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2022届英语语法精讲精练微专题（动词时态语态三）原卷版 考点清单九、一般将来时要点精讲1：will/shall do表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，是最常见的一般将来时表达形式。注意will do还可以表示不以人的意志为转移的自然规律；表示临时性决定或打算，还可以用于“祈使句 + and + 陈述句”中。例1：I shall be free this afternoon.例2：My sister will be 18 next year. 例3：— George phoned while you were out.— Ok. I will phone him back.例4：Work hard and you will succeed.【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1.—Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.—All right. I__________(call) him later.2. Search the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you ___________(learn) a lot about firefighting3. As you go through this book, you ________(find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War II had a different experience.4. (2016·江苏) More efforts, as reported, ___________(make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.要点精讲2：be going to do也是一般将来时表达方式，表示推测时强调说话有充分依据，尤指天气变化。例5：Are you going to play basketball after class?例6：Look at those black clouds. It is going to rain.【即时训练】单句改错。5. Take an umbrella with you. Look at the black cloud, it is to rain.要点精讲3：“be about to+动词原形”表示打算或据安排即将发生的动作。它不与表示时间的副词或其他时间状语连用。例7：The English evening is about to start. 要点精讲4：“be to+动词原形”表示约定的、计划中的或按职责、义务要求要发生的动作，这种动作通常是人的意志所能控制的，或用于征求意见。例8：There is to be a slide show this afternoon.例9：You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock.要点精讲5：现在进行时表将来，这一结构常用于表示位置转移的动词，如come, go, leave, start, move, arrive等。例10：I am leaving for Tibet on Sunday. 例11：When are you going back to your factory?  考点清单十、将来进行时要点精讲：将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，常用的时间状语有by this time tomorrow等等。例12：By this time tomorrow, I will be lying on the beach.例13：Don't phone me between 8:00 and 10:00. We will be having classes then.【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。6. Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she _________(teach) a class at that time. 7. You'd better not phone the manager between 7 and 8 tomorrow evening; he ________ (have) an important meeting then. 考点清单十一、将来完成时要点精讲1：一般将来完成时（will have done）表示将来某一时间或动作发生之前已经完成的动作，通常与before或by, by the end of, by the time…等结构连用。例14：By the end of this month, we will have studied 10 units.例15：When they move here next month, we will have lived in the city for 5 years.【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。8. On the next birthday, Ann _____________ (marry) for twenty years. 9. ---I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car. ---I know. By next month, he __________ (save) enough for a used one.【答案与解析】8. will have been married。On the next birthday暗示用将来时，结合语境“到明年生日，安妮将已经结婚20年”，be married表示“已婚”状态。故答案是will have been married。9. will have saved。By next month是关键，表示将来某一时间或动作发生之前已经完成的动作。故答案是will have saved。要点精讲2：过去将来完成时（would have done）表示将来某一时间之前已经完成的动作，多与宾语从句和虚拟语气连用。例16：I thought Sophia would have told you something.例17：If we had found him earlier we would have saved his life.【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。10. (2019·江苏) What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _____________ (have) a good time together.11. Without the doctor's timely operation, the little girl ____________ (lose) her life.12. We _____________ (put) John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.考点清单十二、被动语态要点精讲1：“be+及物动词的过去分词” 是被动语态最基本形式，动词时态的变化主要从be动词的变化来体现。被动语态的行为发出者常由介词by引导，应特别注意这一显性标志，有时by短语可以省略。被动语态还可以用于“情态动词+be+过去分词”结构。例18：Has the doctor been sent for?例19：A policeman is known by the clothes he wears. 例20：Good care must be taken of the babies particularly while they are ill.【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。13. (2017全国Ⅰ卷) When fat and salt _____________(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.14. (2016·北京) The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _____________ (reward) with success in the end.15. Bad customs and laws ought to ____________(abandon), since they are inappropriate for the development of the society. 16. Large quantities of information, as well as timely help_____________(offer) to us over the past 2 years.要点精讲2：被动语态还可用“get+过去分词”结构，这种结构多用在口语中，强调动作的结果。例21：The boy got hurt when he was riding to school.例22：As I passed by, my skirt got caught on a nail. 【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。17. Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I get ___________(pay) on Friday. 18. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you wouldn’t have time to get ____________(change) before the party.考点清单十三、主动形式表示被动意义要点精讲1：“系动词+表语”结构中系动词主动形式表示被动意义。这些系动词分三类：①感官类系动词：look, seem, appear, feel, sound, taste, smell②变化类系动词：become, turn, come, go, fall, get③保持证明类系动词：stay, keep, be, remain, prove, turn out例23：Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth. 例24：His dream of being a dancer has come true. 例25：What he said proved to be correct in the end.【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。19. The flowers _________ (smell) sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.  20. The water __________(feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.21. With many trouble problems, such as unemployment and crime ____________(remain) to be solved, the mayor seems to be at a loss.要点精讲2：write, read, sell, wear, wash, open, shut等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性，多用于“动词+副词”结构，常用主动形式表被动意义。例26：My pen writes smoothly. 例27：The play reads more easily than acts.  【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。22. ---Why did you make the kite of cloth instead of paper?---Because paper ________(tear) easily.23. ---What do you think of my composition?---It __________(read) well except for a few spelling mistakes.24. --- What do you think of my new T-shirt?--- I am sure it __________(wear) very well and keeps its shape.要点精讲3：某些不及物动词）短语，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式。如happen, occur, exist，come out出版, come into being产生, come about发生, break out爆发, belong to属于, date from=date back to追溯到, arise from由……引起, run out用光等。例28：When did the accident occur?例29：The book lying on the top of the shelf belongs to me.例30：This year's event will take place on June 19th, a week earlier than usual.【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。25. This proverb is based on an old English law ____________(date) back to the 17th century.26. Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future ___________ (belong) to the well-educated.27. The number of road accidents and the deaths ____________(arise) from those accidents has increased over the past year. 28. Now it __________(occur) to him that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.要点精讲4：measure, weigh表示“测量起来，称重起来”，后接短语主动表被动；be worth doing, want/need/require doing中动名词主动表被动；be to blame表示“该受到责备”也是主动表被动。例31：This novel is well worth reading. 例32：The pond measures about 2 metres across.例33：The classroom badly requires cleaning.例34：Which driver was to blame for the accident? 【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。29. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need ___________ (repair). 30. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one __________ (blame).31. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and ___________ (weigh) less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. 要点精讲4：在“be+形容词+不定式短语”结构中，不定式主动形式表被动意义。例35：This kind of water isn’t fit to drink.例36：The baby is not easy to look after. 【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。32. In many people’s opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant __________ (deal) with. 33. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _________ (breathe). 34. Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier __________ (break) into small pieces. 好题再练（一）高考真题【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1. (2021·全国甲卷)The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It ______________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored.2. (2020··全国I卷) “This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it __________ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon ______________ (construct) .”3. (2020·天津卷)The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______________ (remain) around that level since.4. (2020·全国III卷) The artist was sure he would ______________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.5. (2020·北京卷) Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they ___________ (throw) away.6. (2019·江苏卷) They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals ___________ (install) by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics.7. (2019·天津卷) The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________(accomplish) the task in half the time.8. (2018·江苏卷) Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we ______________ (develop) more convenient electronic communication tools by then.9. (2018·北京卷) A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ______________ (trap) in the mountains for two days.10. (2020·浙江卷)And, as more children were born, more food ______________ (need). 好题再练（二）高考真题【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。11. Don't call me at nine tomorrow because I ______________ (study) at the library then.12. There are many dictionaries here, but which one _____________(belong) to you?13. The teacher said, “Jerry, I hope you ______________(be) more careful next time.”14. My train arrives in Shanghai at 10 this morning. The plane I would like to take from there ______________ (leave) by then.15. Breakfast ______________ (serve) between 7:00 and 8:00 tomorrow morning, we'd better get up early.16. Your passport ______________ (return) to you when you check out of your hotel. 17. Research findings have shown that about 20 percent of people can_____________ (classify) as “night owls.”18. I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan ____________ (carry) out in the following two years. 19.—Did you invite Sarah to your birthday party?—Sorry, I forget. I _____________ (call) her now. 20. Don't worry. The hard work that you do now ______________(repay) later in life.  好题再练（三）单句改错【即时训练】下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。21. I would come sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me. 22. There is so much noise upstairs—a party is held by some young people. 23. More than $10 million had spent carrying out the project by the end of last year.24. They made up their mind that they will buy a new house once Larry changed jobs.25. A special committee of scientists will established to study AI's effects on economy in the years ahead.26. Had I known about that useful computer program, I will have saved a huge amount of time and energy. 27. The old couple have married for more man 40 years and never once have they quarreled with each other.28. A communicative satellite weighs as much as 3.5 tons was sent up into space last week.29. Shakespeare’s play Hamlet has made into at least ten different films over the past years. 30. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people persuaded to eat more fruit and vegetables.