微专题--状语从句二 讲义 (考点清单+精讲+好题回顾) 2022届高考英语语法精讲精练 （教师版+学生版）

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      2022届英语语法精讲精练微专题（状语从句二）教师版 状语从句分类及连接词让步状语从句though, although, as, whether…or, while, no matter wh-, -ever条件状语从句if, unless, once, in case, on condition that, supposing, provided that, for fear that目的状语从句so that, in order that 结果状语从句so that, so…that, such…that, such that 时间状语从句when, while, as, before, as soon as, the moment, the first time原因状语从句because, as, since, now that, in that方式状语从句as, as if, as though地点状语从句where比较状语从句as…as…, than…, the more…the more… 考点清单五、时间状语从句要点精讲1：“一……就……”多样化表达方式①标准型：as soon as引导时间状语从句，注意“主将从现”用法。②名词型：the moment/minute/instant/second+从句引导时间状语从句。③副词型：immediately /directly/instantly形式上是副词，其实这里转化为从属连词，引导时间状语从句。④介词型：on/upon后接名词或动名词，构成时间状语。⑤倒装型：no sooner…than.../ hardly…when…句式不同但意思相同，都表示“刚一……就……”，注意主句用过去完成时，且部分倒装（前提是no sooner/hardly位于句首）。【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或单句改错。1. I’ll tell her the news as soon as she ____________(come) back. 2. On ___________(arrive) home, I gave her a phone call.3. No sooner _________Mo Yan __________(step) on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.4. I had hardly got to the office _________my wife phone me to go back home at once.5. I’ll give him your message at the moment he arrives. 6. He made for the door direct he heard the knock. 7. Hardly had he arrived in Hong Kong than she rang me up.【答案与解析】1. comes。as soon as引导时间状语从句，注意“主将从现”用法。故答案是comes。2. arriving。on/upon后接动名词，构成时间状语。故答案是arriving。3. had; stepped。no sooner…than... 表示“刚一……就……”，注意主句用过去完成时，且部分倒装。故答案是had; stepped。4. when。hardly…when... 表示“刚一……就……”，注意主句用过去完成时。故答案是when。5. 去掉at。the moment +从句引导时间状语从句。故答案是去掉at。6. direct改为directly。directly引导时间状语从句，表示“刚一……就”。故答案是direct改为directly。7. than改为when。hardly…when... 表示“刚一……就……”。故答案是than改为when。要点精讲2：as, when和while引导的时间状语从句①as强调从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生，译作“一边……一边……；随着”。②when从句可以是时间点也可以是时间段，译作“当……时候”。③while表示“在……期间”，谓语应用延续性动词。④如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，此时when，while与as可互换使用。【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。8.(2016·全国III) Over time, _______ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. 【答案与解析】8. as/when。as/when引导时间状语从句，表示“随着……”。故答案是as/when。要点精讲3：till和until引导的时间状语从句①肯定句中，其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词，表示某动作一直延续到某时间为止。②not ... until/till ...均表示“直到……才……”。【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。9. (2017·北京改编) If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people _______ you figure it out. 【答案与解析】9. until。肯定句+until…，表示“某动作一直延续到某时间为止”故答案是until。要点精讲4：after, before引导的时间状语从句①after表示“在……之后”。②before表示“在……之前；还没来得及……就……”。③“It will be/was＋时间段＋before从句”表示“在……之前还要多久/过了多久才……”。【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。10. (2015﹒重庆改编)If you miss this chance, it may be years ______ you get another one.11. (2015﹒天津改编) We need to get to the root of the problem______ we can solve it.【答案与解析】10. before。这是it will/may be+时间段+before…句型。故答案是before。11. before。结合语境应用before表示“在……之前”。故答案是before。要点精讲5：since引导的时间状语从句①since表示“自从……以来”，引导时间状从，从句谓语用一般过去时，常用于It is+时间段+since…句型；②从句谓语是瞬时性动词，表示字面意思；是延续性动词则表示“自该动作结束以来”。如：It’s two months since she moved here. 她搬到这里两个月了。It’s two weeks since she lived here. 她不在这里居住两周了。【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。12. (2013﹒陕西改编)I have heard a lot of good things about you _______ I came back from abroad.【答案与解析】12. since。since表示“自从……以来”，引导时间状语从句，主句谓语用现在完成时。故答案是since。要点精讲6：名词短语引导的时间状语从句every/each time每次next time下次the first/last time第一次/最后一次the minute/instant/second一……就后面直接跟名词，构成时间状语从句。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。13. The last time I saw Jane she ______ (pick) cotton in the fields. 【答案与解析】13. was picking。The last time这里用作连词，引导时间状语从句。故答案是was picking。考点清单六、原因状语从句要点精讲1：because引导的原因状语从句because通常用于回答why引出的疑问句，语气最强，除特别强调外，该从句一般位于主句后面。【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。14. (2016·北京改编) I really enjoy listening to music ________ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day. 【答案与解析】14. because。前后句构成逻辑上因果关系，语气强烈。故答案是because。要点精讲2：as引导的原因状语从句as引导的原因状语从句多位于主句之前，通常可以和since换用，as语气稍弱。【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。15. (2012·重庆改编)—Coach, can I continue with the training?---Sorry, you can’t, _______you haven’t recovered from the knee injury.【答案与解析】15. as。as引导的原因状语从句as语气稍弱，表示“因为”。故答案是as。要点精讲3：since引导的原因状语从句since表示人们已知的事实，不许强调的原因，故常译为“既然……”，通常位于主句前，相当于now that。【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。16. (2013·山东改编)Mark needs to learn Chinese _______ his company is opening a branch in Beijing. 17._________ you've got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. 【答案与解析】16. since。前后句逻辑上构成因果关系，表示人们已知的事实。故答案是since。17. Since/Now (that)。Now that=Since，表示原因，意为“既然”。故答案是Since/Now (that)。要点精讲4：其他原因状语从句in that“因为；基于……的理由”，可以和because换用，多用于正式文体，总是位于主句之后。Seeing that/Considering that/Given that…表示“鉴于，考虑到”，通常用于非正式文体。【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。18. Animals suffered at the hands of Man in_______ they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural land to provide food for more people.【答案与解析】18. that。in that“因为；基于……的理由”，可以和because换用，总是位于主句之后。故答案是that。考点清单七、方式状语从句要点精讲1：as引导的方式状语从句as引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，意思是＂正如……＂，＂就像＂，多用于正式文体。【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。19. “You can’t judge a book by its cover,”         the old saying goes. 【答案与解析】19. as。as the old saying goes表示“俗话说”，as引导方式状语从句。故答案是as。要点精讲2：as if/as though引导的方式状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，常译作＂仿佛……似的＂。【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。20. Jack wasn’t saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him as____ he had done something very clever.21. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it look as if it ___________(break). 【答案与解析】20. if/though。as if/as though引导方式状语从句，常译作＂仿佛……似的＂。故答案是if/though。21. were broken。as if/as though引导的方式状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反。故答案是were broken。考点清单八、地点状语从句where既可引导定语从句，也可引导状语从句。where引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词,，where可替换成“介词+ which'”；而状语从句前则无先行词。【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。22. Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn't get a taxi ________ the bus had dropped her. 【答案与解析】22. where。此处从属连词where引导地点状语从句。故答案是where。考点清单九、比较状语从句要点精讲1：as…as…引导的原级比较状语从句as…as…引导的原级比较状语从句，第一个as是副词，第二个是连词，中间接形容词、副词原级。也可以是as+形容词+a(n)+名词+as结构。否定句中，可以替换为not so…as…。【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。23. A key turning point will come when electric cars cost as much to produce ______conventional vehicles.24. He speaks English well indeed, but of course not ______fluently as a native speaker.【答案与解析】23. as。as…as…引导的原级比较状语从句，中间接形容词、副词原级。故答案是as。24. as/so。as…as…引导的原级比较状语从句，否定句中，可以替换为not so…as…。故答案是as/so。要点精讲2：than引导的比较状语从句形容词/副词比较级+than…结构是常用比较级结构。【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。25. (2020·全国I) The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so _______ the familiar near side.【答案与解析】25. than。前后句构成比较状语从句。故答案是than。要点精讲3：The+比较级…，the+比较级…“The+比较级+主语+谓语，the+比较级+主语+谓语”是高频句型，表示“越……，越……”。【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。26. The __________ (careful) you listen to the tape, the _______(easy) you will find it to understand.【答案与解析】26. more carefully; easier。“The+比较级+主语+谓语，the+比较级+主语+谓语”是高频句型，表示“越……，越……”。故答案是more carefully; easier。考点清单十、状语从句的省略要点精讲：①状语从句含有it is或者主从句主语一致且含有be动词时，省略主语和be动词。②从属连词+现在分词 ，强调从句谓语动词与句子主语之间的主动关系。③从属连词+过去分词强调二者之间被动关系。④before和after后接动词，只能接动名词作宾语。【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。27. While __________(walk) alone in the street, I heard my name called.28. No child shall be, unless ______________ (accompany) by an adult, allowed out of the school during the day.29. Do not leave the building until _________________(instruct) to do so.30. Before ________________(operate) on, he took some special medicine.【答案与解析】27. walking。动词walk与句子主语构成逻辑上主动关系，故用现在分词。故答案是walking。28. accompanied。动词accompany与句子主语构成逻辑上被动关系，故用过去分词。故答案是accompanied。29. instructed。动词instruct与句子主语构成逻辑上被动关系，故用过去分词。故答案是instructed。30. being operated。首先前半句逻辑上是被动关系，其次，before应理解为介词。故答案是being operated。好题再练（一）高考真题【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。1. (2021·新高考全国)The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the _______ (hot) the spring!2. (2021·全国甲) After ____________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!3. (2021·全国乙) It was not widely accepted as a travel concept __________the late 1980s. 4. (2021·浙江) When the house was built, it was much _________ (small) than it is today.5. (2020·全国Ⅲ) _______he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.6. (2020·浙江) Farming produced more food per person _________ hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children. 7. (2018·全国I)While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life ______ walking, cycling or swimming.8. (2018·全国III)Corn uses less water ______ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff.9. (2018·全国II) The games my parents taught me _______ I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.10. (2017·江苏改编) Located _______ the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.【答案】1. hotter 2. spending 3. until 4. smaller 5. As/When 6. than 7. than 8. than 9. when 10. where 好题再练（二）模拟试题【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。11. How can you expect to learn anything ____ you never listen? 12. The young lady rushed into the room ______ she heard the noise.13. After the war, a new school building was put up ________ there had once been a theatre.14. If a lot of people say a film is not good, I won’t bother to see it, or I’ll wait ______ it comes out on DVD. 15. I’m sorry you have been waiting so long, but it will still be some time ________ you can get your passport.16. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ______ (question) at the meeting by my boss.17. While ______ (walk) along the paths, you can hear the sweet songs of bird.18. No sooner _________he ________(arrive) home than it began to rain.19. He speaks English so fluently as if he ______ (be) a native speaker.20. After _________(arrive) in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.【答案】11. when 12. immediately/instantly/directly 13. where 14. until 15. before 16. questioned 17. walking 18. had; arrived 19. were 20. arriving 好题再练（三）单句改错【即时训练】下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。21. When first introducing to the market, these products enjoyed great success.22. Looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possibly.  23. (2019·全国II) One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.24. I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long, but it’ll still be some time when Brian gets back.  25. A number of high buildings have arisen in where there was nothing a year ago but ruins. 26. I like this jacket better than that one, but it costs almost three times so much.27. I hurried to the spot at the moment I heard the news.28. While time goes by, we’ll be older and older.29. (2019·全国I)The first time when I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and other animals.30. When they will return from the US, we’ll give them a warm welcome.【答案】21. introducing改为introduced 22. possibly改为possible 23. where改为when 24. when改为before 25. 去掉in  26.so改为as 27. 去掉at 28. While改为As 29. 去掉when 30. 去掉will