高考英语语法复习 名词性从句之主语从句学案

主语从句

1．that引导的主语从句
1． 概念：
在句子中担当主语的是一个从句，这个从句就叫做主语从句．
that 引导主语从句，只起连词的作用，在从句中不起语法功能，即不作任何成分，也不含有任何意义，引导主语从句不可省略，故称："三不"．
2．用法：
1）that在句中不做成分．当主语从句位于句首时，不能省略：
That he likes books of this kind is very interesting．＝ It's very interesting （that）he likes books of this kind．
这是用的最多的一种主语从句，但把这种主语从句放在句首是很少的，只是为了强调或谓语较长时才这样安排．例如：
That prices will go up is certain．
That she is still alive is a consolation．
2）当谓语动词是seem，appear，be a pity．be a wonder，be likely等时，使用形式主语It，而将真正的主语放在句尾，这时从属连词that可省略：It appeared to scientists on earth （that） the stars had moved．
还有一些例如：绝大部分主语从句都借助先行主语放到句子后部去．
a．It +be + 形容词+that从句：
It is natural that they should have different views．
It was quite obvious that she didn't want to come．
b．It +be + 名词 +that 从句：
It's a shame that you're sick．
It's a pity that he can't swim．
c．It + 动词（+ 宾语或状语）+ that 从句：
It happened that she wasn't in that day．
It seems that you're right．
d．It + 动词的被动语态 + that 从句：
It's said that there has been an earthquake in India．
It's reported that the enemy troops have crossed the border．
 

 2．whether引导的主语从句  
1．概念
如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语，那么这个句子就是主语从句． whether引导主语从句，只起连词的作用，在从句中不起语法功能，即不作任何成分，作是否的意思．
2．特点
1）whether 既可以引导主语从句也可以引导宾语从句，但if一般不能引导主语从句；whether 后面可以加or not， 而if 一般不与or not 连用．Whether or not she'll come isn't clear．她是否来还不清楚．此处whether引导主语从句．
Whether he will go there has been decided．
Whether he will leave the city has not been known yet．
2）在使用形式主语It，而将真正的主语放在句尾，可以用whether
It's doubtful whether you are really to love the girl．
It was a question whether the girl should get married．

 3．wh-引导的主语从句
1． 概念：
在句子中担当主语的是一个从句，这个从句就叫做主语从句．
引导主语从句的wh﹣疑问词有：what， which， who/whom， whose， when， where和why．这些疑问词引导主语从句时，在从句中作主语．
2． 用法：
1）连词代词what， who， which， whose等引导的主语从句．这些连接代词作用相当于代词，在从句中担当主语、宾语、表语、定语等．
What we need is more time．  我们需要的是更多时间
Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear． 谁应该对这场事故负责还不清楚．
Whose book it is not important．   这是谁的书并不重要．
Which school you want to go matters much．  你想去哪所学校很重要
2）连接副词when， where， why， how引导的主语从句．这些连接副词相当于副词，在从句中充当状语．
Why he did this is not known．   他为什么做这件事还不知道．
When he will come is still unknown．  他什么时候来还不知道．
It is not known why he did this．   他为什么做这件事还不知道
注意：wh﹣引导的主语从句也常用it作形式主语．
5．也可用whatever，whoever，whomever，whenever，wherever等词引导主语从句，表示"无论什么"、"无论谁"、"无论何时"、"无论在（到）哪里"等．这些连接代词作用相当于代词，在从句中担当主语、宾语、表语、定语等．
Whatever he gave you should be handed in．  他无论给你什么都要上交
Whoever told you that was lying．  无论谁告诉你，那都是撒谎
Whoever comes is welcome．  无论谁来都是欢迎的
 

4．主语从句综合
【概念】
（1）主语从句：
主语从句是名词性从句的一种．作句子主语的从句叫主语从句．
（2）连接词：
①从属连词that，whether，if．
②连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever．
③连接副词how，when，where，why．
【用法】
（1）主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导．that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分．例如：
What he wants to tell us is not clear．
他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚．
It is known to us how he became a writer．
我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的．
（2）有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末．主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式．常用句型如下：
①It+be+名词+that从句
②It+be+形容词+that从句
③It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句
④It+不及物动词+that 从句．
【解题方法点拨】
1、what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语等，而that不做成分．例如：
What you said yesterday is right．
你昨天说的是对的．
That she is still alive is a wonder．
她仍然活着是个奇迹．
2、whatever/whoever可以引导主语从句，并在句中作主语、宾语、表语等，不含疑问意义．whatever相当于anything that，whoever 相当于anyone who．例如：
Whoever （Anyone who） wants to enter into this school must take the exam．
Whoever（No matter who）wants to enter into this school，he must take the exam．
任何人想进这所学校，都必须考试．
3、形式主语it构成的主语从句 和as引导的定语从句的区别．试比较：
It was reported that no country was under the terrorist attack last year．
据报道去年没有国家被恐怖分子袭击．
As was reported，no country was under the terrorist attack last year．
正如报道的，去年没有国家被恐怖分子袭击．
4、在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气"（should）+do"．
It is necessary （important，natural，strange，etc．） that …
It is a pity （a shame，no wonder，etc．） that…
It is suggested （requested，proposed，desired，etc．） that…
 

 即学即练

选择题

1.

________ Lucy found most difficult about learning Chinese was how to pronounce it right．（　　）

2.

It is still a mystery to scientists __________________ life first appeared on earth．（　　）

3. 

___________________ they will accept my idea or not remains a question．（　　）

4.

It is not important ________； but how you feel， how you think and what you do that are important．（　　）

5.

_____ obeys the laws in this country can live a happy life．（　　）

6.

________ is responsible for this will be punished．（　　）

7.

--- What made you so upset？

---_____ I have lost my camera．（　　）

8.

___________  is the center of our planetary system was considered as heresy by the church in the Middle Ages．（　　）

9.

_______ they can finish the work on time is still a problem．（　　）

10.

_______ makes me feel worried is _______ singing stars are centered on by masses of teenagers today．（　　）

翻译句子。

1. 你将来伦敦是好久以来我听到的最好消息。

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2. 我想知道的就是这一点。

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3. “我们为谁而学习”是个很重要的问题。

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4. 我们需要的是好的医生。

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5. 他告诉我他将在青岛度假。

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6. 你的所想所为会影响到你的生活。

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7. 她来不来都无关紧要。

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8. 是否你能说英语是取决于你的努力

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【答案】

选择题 BAADD      BBBBC

翻译

1. That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.

2. What I want to know is this.

3. Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.

4. What we need are good doctors. 

5. He said he would spend his holidays in Qingdao.

6. How you think and act will influence your life .

7. Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.

8. Whether you can speak English depends on your effort