamed for the accident.

4. What

What you said just now is totally wrong. You cannot judge a person just from his appearance.

Can you tell me what you are going to do tomorrow morning?

The most important thing is what you can do if you stay here.

思考：（1）what在上面三个从句中的作用是什么？跟who有什么相同或不同之处？

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（2）在横线处填入恰当的引导词：

①________ you did just now made me quite angry. You owe me an apology.

②Children can learn violent behaviors form _______ they see on the internet.

③The most difficult thing is _______ we should do first.

四．名词性从句（主从、宾从、表从、同从）关系词归纳：

参考解析

二．解析见《高中英语语法专题一》

三．1.that在名词性从句中不充当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义。而定语从句中的that要指代人或者物，充当主语或者宾语，两者的区别非常的明显。练习题都填that

2.   whether在名词性从句中不充当任何句子成分，但是有含义“是否”，常与or not连用。that不可以替换whether，两者虽然都不做成分，但是whether有“是否”这个含义。if作为“是否”这个含义的时候，与whether大部分情况下是通用的，但在高考中有两个情况需要注意：if不可以用在句首；不可以与or not连用。练习题：whether; whether\if; whether\if; whether\if
3.   who在名词性从句中一般充当的是主语，含义为“谁”，表示的是人。练习题都填who
4.   what在名词性从句中一般充当的是主语或宾语，含义为“什么”，表示的是物或者事儿。练习题都填what

高考中对名词性从句的考察不如定语从句更多，涉及到的重点的引导词也以上面重点讲到的这几个相关。其他引导词的用法参考表格中所作的总结。