2022届高考英语语法复习 名词性从句之宾语从句学案

宾语从句

 知识讲解

1． 概念：
宾语从句是一种非常常见但又非常复杂的从句，它涉及到多方面的知识点，如时态，语序，连接词等，因而一直是英语学习的一个难点．置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句．在动词后面的叫动词的宾语从句．
The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets．
2．动词的宾语从句中引导词的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：
连词：that （that 常可省略），whether， if
代词：who， whose， what ，which
副词：when ，where， how， why 等．
He told me that he would go to the college the next year他告诉我他下一年上大学．
Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam．没人知道他是否会通过考试．
3．特点
1）大多数及物动词，部分"动词+副词"结构，动词短语（如 make sure、keep in mind等）后面可以跟宾语从句．
He told me that he would go to the college the next year他告诉我他下一年上大学．
I don't know if there will be a bus any more．我不知道是否还会有公交车．
Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam．没人知道他是否会通过考试．
2）形式宾语it可以用来代替宾语从句，主要由三种情况：
①动词find，feel，consider，make，believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置．
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day．我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的．
I have made it a rule that I keep diaries． 我每天写日记成了习惯．
We all find it important that we （should） make a quick decision about this mater． 我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要．
②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it这类动词主要有：hate， take ， owe， have， see to．
He will have it that our plan is really practical．他会认为我们的计划确实可行．
We take it that you will agree with us．我们认为你会同意我们的．
When you start the engine， you must see to it that car is in neutral．开启发动机时， 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置．
③若宾语从句是wh﹣类，则不可用it代替
We all consider what you said to be unbelievable．我们都认为你所说的是不可信的．
We discovered what we had learned to be valuable．我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的．

介词的宾语从句
1． 概念：
置于介词后面起宾语作用的从句叫介词的宾语从句．宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序．
2． 结构：
介词+从句
Pay attention to what you are doing． 注意你做的事．
It all depends on how you handle it． 这都取决于你如何处理．
3． 用法：
介词后接从句作宾语时，注意以下用法：
1）接连接代词引导的宾语从句．如：
I was rather angry at what he said． 我对他说的话相当生气．
We had a difference of opinion over who had won． 我们在究竟是谁获胜的问题上发生了争执．
2）接连接副词引导的宾语从句．如：
It all depends on how you handle it． 这都取决于你如何处理．
There's a limit to how much I'm prepared to spend． 我准备花多少钱是有限度的．
The accident happened right next to where we were standing． 事故就发生在我们所站位置的旁边．
3）接连词whether引导的宾语从句，但不能接if引导的宾语．如：
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings． 我为是否伤了她的感情而忧虑．
It depends on whether the letter arrives in time． 这取决于信是否来得及时．
4）接连词that引导的宾语从句，只限于but， except等个别介词．如：
This dress will do except that its price is a little too high． 这连衣裙还行，只是价格贵了一点．
She remembered nothing except that his hair was black． 她什么都不记得， 只记得他的头发是黑的．
有人把习语in that（因为，由于）的用法也可归入此类．如：
I'm lucky in that I've got four sisters． 我很幸运，因为我有四个姐妹．

形容词的宾语从句
1． 概念：
有些形容词之后的从句起宾语作用，也叫宾语从句
2． 结构和用法：
"be+形容词"表达的意思，对that从句具有"相信、推测、怀疑、判断、盼望、认识到"等关系，那么，把that 从句视为宾语从句最好．你的句子就是这个类型，这类形容词有：sure， certain， confident，afraid， anxious，eager，aware，等等．例如：
I'm afraid that he isn't back yet． 恐怕他还没回来．
We're sure that they will stand behind us． 我们肯定他们会支持我们．
I'm anxious that he should be well cared for． 我盼望他能受到很好的照顾．
The head is eager that all the workers should come in time． 队长急着要所有工人都按时来．
She is well aware that this is a tough job． 她深知这是一件棘手的工作．
这些例句的that从句跟形容词含有动宾关系．"be+形容词"可以转换为一个及物动词．
例如：
I'm afraid （＝fear） that he isn't back yet． 恐怕他还没回来．
We're sure （＝believe） that they will stand behind us． 我们肯定他们会支持我们．
 

宾语从句综合
1． 概念：
宾语从句，是名词性从句的一种．在主从复合句中充当宾语，位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句．宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句．
2． 结构：
关联词+简单句．
1）及物动词+宾语从句
 I know he has returned．我知道他已经回来了．
2）介词+宾语从句
 Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it．
 你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做．
3）形容词+宾语从句
Are you sure that his answer is right？
3． 用法：
引导词有：
连词：that （that 常可省略），whether， if
代词：who， whose， what ，which
副词：when ，where， how， why 等．
 1）从属连词that．如：
     He told us that he felt ill．他对我们说他感到不舒服．
        注： that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略．在以下情况下，that不能省略．
①Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened．（and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略．）
        大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕．
②I know nothing about him except that he is from the south．（that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略．）
       对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人．
③We decided，in view of his special circumstances，that we would admit him for a probationary period．（主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插
入语，that不可省略．）
       鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期．
2）连词if 、whether，它们起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作"是否"解，在口语中多用if．
eg． Tom don't know if/whether his grandpa liked the present．
   He asked me whether or not I was coming．
一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether：
①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn't been decided．
②在介词前：It depends on（依靠） whether it is going to rain．
③与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not．
3、  连接代词who， whom， whose， what， which，连接副词when， where， why， how， 它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意义．
eg． The teacher asked the new students which class he was in．
   I wonder where he got so much money．

 即学即练

1.

Fans all the country are talking about _________this football team has never won any match and_________________to do with it．（　　）

2.

It is generally considered unwise to give children ________ they wants．（　　）

3.

Far from perfect though this trip is， I think it's well worth____ we paid．（　　）

4.

Her first job was selling ice cream in Chinatown， close to _____ she and her family lived．（　　）

5.

As seniors in the school， we should fully realize that to have faith is to believe that the potential we possess is much more than ____we can see．（　　）

6.

Lucy said，"Do you often come here to read magazines？"

◊Lucy asked me ______ often _______to read magazines．（　　）

7.

The Chinese government made it clear______it refuses to accept and participate in the proceedings of that so-called arbitration （仲裁） on the South China Sea．（　　）

8.

Could you tell me how long ______ the navy？（　　）

9.

The shy man knows ____to deal with men but when he meets women， he doesn't know ____to do．（　　）

10.

It is reported that the robot can finish _______ it is told to do．（　　）

1. 我不知道是否还会有公交车。

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2. 我没去聚会，感觉非常遗憾。

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3. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。

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4. 我常想起我见到你的地方

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5. 我对他什么时候干了此事感兴趣。

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6. 人高于动物是因为人能用语言表达思想。

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7. 我会确保他按时来。（用形式宾语it）

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8. 我只知道那天早晨他很早就离开了家，其余的我就不清楚了。

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9. 他们有信心能克服困难。

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10. 老师告知我们地球绕着太阳转。

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【答案】

选择 ACBCA                DCCCD

翻译

1. I don't know if there will be a bus any more．

2. I feel it a pity that I haven't been to the get﹣together．
3. I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.．

4. I often think about where I met you．
5. I'm interested in when he did it．
6. Man is superior to the animals in that he uses language to convey his thoughts．

7. I will see to it that he comes on time.
8. I know nothing except that he left home early that morning．
9.They were confident that they would overcome the difficulties．

10. The teacher told us （that） the earth moves around the sun．