微专题--过去分词 讲义 (考点清单+精讲+好题回顾) 2022届高考英语语法精讲精练 （教师版+学生版）

2022届英语语法精讲精练微专题（过去分词）教师版

考点清单一：过去分词作状语

要点精讲1：过去分词作状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语,用作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随状语，表示与句子主语之间的被动关系。

例1：Clearly and thoughtfully written, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.

例2：Pressed from his parents, and realizing that he has little time left, the boy is determined to focus on his project.

【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

1.             (encourage) by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.

2._____________(wait) in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized he had left his wallet at home.

【答案与解析】

1. Encouraged。encourage和句子主语之间构成被动关系，且已经发生。故答案是Encouraged。

2. Having waited。wait和句子主语之间构成主动关系，且已经发生。故答案是Having waited。

要点：2.“be+过去分词+介词”结构，可以用作谓语、主语或状语。如be absorbed/dressed/trapped/occupied in, be equipped/loaded/burdened with, be accustomed/devoted/committed/addicted to doing。

例3：The sun began to rise in the sky, bathed in the mountain in golden light.

例4：Absorbed in reading, Tom didn’t even notice his mom come in.

【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

3.                      (trap) in the river for five hours, the thief looked very pale and exhausted.

4.                  (trap) in the river for five hours makes the thief looks very pale and exhausted.

5. The thief                     (trap) in the river for five hours, he looked very pale and exhausted.

6. The thief                   (trap) in the river for five hours, so he looked pale and exhausted.

【答案与解析】

3. Having been trapped/trapped。be trapped in表示“被困在……”，既是被动又已经发生。故答案是Having been trapped/trapped。

4. Being trapped。故答案是Being trapped。结合语境应用动名词短语作主语，又是被动含义。

5. having been trapped/trapped。故答案是having been trapped/trapped。前半句构成独立主格结构。

6. had been trapped。故答案是had been trapped。so连接并列句，前半句缺少谓语动词，需要被动语态。

要点精讲2：用于“连词+过去分词”结构，构成状语从句省略句式，表示从句谓语与句子主语之间的被动关系。

例5：Once married, Joe devoted her life to being a full-time homemaker. 

例6：There are some health problems that, when not treated in time, can become bigger ones later on.

例7：When asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.

【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

7. No matter how frequently        (perform), the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.

8. When____________(compare) cultures, we often focus on the differences without noticing the similarities.

【答案与解析】

7. performed。原句可以还原为No matter how frequently they are performed。故答案是performed。

8. comparing。从句谓语动词compare与句子主语之间构成逻辑上主动关系，故答案是comparing。

考点清单二:  过去分词作宾语补足语

要点精讲1：过去分词作补足语，逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语,用作观感使役类动词的宾补，如see, watch, hear, notice, have, make, leave, keep, find。

例8：Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car washed.

例9：She couldn't make herself heard because of the traffic noise.

【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

9. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see           (carry) out the next year.

10. She returned home, only to find the door open and a number of things           (go/steal/miss/go/lose)

11. The program was so exciting that the children kept their eyes              (fix) on the screen

【答案与解析】

9. carried。定语从句含有see sth done句型。故答案是carried。

10. gone/stolen/missing/lost。be gone/stolen/missing/lost是固定词组，故答案是gone/stolen/missing/lost。

11. fixed。fix one’s eyes on sth表示“眼睛注视着”，结合语境应用被动形式。故答案是fixed。

要点精讲2：用于“with+名词/代词+过去分词”结构作宾补；省略 with则转化为“名词/代词+过去分词”构成的独立主格结构。

例10：With all the money used up, the man had to make a living by begging.

例11：Much time spent sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.

【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

12. He rushed into the room, with his face              (cover) with sweat.

13. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ______________(finish) for the day.

14. With the difficult problem_________(settle), he threw himself in the sofa in relief.

【答案与解析】

12. covered。be covered with表示“被……覆盖”；宾语face和cover之间构成被动关系。故答案是covered。

13. finished。their lessons finished是独立主格结构，二者逻辑上是被动关系。故答案是finished。

14. settled。with sth done强调二者之间被动关系。故答案是settled。

考点清单三: 过去分词作定语

要点精讲2：过去分词作定语,逻辑主语是被修饰的名词或代词.单个分词常作前置定语，分词短语多作后置定语；过去分词作定语表示一个被动的、已发生的动作。

例12：The wedding ceremony took place in a brightly decorated hotel room.

例13：A number of roads have blocked by fallen trees because of the heavy rain.

例14：Many words associated with life in the West are Spanish.

【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

15. From the dates         (mark) on the gold coin, we decided it was made five hundred years ago.

16. Can those         /          (sit/seat) at the back of the classroom hear me?

【答案与解析】

15. marked。日期是被印在硬币上，故用过去分词短语作定语。故答案是marked。

16. sitting/seated。空格需要分词作定语，sit是不及物动词，be seated表示“坐好”。故答案是sitting/seated。

考点清单四: 过去分词作表语

要点精讲：过去分词作表语，逻辑主语是句子的主语，常位于be动词或remain, sound, feel等系动词之后； “get+过去分词”结构也是被动语态。

【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

例15：Though he was a new man, he got accustomed to the way of life here very soon.

例16： Tom sounds very interested in the job, but I'm not sure whether he can manage it.

【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

17. The story was so              (move) that all of us were              (move) to tears．

18. Please remain              (seat); the winner of the prize will be announced soon.

19. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you won’t have time to get              (change) before the party.

【答案与解析】

17. moving; moved。现在分词演化成形容词，表示“令人……”，过去分词演化成形容词，多表示“感到……”。故答案是moving; moved。

18. seated。remain seated相当于be seated。故答案是seated。

19. changed。get changed也是被动语态结构，类似地，get caught, get burnt, get paid等。故答案是changed。

考点清单五：过去分词用于谚语、插入语

例17：Compared with traditional education, online education has many advantages.

【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

20. United we stand;             (divide) we fall.

21. Well              (begin), half done.

22. Friendship is like money: easier made than              (keep).

【答案与解析】

20. divided。句意：合则立，分则亡。前后对仗，互为提示。故答案是divided。

21. begun。句意：良好开端是成功一半。故答案是begun。

22. kept。句意：友情就像金钱，获得容易维持难。故答案是kept。

好题再练（一）高考真题

用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

1. (2021·全国乙) It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ________           (educate) about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the development of the local areas.

2. (2021·新高考全国)But that’s how nature is — always leaving us              (astonish).

3. (2020·全国II) They make great gifs and you see them many times __________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.

4. (2020·江苏改编) Technological innovations, ____________(combine)with good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.

5. (2020·天津改编)___________(complete) in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world.

6. (2018·全国III) I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel ____ ____(challenge).

7. (2018·北京改编) Ordinary soap, _________(use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.

8. (2018·天津改编) I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________(take).

9. (2017·浙江) Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got ________ (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden.

10.(2017·北京改编)Jim has retired, but he still remember the happy time ___________(spend) with his students.

1. educated 2. astonished 3. decorated 4. combined 5. Completed 6.challenged 7. used 8. taken 9. swept 10. spent

好题再练（二）模拟试题

用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

12. With the government’s aid, those _________(affect) by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.

13. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _______(remind) of his own dreams.

14. Hearing the good news, I felt a heavy load              (take) off my mind.

15. When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth              (examine)?

16. _______(face) with so much trouble, China has succeeded controlling the spread of covid-19.

17. The police recommended that the       (injure) in the accident             (take) to the hospital.

18. Unless _____________(invite) to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.

19. _______ (locate) in the center of the city, the park is a good place for a rest at weekends.

20. When he came back to life，he found himself lying on the floor, with his hands __________ (tie) behind.

11. interested 12. affected 13. reminded 14. taken 15. examined 16. faced 17. injured; should be taken 18. invited 19. located 20. tied

好题再练（三）单句改错

下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。

21. (2020·全国I) I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.

22. With the boy led the way, the soldiers managed to walk through the forest.

23. Concerning about her son’s future, the mother has been sleeping very badly these months.

24. Compare with her achievements, her shortcomings are only secondary.

25. I absolutely hate it when people eat at my house and have their eyes gluing to their phones for the entire meal.

26. “It's really a nice place,” Mother said as she sat at the table reserve for customers

27. Convincing that I would try my best to help him, he became less worried.

28. With a lot of difficult problems solve, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.

29. The elevator doors slid open, and a couple, dressing in elegant coats, appeared with shopping bags.

30. I am used to reading China Daily every morning, as it can keep me informing of the present events both at home and abroad.

21. frying改为fried 22. led改为leading 23. Concerning改为Concerned 24.Compare改为Compared 225. gluing改为glued 26.reserve改为reserved 27. Convincing改为Convinced 28. solve前加to 29. dressing改为dressed 30. informing改为informed