微专题--动词时态语态二 讲义 (考点清单+精讲+好题回顾) 2022届高考英语语法精讲精练 （教师版+学生版）

2022届英语语法精讲精练微专题（动词时态语态二）教师版

考点清单五、一般过去时

要点精讲1：一般过去时多表示过去已发生的动作，并有明确的时间状语，如yesterday, last week, in 1980等。

例1：Tom didn't come to class yesterday.

例2：Oh, John. I never thought I met you here.

【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。

1. The book has been translated into thirty languages since it _____________ (come) on the market in 1973.

2. (2013·安徽) I’m calling about the apartment you _____________ (advertise) the other day. Could you tell me more about it?

3. (2013·福建) The famous musician, as well as his students, _____________(invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.

4. (2017· 江苏) The publication of Great Expectations, which _____________ (be) both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.

【答案与解析】

1. came。从句有明显时间状语in 1973，应用一般过去时。故答案是came。

2. advertised。从句有明显时间状语the other day，应用一般过去时。故答案是advertised。

3. was invited。句子有明显时间状语at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo，应用一般过去时。故答案是was invited。

4. was。结合语境这里描述过去的行为，应用一般过去时。故答案是was。

要点精讲2：一般过去时表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作，常与often，usually，seldom等频度副词连用。

例3：When I was in the countryside, I often called on my old friends there.

【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。

5. (2015﹒湖南) I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but _____________ (hold) back thankfully by the shop window.

6. The three of us _____________ (travel) around Europe for about a month last summer.

【答案与解析】

5. was held。hold back表示“阻止，隐瞒”，结合语境应用被动语态。故答案是was held。

6. travelled。本句是易错题，句子虽然有时间状语for about a month，但结合语境这里表示过去某段时间一直发生的事情。故答案是travelled。

要点精讲3：一般过去时用于虚拟语气特定句型，表示与现在事实相反的情况，如I wish…., If only…., I would rather that…., It is time that…. 及if虚拟条件句等。

例4：I would rather you came tomorrow.

例5：It is high time that we had our lunch.

例6：I wish I were a bird, flying freely in the sky.

例7：If only I knew how to operate an electronic computer as you do.

例8：If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance.

【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。

7. Sorry, I’m too busy now. If I _____________ (have) time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.

8. How I wish every family _____________ (have) a large house with a beautiful garden!

9. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it look as if it _____________ (break).

10. Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he _____________(do) something instead of just talking.

【答案与解析】

7. had。语境暗示从句与现在事实相反，应用一般过去时。故答案是had。

8. had。结合语境从句与现在事实相反，故应用一般过去时。故答案是had。

9. were broken。it look as if…表示“看起来好像……”，从句与现在事实相反，应用一般过去时；结合语境应用被动语态。故答案是were broken。

10. did/should do。It is high/about time that..后面常用did或should do, should不能省，意为“早该……”。故答案是did/should do。

考点清单六、过去进行时

要点精讲1：过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，常有明确的时间状语暗示，如at 7:00 last night等。

例9：I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.

例10：She was playing the piano while I was reading the newspaper.

【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。

11. Her mother _____________ (cook) in the kitchen at this time yesterday.

【答案与解析】

11. was cooking。时间状语at this time yesterday表明过去某时正在发生的动作，应用过去进行时。故答案是was cooking。

要点精讲2：过去进行时还可以表示过去一段时间内频繁发生或一直进行的动作。

例11：We were talking about you the whole morning.

例12：He was watching TV at home from 3:00 to 5:00 yesterday afternoon.

【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。

12. We went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it _____________ (decorate).

13. (2014﹒四川) She _____________ (phone) someone, so I nodded to her and went away.

【答案与解析】

12. was being decorated。结合语境表示该段时间内一直进行的动作---装修图书馆。故答案是was being decorated。

13. was phoning。结合语境“她正在给别人打电话，我对她点头走开了。”故答案是was phoning。

要点精讲3：go, come ,leave等瞬间动词的过去进行时表示将要发生的动作。

例13：She said she was leaving for New York the next month.

要点精讲4：过去进行时用于as, when, while等状语从句，表示另一动作发生的背景。

例14：It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front.

例15：Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking.

【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。

14. Jim _____________ (watch) a late night film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank.

15. I _____________(clean) the streets in our neighborhood this time yesterday when you called me.

【答案与解析】

14. was watching。结合语境这是was doing…when…句式。故答案是was watching。

15. was cleaning。结合语境这是was doing…when…句式。故答案是was cleaning。

要点精讲5：always, forever, continually, constantly频度副词与过去进行时连用表示赞扬，抱怨等感情色彩。

例16：The girl was always changing her mind.

例17：In the past he was constantly asking me for money.

【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。

16. During the period of recent terrorist activities, people _____________(always warn) not to touch any unattended bag. 

17. (2015﹒湖南) He must have sensed that I _____________ (look) at him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, "Why are you staring at me like that?"

18. (2016·北京) Jack _____________ (work) in the lab when the power cut occurred.

【答案与解析】

16. were always being warned。always与过去进行时连用，表示过去某段时间内一直进行的动作（被频繁提醒）；又是被动含义。故答案是were always being warned。

17. was looking。结合语境判断这里表示当时在进行的动作，故用过去进行时。故答案是was looking。

18. was working。这是was doing…when…句式。是故答案是was working。

考点清单七、过去完成时

要点精讲1：过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间之前或过去某一动作之前已经完成。句中常用by, by the end of, be the time…引导的时间状语或以before, until, when, than等词引导的内含一般过去时的时间状语从句。概括为：过去的过去。

例18：By 5:00 yesterday morning we had done that work.

例19：I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.

【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。

19. (2014·山东) Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we _____________ (expect).

20. (2015·安徽)Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I _____________ (leave) my bank in the cafe.

21. (2016·浙江) Silk____________(become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.

22. (2017·北京卷) In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones __________ (not invent) yet.

【答案与解析】

19. had expected。结合语境应用过去完成时表示“过去的过去”。故答案是had expected。

20. had left。结合语境应用过去完成时表示“过去的过去”。故答案是had left。

21. had become。by about 100 BC是解答本题关键，应用过去完成时。故答案是had become。

22. hadn’t been invented。结合语境应用过去完成时表示“过去的过去”；又是被动含义。故答案是hadn’t been invented。

要点精讲2：intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而未做的事。

例20：They had wanted to help but couldn't get here in time.

例21：I had intended to call on you, but was prevented from doing so.

【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。

23. I _____________(plan) to help you but couldn’t get here in time.

【答案与解析】

23. had planned。intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而未做的事。故答案是had planned。

要点精讲3：在 It was the first/second/third…time that…句型中，that引导的定语从句要用过去完成时。

例22：This was the first time they had met in thirty-nine years. 

例23：It was the fourth time she had shopped online for hours.

【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。

24. There was a knock on the door. It was the second time someone _____________(interrupt) me that evening.

25. That was the first time she _____________ (leave) alone at home during the weekends, bored to death.

【答案与解析】

24. had interrupted。在 It was the first/second/third…time that…句型中，that引导的定语从句要用过去完成时。故答案是had interrupted。

25. had left。在 It/That was the first/second/third…time that…句型中，that引导的定语从句要用过去完成时。故答案是had left。

要点精讲3：在hardly/scarcely … when…和no sooner… than…句型中，主句常用过去完成时。

例24：She hardly had gone to bed when the bell rang.

例25：No sooner had they left the building than a bomb exploded.

【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。

26. She ________ no sooner _________(get) to the office than she got down to writing the report.

27. Hardly had I arrived home when the telephone _____________ (ring).

【答案与解析】

26. had; got。在hardly/scarcely … when…和no sooner… than…句型中，主句常用过去完成时。故答案是had; got。

27. rang。在hardly/scarcely … when…和no sooner… than…句型中，主句常用过去完成时，从句仍用一般过去时。故答案是rang。

要点精讲4：过去完成时用于虚拟语气特定句型，表示与过去事实相反的情况，如I wish…., If only…., I would rather that….及if虚拟条件句等。

例26：I wish that I had seen her yesterday.

例27：I felt as though we had known each other for years.

例28：If only I had known her earlier!

例29：I would rather I hadn't seen that film yesterday.

例30：If it had not rained this morning, I should have gone shopping.

【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。

28. (2018·天津) If we _____________ (catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach.

29. How I wish I _____________(buy) that skirt when it was available! Ugh! I regret it every time.

30. (2015·北京)—Did you have difficulty finding Ann' house?

—Not really. She _____________ (give) us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.

【答案与解析】

28. had caught。这时if虚拟条件句，从句与过去事实相反应用过去完成时。故答案是had caught。

29. had bought。I wish that….从句与过去事实相反应用过去完成时。故答案是had bought。

30. had given。结合语境“给我们清楚指导”发生在前，应用过去完成时。故答案是had given。

考点清单八、过去将来时

要点精讲1：一般过去将来时是由“should/would + 动词原形”构成，表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作，多用于主从复合句中。

例31：He said they would arrange a party.

例32：He asked me yesterday when I should leave for Paris.

【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。

31. Did you predict that many students _____________ (sign) up for the dance competition?

【答案与解析】

31. would sign。Did you predict是解答本题的关键，暗示应用过去将来时。故答案是would sign。

要点精讲2：用于was/were about to do…when…句型，表示：正要……这时发生另一件事。was/were to do 也可以用于过去将来时。

例33：I was about to start when it suddenly began to rain.

32. He was about to go to bed ________ there was a knock on the door.

33. When he _____________ (open) the door, he found his keys were nowhere.

34. (2015·陕西)At college, Barack Obama didn’t know that he _____________ (become) the first black president of the United States of America.

was to become

【答案与解析】

32. when。这是was/were about to do sth. when...句型。故答案是when。

33. was to open。结合语境这里应用过去将来时表示从当时看将要发生的动作“将要开门”。故答案是was to open。

34. was to become。结合语境这里应用过去将来时表示从当时看将要发生的动作“将要成为美国第一位黑人总统”。故答案是was to become。

要点精讲3：过去将来时用于虚拟语气特定句型，表示与将来事实相反的情况，如I wish…., If only…., I would rather that….及if虚拟条件句等。

例34：I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight.

例35：If I had a chance to study abroad, I would study at Cambridge University.

【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。

35. If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he ________(be) able to speak it much better now.

【答案与解析】

35. would be。本句是虚拟语气含蓄条件句，now说明主句与现在事实相反，应用would do。故答案是would be。

好题再练（一）高考真题

【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。

1. (2021·全国甲卷)The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It __________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).

2. (2021·全国甲卷) We __________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job.

3. (2021·新高考全国卷) What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it __________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.

4. (2020·全国I卷) The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess __________ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.

5. (2020·新课标I卷) “This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it __________ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon __________ (construct) .”

6. (2020·全国III卷) The artist was sure he would __________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.

7. (2020·山东卷) The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, ________(form) the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.

8. (2020·浙江卷) By about 6000 BC, people _________ (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.

9. (2020·江苏卷) Instead of getting down to a new task as I __________(expect), he examined the previous work again.

10. (2019·全国II卷) Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene  _______ (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.

【答案】

1. was built 2. hired 3. was 4. touched 5. means; is constructed 6. be chosen 7. formed 8. had discovered 9. had expected 10. declared

好题再练（二）高考真题

【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。

11. (2019·全国III卷) Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ____________ (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. For breakfast, we were able to eat papaya (木瓜) and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.

12. (2019·天津卷) I _________(hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it.

13. (2019·江苏卷) A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ___________(fall) in love with the people and culture there.

14. (2018北京卷) They might have found a better hotel if they ___________(drive) a few more kilometers.

15. (2018·江苏卷) I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan __________(carry) out in the past two years.

16. (2018·北京卷) Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________(work) as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.

17. (2017北京卷) If the new safety system ______________(put) to use, the accident would never have happened.

18. (2018·北京卷) A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________(trap) in the mountains for two days.

19. (2017·天津卷) I ________(drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.

20. (2017·江苏卷) He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he ___________(follow).

【答案】

11. recommended 12. had hoped 13. fell 14. had driven 15. had been carried 16. was working 17. had been put 18. had been trapped 19. was driving 20. was being followed

好题再练（三）单句改错

【即时训练】下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。

21. By the time Jack returned home from England, his son has graduated from college.

22. He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he had it for a very long time.

23. The diamond mine discovered by a little boy when he was playing hide-and-seek.

24. On Monday mornings it usually took me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.

25. We won't start the work until all the preparations have made.

26. Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she has seen most of the guests before.

27. I found the lecture hard to follow because it started when I arrived.

28. Excuse me. I don’t realize that I was blocking your way.

29. Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, but I have long been out of practice.

30. During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there.

【答案】

21. has改为had 22. had前加had 23. discovered前加was 24. took改为takes 25. have后加been 26. has改为had 27. started前加had 28. don’t改为didn’t 29. start改为started 30. find改为found