2022届高考英语阅读理解套餐加强练之说明文

2022高考英语阅读理解套餐加强练之说明文

Hardware in general, and smartphones in particular, have become a huge environmental and health problem in the Global South’s landfill sites（垃圾填埋场）.

Electronic waste（e-waste）currently takes up 5 percent of all global waste, and it is set to increase rapidly as more of us own more than one smartphone, laptop and power bank. They end up in places like Agbogbloshie on the outskirts of Ghana’s capital, Accra. It is the biggest e-waste dump in the world, where 10, 000 informal workers walk through tons of abandoned goods as part of an informal recycling process. They risk their health searching for the precious metals that are found in abandoned smartphones.

But Agbogbloshie should not exist. The Basel Convention, a 1989 treaty, aims to prevent developed nations from unauthorized dumping of e-waste in less developed countries. The e-waste industry, however, circumvents the regulations by exporting e-waste labelled as “secondhand goods” to poor countries like Ghana, knowing full well that it is heading for a landfill site.

A recent report found Agbogbloshie contained some of the most dangerous chemicals. This is not surprising: Smartphones contain chemicals like mercury（水银），lead and even arsenic（砷）. Reportedly, one egg from a free-range chicken in Agbogbloshie contained a certain chemical which can cause cancer and damage the immune system at a level that’s about 220 times greater than a limit set by the European Food Safety Authority（EFSA）. Most worryingly, these poisonous chemicals are free to pollute the broader soil and water system. This should concern us all, since some of Ghana’s top exports are cocoa and nuts.

Some governments have started to take responsibility for their consumers’ waste. For example, Germany has started a project that includes a sustainable（可持续的）recycling system at Agbogbloshie, along with a health clinic for workers. However, governments cannot solve the problem alone, as there is an almost limitless consumer demand for hardware, especially when governments green policies are focused on issues like climate change.

Only the manufacturers can fix this. A more economically sustainable and politically possible solution is through encouraging hardware manufacturers to make the repair, reuse and recycling of hardware profitable, or at least cost-neutral.

1. What can we infer from Paragraph 2？

A. Electronic products need improving urgently.

B. Electronic waste is too complex to get fully recycled.

C. Electronic waste requires more landfill sites across Ghana.

D. Electronic pollution is a burning question in Agbogbloshie.

2. What does the underlined word “circumvents” in Paragraph 3 mean？

A. Tightens. B. Abolishes.

C. Gets around. D. Brings in.

3. What should be the biggest concern according to the text？

A. The violation of EFSA’s standards.

B. The lack of diversity in Ghana’s exports.

C. The damage to chicken’s immune system.

D. The threat of polluted food around the world.

4. What does the author think is the best solution to the e-waste problem？

A. Manufacturers’ developing a sustainable hardware economy.

B. Governments’ adjusting their green policies about e-waste.

C. Reducing customers’ demands for electronic products.

D. Letting governments take on the main responsibility.

I’m Jeff Logan, president of Logan Luxury Theaters Corporation. I’m very sorry to tell you many cinemas are at risk of closing permanently (永久). That’s something we would hate to see happen.

Watching the newest box office movie and eating a big bucket of popcorn is an experience that many of us have enjoyed for a very long time. We all have fond memories of going to a theater of our first dates or the first movie we saw with our children. A movie theater is so important to the fabric of the local community. It’s a place where we all gather, no matter what our interests, and no matter what ages, young and old, rich and poor.

But how much longer will classic theaters remain open? Just like other industries, movie theaters have been hit hard by the pandemic (流行病) and are going dark. The entire industry is being controlled by the pandemic, because the studios don’t want to release their new movies until all the theaters can be open. As we all know, the theaters can’t do well and can’t get back to full 7-day a week at full speed operation without new movies to play.

Recently, the Logan Luxury 5 Cinema in Mitchell reopened for the weekends. However, like many theaters, it is only operating at about 10 percent capacity. Since opening, several new safety measures have been put in place. Block off every other row. People are asked to leave three seats between them and the next group. Staff spray the theater with disinfectant (消毒剂) after every show. And sanitizer stations can be found throughout the theater.

Even so, some people still aren’t comfortable going to a movie theater yet. I fully understand that. Anyhow, I just hope we must do something else to help out our local theaters, like taking part in a new national proposal called “Save Your Cinema”.

1. What does the underlined word “fabric” in Paragraph 4 refer to?

A. Typical feature. B. Basic structure.      C. Public support.  D. Common vision.

2. Why are the film studios unwilling to release the new movies?

A. Cinemas don’t operate normally.

B. New movies aren’t welcomed.

C. People don’t like going to cinema.

D. Many cinemas go out of business.

3. What can we infer about the Logan Luxury 5 Cinema after its reopening?

A. It makes a lot of money.

B. It does well in disease prevention.

C. It receives a large audience every day.

D. It offers more enjoyable experience.

4. What is the purpose of this text?

A. To share the good old days.

B. To explain a social problem.

C. To recommend a theater.

D. To ask for people’s help.

Robots are often cast in popular science fiction as the bad characters that take over the world and enslave mankind. But with the beginning of some serious diseases, robots are increasingly being employed as helpers, taking on often dull, difficult and dangerous tasks and thus reducing humans’ exposure to some terrifying virus.

In the United States, two of the main ways in which robotic technology is being used in the hospitals are to disinfect(消毒)hospital rooms and act as a telemedicine portal, allowing doctors and health care workers to communicate via video conference directly with patients without unnecessarily exposing themselves to those highly infectious virus.

In Boston, doctors, researchers and robotics engineers have teamed up to bring a friendly, dog-like, four-legged robot named Spot into Brigham and Women’ s Hospital, allowing doctors to communicate with patients via telemedicine.

In March, at the start of the pandemic, a league from hospital, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Spot’s manufacturer—Boston Dynamnics, began testing the robot’s design to enable Spot to communicate with patients, thus reducing the exposure of frontline health care workers to the virus. In the place of a head, Spot has an iPad affixed to a stand, allowing doctors to conduct telemedicine services with their patients.

“Most people actually really like it,” says Dr. Peter Chai, an emergency medicine physician who serves as the hospital's chief researcher on the robot project.

Researchers are working to increase the robot's diagnostic abilities, enabling it to measure the patients temperature and his or her respiratory rate(呼吸率).

Chai predicts that hospitals will continue to find more ways to use robots, and he wonders whether robots can deliver supplies to rooms or see patients with other infectious diseases.

1. What words can best describe the jobs robots are employed to do?

A. Normal and easy. B. Exciting and dangerous.

C. Dirty and complex. D. Frightening and difficult.

2. Why are robots being used in American hospitals?

A. To save money. B. To replace doctors.

C. To protect doctors from infecting virus.    D. To deliver supplies to patients and doctors.

3. What do we know about Spot?

A. It is a friendly dog.

B. It can deliver supplies to hospital rooms.

C. It can help adjust the patient's temperature.

D. It allows doctors to conduct telemedicine services.

4. What can be the best title for the text?

A. Spot the Robot Dog.

B. Train Robot Doctors.

C. Robots Being Used in Hospital.

D. Robots in Popular Science Fiction.

The animal kingdom is full of beautiful and attractive creatures, and it is inviting to purchase exotic animals and call them pets. But undomesticated(未驯化的) pets may affect the health and safety of both the animals and the people who keep them.

The umbrella cockatoo, for instance, is a type of parrot, which can live up to seventy years. It is often purchased as an exotic pet. It requires a very large living place and a great deal of attention. When its specific needs are unmet, the bird commonly bites itself or becomes aggressive. Similarly, the ball python, one of the most popular pet snakes, requires special conditions to survive. Like the umbrella cockatoo, the snake’s long lifespan —up to forty years—presents serious practical challenges to any owner, no matter how devoted.

Exotic pet owners are most likely identified as animal lovers who purchased their animals in order to feel a deep connection to the natural world. However, the mere ownership of such an animal means it's probable that the person participated in the illegal trade. This trade—the capture and sale of wild animals—is often cruel to species. Countless animals suffer and die each year.

The problems continue when exotic pets are sold to non-professional owners. When they find they cannot care for them, owners take their exotic pets into the wild and abandon them, as proved by the case of Burmese pythons in Florida. This non-native species multiplied quickly seriously threatening the Florida ecosystem. Also, exotic pets pose a danger to their owners: some emerging infectious diseases, which thousands of people per year are stricken with, and especially occurred in children.

Wild animals are undoubtedly attracting, but they should be admired in their own natural environments. Penning animals as exotic pets harms their quality of life. Pet ownership of any kind is a serious responsibility, and that’s why animal lovers should choose domesticated animals that will boom under the care of humans.

1. What can we infer about exotic pets in Paragraph 2?

A. They can live longest in the animal kingdom.

B. They need professional care from the owner.

C. They require special training from their owner.

D. They can’t have a satisfying life under human care.

2Why are people absorbed in keeping exotic animals?

A. To get high income.

B. To build a bond with nature.

C. To help prevent illegal pet trades.

D. To make exotic pets’ life comfortable.

3. What can raising exotic pets at will result in?

A. Improving the native ecosystem.

B. Increasing the number of rare species.

C. Losing control of illegal wildlife trading.

D. Putting humans and exotic wildlife at risk.

4. What’s the main argument of the passage?

A. Wild animals are more dangerous than ordinary pets.

B. It's inappropriate to keep undomesticated exotic pets.

C. Exotic pets should be kept in better conditions.

D. Rules of the exotic pet trade should be updated.

Imagine looking at a view of mountaintops and wondering about the name of each peak. Suddenly, above each mountaintop, a name appears on the sky. The words are not written in smoke by skywriting planes. The words are actually not in the sky at all. They come from tiny computers in contact lenses(隐形眼镜).

Computers have become smaller and smaller over the decades. The first computers filled houses. Transistors(晶体管) and then chips allowed computers to become small enough to fit on a desktop, then a laptop, and finally a phone. When experimenting with further reductions in size, developers often have to deal with the limits of human eyesight, which control how small the computers can be and still present visible information.

One new solution employs microprojectors (微投影机) to create a readable display for tiny computers. These machines project computer information onto any surface. Though an impressive breakthrough, there are potential problems. Such public displays can lead to privacy concerns. Most people do not want their information displayed on a wall for everyone to see. Besides, these projectors are extremely expensive, and their screens give users headaches.

Babak Parviz, a researcher at the University of Washington, created another solution: inventing a screen visible only to a person wearing a contact lens. Parviz created a computer in a contact lens that uses the wearer’s field of vision as the display. To create the display, Parviz took ordinary soft contact lenses with a wirelessly controlled system. At some point, Parviz says, it will be possible to connect the lens to a remote personal computer device such as cellphone or a laptop. By looking in a certain direction, the wearer sends the computer visual information about what he or she sees. The device then uses this information to point out the names of peaks.

These contact lenses are inserted and removed in much the same way as ordinary contact lenses. In addition, the computers in the lenses won’t block the wearer’s sight at all. Although now the computers are not on lenses treating eyesight problems, Parviz hopes that someday the technology will progress to that level.

1. What can the contact lenses in the text do?

A. Treat eyesight problems of the wearers.

B. Offer beautiful views of nature to users.

C. Project information on wall surface remotely.

D. Show information about what wearers can see.

2. According to Paragraph 3, what can the microprojectors do?

A. Put people’s privacy at risk. B. Save computer information.

C. Cause serious illnesses. D. Support users’ needs.

3. What does the underlined part "that level" refer to in the text?

A. Further reducing computers’ size. B. Creating the visual information.

C. Treating eyesight problems. D. Blocking the wearer’s sight.

4. What might be the best title for the text?

A. Tiny Computers, Amazing Sights. B. Smaller Lenses, Closer Views.

C. Progress Towards Clearness. D. Road to the Small World.

It’s common knowledge that the woman in Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous painting seems to look back at observers, following them with her eyes no matter where they stand in the room. But this common knowledge turns out wrong.

A new study finds that the woman in the painting is actually looking out at an angle that’s 15.4 degrees off to the observer’s right—well outside of the range that people normally believe when they think someone is looking right at them. “In other words,” said the study author, Horstmann, “she’s not looking at you.” This is somewhat ironic, because the entire phenomenon of a person’s gaze (凝视) in a photograph or painting seeming to follow the viewer is called the “Mona Lisa effect”. “That effect is absolutely real,” Horstmann said. If a person is illustrated or photographed looking straight ahead, even people viewing the portrait from an angle will feel they are being looked at. As long as the angle of the person’s gaze is no more than about 5 degrees off to either side, the Mona Lisa effect occurs.

Horstmann and his co-author were studying this effect for its application in the creation of artificial-intelligence avatars (虚拟头像) when Horstmann took a long look at the “Mona Lisa” and realized she wasn’t looking at him. To make sure it wasn’t just him, the researchers asked 24 people to view images of the “Mona Lisa” on a computer screen.

So why do people repeat the belief that her eyes seem to follow the viewer? Horstmann isn’t sure. “It’s possible,” he said, “that people have the desire to be looked at, so they think the woman is looking straight at them. Or maybe the people who first coined the term ‘Mona Lisa effect’ just thought it was a cool name.”

1. What is generally believed about the woman in the painting “Mona Lisa”?

A. She attracts the viewers to look back.

B. She seems mysterious because of her eyes.

C. She fixes her eyes on the back of the viewers.

D. She looks at the viewers wherever they stand.

2. What gaze range in a painting will cause the Mona Lisa effect?

A.  B.

C.  D.

3. Why was the experiment involving 24 people conducted?

A. To confirm Horstmann’s belief.

B. To create artificial-intelligence avatars.

C. To calculate the angle of Mona Lisa’s gaze.

D. To explain how the Mona Lisa effect can be applied.

4. What can we learn from the text?

A. Horstmann thinks it’s cool to coin the term “Mona Lisa effect”.

B. The Mona Lisa effect contributes to the creation of artificial intelligence.

C. Feeling being gazed at by Mona Lisa may be caused by the desire for attention.

D. The position of the ruler in the experiment will influence the viewers’ judgment.

The next time your face turns red after tripping(绊倒) over your own feet in public, don’t try to hide it — a new study finds that showing your embarrassment actually makes other people view you as more reliable.

Researchers at the University of California have carried out the study and found that embarrassment is a good thing — in fact, embarrassment is one emotional signature of a person to whom you can entrust valuable resources.

Not only are the findings useful for people seeking cooperative and reliable team members and business partners, but they also make for helpful dating advice. “Moderate levels of embarrassment are signs of virtue. Our data suggests embarrassment is a good thing, not something you should fight, ” said Matthew Feinberg, who led the study.

While the most typical gesture of embarrassment is a downward gaze to one side while partially covering the face, a person who feels shame, as distinguished from embarrassment, will typically cover the whole face, Feinbery said.

The results were got from a series of experiments. In the first experiment, 60 college students were videotaped describing embarrassing moments, such as making incorrect assumptions(假想) based on appearances. The college students also participated in the “Dictator Game” which is used in economics research to measure altruism(利他主义). For example, each was given 10 raffle tickets(奖券) and asked to keep a share of the tickets and give the remainder to a partner.

The findings, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, showed that those who showed greater levels of embarrassment tended to give away more of their raffle tickets, indicating greater generosity.

1. According to the passage, a person _____is thought to be reliable.

  A. who feels shame                         B. who shows his embarrassment

  C. who hides his embarrassment               D. who gives away more raffle tickets

2. We can infer from Paragraph 3 that _____.

  A. it’s useless to fight our embarrassment

  B. embarrassed people are not good at doing business

  C. people who show embarrassment can be good business partners

  D. people should try to overcome their embarrassment

3. The “Dictator Game” is used to ______.

  A. test whether a student is generous or not

  B. measure the students’ economic status

  C. determine the different levels of embarrassment

  D. record how each student reacts during embarrassing moments

4. We learn from Paragraph 6 that those who showed greater levels of embarrassment _____.

  A. were less reliable                     B. kept more of the raffle tickets            

  C. didn’t care for raffle tickets             D. proved to be more generous

1．DCDA 

2．BABD

3．DCDC

4．DBDB 

5．DACA

6．DBAC 

7．BCAD