微专题--特殊句式二(祈使句+感叹句) 讲义 (考点清单+精讲+好题回顾) 2022届高考英语语法精讲精练 （教师版+学生版）

2022届英语语法精讲精练微专题（特殊句式二 祈使句+感叹句）教师版

考点清单三、祈使句

要点精讲1：Do型祈使句

祈使句常常用来表达命令、请求或者建议。它的主语“you”通常省略，并且谓语动词用原形。祈使句的句尾用感叹号或句号，读的时候用降调。表达请求或劝告时，在祈使句前或句末可加上please，以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。

例1：Be quiet, please! 请安静！

例2：Keep off the grass! 勿踩踏草地！

【即时训练】在空白处填写括号内单词的正确形式。

1. Please do me a favor—__________(invite) my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight.

2. Attention! _________(fill) in the form right now, making sure that every detail supplied is accurate.

3. If you're to succeed, __________(devote) to the job after finding the proper way to do it.

【答案与解析】

1. invite。破折号后边是具体内容，应该理解为祈使句，动词原形开头。故答案是invite。

2. Fill。后面making sure…部分作伴随状语，因此前边缺少谓语动词，结合语境应用祈使句。故答案是Fill。

3. be devoted。If you're to succeed是状语从句，后边是主句需要谓语动词；be devoted to sth=devote oneself to sth.。故答案是is。be devoted。

要点精讲2：Don’t/Never型祈使句

在祈使句的肯定句式前加Don’t，构成“Don’t+行为动词原形+其他成分”。Never开头祈使句语气更强烈。

例3：Don’t ask me when I’m busy! 别在我忙的时候问我！

例4：Never speak like that again. 千万别再那样说话。

【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

4. __________ (speak) with your mouth full of food. It is bad manners to do that.   

5. Don’t drink when you drive a car, __________ you?

【答案与解析】

4. Don’t speak。结合语境逻辑上是否定意义，又是祈使句，提出建议或警告。故答案是Don’t speak。

5. will。祈使句构成反意疑问句，后边多用will you或won’t you。陈述部分主句含有否定祈使句，附加问句应该用肯定形式。故答案是will。

要点精讲3：Let型祈使句

带有第一人称主语的祈使句通常以Let开头，其结构为：Let+me/us+谓语动词原形或Let’s+谓语（动词原形）+其它。注意：Let us不包括说话者，而Let’s则包括说话者。Let’s …结构构成反意疑问句，附加问句用“shall we?”，其余都用“will you? ”。

例5：Don’t let me go with her tomorrow. 不要让我明天跟她一起去。

例6：Let’s not tell her the truth whenever we meet her. 无论什么时候我们碰到她，都不要告诉她真相。

例7：Let’s go out and play football. 咱们出去踢足球吧！

例8：Don’t let him disturb us while we are having a meeting. 我们开会时别让他打扰我们。

【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或单句改错。

6. Let’s take a taxi to save time, _______ we?

7. We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, _________you?

8. (2013·四川)Suddenly Mary, my best friend, asked me to let her to copy my answers.

【答案与解析】

6. shall。Let’s …构成反意疑问句，附加问句用“shall we?”。故答案是shall。

7. will。Let+me/us+谓语动词原形构成反意疑问句，附加问句用“will you? ”。故答案是will。

8. 去掉第二个to。let sb do sth是固定用法，省略to的不定式短语作宾语补足语。故答案是去掉第二个to。

要点精讲4：No型祈使句

在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用“No+名词/V-ing形式”结构，表示“禁止做某事”。

例9：NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照!

例10：No parking! 禁止停车！

要点精讲5：有主语祈使句

祈使句的主语通常为第二人称you, 习惯上常常省略。但若要强调主语, 或表示急躁、厌烦、不高兴、愤怒等感情色彩, 或表示向某人请求或发出命令, 祈使句也可带上第二人称you或第三人称one, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody或名词形式的主语。

例11：You mind your own business! 你少管闲事!

例12：You come here, Jack, and you go there, Mary. 杰克你到这边来,玛丽你到那边去。

例13：Someone open the door. 谁去把门打开。

例14：Don’t you open the door. 请你不要开门。

【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词。

9. –Alice, you feed the bird today, _______you?　　

---But I fed it yesterday.

10. --Sorry, Joe. I didn’t mean to…

--Don’t call me “Joe”. I’m Mr. Parker to you, and ______ you forget it!

【答案与解析】

9. will。结合语境陈述部分是一个有主语祈使句用来安排任务，因此附加问句应用will you。故答案是will。

10. don’t。有时为了强调指明向谁提出要求或发出命令，第二人称主语也可以表示出来。构成否定式的“Don’t” 置于主语“You”之前。“Mr. Parker” 向对方(You)提出要求，请对方(You)不要忘记了对他的称呼。故答案是don’t。

要点精讲6：祈使句+and/or+主句

该句型相当于“if引导的条件状语从句+主句”。and表示顺承关系, or/otherwise表示转折关系。有时该句型中祈使句可以省略为名词词组，意思基本不变。and/or后面用“will +动词原形”。

例15：Leave it with me and I will see what I can do. 把它留给我吧，我想想有没有办法。

例16：Get round to it or you will lose the golden opportunity. 抓紧点时间， 否则你会错过这个难得的机会的。

例17：A few more minutes, and the work will be finished. 再有几分钟, 这份工作就完成了。

【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

11. Don't be discouraged. ________ (take) things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life.

12. Start out right away, ________you’ll miss the first train.

13. Let's keep to the point or we ________ (never reach) any decisions.

14. Another hour ________ we will complete the task sent to us.

15. ________ (search) the website of the Fire Department in your city, you will learn a lot about firefighting.

【答案与解析】

11. Take。这是“祈使句+and/or+主句”句型，祈使句用动词原形开头。故答案是Take。

12. and。这是“祈使句+and/or+主句”句型，前后句是顺承关系。故答案是and。

13. will never reach。这是“祈使句+and/or+主句”句型，and/or后面用“will +动词原形”。故答案是will never reach。

14. and。这是“祈使句+and/or+主句”句型变式，句首祈使句可以省略动词，变成“名词短语+and/or+主句”，用法不变。故答案是and。

15. Searching。两句之间没有and，因此不是“祈使句+and/or+主句”句型。这里现在分词短语作条件状语，相对于If you search…。故答案是Searching。

考点清单四、感叹句

要点精讲1：what 引导的感叹句

感叹句表示说话时的惊讶、喜悦、赞赏和愤怒等情绪。what是感叹形容词，中心词必须是名词，名词前可以有冠词和形容词修饰，注意感叹句用陈述语序。具体有三种类型：

①What +a (n)+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!  

例18：What a beautiful voice she has! 她的声音多美啊!

②What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!

例19：What kind doctors they are! 他们是多好的医生啊!

③What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!

例20：What fine weather it is today!

【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词。

16. ______a strange plant! I've never seen it before.

17._________amazing pictures we took on the beach yesterday!

18. ______good advice he gave that we should take more exercise in our spare time!

【答案与解析】

16. What。该句是“What +a (n)+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!”句式，故答案是What。

17. What。该句是“What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!”句式，故答案是What。

18. What。该句是“What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!”句式，故答案是What。

要点精讲2：how引导的感叹句

how是感叹副词，用作状语，修饰形容词、副词或动词，注意感叹句用陈述语序。具体有四种类型。

①How+形容词+主语+谓语！ 

例21：How generous you are! 你真慷慨啊！

②How+副词+主语+谓语！ 

例22：How beautifully she dances! 她的舞蹈跳得太棒了！

③How +形容词+a(an)+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！ 

例23：How hardworking a student he is! 他是多么用功的学生啊！

④How+主语+谓语！

例24：How time flies! 时间过得多快啊!

【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词。

19. _______ well you sing but _______ badly he dances!

20. ________ delicious the soup is! I’d like some more.

21. The girl must have had a cold. ______ she coughs!

【答案与解析】

19. How, how。两句都是“How+副词+主语+谓语！”句式，故答案是How, how。

20. How。这是“How+形容词+主语+谓语！”句式，故答案是How。

21. How。这是“How+主语+谓语！”句式，故答案是How。

要点精讲3：感叹句用于宾语从句

感叹句还可以用于宾语从句，引导词不变，语序不变，谓语动词时态与整句保持呼应。

例25：You can’t imagine how excited they were when they received Christmas gifts. 你难以想象他们收到圣诞礼物是多么激动呀。

【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词。

22. Parents are taught to understand ______ important education is to their children’s future.  

23. The shocking news made me realize _______terrible problems we would face.

【答案与解析】

22. how。宾语从句中education是主语，应采用“How+形容词+主语+谓语！”句式，故答案是how。

23. what。宾语从句中中心词是problems，应采用“What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!”句式，故答案是what。

好题再练（一）模拟试题

【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

1. (2018·北京改编) In any unsafe situation, simple ________ (press)the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.

2. Always _________(keep) in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.

3. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better _________(forget) it — you’ve got some big bills coming.

4. ________ (congratulate) to you on your success in preventing the spread of the epidemic!

5. One more hour ________ I’ll get the work finished.

6. Oh. it's so hot in here. Somebody ________ (open) the window, please.

7. Sorry I’m so late, but you cannot imagine _________ great trouble I took to find your house.

8. _________ lovely weather we are having these days!

9. _________ interesting work it is to teach children!

10. What _____ interesting role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar.

【答案】

1. press 2. keep 3. forget 4. Congratulations 5. and 6. open 7. what 8. What 9. What 10. an

好题再练（二）单句改错

【即时训练】下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。

11. Tommy, following your doctor's advice or your cold will get worse.

12. Turning down the radio—the baby's asleep in the next room.

13. Mary, comes here—everybody else, stay where you are.

14. Take exercise half an hour every day, you will become healthier and healthier.

15. For more information about Cambridge, visiting our website at www.cambridge.org.

16. Most museums are just for looking. But today some of them have things for you to touch. The signs read, “Do not touch!”

17. How sweetly the music sounds and how beautiful her voice is!

18. What important conference it is! You should take this chance to attend it.

19. ---What sport do you like best?

---Springboard diving. How fun it is to dive into water from high board!

20. The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. What dangerous a scene it was!

【答案】

11. following改为follow 12. Turning改为Turn 13. comes改为come 14. Take改为Taking 或者you前加and 15. visiting改为visit 16. 去掉not 17. sweetly改为sweet 18. important前加an 19. How改为What 20. What改为How